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Villadsen A, Cameron C, Evans J, Van Herwegen J, Hill V, Hurry J, Roberts A, Wyse D, Johansen T. Longitudinal association of conduct and emotional problems with school exclusion and truancy: A fixed effect analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2023. [PMID: 37942837 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for causally stronger research on the association between child mental health and school exclusion and truancy. This study examines school exclusion and truancy in relation to both conduct and emotional problems and considers these problems both as predictors and as outcomes of school exclusion and truancy. METHOD The sample included 15,236 individuals from the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK longitudinal birth cohort study. Conduct and emotional problems were assessed from childhood to adolescence (age 7, 11, 14 and 17 years), and reports of school exclusion and truancy were collected at age 11 and 14. Fixed effect analyses were used. RESULTS Increases in conduct problems and emotional symptoms were associated with subsequent exclusion (OR 1.22, [95% CI 1.08-1.37] and OR 1.16, [1.05-1.29], respectively). Emotional symptoms, but not conduct problems, predicted truancy (OR 1.17, [1.07-1.29]). These estimates were similar for males and females. Exclusion was associated with an increase in conduct problems at age 14 (0.50, [0.30-0.69]), and for males, it was associated with an increase in emotional symptoms both at age 14 (0.39, [0.12-0.65]) and 17 (0.43, [0.14-0.72]). Truancy was associated with an increase in conduct problems at age 14 (0.41, [0.28-0.55]), and for females also at age 17 (0.22, [0.03-0.42]), and it was associated with increased emotional symptoms at age 14 (0.43, [0.25-0.62]) and 17 (0.44, [0.21-0.66]), which was similar for males and females. CONCLUSION Results indicate a bidirectional association between emotional symptoms and school exclusion and truancy, as an increase in these symptoms was associated with later truancy and exclusion, and emotional symptoms increased following both school events. For conduct problems, the association was bidirectional for school exclusion, but unidirectional for truancy as these symptoms did not lead to truancy, but an increase in conduct problems was observed after both exclusion and truancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aase Villadsen
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Cameron
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Evans
- Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Van Herwegen
- Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vivian Hill
- Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Hurry
- Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Roberts
- Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic Wyse
- Learning and Leadership, University College London, London, UK
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May F, Schaffer GE, Allen KA, Berger E, von Hagen A, Hill V, Morris ZA, Prior S, Summers D, Wurf G, Reupert A. Perspectives of practicing school psychologists during COVID-19: A multi-country, mixed methods investigation. Sch Psychol Int 2023; 44:447-467. [PMID: 38603133 PMCID: PMC9659691 DOI: 10.1177/01430343221137716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 presented a range of challenges to the delivery of school psychology services in countries around the world. The current study aimed to investigate the practices of school psychologists from the United States of America, Australia, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom, including changes to practice and exploration of the factors that supported the delivery of school psychology services during the pandemic. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 1,030 school psychologists and analyzed using a mixed methods, multiple case study design. Differing impacts of the pandemic on the working hours of school psychologists were reported across countries. Participants in all countries reported a shift to online working, with an increased focus on consultation and intervention and a reduction in psychoeducational assessments. School psychologists from all nations emphazised the importance of self-care strategies, social connections and physical activity and the role of support via supervision or professional networks. Access to appropriate technology and responsive workplace policies and procedures were also identified as important. Results have implications for the internationalization of the school psychology profession and can inform international school psychology planning in response to future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona May
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gary E. Schaffer
- Department of School Psychology and Counseling, Niagara University, Niagara, NY, USA
| | - Kelly-Ann Allen
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Emily Berger
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Alexa von Hagen
- Department of Educational Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Vivian Hill
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe A. Morris
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stefanie Prior
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dianne Summers
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gerald Wurf
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Andrea Reupert
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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Pham N, Hill V, Rauschecker A, Lui Y, Niogi S, Fillipi CG, Chang P, Zaharchuk G, Wintermark M. Critical Appraisal of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Imaging Tools Using the Levels of Evidence System. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:E21-E28. [PMID: 37080722 PMCID: PMC10171388 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical adoption of an artificial intelligence-enabled imaging tool requires critical appraisal of its life cycle from development to implementation by using a systematic, standardized, and objective approach that can verify both its technical and clinical efficacy. Toward this concerted effort, the ASFNR/ASNR Artificial Intelligence Workshop Technology Working Group is proposing a hierarchal evaluation system based on the quality, type, and amount of scientific evidence that the artificial intelligence-enabled tool can demonstrate for each component of its life cycle. The current proposal is modeled after the levels of evidence in medicine, with the uppermost level of the hierarchy showing the strongest evidence for potential impact on patient care and health care outcomes. The intended goal of establishing an evidence-based evaluation system is to encourage transparency, foster an understanding of the creation of artificial intelligence tools and the artificial intelligence decision-making process, and to report the relevant data on the efficacy of artificial intelligence tools that are developed. The proposed system is an essential step in working toward a more formalized, clinically validated, and regulated framework for the safe and effective deployment of artificial intelligence imaging applications that will be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pham
- From the Department of Radiology (N.P., G.Z.), Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - V Hill
- Department of Radiology (V.H.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - A Rauschecker
- Department of Radiology (A.R.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Y Lui
- Department of Radiology (Y.L.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - S Niogi
- Department of Radiology (S.N.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - C G Fillipi
- Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Chang
- Department of Radiology (P.C.), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - G Zaharchuk
- From the Department of Radiology (N.P., G.Z.), Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Gray L, Hill V, Pellicano E. "He's shouting so loud but nobody's hearing him": A multi-informant study of autistic pupils' experiences of school non-attendance and exclusion. Autism Dev Lang Impair 2023; 8:23969415231207816. [PMID: 37860824 PMCID: PMC10583514 DOI: 10.1177/23969415231207816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Children and young people on the autism spectrum frequently report a range of negative educational experiences and face disproportionally high rates of school non-attendance, including school avoidance and permanent exclusion, which can have a significant impact on their well-being as well as educational and broader life outcomes. To date, few studies have examined the full range of proximal (child, parent/family, school levels) and distal (community and society levels) barriers to ensuring the school attendance and the inclusion of autistic pupils. The current study sought to do just that by examining autistic young peoples' school non-attendance and exclusion experiences from the perspectives of multiple informants. Methods We recruited 12 autistic pupils, who had previously experienced school avoidance and/or exclusion, from one local authority in England, United Kingdom. We conducted semi-structured interviews with the young people themselves, ten of their parents, eight of their current teachers and nine local authority professionals, including six educational psychologists and three specialist autism teachers. We analyzed interviewees' responses using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Interviewees gave overwhelmingly negative accounts of autistic pupils' school non-attendance and exclusion experiences. Our analysis identified a range of school-related factors they felt led to, or exacerbated, negative experiences in their former mainstream schools, and which ultimately led to their or their children's school non-attendance. It also went further to identify distal factors, including fragmented educational experiences, parents "fighting" against a complex bureaucratic system to secure appropriate education for their children, and limited professional involvement. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the importance of examining the broader context in which autistic pupils are embedded and demonstrate that such pupils are able to successfully attend-and even enjoy-school when they receive the appropriate care and support. Implications Schools and local authority professionals should seek to work in partnership with parents and autistic pupils to secure the necessary support for their inclusion in mainstream education. Government policy should support the provision of sufficient local authority professionals to adopt a more proactive approach to mitigate autistic pupils' avoidance of and exclusion from school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gray
- Educational Psychology Service, Barnet, UK;
UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vivian Hill
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Alsaffar A, Collins M, Goodbody P, Hill V, Regan A, Kelly M. Use of Video Consultation in Irish General Practice:The Views of General Practitioners. Ir Med J 2021; 114:322. [PMID: 35579994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Video consultation involves the live interaction between the doctor and the patient remotely. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, the majority of video consultations in primary care were provided by GPs who were not the individual's own GP, which presented safety and continuity issues. This study aims to determine GPs' attitudes to the use of video consultation for their own patients. Methods This was a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews. Participants were purposively recruited through use of a GP tutor as a key informant and guided by a sampling framework to include those with and without previous video consultation experience. Braun and Clarke thematic analysis was used. Results Participants included eight GPs, half of whom had previously worked with video consultation. Four themes emerged: impact on the consultation, the potential role, and the potential threat to current practice and technology and logistics. There were optimistic and cautious observations within all themes. Conclusion With the increased use of video consultation, Irish General Practice is in a unique position to frame the future its use. The provision of this modality to one's own patients may provide benefit while mitigating some of the pitfalls but would not entirely avoid the potential dangers of video consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alsaffar
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
| | - M Collins
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
| | - P Goodbody
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
| | - V Hill
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
| | - A Regan
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
| | - M Kelly
- HSE Western Training Programme in General Practice
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway
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Abstract
In the past few decades, minimally-invasive esthetic treatments and the use of injectable Hyaluronic Acid Gels and other filling agents to treat facial esthetics have increased dramatically. Although extremely rare, a filler can cause ocular and orbital ischemia by retrograde flow from the ophthalmic artery when injected in any of the anastomosis of the face. Once filler reaches the central retinal artery, blindness is inevitable, and no treatment is effective. While the risk of blindness happening with any filler injection is rare, the life-altering irreversible consequence of a procedure that was anticipated to be simple and beautifying is a reality that each injector must be prepared for with every injection. The parameters associated with an iatrogenic stroke of the eye are the site of injection, the injection technique, patient characteristics, and the material injected. Understanding the interplay of each of these variables might help us reduce the possibility of blindness during the injection of a soft-tissue cosmetic filler. Here, we explore the causes of Hyaluronic Acid Gels Filler embolic phenomena, review the natural course of the process, and discuss appropriate immediate interventions. We also (1) propose an education plan for injectors and describe how to carry out a focused ophthalmologic examination and procedural activities for a referral to an ophthalmologist, (2) outline steps to prevent emboli during filler injection, and (3) how to manage and support a patient with a sudden loss of vision during or immediately after a Hyaluronic Acid Gels filler treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Arlette
- 70401 Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Ashenhurst
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vivian Hill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kailun Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Background Little is known about the friendships and relationships of autistic adults, despite decades of research evidence showing the benefits of close relationships for neurotypical adults. Even less is known about the relationships of autistic women, or how their relationships compare with those of neurotypical women. This mixed-methods study, therefore, examined differences in the social relationships of autistic women in relation to their neurotypical counterparts. Methods Thirty-eight women (19 autistic women, 19 neurotypical women), aged between 20 and 40 years, completed the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale, The Awareness of Social Inference Test, and a semistructured interview about their current and former friendships and romantic relationships. Results In many ways, the social relationships and experiences of autistic women were much like those of neurotypical women. Autistic women, however, had greater difficulty with social inference skills, and reported experiencing more negative social situations. This was particularly the case in terms of social and sexual vulnerability, a feature that the autistic women themselves linked to their difficulties with social inference. Despite these challenges, autistic women were happier and more self-assured in their adult relationships than they remembered being in adolescence. Conclusions These findings highlight an urgent need for specific and tailored personal safety training and support for autistic women-and, by extension, autistic girls-to ensure that they can enjoy a safe transition to adulthood and positive adult relationships. Lay Summary Why was this study done?: At the moment, we know lots about adult friendships and relationships among neurotypical people, but we know very little about friendships and relationships for autistic adults. This is especially the case for autistic women, who are an understudied group and who are not often studied in their own right.What was the purpose of this study?: We wanted to find out whether autistic women have similar friendship and romantic relationship experiences to neurotypical women. We also wanted to know more about the ways these relationships had changed since adolescence-whether any changes over time were similar or different to those of neurotypical women.What did the researchers do?: We included 38 women in the study. Half of them were autistic and half were neurotypical. They were aged between 20 and 40 years old. They completed a questionnaire measuring the closeness of their relationships, and a test of how well they understood social situations. They also took part in an interview where we asked them about their current and past friendships and romantic relationships, and if/how these had changed over time.What were the results of this study?: We found that autistic and neurotypical women had friendships and relationships that were very similar. Both groups had friends, and similar number of women in each group had partners and children. Autistic women, though, found it harder to interpret social situations, and generally reported having more difficult friendship/relationship experiences than neurotypical women. This was especially true in terms of social and sexual experiences, where autistic women reported that they were much more vulnerable to exploitation than neurotypical women. Autistic women themselves linked this to their difficulties interpreting social situations. Despite these difficulties though, autistic women were happier with their relationships and much more confident in their social skills in adulthood than they remembered being as teenagers.What do these findings add to what we already knew?: These findings give us new information about the social experiences of autistic women, giving them the opportunity to talk about things that have gone well alongside some of the difficulties they can face. The positive outcomes women talked about were different to those reported in autistic men (in previous research). This is important because it shows that gender shapes social experiences as much as being autistic itself.What are the potential weaknesses in the study?: We had to ask women to look back on their teenage years, so there is always a chance that people have misremembered things or are interpreting them differently in adulthood to how they felt at the time. Also, as only those comfortable being included as women were involved in this study, it was not possible to carry out direct comparisons between the friendships and relationships of women and men, or those of autistic nonbinary or trans people, who likely have unique experiences.How will these findings help autistic people now or in the future?: We hope that the findings of this research will help families and professionals to better support autistic girls and women in their relationships, particularly in terms of romantic and sexual relationships, as well as education on personal safety. It also goes some way toward dismissing popular myths about autistic people struggling to make real friendships by showing a variety of successful relationships among autistic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Sedgewick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Address correspondence to: Felicity Sedgewick, PhD, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Eating Disorders Unit, 103 Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Crane
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Hill
- Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
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Ismail M, Hill V, Statsevych V, Huang R, Prasanna P, Correa R, Singh G, Bera K, Beig N, Thawani R, Madabhushi A, Aahluwalia M, Tiwari P. Shape Features of the Lesion Habitat to Differentiate Brain Tumor Progression from Pseudoprogression on Routine Multiparametric MRI: A Multisite Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2187-2193. [PMID: 30385468 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Differentiating pseudoprogression, a radiation-induced treatment effect, from tumor progression on imaging is a substantial challenge in glioblastoma management. Unfortunately, guidelines set by the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria are based solely on bidirectional diametric measurements of enhancement observed on T1WI and T2WI/FLAIR scans. We hypothesized that quantitative 3D shape features of the enhancing lesion on T1WI, and T2WI/FLAIR hyperintensities (together called the lesion habitat) can more comprehensively capture pathophysiologic differences across pseudoprogression and tumor recurrence, not appreciable on diametric measurements alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 105 glioblastoma studies from 2 institutions were analyzed, consisting of a training (n = 59) and an independent test (n = 46) cohort. For every study, expert delineation of the lesion habitat (T1WI enhancing lesion and T2WI/FLAIR hyperintense perilesional region) was obtained, followed by extraction of 30 shape features capturing 14 "global" contour characteristics and 16 "local" curvature measures for every habitat region. Feature selection was used to identify most discriminative features on the training cohort, which were evaluated on the test cohort using a support vector machine classifier. RESULTS The top 2 most discriminative features were identified as local features capturing total curvature of the enhancing lesion and curvedness of the T2WI/FLAIR hyperintense perilesional region. Using top features from the training cohort (training accuracy = 91.5%), we obtained an accuracy of 90.2% on the test set in distinguishing pseudoprogression from tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results suggest that 3D shape attributes from the lesion habitat can differentially express across pseudoprogression and tumor progression and could be used to distinguish these radiographically similar pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ismail
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - V Hill
- Department of Neuroradiology (V.H., V.S.), Imaging Institute
| | - V Statsevych
- Department of Neuroradiology (V.H., V.S.), Imaging Institute
| | - R Huang
- Department of Radiology (R.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Prasanna
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - R Correa
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - G Singh
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - K Bera
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - N Beig
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - R Thawani
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - A Madabhushi
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M Aahluwalia
- Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center (M.A.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P Tiwari
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.I., P.P., R.C., G.S., K.B., N.B., R.T., A.M., P.T.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Sedgewick F, Hill V, Pellicano E. 'It's different for girls': Gender differences in the friendships and conflict of autistic and neurotypical adolescents. Autism 2018; 23:1119-1132. [PMID: 30280923 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318794930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study examined gender differences in the friendships and conflict experiences of autistic girls and boys relative to their neurotypical peers. In total, 102 adolescents (27 autistic girls, 26 autistic boys, 26 neurotypical girls, and 23 neurotypical boys), aged between 11 and 18 years completed the Friendship Qualities Scale, the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire and were interviewed about their friendships. Results demonstrated that in many ways, the friendships and social experiences of autistic girls are similar to those of neurotypical girls. Autistic girls, however, have significantly more social challenges than their neurotypical peers, experiencing more conflict and finding that conflict harder to manage successfully. Autistic boys showed quantitatively different friendship patterns to all other groups. There were consistent gender differences in the type of conflict which boys and girls experienced, regardless of diagnostic status. These findings suggest that gender, rather than diagnosis per se, plays a critical role in the way that autistic adolescents perceive and experience their social relationships.
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Sedgewick F, Hill V, Yates R, Pickering L, Pellicano E. Gender Differences in the Social Motivation and Friendship Experiences of Autistic and Non-autistic Adolescents. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1297-306. [PMID: 26695137 PMCID: PMC4786616 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-methods study examined gender differences in the social motivation and friendship experiences of adolescent boys and girls with autism relative to those without autism, all educated within special education settings. Autistic girls showed similar social motivation and friendship quality to non-autistic girls, while autistic boys reported having both qualitatively different friendships and less motivation for social contact relative to boys without autism and to girls with and without autism. Semi-structured interviews with the adolescents corroborated these findings, with one exception: autistic girls reported high levels of relational aggression within their friendships, suggesting that girls on the autism spectrum in particular may struggle with identifying and dealing with conflict in their social lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Sedgewick
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NU, UK
| | - Vivian Hill
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NU, UK
| | - Rhiannon Yates
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NU, UK
| | - Leanne Pickering
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 55-59 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0NU, UK.
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Edgington L, Hill V, Pellicano E. The design and implementation of a CBT-based intervention for sensory processing difficulties in adolescents on the autism spectrum. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 59:221-233. [PMID: 27639063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unusual reactions to sensory input now form part of the diagnostic criteria for autism. These features are common and can have an often-devastating impact on autistic individuals and their families. Yet there are few validated interventions that help to remediate or support autistic individuals' adverse sensory experiences. To date, both measurement of sensory experiences and the resulting interventions have been based on assumptions of neurological sensitivities and largely ignored the role of cognition. This study therefore sought to assess the feasibility of a new 8-week CBT-based group intervention for self-regulation of sensory processing difficulties. METHOD Seven cognitively able adolescents diagnosed with autism aged 11-16 years from one mainstream secondary school received the 8-week intervention. Measures of sensory reactivity, anxiety and repetitive behaviours were taken at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up, 8 weeks after the intervention had ceased. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were also conducted with adolescents and their parents to examine further the acceptability of the intervention. RESULTS The results showed that the intervention itself was feasible - both in its implementation and its acceptability to participants. Qualitative analysis clearly showed that the intervention was effective in raising meta-conscious awareness and self-regulation in these autistic adolescents. Analysis of outcome variables showed no significant change over the intervention period, although effect sizes were moderate-to-large. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results are encouraging and should inform the design of a future pilot randomized controlled trial to test its efficacy with a larger group of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Edgington
- Triborough Educational Psychology and Consultation Service, London, UK; Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
| | - Vivian Hill
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Centre for Research in Autism and Education (CRAE), UCL Institute of Education, University College London, UK; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Weeks C, Hill V, Owen C. Changing thoughts, changing practice: examining the delivery of a group CBT-based intervention in a school setting. Educational Psychology in Practice 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2016.1217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Weeks
- Hampshire Educational Psychology Service, Winchester, UK
| | - Vivian Hill
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlie Owen
- UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
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Gibbs S, Atkinson C, Woods K, Bond C, Hill V, Howe J, Morris S. Supervision for school psychologists in training: Developing a framework from empirical findings. School Psychology International 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034316653443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Similar to other professional disciplines, the importance of supervision within school psychology has attracted considerable attention within recent years. Despite this, systematic review of current literature reveals a dearth of empirical literature proposing underlying theoretical structures. This study extends recent qualitative research by surveying 310 school psychology students undertaking a preparatory doctoral training programme within the 12 approved universities in England and Wales. Data were obtained from a 21-item closed questionnaire developed from previous empirical findings and subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis. Findings reveal three key supervisory components: Safe space for authentic learning, instructional support, and reference points for professional learning. Comparisons with other theoretical models are made and implications for practice explored. A framework for professional practice, based on key findings and other important theoretical developments, is proposed.
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Gellert GA, Hill V, Bruner K, Maciaz G, Saucedo L, Catzoela L, Ramirez R, Jacobs WJ, Nguyen P, Patel L, Webster SL. Successful Implementation of Clinical Information Technology: Seven Key Lessons from CPOE. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6:698-715. [PMID: 26767065 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2015-06-soa-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and describe the most critical strategic and operational contributors to the successful implementation of clinical information technologies, as deployed within a moderate sized system of U.S. community hospitals. BACKGROUND AND SETTING CHRISTUS Health is a multi-state system comprised of more than 350 services and 60 hospitals with over 9 000 physicians. The Santa Rosa region of CHRISTUS Health, located in greater San Antonio, Texas is comprised of three adult community hospital facilities and one Children's hospital each with bed capacities of 142-180. Computerized Patient Order Entry (CPOE) was first implemented in 2012 within a complex market environment. The Santa Rosa region has 2 417 credentialed physicians and 263 mid-level allied health professionals. METHODS This report focuses on the seven most valuable strategies deployed by the Health Informatics team in a large four hospital CHRISTUS region to achieve strong CPOE adoption and critical success lessons learned. The findings are placed within the context of the literature describing best practices in health information technology implementation. RESULTS While the elements described involved discrete de novo process generation to support implementation and operations, collectively they represent the creation of a new customer-centric service culture in our Health Informatics team, which has served as a foundation for ensuring strong clinical information technology adoption beyond CPOE. CONCLUSION The seven success factors described are not limited in their value to and impact on CPOE adoption, but generalize to - and can advance success in - varied other clinical information technology implementations across diverse hospitals. A number of these factors are supported by reports in the literature of other institutions' successful implementations of CPOE and other clinical information technologies, and while not prescriptive to other settings, may be adapted to yield value elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Gellert
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - V Hill
- Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatrics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - K Bruner
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - G Maciaz
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - L Saucedo
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - L Catzoela
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - R Ramirez
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - W J Jacobs
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - P Nguyen
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Westover Hills Hospital , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - L Patel
- CHRISTUS Santa Rosa Medical Center , San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - S L Webster
- CHRISTUS Health, Health Informatics , San Antonio, TX, United States
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15
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Koposov SE, Casey AR, Belokurov V, Lewis JR, Gilmore G, Worley C, Hourihane A, Randich S, Bensby T, Bragaglia A, Bergemann M, Carraro G, Costado MT, Flaccomio E, Francois P, Heiter U, Hill V, Jofre P, Lando C, Lanzafame AC, Laverny PD, Monaco L, Morbidelli L, Sbordone L, Mikolaitis Š, Ryde N. KINEMATICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RECENTLY DISCOVERED RETICULUM 2 AND HOROLOGIUM 1 DWARF GALAXIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/811/1/62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
A prominent hydrogen-related infrared absorption peak seen in many types of diamonds at 3107 cm(-1) has been the subject of investigation for many years. It is present in natural type-Ia material and can be introduced by heat-treating synthetic or CVD diamond. Based upon the most recent experimental data, it is thought that the defect giving rise to this vibrational mode is vacancy-related and is likely to contain nitrogen. Using first-principles simulations we present a VN3H model for the originating centre that simultaneously satisfies the different experimental observations including the strain response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Goss
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE1 7RU, UK
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Berendes D, Levy K, Knee J, Handzel T, Hill V. Letters to the Editor. J Water Sanit Hyg Dev 2014; 4:773-733. [PMID: 26550468 PMCID: PMC4635561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Berendes
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ; Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J Knee
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Food, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - T Handzel
- Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - V Hill
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Food, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Raphael B, Lautenschlager M, Kahler A, Pai S, Parks B, Kalb S, Maslanka S, Shah S, Magnuson M, Hill V. Recovery and detection of botulinum toxin type A from drinking water. Toxicon 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Research has shown that friendship impacts the overall experience of mainstream school for autistic children. Using a unique combination of quantitative, qualitative and social network methods, we investigated the extent and nature of autistic children's friendships from their perspective and from those of their mothers, teachers and classroom peers. Consistent with previous research, children with autism (n = 12), aged between 9 and 11 years, rated their friendships to be of poorer quality than their non-autistic classroom peers (n = 11). There was, however, much variability in autistic children's ratings, which, unexpectedly, was related to neither children's cognitive ability nor their theory of mind ability. Encouragingly, the children generally reported satisfaction with their friendships, and although no child was socially isolated, the degree of inclusion in friendship networks varied widely. Furthermore, autistic children's social motivation emerged as a key factor in parents' and teachers' reports in determining both the nature and extent of their friendships. Adults played an active role in supporting children's friendships, but this sometimes conflicted with what the children wanted. These findings highlight the need to ascertain the perspectives of young people with autism on their friendships and to consider the social and ethical implications of when and how to intervene.
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Hill V, Babusiaux C, Gómez A, Haywood M, Katz D, Royer F. Inner galactic disc metallicity distributions and the bulge-disc relation. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20121906001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kordopatis G, Recio-Blanco A, de Laverny P, Bijaoui A, Hill V, Gilmore G, Wyse R, Ordenovic C. Automated stellar spectra parameterisation for Gaia-RVS. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20121909010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Worley C, de Laverny P, Recio-Blanco A, Hill V, Kordopatis G. The AMBRE project: Results from the MATISSE analysis of the ESO-FEROS archived spectra. EPJ Web of Conferences 2012. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20121909008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Maxwell C, Aggleton P, Warwick I, Yankah E, Hill V, Mehmedbegović D. Supporting children's emotional wellbeing and mental health in England: a review. Health Education 2008. [DOI: 10.1108/09654280810884160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Lepore K, Moran SB, Grebmeier JM, Cooper LW, Lalande C, Maslowski W, Hill V, Bates NR, Hansell DA, Mathis JT, Kelly RP. Seasonal and interannual changes in particulate organic carbon export and deposition in the Chukchi Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc003555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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O'Reilly CE, Hill V, Lynch MF. Reply to Brett-Major and Brett-Major. Clin Infect Dis 2007. [DOI: 10.1086/520787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cutaneous involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis (TB). The correct diagnosis is often significantly delayed because cutaneous TB is not routinely considered in the differential diagnosis or because investigations fail to reveal the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The clinical features of cutaneous TB are diverse, and result from exogenous and endogenous spread of M. tuberculosis and from immune-mediated mechanisms. The recognition of cutaneous TB is important, as the diagnosis is frequently overlooked resulting in delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lai-Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lai-Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK.
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Mehmi M, Hill V, De Berker D, Moss C. Oral 9 Total anonychia congenita: a rare ectodermal dysplasia. Br J Dermatol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.7385_9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report 3 cases of infectious keratitis related to overnight orthokeratology use. METHODS Retrospective case observation. RESULTS All 3 patients were using overnight orthokeratology lenses when they presented with unilateral corneal ulcers. The organisms isolated were Acanthamoeba, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. The clinical presentation and treatment of each case is presented. CONCLUSIONS Overnight orthokeratology use may be associated with infectious keratitis despite the use of more oxygen-permeable materials and improved lens design. Patient education with informed consent, appropriate lens care, and meticulous follow-up is important. Because this complication is potentially sight threatening, orthokeratology requires further analysis and evaluation to establish its safety. The cases here are the first few reported cases in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yepes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Delatycki MB, Allen KJ, Nisselle AE, Collins V, Metcalfe S, du Sart D, Halliday J, Aitken MA, Macciocca I, Hill V, Wakefield A, Ritchie A, Gason AA, Nicoll AJ, Powell LW, Williamson R. Use of community genetic screening to prevent HFE-associated hereditary haemochromatosis. Lancet 2005; 366:314-6. [PMID: 16039334 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HFE-associated hereditary haemochromatosis is a recessive, iron-overload disorder that affects about one in 200 north Europeans and that can be easily prevented. However, genetic screening for this disease is controversial, and so we assessed whether such screening was suitable for communities. Cheek-brush screening for the Cys282Tyr HFE mutation was offered to individuals in the workplace. Outcomes were assessed by questionnaires before and after testing. 11,307 individuals were screened. We recorded no increase in anxiety in individuals who were homozygous for the Cys282Tyr mutation or non-homozygous. Self-reported tiredness before testing was significantly higher in homozygous participants than in non-homozygous participants (chi2 test, p=0.029). Of the 47 homozygous individuals identified, 46 have taken steps to treat or prevent iron accumulation. Population genetic screening for HFE-associated hereditary haemochromatosis can be practicable and acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Delatycki
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
This article provides a review of the British Ability Scales, Second Edition (BAS II) for applied psychologists; it aims to describe the special features of the scale, highlighting implications for practice, as well as describing the developments in psychometry this scale represents in comparison with other widely used tests. Although the BAS has been in use since 1979 and represents a more contemporary psychometric model of human ability, with British norms, it is not as widely used in British research or applied psychological assessment as might be anticipated; traditional allegiances to the older, more established, Anglicised standardisation of the American Wechsler scales appear to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Hill
- School of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, UK. E-mail:
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Nisselle AE, Delatycki MB, Collins V, Metcalfe S, Aitken MA, du Sart D, Halliday J, Macciocca I, Wakefield A, Hill V, Gason A, Warner B, Calabro V, Williamson R, Allen KJ. Implementation of HaemScreen, a workplace-based genetic screening program for hemochromatosis. Clin Genet 2004; 65:358-67. [PMID: 15099342 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.0239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is debate as to whether community genetic screening for the mutation(s) causing hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) should be implemented, due to issues including disease penetrance, health economic outcomes, and concerns about community acceptance. Hemochromatosis is a common preventable iron overload disease, due in over 90% of cases to C282Y homozygosity in the HFE gene. We are, therefore, piloting C282Y screening to assess understanding of genetic information and screening acceptability in the workplace setting. In this program, HaemScreen, education was by oral or video presentation in a group setting. C282Y status was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melt-curve analysis on DNA obtained by cheek-brush sampling. Of eligible participants, 5.8% (1.5-15.8%) attended information and screening sessions, of whom 97.7% (5571 individuals) chose to be tested. Twenty-two C282Y (1 : 253) homozygotes were identified and offered clinical follow-up. There were 638 heterozygotes (1 : 8.7). The determinants for participation have been analyzed in terms of the principles outlined in the Health Belief Model. Widespread screening for HH is readily accepted in a workplace setting, and a one-to-many education program is effective. The level of participation varies greatly and the advertizing and session logistics should be adapted to the specific features of each workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Nisselle
- Genetic Health Services Victoria, Murdoch Childrens Research institute, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Bruce Lefroy Center for Genetic Health Research, Victoria, Australia
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Hughes JA, Hill V, Patel K, Syed S, Harper J, De Bruyn R. Cutaneous haemangioma: prevalence and sonographic characteristics of associated hepatic haemangioma. Clin Radiol 2004; 59:273-80. [PMID: 15037141 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(03)00267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2003] [Revised: 05/09/2003] [Accepted: 05/28/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence of hepatic haemangiomas (HH) occurring with multiple or large cutaneous haemangiomas (CH), and compare the ultrasound (US) characteristics of HH with morphology of concurrent CH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective and prospective sonographic and clinical analysis was undertaken on 69 patients referred for US to exclude silent HH. This comprised 62 patients referred over 6 years with six or more CH or one large CH (#10878;5 cm) and seven patients referred over 1 year with three to five small CH. RESULTS HH occurred in 45% miliary CH and 40% mixed small and large CH, but also in 12-14% of patients with one large or three or more small CH. None had HH progression. There was association between HH sonographic characteristics and CH number and morphology. CONCLUSION Clinically silent HH occurred in nearly one in four of infants presenting overall with six or more small CH or large CH. Previous studies have documented HH mortality between 18 and 80%, although this was not shown in our study. Therefore, if clinical suspicion exists, US is indicated to enable early steroid treatment if significant HH are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hughes
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
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Abstract
Most gene therapy approaches to genetic disorders aim to compensate loss-of-function by introducing recombinant cDNA-based minigenes into diseased tissues. The current report represents an ongoing series of studies designed to correct genetic mutations at the post-transcriptional level. This strategy modifies the binding of components of the spliceosome by high affinity hybridisation of small complementary (antisense) RNA oligonucleotides to specific pre-mRNA sequences. These, so-called 'splicomer' reagents are chemically modified to impart bio-stability, and are designed to cause skipping of mutant frame-shifting exon sequences leading to restoration of the reading frame and an internally deleted but partially functional gene product. For instance, Duchenne muscular dystrophy is generally caused by frame-shift mutations in the dystrophin gene, whereas in-frame deletions of up to 50% of the central portion of the gene cause Becker muscular dystrophy, a much milder myopathy, which in some cases can remain asymptomatic to old age. In the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a mutation in exon 23 of the dystrophin gene creates a stop codon and leads to a dystrophin-deficient myopathy in striated muscle. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that forced skipping of this mutant exon by treatment of mdx muscle cells with splicomer oligonucleotides can generate in-frame dystrophin transcripts and restore dystrophin expression. Here, we report the results of an optimisation of splicomer sequence design by the use of both high-throughput arrays and biological screens. This has resulted in specific and, importantly, exclusive skipping of the targeted exon in greater than 60% of dystrophin mRNA, leading to the de novo synthesis and localisation of dystrophin protein in cultured mdx muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dickson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway--University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Harris JD, Schepelmann S, Athanasopoulos T, Graham IR, Stannard AK, Mohri Z, Hill V, Hassall DG, Owen JS, Dickson G. Inhibition of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice following muscle transduction with adeno-associated virus vectors encoding human apolipoprotein-E. Gene Ther 2002; 9:21-9. [PMID: 11850719 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2001] [Accepted: 10/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a multifunctional plasma glycoprotein involved in lipoprotein metabolism and a range of cell signalling phenomena. ApoE-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice exhibit severe hypercholesterolaemia and are an excellent model of human atherosclerosis. ApoE somatic gene transfer and bone marrow transplantation in apoE(-/-) mice results in reversal of hypercholesterolaemia, inhibition of atherogenesis and regression of atherosclerotic plaque density. Replication defective adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAVs) are an attractive system currently in clinical trial for muscle-based heterologous gene therapy to express secreted recombinant plasma proteins. Here we have applied rAAV transduction of skeletal muscle to express wild-type (epsilon3) and a defective receptor-binding mutant (epsilon2) human apoE transgene in apoE(-/-) mice. In treated animals, apoE mRNA was present in transduced muscles and, although plasma levels of recombinant apoE fell below the detection levels of our ELISA (ie <10 ng/ml), circulating antibodies to human apoE and rAAV were induced. Up to 3 months after a single administration of rAAV/apoE3, a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque density in aortas of treated animals was observed (approximately 30%), indicating that low-level rAAV-mediated apoE3 expression from skeletal muscle can retard atherosclerotic progression in this well-defined genetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Harris
- Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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Garofalo RP, Patti J, Hintz KA, Hill V, Ogra PL, Welliver RC. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (not T helper type 2 cytokines) is associated with severe forms of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:393-9. [PMID: 11471095 DOI: 10.1086/322788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2000] [Revised: 05/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is related to the development of T helper (Th) type 2 cytokine responses. The presence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were assessed by ELISA in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with RSV infection. Infants with mild bronchiolitis had increased Th1 cytokines and reduced Th2 cytokines, compared with infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. Severe bronchiolitis was characterized by a more balanced Th1-Th2 response that did not differ from that of infants with upper respiratory tract illness alone. In contrast, MIP-1alpha was markedly increased in infants with severe bronchiolitis. MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 levels also were inversely related to oxygen saturation (P<.005). Thus, the severity of RSV bronchiolitis appears to be related more to chemokine release than to Th2 cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Garofalo
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Damji
- University of Ottawa Eye Institute, ON.
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Graham IR, Manzano A, Tagalakis AD, Mohri Z, Sperber G, Hill V, Beattie S, Schepelmann S, Dickson G, Owen JS. Gene repair validation. Nat Biotechnol 2001; 19:507-8. [PMID: 11385435 DOI: 10.1038/89209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of patterns of early reading behaviour that predict later reading success is clearly important. Reading errors of 6-year-olds represent a source of such early assessment information, but their significance as predictors of later reading is unknown. AIMS The relationship between word reading errors at age 6 and accurate word reading at age 8 is investigated here. SAMPLES, METHODS, RESULTS: In study 1, 44 children completed word reading tests at 6 and 8 years. 'Scaffolding errors' preserving both initial and final phonemes (e.g., 'bark' misread as 'bank'); errors preserving either initial or final phonemes (e.g., 'bark' misread as 'bed' or 'like'); distant or unrelated errors (e.g., 'bark' misread as 'can' or 'men') and non-responses were measured at age 6. Scaffolding errors were the best predictors of word reading at age 8. Study 2 investigated the correlations between word and nonsense word reading, and scaffolding errors in 30 children aged 6 years. Scaffolding errors predicted unique variance in word reading after nonword reading was entered. CONCLUSIONS Scaffolding errors represent a significant qualitative indicator of later word reading success. Implications of findings for early identification of reading difficulties, and facilitating reading interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Savage
- Psychology and Special Needs, Institute of Education, University of London
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Cayrel R, Hill V, Beers TC, Barbuy B, Spite M, Spite F, Plez B, Andersen J, Bonifacio P, François P, Molaro P, Nordström B, Primas F. Measurement of stellar age from uranium decay. Nature 2001; 409:691-2. [PMID: 11217852 DOI: 10.1038/35055507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ages of the oldest stars in the Galaxy indicate when star formation began, and provide a minimum age for the Universe. Radioactive dating of meteoritic material and stars relies on comparing the present abundance ratios of radioactive and stable nuclear species to the theoretically predicted ratios of their production. The radioisotope 232Th (half-life 14 Gyr) has been used to date Galactic stars, but it decays by only a factor of two over the lifetime of the Universe. 238U (half-life 4.5 Gyr) is in principle a more precise age indicator, but even its strongest spectral line, from singly ionized uranium at a wavelength of 385.957 nm, has previously not been detected in stars. Here we report a measurement of this line in the very metal-poor star CS31082-001, a star which is strongly overabundant in its heavy elements. The derived uranium abundance, log(U/H) = -13.7 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.12 yields an age of 12.5 +/- 3 Gyr, though this is still model dependent. The observation of this cosmochronometer gives the most direct age determination of the Galaxy. Also, with improved theoretical and laboratory data, it will provide a highly precise lower limit to the age of the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cayrel
- Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, DASGAL, France.
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43
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Abstract
A 21-year-old woman presented with non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma; she was born a collodion baby. Associated features were ocular albinism, anterior segment dysgenesis of both eyes and Noonan syndrome. X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulphatase deficiency) and X-linked ocular albinism have been mapped to the Xp22.3 region and cases have been reported with both conditions due to a partial short-arm deletion of the X chromosome. The ichthyosis and ocular albinism in the present case, however, are likely to be of the autosomal recessive type - a very rare association - and the combination with Noonan syndrome has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hill
- Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey and St George's Hospital, London, UK
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Jordan DR, Mawn LA, Brownstein S, McEachren TM, Gilberg SM, Hill V, Grahovac SZ, Adenis JP. The bioceramic orbital implant: a new generation of porous implants. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2000; 16:347-55. [PMID: 11021384 DOI: 10.1097/00002341-200009000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors describe a new generation of porous orbital implant made of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and compare it with the hydroxyapatite orbital implants (Bio-Eye and FCI hydroxyapatite). METHODS The authors examined the new implant macroscopically, with chemical analysis and microscopically with scanning electron microscopy. Animal implantation studies were performed using six adult male New Zealand albino rabbits. Implant vascularization was evaluated by means of magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic sectioning. RESULTS The Bioceramic orbital implant was found to have very uniform pore structure with an average pore size of 500 microm. The implant was 99.9% aluminum oxide on x-ray diffraction. Magnetic resonance imaging in vivo vascularization studies demonstrated enhancement of the implant to its center by 4 weeks after implantation in the rabbit. Histopathologically, fibrovascularization occurred uniformly throughout the implant and was noted by 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The Bioceramic orbital implant represents a new porous orbital implant that has a very regular and extensive interconnected pore system, is as biocompatible as hydroxyapatite, is easy to manufacture, structurally strong, and free of contaminants. It is manufactured with no disruption to marine life ecosystems as may occur in the harvesting of coral for other orbital implants. It is less expensive than currently available hydroxyapatite implants and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in April 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Jordan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ontario, Canada
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Pillow BH, Hill V, Boyce A, Stein C. Understanding inference as a source of knowledge: children's ability to evaluate the certainty of deduction, perception, and guessing. Dev Psychol 2000; 36:169-79. [PMID: 10749074 DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments investigated children's understanding of inference as a source of knowledge. Children observed a puppet make a statement about the color of one of two hidden toys after the puppet (a) looked directly at the toy (looking), (b) looked at the other toy (inference), or (c) looked at neither toy (guessing). Most 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds did not rate the puppet as being more certain of the toy's color after the puppet looked directly at it or inferred its color than they did after the puppet guessed its color. Most 8 and 9-year-olds distinguished inference and looking from guessing. The tendency to explain the puppet's knowledge by referring to inference increased with age. Children who referred to inference in their explanations were more likely to judge deductive inference as more certain than guessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Pillow
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, 60115, USA.
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46
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Taylor Z, Molloy D, Hill V, Harrison K. Contribution of the assisted reproductive technologies to fertility in males suffering spinal cord injury. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 39:84-7. [PMID: 10099757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1999.tb03451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study reviews 19 couples referred between 1990 and 1997 for fertility treatment for anejaculatory infertility in the male partner following spinal injury. Using sperm obtained by assisted ejaculation procedures, 14 of the 19 patients (74%) achieved at least 1 pregnancy. Pregnancy rates per treatment cycle were 12.0% for timed intrauterine insemination, 38.9% for gamete intra-Fallopian transfer and 19.2% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection followed by uterine embryo transfer. Choice of the appropriate assisted reproduction treatment to match the available semen quality results in a high level of success in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Taylor
- Queensland Fertility Group, Brisbane, Australia
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47
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Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that the hostility and anger scales of the Buss and Perry (1992) [Buss, A. H. & Perry, M. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.] Aggression Questionnaire would predict anger in college students in response to mistreatment. We found low and high hostility groups did not differ in anger at baseline or after completing a task without provocation, but the high hostility group reported greater anger than the low group after the onset of provocation, which required all students to redo completed tasks because some students (confederates) were observed cheating. Hostility also influenced anxiety and depression, but only anger was greater as a result of the provocation in the high than in the low hostility group. The anger scale did not predict anger in response to provocation, but anger was higher in the high than the low anger group before the provocation. These findings support the construct validity of the Aggression Questionnaire hostility scale as a measure of suspicion, resentment and sensitivity to mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Felsten
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Columbus 47203, USA.
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Abstract
The Ulm Gallbladder Stone Study is the first ultrasound-based epidemiologic survey of cholecystolithiasis in the former West Germany. A study population of 1116 blood donors (656 men, age 38.0 +/- 12.0 years; 460 women, age 34.1 +/- 11.2 years) at the Central Blood Bank of the German Red Cross in Ulm was examined between April 1994 and February 1995. Based on age, subjects were assigned to one of four groups (18-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-65 years). Following a structured interview of each study subject, an ultrasound examination was carried out and a blood sample obtained for laboratory study. Overall, 6.0% (95% (95% CI: 4.8%-7.6%) of all study subjects (5.8% of the men and 6.3% of the women) exhibited evidence of current or past gallbladder disease (cholelithiasis or history of cholecystectomy). The prevalence of gallbladder disease correlated positively with age, reaching a maximum of 13.7% (9.5-20.0) in the 51- to 65-year-old age group, and also correlated as with body mass index (BMI). Female subjects with previous full-term pregnancies showed a higher prevalence of cholelithiasis, but this difference was not statistically significant for age-adjusted analysis. Subjects with a family history of cholelithiasis were found to suffer from gallstones in 11.5% (8.0-16.7) of cases compared with 4.6% (3.4%-6.3%) of subjects without such family history. Autopsy studies conducted in Germany have shown the prevalence of gallstones to be about 13.1% in men and 33.8% in women. Our sonographic data are relatively low in comparison. This may be due, in part, to the specific selection characteristics inherent in retrospective autopsy studies, such as age distribution and the presence of other pathologic factors associated with increased risk for cholelithiasis. The Ulm data rank in the lower third of the prevalence range reported for European sonographic studies to date. Age, positive family history, and increased BMI all correlated positively with the prevalence of gallbladder disease (P < 0.05). For the study population as a whole, there was no gender-specific increased risk for the development of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Germany
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Kratzer W, Kächele V, Mason RA, Muche R, Hay B, Wiesneth M, Hill V, Beckh K, Adler G. Gallstone prevalence in relation to smoking, alcohol, coffee consumption, and nutrition. The Ulm Gallstone Study. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32:953-8. [PMID: 9299677 DOI: 10.3109/00365529709011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides considering well-known risk factors for the development of gallbladder stones, such as age, sex, fecundity, and hereditary predisposition, efforts at prevention have focused increasingly on other factors, such as nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine consumption, as well as general nutrition, which may be modified. METHODS A total of 1116 blood donors were examined between April 1994 and February 1995 in the central blood bank of the German Red Cross in Ulm, Germany. Each subject received a questionnaire and underwent to an upper abdominal ultrasound examination. RESULTS Gallbladder stone disease (current cholecystolithiasis and history of cholecystectomy) was detailed in 5.8% of the men and 6.3% of the women. Neither regularity nor number of daily meals correlated with the frequency of gallstone disease. Vegetarians (n = 48), as a group, were not found to have gallstones. In relation to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine higher prevalence of cholecystolithiasis was found only in heavy drinkers of coffee (P = 0.051; odds ratio (OR), 1.083; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.999, 1.174). CONCLUSION Results of the present study do not show a definite relationship between nutritional factors and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine and an increased prevalence of gallbladder stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kratzer
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
The efficacy and safety of fleroxacin and ciprofloxacin were evaluated in a single-centre, prospective, randomised, blinded study of patients with complicated urinary infection in a spinal injury unit. Patients were randomised to receive oral fleroxacin 400 mg once daily (n = 68) or oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily (n = 65) for 10 days. Clinical cure assessed 5-9 days after therapy was obtained in 41 of 42 (98%) assessable patients in the fleroxacin group, and in 41 of 43 (95%) of the ciprofloxacin group, and was maintained at the 6-week follow-up visit in all but 1 patient in each group. Bacteriological eradication rates 5-9 days after therapy exceeded 88% in the fleroxacin group and 86% in the ciprofloxacin group, and 69 and 65%, respectively, 6 weeks after completion of therapy. Adverse events occurred in a similarly low percentage of patients (19 and 20%) in both treatment groups, and consisted primarily of nausea. Once daily fleroxacin appears to be as safe and effective as twice daily ciprofloxacin and both represent efficacious treatment in complicated urinary infection in spinal injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Whitby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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