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Acuña K, Sapahia R, Jiménez IN, Antonietti M, Anzola I, Cruz M, García MT, Krishnan V, Leveille LA, Resch MD, Galor A, Habash R, DeBuc DC. Functional Near-Infrared Spectrometry as a Useful Diagnostic Tool for Understanding the Visual System: A Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:282. [PMID: 38202288 PMCID: PMC10779649 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the role of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in advancing our understanding of the visual system. Beginning with an introduction to fNIRS, we delve into its historical development, highlighting how this technology has evolved over time. The core of the review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of fNIRS, offering a balanced view of its capabilities and limitations in research and clinical settings. We extend our discussion to the diverse applications of fNIRS beyond its traditional use, emphasizing its versatility across various fields. In the context of the visual system, this review provides an in-depth analysis of how fNIRS contributes to our understanding of eye function, including eye diseases. We discuss the intricacies of the visual cortex, how it responds to visual stimuli and the implications of these findings in both health and disease. A unique aspect of this review is the exploration of the intersection between fNIRS, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI). We discuss how these cutting-edge technologies are synergizing with fNIRS to open new frontiers in visual system research. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, envisioning the future of fNIRS in a rapidly evolving technological landscape and its potential to revolutionize our approach to studying and understanding the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Acuña
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Rishav Sapahia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Irene Newman Jiménez
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Arts & Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Michael Antonietti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Ignacio Anzola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Marvin Cruz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Michael T. García
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Varun Krishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Lynn A. Leveille
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Miklós D. Resch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Anat Galor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Ranya Habash
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Delia Cabrera DeBuc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (R.S.); (M.A.); (M.T.G.); (V.K.); (L.A.L.); (A.G.)
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Krishnan V, Meehan S, Hayter C, Bhattacharya SK. Analyses and Localization of Serotonin and L-DOPA in Ocular Tissues by Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:157-168. [PMID: 36152160 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for visualization of the spatial distribution of proteins, lipids, and other metabolites in a targeted or untargeted approach. The identification of compounds through mass spectrometry combined with the mapping of compound distribution in the sample establishes IMS as a powerful tool for metabolomics. IMS analysis for serotonin will allow researchers to pinpoint areas of deficiencies or accumulations associated with ocular disorders such as serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor optic neuropathy. Furthermore, L-DOPA has shown great promise as a therapeutic approach for disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, and IMS allows for localization, and relative magnitudes, of L-DOPA in the eye. We describe here an end-to-end approach of IMS from sample preparation to data analysis for serotonin and L-DOPA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Krishnan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sean Meehan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Colin Hayter
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sanjoy K Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Miami, FL, USA.
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Krishnan V, Elayedatt R, Hausman-Kedem M, Krajden Haratz K. Prenatal diagnosis of multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:836-839. [PMID: 35107191 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- Division of Fetal Medicine & Perinatology, Amrita Centre of Excellence in Fetal Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - R Elayedatt
- Division of Fetal Medicine & Perinatology, Amrita Centre of Excellence in Fetal Care, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - M Hausman-Kedem
- Pediatric Neurology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Krajden Haratz
- Ultrasound in ObGyn Unit, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Krishnan V, Prakash M, Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kapoor PM. Transesophageal Echocardiography in Bentall Surgery: Hope or Hype? Journal of Cardiac Critical Care TSS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA 57-year-old male patient who is a known case of hypertension well controlled on ramipril presented with a history of shortness of breath and palpitation of 3 months duration. The symptoms were insidious in onset; however, it progressed rapidly over the period of 3 months, wherein at present the patient feels breathless in performing normal daily activities of living making him New York Heart Association class III patient. Palpitations are regular in nature and present throughout the time and are exacerbated on performing even light activities within his house. There was associated swelling of bilateral lower limbs that usually improved after a night's rest; however, it was not completely resolved. The individual did not give any history of chest pain, presyncope, syncope, or any other symptoms that pointed toward a cardiac condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Krishnan
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Prakash
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Malhotra
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Malhotra Kapoor
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hajirawala LN, Krishnan V, Leonardi C, Bevier-Rawls ER, Orangio GR, Davis KG, Klinger AL, Barton JS. Minimally Invasive Surgery is Associated with Improved Outcomes Following Urgent Inpatient Colectomy. JSLS 2022; 26:JSLS.2021.00075. [PMID: 35281708 PMCID: PMC8896814 DOI: 10.4293/jsls.2021.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of minimally invasive techniques for urgent colectomies remains understudied. This study compares short-term outcomes following urgent minimally invasive colectomies to those following open colectomies. Methods & Procedures The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) colectomy database was queried between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018. Patients who underwent elective and emergency colectomies, based on the respective NSQIP variables, were excluded. The remaining patients were divided into two groups, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and open. MIS colectomies with unplanned conversion to open were included in the MIS group. Baseline characteristics and 30-day outcomes were compared using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Results A total of 29,345 patients were included in the study; 12,721 (43.3%) underwent MIS colectomy, while 16,624 (56.7%) underwent open colectomy. Patients undergoing MIS colectomy were younger (60.6 vs 63.8 years) and had a lower prevalence of either American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) IV (9.9 vs 15.5%) or ASA V (0.08% vs 2%). After multivariable analysis, MIS colectomy was associated with lower odds of mortality (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.61, 0.91 95% confidence interval), and most short-term complications recorded in the ACS NSQIP. While MIS colectomies took longer to perform (161 vs 140 min), the length of stay was shorter (12.2 vs 14.1 days). Conclusions MIS colectomy affords better short-term complication rates and a reduced length of stay compared to open colectomy for patients requiring urgent surgery. If feasible, minimally invasive colectomy should be offered to patients necessitating urgent colon resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luv N Hajirawala
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Varun Krishnan
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Claudia Leonardi
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elyse R Bevier-Rawls
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guy R Orangio
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kurt G Davis
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron L Klinger
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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De Vlam K, Gallo G, Mease PJ, Rahman P, Krishnan V, Sandoval D, Lin CY, Bolce R, Conaghan PG. POS0901 IXEKIZUMAB SHOWS A DISTINCT PATTERN OF PAIN IMPROVEMENT BEYOND INFLAMMATION IN RADIOGRAPHIC AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:The efficacy of ixekizumab (IXE) in biologic-naïve patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) has been previously presented using traditional axSpA outcome measures, such as BASDAI and ASAS.Objectives:In patients with active r-axSpA, to assess the analgesic efficacy of IXE as it relates to patient-reported and objective measures of inflammation.Methods:The Phase III COAST-V (NCT02696785) multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled and active reference arm with adalimumab (ADA) trial investigated the efficacy of IXE in 341 patients (pts) with active r-axSpA for 52 weeks (W). Pts were initially randomized to IXEQ4W, IXEQ2W, PBO, and ADAQ2W. At W16, pts assigned to PBO and ADA were re-randomized to IXEQ2W or Q4W. Changes in spinal pain at night (SP-N) and spinal pain were measured at each study visit and analysed while controlling for CRP levels or mean of BASDAI questions 5 & 6 (Q5: Duration and Q6: Intensity of morning stiffness). Observed data analyses are presented for each group stratified by treatment arm and compared to PBO. In the initial analysis, pts were categorized into 2 sub-groups defined as “Sustained” and “Fluctuating” depending on: CRP <5 mg/L W4-16 vs. CRP ≥5 mg/L at any point beyond W4 between weeks 4-16 respectively. In a second analysis, pts were categorized based on BASDAI Q5/6 improvement: “Sustained” if ≥2-pt improvement W12-16 vs. “Fluctuating” if <2-pt improvement at any point beyond W12 between W12-16.Results:Between W0 and W16, pts treated (tx) with IXEQ4W experienced greater reduction in SP-N than pts tx with ADA, in both CRP sustained and fluctuating groups (Fig 1a). Pts in the IXEQ4W and ADA arms showed different trajectories of pain improvement in the CRP fluctuating groups. For the pts with a fluctuating CRP ≥5 mg/L, pts in IXEQ4W arm demonstrated a greater reduction in SP-N compared to pts in PBO arm (p < .001) at W16, whereas pts in ADA arm did not experience a reduction in SP-N compared to PBO (p = .416). For the pts with a sustained CRP <5mg/L, IXEQ4W and ADA treatments both significantly demonstrated reduction in SP-N compared to PBO at W16 (IXEQ4W: p = .002; ADA: p = .02), with IXEQ4W treatment showing a greater level of reduction (Fig 1a). The pts randomized to ADA and re-randomized to IXEQ2W or Q4W (ADA/IXE) experienced further improvement in SP-N. This effect was sustained over the 52-wk period (Fig 1b). The same pattern of improvement in SP-N was observed when controlling for the BASDAI Q5/6; the SP-N improvement was greater in pts with a sustained BASDAI Q5/6 compared to pts with a fluctuating BASDAI Q5/6, regardless of treatment (Table 1). In the fluctuating BASDAI Q5/6, for pts in ADA/IXE arm, further reduction of both spinal pain and SP-N were observed (Table 1).Table 1.Change in Pain Outcome at baseline, week 16 and week 52 by Inflammation Status as assessed by BASDAI or CRP levels for patients receiving placebo (PBO), adalimumab (ADA), and ixekizumab every 4 weeks (IXE Q4W)Change from baselinePBOADAIXEQ4WbaselineWeek 16(as observed)Week 52PBO/IXE(as observed)baselineWeek 16(as observed)Week 52ADA/IXE(as observed)baselineWeek 16(as observed)Week 52(as observed)Spinal painBASDAI Q5/6 sustained7.54-3.33-4.657.21-4.07-4.57.4-4.52-4.94BASDAI Q5/6 fluctuating7.37-1.32-2.826.76-1.2-2.246.97-1.3-2.52CRP sustained7-1.53-1.936.83-2.9-3.67.23-3.57-4.21CRP fluctuating7.51-1.96-3.637.28-2-2.897.24-2.91-3.93Spinal pain at nightBASDAI Q5/6 sustained7.12-3.21-4.617.26-4.63-4.927.12-4.73-4.91BASDAI Q5/6 fluctuating7.05-1.15-2.886.6-1.2-2.497.03-2.17-2.92CRP sustained7.2-1.87-2.276.76-3.2-3.856.89-3.8-4.12CRP fluctuating7.04-1.69-3.67.24-2.21-3.397.35-3.68-4.38Conclusion:IXE reduced SP-N and spinal pain irrespective of CRP or morning stiffness. Additionally, pts treated with ADA re-randomized to IXE experienced a further reduction in SP-N and spinal pain. Collectively, these results support the additive benefits of IXE in reducing pain above measurable effects on inflammation.Acknowledgements:The authors would like to thank Eglantine Julle-Daniere for writing and editorial contributionsDisclosure of Interests:Kurt de Vlam Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Paid instructor for: Celgene, Amgen, Consultant of: Elil Lillyn Novartis, UCB, Galapagos, Sandoz, Pfizer, Grant/research support from: Celgene, Gaia Gallo Shareholder of: Eli Lilly, Employee of: Eli Lilly, Philip J Mease Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun, UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun, UCB, Proton Rahman Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Grant/research support from: Janssen, Novartis, Venkatesh Krishnan Shareholder of: Eli Lilly, Employee of: Eli Lilly, David Sandoval Shareholder of: Eli Lilly, Employee of: Eli Lilly, Chen-Yen Lin Shareholder of: Eli Lilly, Employee of: Eli Lilly, Rebecca Bolce Shareholder of: Eli Lilly, Employee of: Eli Lilly, Philip G Conaghan Consultant of: personal fees from: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, BMS, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Flexion Therapeutics, Galapagos, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer
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Vishalkumar P, Jayaprakash NS, Desai PK, Krishnan V, Vijayalakshmi MA. Evaluation of anti-histidine-rich protein 2 monoclonal antibodies, developed by using poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) as an adjuvant for malarial diagnostic application. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:1050-1061. [PMID: 33612757 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.4.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity and the stability of the monoclonal antibodies (Aa3c10, b10c1), against truncated Histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2), developed using smart polymer, poly N-isopropylacrylamide, as adjuvant for malarial diagnostic applications in comparison with the available commercial antibodies. METHODS Two hybridoma clones (Aa3c10, b10c1) were used for the production of ascites in BALB/c mice. Purification of monoclonal antibodies from the ascites was carried out using affinity columns. The thermal stability study of monoclonal antibodies was done by storing it at 37°C and 45°C for thirty days. The stored antibodies were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and flow-through device where the antigenantibody interaction was visualized by Protein A colloidal gold solution. Sensitivity was determined by endpoint dilution ELISA and the dissociation constant by competitive ELISA. Sensitive pair optimization was done by sandwich ELISA using biotinylated antibodies. Prototype preparation for lateral flow assay had a colloidal gold-based detection system. RESULTS Thermal stability experiments showed that both mAbs (Aa3c10; b10c1) are stable up to thirty days at 45°C while the commercially available mAbs were stable up to fifteen days only. Compared to commercial antibodies, the mAb Aa3c10, showed the highest sensitivity in end-point titre. In sensitive pair optimization, it was observed that the mAb, b10c1, as a detector and the mAb, Aa3c10, as a capture antibody showed the highest absorbance to detect 50pg/ml PfHRP2 antigen. The prototype formulation of lateral flow assay using the mAbs (Aa3c10; b10c1) showed good reactivity with WHO panel and no false-positive results were observed with twenty clinically negative samples and five P. vivax positive samples. CONCLUSIONS The novel monoclonal antibodies (Aa3c10, b10c1) against truncated PfHRP2, could be a strong potential candidates that can be included in making RDTs with better sensitivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vishalkumar
- Arkray Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 336, 338, 340, Rd Number 30, Sachin 394230, Surat, India
| | - N S Jayaprakash
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Desai
- Arkray Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Plot No. 336, 338, 340, Rd Number 30, Sachin 394230, Surat, India
| | - V Krishnan
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Krishnan V, Thanigaiarasu L, Overzier M, Aartsma-Rus A, Bogdanik L, Lutz C, Larcher T, Guiner CL, Grounds M. DMD – BIOMARKERS & OUTCOME MEASURES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pratap S, Megta AK, Krishnan V. Sortases from a Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: Cloning, Expression, Purification, Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Diffraction Study. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774519070162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ranev D, Krishnan V, Filicori F, Pandorf M, Fernandes JD, Teixeira J. A137 Revisional bariatric surgery to treat recurrent diabetes and pre-diabetes – positive metabolic effect in 60 patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Da Silva-Candal A, Brown T, Krishnan V, Lopez-Loureiro I, Ávila-Gómez P, Pusuluri A, Pérez-Díaz A, Correa-Paz C, Hervella P, Castillo J, Mitragotri S, Campos F. Shape effect in active targeting of nanoparticles to inflamed cerebral endothelium under static and flow conditions. J Control Release 2019; 309:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Alvi HM, Thompson RM, Krishnan V, Kwasny MJ, Beal MD, Manning DW. Time-to-Surgery for Definitive Fixation of Hip Fractures: A Look at Outcomes Based Upon Delay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47. [PMID: 30296323 DOI: 10.12788/ajo.2018.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality after hip fracture in the elderly are influenced by non-modifiable comorbidities. Time-to-surgery is a modifiable factor that may play a role in postoperative morbidity. This study investigates the outcomes and complications in the elderly hip fracture surgery as a function of time-to-surgery. Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data from 2011 to 2012, a study population was generated using the Current Procedural Terminology codes for percutaneous or open treatment of femoral neck fractures (27235, 27236) and fixation with a screw and side plate or intramedullary fixation (27244, 27245) for peritrochanteric fractures. Three time-to-surgery groups (<24 hours to surgical intervention, 24-48 hours, and >48 hours) were created and matched for surgery type, sex, age, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class. Time-to-surgery was then studied for its effect on the post-surgical outcomes using the adjusted regression modeling. A study population of 6036 hip fractures was created, and 2012 patients were assigned to each matched time-to-surgery group. The unadjusted models showed that the earlier surgical intervention groups (<24 hours and 24-48 hours) exhibited a lower overall complication rate (P = .034) compared with the group waiting for surgery >48 hours. The unadjusted mortality rates increased with delay to surgical intervention (P = .039). Time-to-surgery caused no effect on the return to the operating room rate (P = .554) nor readmission rate (P = .285). Compared with other time-to-surgeries, the time-to-surgery of >48 hours was associated with prolonged total hospital length of stay (10.9 days) (P < .001) and a longer surgery-to-discharge time (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 0.69-0.79) (P < .001). Adjusted analyses showed no time-to-surgery related difference in complications (P = .143) but presented an increase in the total length of stay (P < .001) and surgery-to-discharge time (P < .001). Timeliness of surgical intervention in a comorbidity-adjusted population of elderly hip fracture patients causes no effect on the overall complications, readmissions, nor 30-day mortality. However, time-to-surgery of >48 hours is associated with costly increase in the total length of stay, including an increased post-surgery-to-discharge time.
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Krishnan V, Roslin MS. Conversions of Gastric Restrictive Procedures to Single Anastomosis Duodenal Switch (SADS/SIPS). Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Krishnan V, Godwin A, Hutchings K, Teixeira JA. The Impact of Revision Bariatric Surgery on Comorbidities. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Ayad T, Stephenson K, A L Smit D, Ben-Ari O, Késmárszky R, Lechien JR, Sobol S, Meller C, Sargi Z, Maunsell R, De Siati RD, Jia H, Krishnan V, North H, Eter EG, Metwaly O, Peer S, Teissier N, Sowerby L, Hong P, Fakhry N. Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS) committees. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 135:S61-S65. [PMID: 30174261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ayad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| | - K Stephenson
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D A L Smit
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O Ben-Ari
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - J R Lechien
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles, Site Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Sobol
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Meller
- Prince of Wales and Sydney Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Z Sargi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Fl, USA
| | - R Maunsell
- Setor de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica, FCM-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R D De Siati
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Jia
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - V Krishnan
- Madras ENT Research Foundation, Raja Annamalaipuram, Chennai, India
| | - H North
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - E G Eter
- Saint joseph University, School of Medecine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - O Metwaly
- Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Peer
- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - L Sowerby
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Western University, London, Canada
| | - P Hong
- IWK Health Centre, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - N Fakhry
- Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
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Mageshwaran V, Sharma V, Chinnkar M, Parvez N, Krishnan V. Biodegradation of Gossypol by Mixed Fungal Cultures in Minimal Medium. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Priya L, Vignesh V, Krishnan V, Ajeesh RP. Design and development of a smart knee pain relief pad based on vibration and alternate heating and cooling treatments. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:543-551. [PMID: 29630572 DOI: 10.3233/thc-181213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Knee pain is one of the main health issues faced by different people in different parts of the world. Over one fourth of the people above the age of fifty suffer from knee pain. Though there are several physiotherapy treatments for treating knee pain they are not self-applicable and those which are self-applicable by the patient are not highly efficient. This paper deals with an approach towards the use of combining two effective physiotherapy treatments which include vibrations at acupressure points on knee and alternate heating and cooling treatments. These treatments are controlled by a smart phone in which the user can choose their setting depending on intensity and places of pain. The knee pad controlled using the smart phone serves as a self-applicable and effective knee pain treatment especially for the elderly. Heating and cooling combination therapy will be a suitable alternative for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, decreases muscle spasms, muscular pain/tension and also increases the speed of nerve conduction, thus improving range of motion. This methodology also helps to relieve the sinusitis pain, chronic low back pain and muscular sprain in athletes.
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18
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Krishnan V, Patel NJ, Mackrell JG, Sweetana SA, Bullock H, Ma YL, Waterhouse TH, Yaden BC, Henck J, Zeng QQ, Gavardinas K, Jadhav P, Saeed A, Garcia-Losada P, Robins DA, Benson CT. Development of a selective androgen receptor modulator for transdermal use in hypogonadal patients. Andrology 2018. [PMID: 29527831 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), termed LY305, that is bioavailable through a transdermal route of administration while highly cleared via hepatic metabolism to limit parent compound exposure in the liver. Selection of this compound and its transdermal formulation was based on the optimization of skin absorption properties using both in vitro and in vivo skin models that supported PBPK modeling for human PK predictions. This molecule is an agonist in perineal muscle while being a weak partial agonist in the androgenic tissues such as prostate. When LY305 was tested in animal models of skeletal atrophy it restored the skeletal muscle mass through accelerated repair. In a bone fracture model, LY305 remained osteoprotective in the regenerating tissue and void of deleterious effects. Finally, in a small cohort of healthy volunteers, we assessed the safety and tolerability of LY305 when administered transdermally. LY305 showed a dose-dependent increase in serum exposure and was well tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Notably, there were no statistically significant changes to hematocrit or HDL after 4-week treatment period. Collectively, LY305 represents a first of its kind de novo development of a non-steroidal transdermal SARM with unique properties which could find clinical utility in hypogonadal men.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N J Patel
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J G Mackrell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S A Sweetana
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Bullock
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Y L Ma
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T H Waterhouse
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - B C Yaden
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Henck
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Q Q Zeng
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K Gavardinas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - P Jadhav
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A Saeed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - P Garcia-Losada
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D A Robins
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - C T Benson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Bhasin S, Travison TG, O'Brien L, MacKrell J, Krishnan V, Ouyang H, Pencina K, Basaria S. Contributors to the substantial variation in on-treatment testosterone levels in men receiving transdermal testosterone gels in randomized trials. Andrology 2017; 6:151-157. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - T. G. Travison
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - L. O'Brien
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | | | - H. Ouyang
- Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - K. Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - S. Basaria
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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20
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Krishnan V, Teixeira J. The Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Stenting in the Management of Leaks: A Longitudinal Evaluation. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Mitra V, Hu M, Majumdar D, Krishnan V, Chaudhury B, Hancock J, Dwarakanath D. Safety and efficacy of self-expandable metal stents for obstructive proximal and distal large bowel cancer. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2017; 47:30-34. [PMID: 28569279 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-expandable metal stents are often used to treat obstructive large bowel cancers. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of colonic stent insertion carried out in a district general hospital. Methods A retrospective review was carried out between 1 January 2007 and 28 February 2014 to identify patients who underwent stent insertion for malignant colorectal obstruction. Results Seventy-five patients (median age 75.2 years, 70.6% male) with primary colorectal cancer underwent stent insertion - 53 underwent semi-elective self-expanded metal stent insertion (for subacute bowel obstruction) and 22 had emergency stent inserted (for acute bowel obstruction). The majority (88%) had self-expanded metal stents inserted for palliation. Technical and clinical success rates were 98.7% and 91.2%, respectively. One patient had stent-related perforation; there was no procedure-related mortality. Conclusion This study shows that self-expanded metal stent insertion in malignant colorectal obstruction is safe and effective and can be successfully delivered in a district general hospital with high technical and clinical success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mitra
- V Mitra, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Rd, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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22
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Reddy NL, Kumar S, Krishnan V, Sathish M, Shankar M. Multifunctional Cu/Ag quantum dots on TiO 2 nanotubes as highly efficient photocatalysts for enhanced solar hydrogen evolution. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- Department of Orthodontics; Sri Sankara Dental College; Varkala Trivandrum Kerala India
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24
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Palacio L, Krishnan V, Le NLO, Sharpless NE, Beauséjour CM. Sustained p16 INK4a expression is required to prevent IR-induced tumorigenesis in mice. Oncogene 2016; 36:1309-1314. [PMID: 27568978 PMCID: PMC5336385 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of murine and human tissues to ionizing radiation (IR) induces the expression of p16INK4a, a tumor suppressor gene and senescence/aging biomarker. Increased p16INK4a expression is often delayed several weeks post exposure to IR. In this context, it remains unclear if it occurs to suppress aberrant cellular growth of potentially transformed cells or is simply a result of IR-induced loss of tissue homeostasis. To address this question, we used a conditional p16INK4a null mouse model and determined the impact of p16INK4a inactivation long-term post exposure to IR. We found that, in vitro, bone marrow stromal cells exposed to IR enter DNA replication following p16INK4a inactivation. However, these cells did not resume growth; instead, they mostly underwent cell cycle arrest in G2. Similarly, delayed inactivation of p16INK4a in mice several weeks post exposure to IR resulted in increased BrdU incorporation and cancer incidence. In fact, we found that the onset of tumorigenesis was similar whether p16INK4a was inactivated before or after exposure to IR. Overall, our results suggest that IR-induced p16INK4a dependent growth arrest is reversible in mice and that sustained p16INK4a expression is necessary to protect against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Palacio
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - V Krishnan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - N L O Le
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - N E Sharpless
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C M Beauséjour
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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25
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Krishnan V, Rinker-Schaeffer C, Dorigo O. Omental macrophages: Drivers of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Krishnan V, Thirunavukkarasu J. Assessment of Knowledge of Self Blood Glucose Monitoring and Extent of Self Titration of Anti-Diabetic Drugs among Diabetes Mellitus Patients - A Cross Sectional, Community Based Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FC09-11. [PMID: 27134888 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18387.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self blood glucose monitoring is an important context of self care in the management of diabetes mellitus. All the guidelines must be followed while performing self blood glucose monitoring and tracking of values is essential to facilitate the physician while titrating the drugs and /or doses of anti diabetes medication. Self titration by patients following self monitoring must be discouraged. AIM To assess the knowledge and practice of self blood glucose monitoring among diabetes patients and extent of self titration of anti diabetes medicines among diabetes patients based on self blood glucose monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pilot, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a validated questionnaire among adult male and female diabetes patients performing self blood glucose monitoring at home. Diabetes patients with complications and juvenile diabetes patients were excluded. RESULTS Out of 153 patients surveyed, only 37 (24.1%) (20 males, 17 females) patients were aware and have been following self blood glucose monitoring appropriately. About 116 (75.8%) (64 males, 52 females) of patients were devoid of adequate knowledge and did not practice self blood glucose monitoring in a proper way. Ninety eight (64.05%) accepted that they self titrate their anti diabetic medicines based on self monitoring. CONCLUSION Self monitoring of blood glucose should be encouraged and patients should be taught importance of following correct steps and tracking of self monitoring by physician or diabetes educator.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College , Chennai, India
| | - J Thirunavukkarasu
- Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College , Chennai, India
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27
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Reddy KL, Rai M, Prabhakar N, Arppe R, Rai SB, Singh SK, Rosenholm JM, Krishnan V. Controlled synthesis, bioimaging and toxicity assessments in strong red emitting Mn2+ doped NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ nanophosphors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare earth, Yb3+/Ho3+ doped NaYF4 nanophosphors co-doped with Mn2+ showed enhanced red emission under NIR irradiation and were successfully used for cancer cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Reddy
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi
- India
| | - M. Rai
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - N. Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - R. Arppe
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Turku
- Turku
- Finland
| | - S. B. Rai
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi
- India
| | - S. K. Singh
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi
- India
| | - J. M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering
- Åbo Akademi University
- Turku
- Finland
| | - V. Krishnan
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi
- India
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28
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Luke R, Khan SN, Iqbal PS, Soman RR, Chakkarayan J, Krishnan V. Estimation of Specific Salivary Enzymatic Biomarkers in Individuals with Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical and Biochemical Study. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:54-7. [PMID: 26435618 PMCID: PMC4589720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host response to periodontal disease includes the release of different enzymes from stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. The enzymes which are produced from these cells are associated with cell injury and cell death like: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Normal enzymatic activity of these enzymes is necessary for healthy functioning of gingiva and periodontium. The aim of the study is to estimate the levels of enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and BUN and to correlate the level of estimated enzymes with that of clinical parameters in the saliva of Healthy subjects, Gingivitis patients and patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS The study included a total of 40 male subjects within the age group of 21 to 50 years, and examined the activity of enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and BUN in saliva spectrophotometrically and compared their values between healthy subjects, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients. Clinical parameters like OHI - S (Oral hygiene index - Simplified, SBI (Sulcus Bleeding Index), PPD (Probing Pocket Depth), CAL (Clinical Attachment Level), and PI (Periodontal Index) were recorded. RESULTS Obtained results showed statistically significant increases of activity of AST, ALT, ALP, and BUN in saliva from patients with periodontal disease (p<0.001) in relation to gingivitis and control groups. There was also an increase in periodontal parameters with an increase in salivary enzymes. CONCLUSION The present study shows that the salivary enzyme activity can be used as biomarkers to determine periodontal tissue damage, which may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of post therapy effects in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roji Luke
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Kerala, India,Correspondence: Dr. Luke R. Mallel Bunglow, Kurumpakara P.O, Pathanamthitta- 691 523, Kerala, India. Phone: +91-9946199658.
| | - S Nubesh Khan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sri Sankara Dental College, Varkala, Kerala, India
| | - P Safar Iqbal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Malabar Dental College, Edappal, Kerala, India
| | - Rino Roopak Soman
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Jithesh Chakkarayan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - V Krishnan
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College & Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alvi HM, Mednick RE, Krishnan V, Kwasny MJ, Beal MD, Manning DW. The Effect of BMI on 30 Day Outcomes Following Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2015; 30:1113-7. [PMID: 25683294 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) are safe, effective procedures with reliable, reproducible outcomes. We aim to investigate obesity's effect on complications following arthroplasty surgery. Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, 13,250 subjects were stratified into 5 groups based on BMI and matched for gender, age, surgery type and ASA class. Matched, multivariable generalized linear models adjusting for demographics and comorbidities demonstrated an association between elevated BMI and overall (P<0.001), medical (P=0.005), surgical complications (P<0.001), including superficial (P=0.019) and deep wound infection (P=0.040), return to OR (P=0.016) and time from OR to discharge (P=0.003). Elevated BMI increases risk for post-operative complications following total joint arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasham M Alvi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachel E Mednick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Varun Krishnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary J Kwasny
- Biostatistics Collaboration Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew D Beal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David W Manning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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30
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Gilkey MJ, Krishnan V, Scheetz L, Jia X, Rajasekaran AK, Dhurjati PS. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Fluorescently Labeled Block Copolymer Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery in Leukemia Therapy. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26225236 PMCID: PMC4394613 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that describes the concentration and biodistribution of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles in mice used for the controlled delivery of dexamethasone in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy. The simulated data showed initial spikes in nanoparticle concentration in the liver, spleen, and kidneys, whereas concentration in plasma decreased rapidly. These simulation results were consistent with previously published in vivo data. At shorter time scales, the simulated data predicted decrease of nanoparticles from plasma with concomitant increase in the liver, spleen, and kidneys before decaying at longer timepoints. Interestingly, the simulated data predicted an unaccounted accumulation of about 50% of the injected dose of nanoparticles. Incorporation of an additional compartment into the model justified the presence of unaccounted nanoparticles in this compartment. Our results suggest that the proposed PBPK model can be an excellent tool for prediction of optimal dose of nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gilkey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - V Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA ; Nemours Biomedical Research, A I DuPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - L Scheetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - X Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA ; Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - A K Rajasekaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA ; Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA ; Lankenau Institute for Medical Research Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P S Dhurjati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark, Delaware, USA
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Colling M, Lioutas VA, Krishnan V. International Issues: Acute ischemic stroke: An international experience. Neurology 2014; 83:e174-6. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Zhu Y, Soderblom C, Krishnan V, Ashbaugh J, Bethea JR, Lee JK. Hematogenous macrophage depletion reduces the fibrotic scar and increases axonal growth after spinal cord injury. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:114-25. [PMID: 25461258 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to formation of a fibrotic scar that is inhibitory to axon regeneration. Recent evidence indicates that the fibrotic scar is formed by perivascular fibroblasts, but the mechanism by which they are recruited to the injury site is unknown. Using bone marrow transplantation in mouse model of spinal cord injury, we show that fibroblasts in the fibrotic scar are associated with hematogenous macrophages rather than microglia, which are limited to the surrounding astroglial scar. Depletion of hematogenous macrophages results in reduced fibroblast density and basal lamina formation that is associated with increased axonal growth in the fibrotic scar. Cytokine gene expression analysis after macrophage depletion indicates that decreased Tnfsf8, Tnfsf13 (tumor necrosis factor superfamily members) and increased BMP1-7 (bone morphogenetic proteins) expression may serve as anti-fibrotic mechanisms. Our study demonstrates that hematogenous macrophages are necessary for fibrotic scar formation and macrophage depletion results in changes in multiple cytokines that make the injury site less fibrotic and more conducive to axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - C Soderblom
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - V Krishnan
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - J Ashbaugh
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - J R Bethea
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - J K Lee
- University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Readmissions following total hip arthroplasty are a focus given the forthcoming financial penalties that hospitals in the United States may incur starting in 2015. The purpose of this study was to identify both preoperative comorbidities and postoperative conditions that increase the risk of readmission following total hip arthroplasty. METHODS Using the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data for 2011, a study population was identified using the Current Procedural Terminology code for primary total hip arthroplasty (27130). The sample was stratified into readmitted and non-readmitted cohorts. Demographic variables, preoperative comorbidities, laboratory values, operative characteristics, and surgical outcomes were compared between the groups using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 9441 patients, there were 345 readmissions (3.65%) within the first thirty days following surgery. Comorbidities that increased the risk for readmission were diabetes (p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001), bleeding disorders (p < 0.001), preoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.035), corticosteroid use (p < 0.001), dyspnea (p = 0.001), previous cardiac surgery (p = 0.002), and hypertension (p < 0.001). A multivariate regression model was used to control for potential confounders. Having a body mass index of ≥40 kg/m2 (odds ratio, 1.941 [95% confidence interval, 1.019 to 3.696]; p = 0.044) and using corticosteroids preoperatively (odds ratio, 2.928 [95% confidence interval, 1.731 to 4.953]; p < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher likelihood of readmission, and a high preoperative serum albumin (odds ratio, 0.688 [95% confidence interval, 0.477 to 0.992]; p = 0.045) was independently associated with a lower risk for readmission. Postoperative surgical site infection, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and sepsis (p < 0.001) were also independent risk factors for readmission. CONCLUSIONS The risk of readmission following total hip arthroplasty increases with growing preoperative comorbidity burden, and is specifically increased in patients with a body mass index of ≥40 kg/m2, a history of corticosteroid use, and low preoperative serum albumin and in patients with postoperative surgical site infection, a thromboembolic event, and sepsis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Mednick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for H.M. Alvi:
| | - Hasham M Alvi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for H.M. Alvi:
| | - Varun Krishnan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for H.M. Alvi:
| | - Francis Lovecchio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for H.M. Alvi:
| | - David W Manning
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair, Suite 1350, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail address for H.M. Alvi:
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Krishnan V, Krishna Moorthy TV, Ramakrishna J. Pressure Dependence of Chlorine NQR in Strontium Chlorate and Barium Chlorate Monohydrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/zna-1986-1-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pressure dependence of the 35Cl-NQR frequencies in barium chlorate monohydrate and strontium chlorate, has been investigated up to 7000 kg cm-2. Ba(ClO3)2 · H2O shows a single 35Cl-NQR line at 29.337 MHz (T = 297 K, p = 1 bar). ν(35Cl) increases linearly with pressure in the range studied, with (1/ν )(∂ν/∂p)T = + 0.409 x 10-6 kg-1 cm2 which is much smaller than observed in NaClO3 and KCIO3. Sr(ClO3)2 also gave a single 35Cl-NQR frequency at 20.105 MHz (T = 297 K, p = 1 bar). The pressure dependence is very small and negative in this case. The data in both cases have been analysed to obtain the volume dependence of the torsional frequency. It is pointed out that explicit pressure effects on the electric field gradient have to be taken into account to provide an explanation for the observed pressure dependence of ν (35Cl).
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - J. Ramakrishna
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Fluoranil forms weak 1:1 molecular complexes with both benzene substituted and nonbenzenoid macrocyclic ethers. 19FMR shifts have been used for the evaluation of association constants. The infrared and 1HMR data of the complexes reveal relative orientations of the molecules in the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Jayathirtha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
| | - V. Krishnan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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Krishnan V, Rajasekaran AK. Clinical nanomedicine: a solution to the chemotherapy conundrum in pediatric leukemia therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 95:168-78. [PMID: 24013811 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy-based treatment of leukemia has tremendously improved survival rates in children, induction of treatment-related side effects is a major concern in clinical oncology. The development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery techniques to target clinically approved anticancer agents specifically to leukemic cells should diminish toxic side effects. This review aims to address the rational design of nanotherapeutics in treating hematologic malignancies with a focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)--the most prominent form of pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Krishnan
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [2] Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA [3] Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - A K Rajasekaran
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [2] Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA [3] Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA [4] Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Saravanan S, Kalyani C, Vijayarani M, Jayakodi P, Felix A, Nagarajan S, Arunmozhi P, Krishnan V. Prevalence of dental fluorosis among primary school children in rural areas of chidambaram taluk, cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Indian J Community Med 2013; 33:146-50. [PMID: 19876473 PMCID: PMC2763668 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.42047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fluorosis is one of the common but major emerging areas of research in the tropics. It is considered endemic in 17 states of India. However, the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu is categorised as a fluorosis non-endemic area. But clinical cases of dental fluorosis were reported in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Since dental fluorosis has been described as a biomarker of exposure to fluoride, we assessed the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis among primary school children in the service area. Materials and Methods: Children studying in six primary schools of six villages in the field practice area of Rural Health Centre of Faculty of Medicine, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, were surveyed. Every child was clinically examined at the school by calibrated examiners with Dean's fluorosis index recommended by WHO (1997). Chi-square test, Chi-square trend test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Five hundred and twenty-five 5- to 12-year-old school children (255 boys and 270 girls) were surveyed. The overall dental fluorosis prevalence was found to be 31.4% in our study sample. Dental fluorosis increased with age P < 0.001, whereas gender difference was not statistically significant. Aesthetically objectionable dental fluorosis was found in 2.1% of the sample. Villages Senjicherry, Keezhaperambai and Kanagarapattu revealed a community fluorosis index (CFI) score of 0.43, 0.54 and 0.54 with 5.6%, 4.8% and 1.4% of objectionable dental fluorosis, respectively. Correlation between water fluoride content and CFI values in four villages was noted to be positively significant. Conclusion: Three out of six villages studied were in ‘borderline’ public health significance (CFI score 0.4-0.6). A well-designed epidemiological investigation can be undertaken to evaluate the risk factors associated with the condition in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saravanan
- Division of Community Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sundar NM, Krishnan V, Krishnaraj S, Hemalatha VT, Alam MN. Comparison of the salivary and the serum nitric oxide levels in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a biochemical study. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1223-7. [PMID: 23905146 PMCID: PMC3708241 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5386.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous intercellular messenger molecule with important cardiovascular, neurological, and immune functions. In addition, it has been postulated that the pharmacological inhibition of NO or its actions may be therapeutically valuable in the disease management. The levels of nitric oxide may provide clues about the severity and the state of the underlying disease process. It could be an inflammatory biomarker that may enable clinicians to direct the environmentally based prevention or treatment programmes and to establish whether NO plays a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis or not. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the salivary and the serum levels of NO in generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis. The Study Design: Unstimulated whole saliva and serum samples were collected from a total of 60 subjects who were in the age group of 18-45 years, who participated in this study. They were divided into three equal groups with 20 subjects in each group; group A (healthy controls), group B (chronic periodontitis) and group C (aggressive periodontitis). The clinical parameters were assessed, based on the oral hygiene index simplified (OHI-S), the gingival index (GI), the probing pocket depth and the clinical attachment loss (CAL). A biochemical analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the salivary and the serum nitric oxide levels of the above groups. Statistical Analysis and Results: The statistical comparisons were done under the Griess Reaction. There were statistically significant salivary and serum levels of NO in the groups of periodontitis (group B and C) as compared to those in the healthy controls (group A). A significant positive correlation was found between the values of the salivary and the serum NO levels in chronic and aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSION Nitric oxide is a potent modulator of the inflammatory disease processes and under pathological conditions, NO has damaging effects. As there is a paucity in the studies which have compared chronic and aggressive periodontitis, this study paved an interest for combining the serum and the salivary analysis in comparing the levels of nitric oxide in chronic and aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mani Sundar
- Assistant Professor,Department of Periodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College , Chennai, India
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Suzuki H, Barros RPA, Sugiyama N, Krishnan V, Yaden BC, Kim HJ, Warner M, Gustafsson JÅ. Involvement of estrogen receptor β in maintenance of serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:674-80. [PMID: 22665260 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus in the CNS are involved in fear, anxiety and depression. Depression and anxiety occur quite frequently in postmenopausal women, but estrogen replacement to correct these CNS disorders is at present not favored because estrogen carries with it an increased risk for breast cancer. Serotonin synthesis, release and reuptake in the DR are targets of pharmaceuticals in the treatment of depression. In the present study we have examined by immunohistochemistry, the expression of two nuclear receptors, that is, the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. We found that ERβ but not ERα is strongly expressed in the DR and there is no sex difference and no change with ageing in the number of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)-positive neurons in the DR of wild-type (WT) mice. However, in ovariectomized (OVX) WT and in ERβ(-/-) mice, there was a marked reduction in the number of TPH-positive normal-looking neurons and a marked increase in TPH-positive spindle-shaped cells. These neuronal changes were prevented in mice 1-3 weeks (but not 10 weeks) after OVX by the selective ERβ agonist, LY3201, given as continuous release pellets for 3 days. The ERβ agonist had no effects on glucose homeostasis. Thus, the onset of action of the ERβ agonist is rapid but there is a limited window in time after estrogen loss when the drug is useful. We conclude that, rather than estradiol, ERβ agonists could be useful pharmaceuticals in maintaining functional DR neurons to treat postmenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Kumar R, Aggarwal A, Krishnan V, Gopinathan N, Chakraborty S. Femoroacetabular impingement and comparison of radiological indexes: a study on 50 cases. Musculoskelet Surg 2013; 97:153-8. [PMID: 23381374 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-013-0244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To study the asphericity of femoral head in femoroacetabular impingement using radiological indices such as alpha angle and triangular index, and to compare the alpha angle and triangular index measured in the radiograph and MRI. The study was conducted prospectively from January 2008 to June 2009 on 50 consecutive patients of suspected cam-type FAI hip, reporting to orthopedics outpatients department of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Radiograph of the affected hip was taken, and then alpha angle and triangular index are measured and compared. The mean alpha angle in anteroposterior view was measured as 75° ± 10°, and the mean in lateral view was 740 ± 80. In MRI the mean alpha angle was 79° ± 9°. The mean triangular index in radiograph was 2.9 ± 1.2. In MRI the mean triangular index was 2.6 ± 0.8. Frog-leg lateral view is sufficient for the diagnosis of the cam-type femoroacetabular impingement. But MRI is required in cases, where surgical intervention is planned to rule out other pathological condition and for decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Research and Education, Sector-12, Chandigarh, India.
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Sinha A, Krishnan V, Sethi T, Roy S, Ghosh B, Lodha R, Kabra S, Agrawal A. Metabolomic signatures in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of exhaled breath condensate identify asthma. Eur Respir J 2012; 39:500-2. [PMID: 22298617 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00047711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Krishnan V. Media & Book Reviews: App review: Neuro Toolkit. Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182563c58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cajigal S, Krishnan V. Seasonal Variation of Pollen and Spore Counts Does Not Influence Severity of Sleep Apnea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bali K, Sudesh P, Krishnan V, Sharma A, Manoharan SRR, Mootha AK. Modified step-cut osteotomy for post-traumatic cubitus varus: our experience with 14 children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2011; 97:741-9. [PMID: 21982699 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lateral closing wedge osteotomy is a commonly described procedure for correcting cosmetically unacceptable post-traumatic cubitus varus deformity in children. However, complications like residual deformity, lateral prominence, loss of fixation and ulnar nerve palsies commonly contribute to poor outcomes with such an osteotomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen children (11 boys and three girls) presenting a mal-united extension type supracondylar fracture of the humerus with an average age of 9.07 years (6-14 years) were operated around 3.6 years (1.5-7 years) after the injury using a modified step-cut osteotomy. The average follow-up period was 2.1 years (1-4 years). Objective assessment included measurement of preoperative and postoperative lateral prominence index, carrying angle and range of elbow motion. Results were graded excellent, good or poor as per the Oppenheim criteria. RESULTS There were eight excellent, five good and one poor result. A residual varus of more than 10° was seen in the single patient with poor result. None of the patients showed a prominent lateral humeral condyle or formation of hypertrophic scar. Our results were comparable to the published results of the classical lateral closing wedge osteotomy in terms of elbow motion and correction of deformity. CONCLUSION A modified step-cut osteotomy is a safe and simple procedure which prevents lateral prominence and leads to good or excellent outcomes in most of the patients. The step-cut osteotomy procedure, mentioned here, might be beneficial over the conventional lateral closing wedge osteotomy in certain aspects like the lateral humeral condyle prominence, scar acceptibility and cosmesis. However, the apparent aforementioned advantages of this osteotomy over the conventional lateral closing wedge osteotomy needs to be further evaluated and confirmed on the basis of large, prospective randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bali
- Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, 160012 Chandigarh, India.
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Khare B, Krishnan V, Rajashankar KR, I-Hsiu H, Xin M, Ton-That H, Narayana SV. Structural differences between the Streptococcus agalactiae housekeeping and pilus-specific sortases: SrtA and SrtC1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22995. [PMID: 21912586 PMCID: PMC3166054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of pili on the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria requires transpeptidase enzymes called sortases. In Streptococcus agalactiae, the PI-1 pilus island of strain 2603V/R encodes two pilus-specific sortases (SrtC1 and SrtC2) and three pilins (GBS80, GBS52 and GBS104). Although either pilus-specific sortase is sufficient for the polymerization of the major pilin, GBS80, incorporation of the minor pilins GBS52 and GBS104 into the pilus structure requires SrtC1 and SrtC2, respectively. The S. agalactiae housekeeping sortase, SrtA, whose gene is present at a different location and does not catalyze pilus polymerization, was shown to be involved in cell wall anchoring of pilus polymers. To understand the structural basis of sortases involved in such diverse functions, we determined the crystal structures of S. agalactiae SrtC1 and SrtA. Both enzymes are made of an eight-stranded beta-barrel core with variations in their active site architecture. SrtA exhibits a catalytic triad arrangement similar to that in Streptococcus pyogenes SrtA but different from that in Staphylococcus aureus SrtA. In contrast, the SrtC1 enzyme contains an N-terminal helical domain and a ‘lid’ in its putative active site, which is similar to that seen in Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus-specific sortases, although with subtle differences in positioning and composition. To understand the effect of such differences on substrate recognition, we have also determined the crystal structure of a SrtC1 mutant, in which the conserved DP(W/F/Y) motif was replaced with the sorting signal motif of GBS80, IPNTG. By comparing the structures of WT wild type SrtA and SrtC1 and the ‘lid’ mutant of SrtC1, we propose that structural elements within the active site and the lid may be important for defining the role of specific sortase in pili biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Khare
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - V. Krishnan
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - K. R. Rajashankar
- NE-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - H. I-Hsiu
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. Xin
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - H. Ton-That
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - S. V. Narayana
- Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Krishnan V. The Chemical Research Society of India. Chem Asian J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Taori K, Krishnan V, Sharbidre KG, Andhare A, Kulkarni BR, Bopche S, Patil V. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetal persistent urogenital sinus with congenital hydrocolpos. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:641-643. [PMID: 20549768 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of persistent urogenital sinus with hydrocolpos and associated renal anomalies diagnosed prenatally at 30 weeks' gestation. The prenatal findings were confirmed on postnatal ultrasonography and genitogram with voiding urethrogram. The imaging features and a review of the literature are discussed. The possibility of hydrometrocolpos secondary to urogenital sinus should be considered on prenatal sonography in the presence of a presacral cystic mass with clear urine or turbid contents and a fluid-debris level (cervical or vaginal secretions). Because the prognosis and neonatal management of isolated hydrocolpos (which usually resolves spontaneously) differ greatly from those of hydrocolpos associated with a cloacal malformation, it is important to diagnose prenatally any associated anomalies in order to allow optimal postnatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taori
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
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Sushma K, Satheeshkumar P, Krishnan V, Vijayalakshmi M. Recombinant anti TNF-α ScFv: A potential replacement candidate for anti-TNF-α Antibodies. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.09.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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