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Conte AA, Sun K, Hu X, Beachley VZ. Effects of Fiber Density and Strain Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Mats. Front Chem 2020; 8:610. [PMID: 32793555 PMCID: PMC7385238 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effects of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber density and strain rate on nanofiber mat mechanical properties. An automated track collection system was employed to control fiber number per mat and promote uniform individual fiber properties regardless of the duration of collection. Fiber density is correlated to the mechanical properties of the nanofiber mats. Young's modulus was reduced as fiber density increased, from 14,901 MPa for samples electrospun for 30 s (717 fibers +/- 345) to 3,615 MPa for samples electrospun for 40 min (8,310 fibers +/- 1,904). Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased with increasing fiber density, where samples electrospun for 30 s resulted in a UTS of 594 MPa while samples electrospun for 40 min demonstrated a UTS of 1,250 MPa. An average toughness of 0.239 GJ/m3 was seen in the 30 s group, whereas a toughness of 0.515 GJ/m3 was observed at 40 min. The ultimate tensile strain for samples electrospun for 30 s was observed to be 0.39 and 0.48 for samples electrospun for 40 min. The relationships between UTS, Young's modulus, toughness, and ultimate tensile strain with increasing fiber density are the result of fiber-fiber interactions which leads to network mesh interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano A. Conte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Katie Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Vince Z. Beachley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
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Abstract
This manuscript proposes a continuous and straightforward method for fabricating suspended micro- and nanodiameter polymer fibers using an automated single-step drawing system. Termed track spinning, the system is based on a simple manual fiber drawing process that is automated by using two oppositely rotating tracks. Fibers are continuously spun by direct contact of polymer solution coated tracks followed by mechanical drawing as the distance between the tracks increases. The device can draw single or multifilament arrays of micro- and nanofibers from many kinds of polymers and solvent combinations. To demonstrate, fibers were pulled from polymer solutions containing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyurethane (PU). Fiber morphology was smooth and uniform, and the diameter was sensitive to draw length and polymer solution/melt properties. Polymer nanofibers with diameters as small as 450 nm and length of 255 mm were produced. The track spinning method is able to form fibers from high viscosity solutions and melts that are not compatible with some other nanofiber fabrication methods. Further, the setup is simple and inexpensive to implement and nozzleless and does not require an electric field or high-velocity jets, and the tracks can be widened and patterned/textured to enhance fiber yield and manufacturing precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Jao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Vince Z. Beachley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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Beachley VZ, Wolf MT, Sadtler K, Manda SS, Jacobs H, Blatchley MR, Bader JS, Pandey A, Pardoll D, Elisseeff JH. Tissue matrix arrays for high-throughput screening and systems analysis of cell function. Nat Methods 2015; 12:1197-204. [PMID: 26480475 PMCID: PMC4666781 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell and protein arrays have demonstrated remarkable utility in the high-throughput evaluation of biological responses; however, they lack the complexity of native tissue and organs. Here, we describe tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) arrays for screening biological outputs and systems analysis. We spotted processed tissue ECM particles as two-dimensional arrays or incorporated them with cells to generate three-dimensional cell-matrix microtissue arrays. We then investigated the response of human stem, cancer, and immune cells to tissue ECM arrays originating from 11 different tissues, and validated the 2D and 3D arrays as representative of the in vivo microenvironment through quantitative analysis of tissue-specific cellular responses, including matrix production, adhesion and proliferation, and morphological changes following culture. The biological outputs correlated with tissue proteomics, and network analysis identified several proteins linked to cell function. Our methodology enables broad screening of ECMs to connect tissue-specific composition with biological activity, providing a new resource for biomaterials research and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Z Beachley
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew T Wolf
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srikanth S Manda
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Heather Jacobs
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Blatchley
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Drew Pardoll
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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