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Abul Y, Nugent C, Vishnepolskiy I, Wallace T, Dickerson E, Holland L, Esparza I, Winkis M, Wali KT, Chan PA, Baier RR, Recker A, Kaczynski M, Kamojjala S, Pralea A, Rice H, Osias O, Oyebanji OA, Olagunju O, Cao Y, Li CJ, Roederer A, Pfeifer WM, King CL, Bosch J, Nanda A, McNicoll L, Mujahid N, Raza S, Tyagi R, Wilson BM, White EM, Canaday DH, Gravenstein S, Balazs AB. Broad immunogenicity to prior SARS-CoV-2 strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.21.24303684. [PMID: 38585784 PMCID: PMC10996740 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.24303684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has reduced hospitalization and mortality for nursing home residents (NHRs). However, emerging variants coupled with waning immunity, immunosenescence, and variability of vaccine efficacy undermine vaccine effectiveness. We therefore need to update our understanding of the immunogenicity of the most recent XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine to variant strains among NHRs. Methods The current study focuses on a subset of participants from a longitudinal study of consented NHRs and HCWs who have received serial blood draws to assess immunogenicity with each SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose. We report data on participants who received the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine after FDA approval in Fall 2023. NHRs were classified based on whether they had an interval SARS-CoV-2 infection between their first bivalent vaccine dose and their XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination. Results The sample included 61 NHRs [median age 76 (IQR 68-86), 51% female] and 28 HCWs [median age 45 (IQR 31-58), 46% female). Following XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination, there was a robust geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in XBB.1.5-specific neutralizing antibody titers of 17.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.3, 32.4) and 11.3 (95% CI 5, 25.4) in NHRs with and without interval infection, respectively. The GMFR in HCWs was 13.6 (95% CI 8.4,22). Similarly, we noted a robust GMFR in JN.1-specific neutralizing antibody titers of 14.9 (95% CI 7.9, 28) and 6.5 (95% CI 3.3, 13.1) among NHRs with and without interval infection, and a GMFR of 11.4 (95% CI 6.2, 20.9) in HCWs. NHRs with interval SARS-CoV-2 infection had higher neutralizing antibody titers across all analyzed strains following XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination, compared to NHRs without interval infection. Conclusion The XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine significantly elevates Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody titers to XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains in both NHRs and HCWs. This response was more pronounced in individuals known to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 since bivalent vaccination. Impact Statement All authors certify that this work entitled " Broad immunogenicity to prior strains and JN.1 variant elicited by XBB.1.5 vaccination in nursing home residents " is novel. It shows that the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine significantly elevates Omicron-specific neutralizing antibody titers in both nursing home residents and healthcare workers to XBB and BA.28.6/JN.1 strains. This work is important since JN.1 increased from less than 0.1% to 94% of COVID-19 cases from October 2023 to February 2024 in the US. This information is timely given the CDC's latest recommendation that adults age 65 and older receive a Spring 2024 XBB booster. Since the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine produces compelling immunogenicity to the most prevalent circulating JN.1 strain in nursing home residents, our findings add important support and rationale to encourage vaccine uptake. Key Points Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants together with waning immunity, immunosenescence, and variable vaccine efficacy reduce SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in nursing home residents.XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccination elicited robust response in both XBB.1.5 and JN.1 neutralizing antibodies in nursing home residents and healthcare workers, although the absolute titers to JN.1 were less than titers to XBB.1.5Why does this paper matter? Among nursing home residents, the XBB.1.5 monovalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produces compelling immunogenicity to the JN.1 strain, which represents 94% of all COVID-19 cases in the U.S. as of February 2024.
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Nugent C, Abul Y, White EM, Shehadeh F, Kaczynski M, Oscar Felix L, Ganesan N, Oyebanji OA, Vishnepolskiy I, Didion EM, Paxitzis A, Sheehan ML, Chan PA, Pfeifer WM, Dickerson E, Kamojjala S, Wilson BM, Mylonakis E, King CL, Balazs AB, Canaday DH, Gravenstein S. Second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster restores Omicron-specific neutralizing activity in both nursing home residents and health care workers. Vaccine 2023; 41:3403-3409. [PMID: 37117056 PMCID: PMC10123357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether the second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster increased antibody levels and their neutralizing activity to Omicron variants in nursing home residents (NH) residents and healthcare workers (HCW). We sampled 376 NH residents and 63 HCW after primary mRNA vaccination, first and second boosters, for antibody response and pseudovirus neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) (Wuhan-Hu-1) strain, Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. Antibody levels and neutralizing activity progressively increased with each booster but subsequently waned over 3-6 months. NH residents, both those without and with prior infection, had a robust geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) of 8.1 (95% CI 4.4, 14.8) and 7.8 (95% CI 4.8, 12.9) respectively in Omicron-BA.1 subvariant specific neutralizing antibody levels following the second booster vaccination (p < 0.001). These results support the ongoing efforts to ensure that both NH residents and HCW are up-to-date on recommended SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Nugent
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yasin Abul
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Brown University School of Public Health Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elizabeth M White
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew Kaczynski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lewis Oscar Felix
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Narchonai Ganesan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Oladayo A Oyebanji
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Igor Vishnepolskiy
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elise M Didion
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States
| | - Alexandra Paxitzis
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maegan L Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Evan Dickerson
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shreya Kamojjala
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brigid M Wilson
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Christopher L King
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - David H Canaday
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland VA, United States.
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.
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Nugent C, Abul Y, White E, Shehadeh F, Kaczynski M, Felix LO, Ganesan N, Oyebanji OA, Vishnepolskiy I, Didion EM, Paxitzis A, Sheehan ML, Mylonakis E, Wilson BM, Balazs AB, Chan PA, King CL, Pfeifer WM, Dickerson E, Canaday DH, Gravenstein S. Second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster restores Omicron-specific neutralizing activity in both nursing home residents and health care workers. medRxiv 2023:2023.01.22.23284881. [PMID: 36747765 PMCID: PMC9901038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.22.23284881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether the second monovalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA booster increased antibody levels and their neutralizing activity to Omicron variants in nursing home residents (NH) residents and healthcare workers (HCW). We sampled 367 NH residents and 60 HCW after primary mRNA vaccination, first and second boosters, for antibody response and pseudovirus neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) (Wuhan-Hu-1) strain and Omicron BA1 variant. Antibody levels and neutralizing activity progressively increased with each booster but subsequently waned over weeks. NH residents, both those without and with prior infection, had a robust geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) of 10.2 (95% CI 5.1, 20.3) and 6.5 (95% CI 4.5, 9.3) respectively in Omicron-BA.1 subvariant specific neutralizing antibody levels following the second booster vaccination (p<0.001). These results support the ongoing efforts to ensure that both NH residents and HCW are up to date on recommended SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster doses.
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Husain D, Meyer RD, Mehta M, Pfeifer WM, Chou E, Navruzbekov G, Ahmed E, Rahimi N. Role of c-Cbl-dependent regulation of phospholipase Cgamma1 activation in experimental choroidal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:6803-9. [PMID: 20592236 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 is necessary for proliferation and tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro. Previous work has demonstrated that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) promotes ubiquitination of PLCγ1 and suppression of its tyrosine phosphorylation. This study was designed to evaluate the importance of PLCγ1 and c-Cbl in experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS The role of PLCγ1 was studied in three models of angiogenesis: the endothelial cell culture system, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and the laser-induced CNV model. Endothelial cells were analyzed for the role of PLCγ1 in promoting tube formation. CAMs were incubated with pharmacologic agents that either inhibit or stimulate PLCγ1. CNV was induced in wild-type and c-Cbl-knockout mice, and the progression of CNV was evaluated by fluorescein angiography. RESULTS Activation of PLCγ1 was necessary for tube formation of endothelial cells. PLCγ1 stimulation increased the growth of blood vessels and conversely, PLCγ1 inhibition decreased the growth of blood vessels in the CAM model. CNV lesions in the c-Cbl-knockout mice were significantly greater in number, more confluent, and increased in size with time, compared with those in the control wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS The data show that PLCγ1 plays an important role in angiogenesis. Loss of c-Cbl results in enhanced CNV in the eye. The study also shows that c-Cbl plays an important role in ocular angiogenesis, suggesting that modulation of c-Cbl activity or inhibition of PLCγ1 would be a compelling target for antiangiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeba Husain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Horn T, Kremer M, Dechow T, Pfeifer WM, Geist B, Perker M, Duyster J, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fend F. Detection of the activating JAK2 V617F mutation in paraffin-embedded trephine bone marrow biopsies of patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases. J Mol Diagn 2006; 8:299-304. [PMID: 16825501 PMCID: PMC1867602 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2006.050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the activating V617F mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase in a high proportion of patients with Ph- chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD) represents a diagnostic breakthrough for these disorders. Trephine bone marrow biopsy is an essential part of the diagnostic workup of CMPD and represents a valuable archival source of DNA. Therefore, we studied 152 paraffin-embedded trephines with CMPD and related disorders for the presence of the V617F mutation, using both allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR with subsequent digestion with BsaXI. Only 6 of 152 (4%) samples were not evaluable because of poor DNA quality. The V617F mutation was detected in 27 of 28 (96%) cases of polycythemia vera, 17 of 23 (74%) cases of essential thrombocythemia, 28 of 45 (62%) cases of chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, six of eight (75%) cases of CMPD unclassified, and two of four (50%) cases of myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome. Ph+ chronic myelogenous leukemia (four cases), reactive (secondary) erythrocytosis (14 cases), and thrombocytosis (one case) as well as normal controls (19 cases) all lacked the V617F mutation. Based on results of BsaXI digestion and sequencing, 24 of 54 (44%) evaluable V617F+ cases were considered homozygously mutated. Thus, detection of the V617F JAK2 mutation is feasible in paraffin-embedded trephine biopsies and represents a major advance in the diagnostic evaluation of CMPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horn
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Levi E, Wang Z, Petrogiannis-Haliotis T, Pfeifer WM, Kempf W, Drews R, Kadin ME. Distinct effects of CD30 and Fas signaling in cutaneous anaplastic lymphomas: a possible mechanism for disease progression. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:1034-40. [PMID: 11121138 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid papulosis is part of a spectrum of CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by spontaneous tumor regression. The mechanism(s) of regression is unknown. In a recent study, a selective increase in CD30 ligand expression in regressing lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis and cutaneous CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma was shown, suggesting that activation of the CD30 signaling pathway may be responsible for tumor regression, whereas no difference in Fas/Fas ligand expression was found between regressing and nonregressing lesions. Therefore we tested the effects of CD30 and Fas activation on three CD30+ cutaneous lymphoma cell lines (Mac-1, Mac-2 A, JK) derived from nonregressing tumors of two patients who had progressed from lymphomatoid papulosis to systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. To evaluate the effects of CD30 signaling, the cell lines were incubated with a CD30 agonistic antibody, HeFi-1. Proliferative responses, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B activities were determined with and without CD30 activation. Mac-1 and Mac-2 A showed increased proliferative responses to incubation with CD30 activating antibody, HeFi-1. Inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase activity caused growth inhibition of the Mac-1, Mac-2 A, and JK cell lines. Activation of the Fas pathway induced apoptosis in all three cell lines. Taken together, these findings suggest that resistance to CD30-mediated growth inhibition provides a possible mechanism for escape of cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma from tumor regression. Mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 115:1034-1040, 2000
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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8
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Schiemann WP, Pfeifer WM, Levi E, Kadin ME, Lodish HF. A deletion in the gene for transforming growth factor beta type I receptor abolishes growth regulation by transforming growth factor beta in a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 1999; 94:2854-61. [PMID: 10515889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous regression of skin lesions is characteristic of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), a clonal cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder. A minority of LyP patients progress to anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in which skin lesions no longer regress and extracutaneous dissemination often occurs. In 1 such case, we developed a tumor cell line, JK cells, and show that these cells are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) due to the loss of cell surface expression of the TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of JK cell TbetaR-I cDNA clones identified a deletion that spanned the last 178 bp of exon 1, including the initiating methionine. Hybridization of a radiolabeled fragment internal to the deletion was detected in the genomes of TGF-beta-responsive cells, but not in JK cells, indicating that they contain no wild-type TbetaR-I gene. PCR primers that flanked the deleted TbetaR-I region amplified a single band from JK cell genomic DNA that lacked the last 178 bp of exon 1 and all of the approximately 5 kb of intron 1. This JK cell-specific genomic TbetaR-I PCR product was distinct from products amplified from TGF-beta-responsive cells and was also readily detected in tumor biopsies obtained before the establishment of the JK cell line. Our results identify the first inactivating mutation in TbetaR-I gene in a human lymphoma that renders it insensitive to growth inhibition by TGF-beta.
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MESH Headings
- Activin Receptors, Type I
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Division
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Exons/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Lymphomatoid Papulosis/genetics
- Lymphomatoid Papulosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Deletion
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Schiemann
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridgge, MA 02142, USA
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