1
|
Su Y, Xu J, Zhu Z, Chin J, Xu L, Yu H, Nudell V, Dash B, Moya EA, Ye L, Nimmerjahn A, Sun X. Brainstem Dbh+ Neurons Control Chronic Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity. bioRxiv 2024:2023.02.04.527145. [PMID: 36778350 PMCID: PMC9915738 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.04.527145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the lung to irritants such as allergen is a primary cause of asthma characterized by exaggerated airway constriction, also called hyperreactivity, which can be life-threatening. Aside from immune cells, vagal sensory neurons are important for airway hyperreactivity 1-4 . However, the identity and signature of the downstream nodes of this adaptive circuit remains poorly understood. Here we show that a single population of Dbh + neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) of the brainstem, and downstream neurons in the nucleus ambiguous (NA), are both necessary and sufficient for chronic allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity. We found that repeated exposures of mice to inhaled allergen activates nTS neurons in a mast cell-, interleukin 4 (IL-4)-and vagal nerve-dependent manner. Single-nucleus RNA-seq of the nTS at baseline and following allergen challenges reveals that a Dbh + population is preferentially activated. Ablation or chemogenetic inactivation of Dbh + nTS neurons blunted, while chemogenetic activation promoted hyperreactivity. Viral tracing indicates that Dbh + nTS neurons, capable of producing norepinephrine, project to the NA, and NA neurons are necessary and sufficient to relay allergen signals to postganglionic neurons that then directly drive airway constriction. Focusing on transmitters, delivery of norepinephrine antagonists to the NA blunted allergen-induced hyperreactivity. Together, these findings provide molecular, anatomical and functional definitions of key nodes of a canonical allergen response circuit. The knowledge opens the possibility of targeted neural modulation as an approach to control refractory allergen-induced airway constriction.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lal NK, Le P, Aggarwal S, Zhang A, Wang K, Qi T, Pang Z, Yang D, Nudell V, Yeo GW, Banks AS, Ye L. Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking. Nature 2023; 621:138-145. [PMID: 37587337 PMCID: PMC10482681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals1. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure2, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioural and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy-conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which are primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we used whole-brain c-Fos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes under cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons selectively recapitulated food seeking under cold conditions whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch that promotes food-seeking behaviours under cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviours are mediated by a Xi-to-nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region in the control of cold-induced feeding, which is an important mechanism in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samarth Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tianbo Qi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Nudell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lal NK, Le P, Aggarwal S, Zhang A, Wang K, Qi T, Pang Z, Yang D, Nudell V, Yeo GW, Banks AS, Ye L. Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.16.533067. [PMID: 36993706 PMCID: PMC10055253 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioral and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which is primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we use whole-brain cFos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure. In vivo calcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes in cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons recapitulated cold-induced feeding, whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch promoting food-seeking behaviors in cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviors are mediated by a Xi to nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region for controlling cold-induced feeding, an important mechanism for maintaining energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nudell V, Wang Y, Pang Z, Lal NK, Huang M, Shaabani N, Kanim W, Teijaro J, Maximov A, Ye L. HYBRiD: hydrogel-reinforced DISCO for clearing mammalian bodies. Nat Methods 2022; 19:479-485. [PMID: 35347322 PMCID: PMC9337799 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of solvent- and polymer-based brain-clearing techniques has advanced our ability to visualize the mammalian nervous system in three dimensions. However, it remains challenging to image the mammalian body en bloc. Here we developed HYBRiD (hydrogel-based reinforcement of three-dimensional imaging solvent-cleared organs (DISCO)), by recombining components of organic- and polymer-based clearing pipelines. We achieved high transparency and protein retention, as well as compatibility with direct fluorescent imaging and immunostaining in cleared mammalian bodies. Using parvalbumin- and somatostatin-Cre models, we demonstrated the utility of HYBRiD for whole-body imaging of genetically encoded fluorescent reporters without antibody enhancement of signals in newborn and juvenile mice. Using K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, HYBRiD enabled perfusion-free clearing and visualization of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a whole mouse chest, revealing macroscopic and microscopic features of viral pathology in the same sample. HYBRiD offers a simple and universal solution to visualize large heterogeneous body parts or entire animals for basic and translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nudell
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Pang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wesam Kanim
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anton Maximov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nudell V, Wei H, Nievergelt C, Maihofer AX, Shilling P, Alda M, Berrettini WH, Brennand KJ, Calabrese JR, Coryell WH, Covault JM, Frye MA, Gage F, Gershon E, McInnis MG, Nurnberger JI, Oedegaard KJ, Shekhtman T, Zandi PP, Kelsoe JR, McCarthy MJ. Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms to Temperature Reveals Amplitude Deficits in Fibroblasts from Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Possible Links to Calcium Channels. Mol Neuropsychiatry 2019; 5:115-124. [PMID: 31192224 DOI: 10.1159/000497354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by recurrent mood episodes, and circadian rhythm disturbances. Past studies have identified calcium channel genes as risk loci for BD. CACNA1C encodes an L-type calcium channel (LTCC) involved in the entrainment of circadian rhythms to light. Another calcium channel, i.e., the ryanodine receptor (RYR), is involved in -circadian phase delays. It is unknown whether variants in CACNA1C or other calcium channels contribute to the circadian phenotype in BD. We hypothesized that, by using temperature cycles, we could model circadian entrainment in fibroblasts from BD patients and controls to interrogate the circadian functions of LTCCs. Using Per2-luc, a bioluminescent reporter, we verified that cells entrain to temperature rhythms in vitro. Under constant temperature conditions, the LTCC antagonist verapamil shortened the circadian period, and the RYR antagonist dantrolene lengthened the period. However, neither drug affected temperature entrainment. Fibroblasts from BD patients and controls also entrained to temperature. In cells from BD patients, the rhythm amplitude was lower under entrained, but not constant, conditions. Temperature entrainment was otherwise similar between BD and control cells. However, the CACNA1C genotype among BD cells predicted the degree to which cells entrained. We conclude that assessment of rhythms under entrained conditions reveals additional rhythm abnormalities in BD that are not observable under constant temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nudell
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Heather Wei
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam X Maihofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph R Calabrese
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Covault
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fred Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elliot Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Section for Psychiatry, University of Bergen and NORMENT and KG Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatry, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Kelsoe
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael J McCarthy
- VA San Diego Healthcare System Psychiatry Service, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|