1
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Buzzard V, Thorne D, Gil-Loaiza J, Cueva A, Meredith LK. Sensitivity of soil hydrogen uptake to natural and managed moisture dynamics in a semiarid urban ecosystem. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12966. [PMID: 35317075 PMCID: PMC8934528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The North American Monsoon season (June-September) in the Sonoran Desert brings thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. These rains bring cooler temperature and account for roughly half of the annual precipitation making them important for biogeochemical processes. The intensity of the monsoon rains also increase flooding in urban areas and rely on green infrastructure (GI) stormwater management techniques such as water harvesting and urban rain gardens to capture runoff. The combination of increased water availability during the monsoon and water management provide a broad moisture regime for testing responses in microbial metabolism to natural and managed soil moisture pulses in drylands. Soil microbes rely on atmospheric hydrogen (H2) as an important energy source in arid and semiarid landscapes with low soil moisture and carbon availability. Unlike mesic ecosystems, transient water availability in arid and semiarid ecosystems has been identified as a key limiting driver of microbe-mediated H2 uptake. We measured soil H2 uptake in rain gardens exposed to three commonly used water harvesting practices during the monsoon season in Tucson AZ, USA. In situ static chamber measurements were used to calculate H2 uptake in each of the three water harvesting treatments passive (stormwater runoff), active (stored rooftop runoff), and greywater (used laundry water) compared to an unaltered control treatment to assess the effects of water management practices on soil microbial activity. In addition, soils were collected from each treatment and brought to the lab for an incubation experiment manipulating the soil moisture to three levels capturing the range observed from field samples. H2 fluxes from all treatments ranged between -0.72 nmol m-2 s-1 and -3.98 nmol m-2 s-1 over the monsoon season. Soil H2 uptake in the greywater treatment was on average 53% greater than the other treatments during pre-monsoon, suggesting that the increased frequency and availability of water in the greywater treatment resulted in higher H2 uptake during the dry season. H2 uptake was significantly correlated with soil moisture (r = -0.393, p = 0.001, df = 62) and temperature (r = 0.345, p = 0.005, df = 62). Our findings suggest that GI managed residential soils can maintain low levels of H2 uptake during dry periods, unlike unmanaged systems. The more continuous H2 uptake associated with GI may help reduce the impacts of drought on H2 cycling in semiarid urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buzzard
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Dana Thorne
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Alejandro Cueva
- Biosphere2, University of Arizona, Oracle, Arizona, United States
| | - Laura K. Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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2
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Buzzard V, Gil-Loaiza J, Graf Grachet N, Talkington H, Youngerman C, Tfaily MM, Meredith LK. Green infrastructure influences soil health: Biological divergence one year after installation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149644. [PMID: 34428660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global threats to soils remain one of the greatest concerns and challenges of the 21st century. Built landscapes have profound local and global effects because they create urban heat islands, increase habitat fragmentation, and reduce biological diversity. Additionally, impervious surfaces alter natural watersheds and reduce infiltration increasing runoff that leads to erosion and soil degradation. To combat these effects, green infrastructure (GI) practices, like water harvesting rain gardens, are implemented in the Southwest United States to restore natural ecological function, yet little is known about how GI impacts soil health. Soil health can be measured using indicators that include physical, chemical, and biological characteristics that support ecosystem processes. This study aimed to evaluate changes in water holding capacity, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, Gibbs free energy, species richness and Shannon diversity in response to rain gardens that received different inputs (frequency and amount) and sources of harvested water (rain, municipal, greywater) one year after installation. We hypothesized that soil health indicators in GI diverge from the unaltered control treatment one year following installation. Although physical and chemical indicators were comparatively less sensitive to GI treatments than biological indicators, they varied within treatments after one year of GI management (pH increased: H = 36.37; p-value = 0.00; electrical conductivity decreased: H = 33.94; p-value = 0.00). Overall, we observed significantly higher soil microbial diversity (F = 4.29; p-value = 0.015) and richness (F = 4.02; p-value = 0.019) in surface soils in GI treatments after one year of management. Our findings suggest GI practices enhanced soil biological health which may lead to positive feedbacks that assist gradual changes in the abiotic environment thus enhancing soil health over time. These findings have broad implications for effectively assessing the success of GI management practices over short time periods using soil biological health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buzzard
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, United States of America.
| | - Juliana Gil-Loaiza
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nathalia Graf Grachet
- The Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hannah Talkington
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Connor Youngerman
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- The Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, United States of America
| | - Laura K Meredith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, United States of America; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States of America
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3
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Brummer AB, Lymperopoulos P, Shen J, Tekin E, Bentley LP, Buzzard V, Gray A, Oliveras I, Enquist BJ, Savage VM. Branching principles of animal and plant networks identified by combining extensive data, machine learning and modelling. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20200624. [PMID: 33402023 PMCID: PMC7879751 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching in vascular networks and in overall organismic form is one of the most common and ancient features of multicellular plants, fungi and animals. By combining machine-learning techniques with new theory that relates vascular form to metabolic function, we enable novel classification of diverse branching networks—mouse lung, human head and torso, angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. We find that ratios of limb radii—which dictate essential biologic functions related to resource transport and supply—are best at distinguishing branching networks. We also show how variation in vascular and branching geometry persists despite observing a convergent relationship across organisms for how metabolic rate depends on body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Brummer
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jocelyn Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elif Tekin
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa P Bentley
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Gray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Van M Savage
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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4
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Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Deng Y, He Z, Ning D, Shen L, Tu Q, Van Nostrand JD, Voordeckers JW, Wang J, Weiser MD, Kaspari M, Waide RB, Zhou J, Enquist BJ. Author Correction: Continental scale structuring of forest and soil diversity via functional traits. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1607. [PMID: 31582820 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Los Alamos National Laboratory, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos, NM, USA.,Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ye Deng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lina Shen
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Qichao Tu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - James W Voordeckers
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert B Waide
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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5
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Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Deng Y, He Z, Ning D, Shen L, Tu Q, Van Nostrand JD, Voordeckers JW, Wang J, Weiser MD, Kaspari M, Waide RB, Zhou J, Enquist BJ. Continental scale structuring of forest and soil diversity via functional traits. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1298-1308. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Hogan JA, McMahon SM, Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Enquist BJ, Thompson J, Swenson NG, Zimmerman JK. Drought and the interannual variability of stem growth in an aseasonal, everwet forest. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biological Sciences International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University Miami Florida
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Puerto Rico – Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Sean M. McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater Maryland
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
- Biosphere 2 University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Jill Thompson
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Penicuik Midlothian UK
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland
| | - Jess K. Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Puerto Rico – Río Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
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7
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Weiser MD, Ning D, Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, He Z, Enquist BJ, Waide RB, Zhou J, Kaspari M. Thermal disruption of soil bacterial assemblages decreases diversity and assemblage similarity. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Weiser
- Geographical Ecology Group; Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics; Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics; Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
- Environmental Microbiome Research Center; School of Environmental Science and Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
- Santa Fe Institute; Santa Fe New Mexico USA
| | - Robert B. Waide
- Department of Biology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics; Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control; School of Environment; Tsinghua University; Beijing China
- Earth and Environmental Sciences; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group; Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman Oklahoma USA
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8
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Henn JJ, Buzzard V, Enquist BJ, Halbritter AH, Klanderud K, Maitner BS, Michaletz ST, Pötsch C, Seltzer L, Telford RJ, Yang Y, Zhang L, Vandvik V. Intraspecific Trait Variation and Phenotypic Plasticity Mediate Alpine Plant Species Response to Climate Change. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1548. [PMID: 30483276 PMCID: PMC6243391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In a rapidly changing climate, alpine plants may persist by adapting to new conditions. However, the rate at which the climate is changing might exceed the rate of adaptation through evolutionary processes in long-lived plants. Persistence may depend on phenotypic plasticity in morphology and physiology. Here we investigated patterns of leaf trait variation including leaf area, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nutrients (C, N, P) and isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) across an elevation gradient on Gongga Mountain, Sichuan Province, China. We quantified inter- and intra-specific trait variation and the plasticity in leaf traits of selected species to experimental warming and cooling by using a reciprocal transplantation approach. We found substantial phenotypic plasticity in most functional traits where δ15N, leaf area, and leaf P showed greatest plasticity. These traits did not correspond with traits with the largest amount of intraspecific variation. Plasticity in leaf functional traits tended to enable plant populations to shift their trait values toward the mean values of a transplanted plants' destination community, but only if that population started with very different trait values. These results suggest that leaf trait plasticity is an important mechanism for enabling plants to persist within communities and to better tolerate changing environmental conditions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Henn
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aud H. Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Brian S. Maitner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sean T. Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Christine Pötsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lorah Seltzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Richard J. Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (CAS), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment (CAS), Chengdu, China
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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9
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Deng Y, Ning D, Qin Y, Xue K, Wu L, He Z, Yin H, Liang Y, Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Zhou J. Spatial scaling of forest soil microbial communities across a temperature gradient. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3504-3513. [PMID: 30051570 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature is an important correlate of global patterns of biodiversity, yet the mechanisms driving these relationships are not well understood. Taxa-area relationships (TARs) have been intensively examined, but the effects of temperature on TARs, particularly for microbial communities, are largely undocumented. Here we present a continental-scale description of temperature-dependent nested TARs of microbial communities (bacteria and archaea) from soils of six forest sites spanning a temperature gradient from subalpine Colorado to tropical Panama. Our results revealed that spatial scaling rates (z-values) of microbial communities varied with both taxonomic resolutions and phylogenetic groups. Additionally, microbial TAR z-values increased with temperature (r = 0.739, P < 0.05), but were not correlated with other environmental variables tested (P > 0.05), indicating that microbial spatial scaling rate is temperature-dependent. Understanding how temperature affects the spatial scaling of microbial biodiversity is of fundamental importance for preservation of soil biodiversity and management of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Deng
- Institute for Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kai Xue
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94270, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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10
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Zhou J, Deng Y, Shen L, Wen C, Yan Q, Ning D, Qin Y, Xue K, Wu L, He Z, Voordeckers JW, Nostrand JDV, Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Enquist BJ, Weiser MD, Kaspari M, Waide R, Yang Y, Brown JH. Temperature mediates continental-scale diversity of microbes in forest soils. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12083. [PMID: 27377774 PMCID: PMC4935970 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is increasingly leading to marked changes in plant and animal biodiversity, but it remains unclear how temperatures affect microbial biodiversity, particularly in terrestrial soils. Here we show that, in accordance with metabolic theory of ecology, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of soil bacteria, fungi and nitrogen fixers are all better predicted by variation in environmental temperature than pH. However, the rates of diversity turnover across the global temperature gradients are substantially lower than those recorded for trees and animals, suggesting that the diversity of plant, animal and soil microbial communities show differential responses to climate change. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the diversity of different microbial groups has significantly lower rates of turnover across temperature gradients than other major taxa, which has important implications for assessing the effects of human-caused changes in climate, land use and other factors. Climate warming has a wide range of effects on biodiversity. Here, Zhou et al. show that although variation in environmental temperature is a primary driver of soil microbial biodiversity, microbes show much lower rates of turnover across temperature gradients than other major taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.,Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - Ye Deng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lina Shen
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Chongqing Wen
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Kai Xue
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - James W Voordeckers
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, USA, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA
| | - Michael D Weiser
- EEB Graduate Program, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- EEB Graduate Program, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert Waide
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - James H Brown
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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11
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Tu Q, Deng Y, Yan Q, Shen L, Lin L, He Z, Wu L, Van Nostrand JD, Buzzard V, Michaletz ST, Enquist BJ, Weiser MD, Kaspari M, Waide RB, Brown JH, Zhou J. Biogeographic patterns of soil diazotrophic communities across six forests in North America. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2937-48. [PMID: 27085668 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soil diazotrophs play important roles in ecosystem functioning by converting atmospheric N2 into biologically available ammonium. However, the diversity and distribution of soil diazotrophic communities in different forests and whether they follow biogeographic patterns similar to macroorganisms still remain unclear. By sequencing nifH gene amplicons, we surveyed the diversity, structure and biogeographic patterns of soil diazotrophic communities across six North American forests (126 nested samples). Our results showed that each forest harboured markedly different soil diazotrophic communities and that these communities followed traditional biogeographic patterns similar to plant and animal communities, including the taxa-area relationship (TAR) and latitudinal diversity gradient. Significantly higher community diversity and lower microbial spatial turnover rates (i.e. z-values) were found for rainforests (~0.06) than temperate forests (~0.1). The gradient pattern of TARs and community diversity was strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.5) with latitude, annual mean temperature, plant species richness and precipitation, and weakly correlated (r(2) < 0.25) with pH and soil moisture. This study suggests that even microbial subcommunities (e.g. soil diazotrophs) follow general biogeographic patterns (e.g. TAR, latitudinal diversity gradient), and indicates that the metabolic theory of ecology and habitat heterogeneity may be the major underlying ecological mechanisms shaping the biogeographic patterns of soil diazotrophic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Tu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ye Deng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lina Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhili He
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Liyou Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Department of Biology, EEB Graduate Program, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology, EEB Graduate Program, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Robert B Waide
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - James H Brown
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94270, USA
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12
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Buzzard V, Hulshof CM, Birt T, Violle C, Enquist BJ. Re‐growing a tropical dry forest: functional plant trait composition and community assembly during succession. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona 1041 East Lowell, Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Catherine M. Hulshof
- Departamento de Biología Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez Universidad de Puerto Rico Mayagüez Puerto Rico 00681 USA
| | - Trevor Birt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona 1041 East Lowell, Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE‐1919 route de Mende F‐34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5 France
| | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona 1041 East Lowell, Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- The Santa Fe Institute University of Arizona 1399 Hyde Park Road Santa FeNM 87501 USA
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13
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Lamanna C, Blonder B, Violle C, Kraft NJB, Sandel B, Šímová I, Donoghue JC, Svenning JC, McGill BJ, Boyle B, Buzzard V, Dolins S, Jørgensen PM, Marcuse-Kubitza A, Morueta-Holme N, Peet RK, Piel WH, Regetz J, Schildhauer M, Spencer N, Thiers B, Wiser SK, Enquist BJ. Functional trait space and the latitudinal diversity gradient. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13745-50. [PMID: 25225365 PMCID: PMC4183280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317722111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes causing the latitudinal gradient in species richness remain elusive. Ecological theories for the origin of biodiversity gradients, such as competitive exclusion, neutral dynamics, and environmental filtering, make predictions for how functional diversity should vary at the alpha (within local assemblages), beta (among assemblages), and gamma (regional pool) scales. We test these predictions by quantifying hypervolumes constructed from functional traits representing major axes of plant strategy variation (specific leaf area, plant height, and seed mass) in tree assemblages spanning the temperate and tropical New World. Alpha-scale trait volume decreases with absolute latitude and is often lower than sampling expectation, consistent with environmental filtering theory. Beta-scale overlap decays with geographic distance fastest in the temperate zone, again consistent with environmental filtering theory. In contrast, gamma-scale trait space shows a hump-shaped relationship with absolute latitude, consistent with no theory. Furthermore, the overall temperate trait hypervolume was larger than the overall tropical hypervolume, indicating that the temperate zone permits a wider range of trait combinations or that niche packing is stronger in the tropical zone. Although there are limitations in the data, our analyses suggest that multiple processes have shaped trait diversity in trees, reflecting no consistent support for any one theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Copenhagen University, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-École Pratique des Hautes Études, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Brody Sandel
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience and Center for Massive Data Algorithmics, Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irena Šímová
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University in Prague and Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 110 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - John C Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; iPlant Collaborative, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | | | - Brian J McGill
- Sustainability Solutions Initiative and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; iPlant Collaborative, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Steven Dolins
- Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625
| | | | - Aaron Marcuse-Kubitza
- iPlant Collaborative, Tucson, AZ 85721; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Naia Morueta-Holme
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience and
| | - Robert K Peet
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - James Regetz
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Mark Schildhauer
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | | | | | | | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; iPlant Collaborative, Tucson, AZ 85721; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
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14
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Edwards T, Cox EC, Buzzard V, Wiese C, Hillard LS, Murphy RW. Genetic assessments and parentage analysis of captive Bolson tortoises (Gopherus flavomarginatus) inform their "rewilding" in New Mexico. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102787. [PMID: 25029369 PMCID: PMC4100913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bolson tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus) is the first species of extirpated megafauna to be repatriated into the United States. In September 2006, 30 individuals were translocated from Arizona to New Mexico with the long-term objective of restoring wild populations via captive propagation. We evaluated mtDNA sequences and allelic diversity among 11 microsatellite loci from the captive population and archived samples collected from wild individuals in Durango, Mexico (n = 28). Both populations exhibited very low genetic diversity and the captive population captured roughly 97.5% of the total wild diversity, making it a promising founder population. Genetic screening of other captive animals (n = 26) potentially suitable for reintroduction uncovered multiple hybrid G. flavomarginatus×G. polyphemus, which were ineligible for repatriation; only three of these individuals were verified as purebred G. flavomarginatus. We used these genetic data to inform mate pairing, reduce the potential for inbreeding and to monitor the maintenance of genetic diversity in the captive population. After six years of successful propagation, we analyzed the parentage of 241 hatchlings to assess the maintenance of genetic diversity. Not all adults contributed equally to successive generations. Most yearly cohorts of hatchlings failed to capture the diversity of the parental population. However, overlapping generations of tortoises helped to alleviate genetic loss because the entire six-year cohort of hatchlings contained the allelic diversity of the parental population. Polyandry and sperm storage occurred in the captives and future management strategies must consider such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Edwards
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth Canty Cox
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Buzzard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Christiane Wiese
- Turner Endangered Species Fund, Ladder Ranch, Caballo, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - L. Scott Hillard
- Turner Endangered Species Fund, Ladder Ranch, Caballo, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Blonder B, Buzzard V, Simova I, Sloat L, Boyle B, Lipson R, Aguilar-Beaucage B, Andrade A, Barber B, Barnes C, Bushey D, Cartagena P, Chaney M, Contreras K, Cox M, Cueto M, Curtis C, Fisher M, Furst L, Gallegos J, Hall R, Hauschild A, Jerez A, Jones N, Klucas A, Kono A, Lamb M, Matthai JDR, McIntyre C, McKenna J, Mosier N, Navabi M, Ochoa A, Pace L, Plassmann R, Richter R, Russakoff B, Aubyn HS, Stagg R, Sterner M, Stewart E, Thompson TT, Thornton J, Trujillo PJ, Volpe TJ, Enquist BJ. The leaf-area shrinkage effect can bias paleoclimate and ecology research. Am J Bot 2012; 99:1756-63. [PMID: 23132615 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Leaf area is a key trait that links plant form, function, and environment. Measures of leaf area can be biased because leaf area is often estimated from dried or fossilized specimens that have shrunk by an unknown amount. We tested the common assumption that this shrinkage is negligible. METHODS We measured shrinkage by comparing dry and fresh leaf area in 3401 leaves of 380 temperate and tropical species and used phylogenetic and trait-based approaches to determine predictors of this shrinkage. We also tested the effects of rehydration and simulated fossilization on shrinkage in four species. KEY RESULTS We found that dried leaves shrink in area by an average of 22% and a maximum of 82%. Shrinkage in dried leaves can be predicted by multiple morphological traits with a standard deviation of 7.8%. We also found that mud burial, a proxy for compression fossilization, caused negligible shrinkage, and that rehydration, a potential treatment of dried herbarium specimens, eliminated shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the amount of shrinkage is driven by variation in leaf area, leaf thickness, evergreenness, and woodiness and can be reversed by rehydration. The amount of shrinkage may also be a useful trait related to ecologically and physiological differences in drought tolerance and plant life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Blonder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210088, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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