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Tao H, Huang LJ, Li SQ, Lu F, Cai WH, Wang HL. Insight into the promoted recrystallization and water distribution of bread by removing starch granule - surface and - associated proteins during storage. Food Chem 2024; 446:138829. [PMID: 38442681 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The influence of starch granule surface proteins (SGSPs) and starch granule-associated proteins (SGAPs) on bread retrogradation was investigated in a reconstituted dough system. The removal of both SGSPs and SGAPs resulted in poor bread qualities, decreasing specific volume and crumb porosity, leading to more baking loss and compact crumb structure. Particularly, removing SGSPs was effective in promoting the bread retrogradation. After 7 days of storage, the hardness of bread without SGSPs showed an increase of 353.34 g than the bread without SGAPs. Proton population and relaxation times exhibited that the absence of SGSPs significantly decreased the content of bound water from 11.51 % to 7.03 %, indicating lower water-holding capacity due to the loosen gelling structure. Compared to the control group, bread without SGSPs accelerated the starch recrystallinity by a reduction in soluble starch content, thereby increasing the retrogradation enthalpy and relative crystallinity through promoting the molecular reassociation in starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Li-Jiao Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Shuo-Qian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Fan Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Wan-Hao Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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Tao H, Fang XH, Cai WH, Zhang S, Wang HL. Retrogradation behaviors of damaged wheat starch with different water contents. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101258. [PMID: 38444557 PMCID: PMC10912606 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The retrogradation behaviors of five damaged wheat starches (DS) after milling 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min with different water contents (33, 50, 60 %) were evaluated. Milling treatment increased DS content and developed an agglomeration of small particles. After 7 days of storage, the recrystallinity and long-range ordered structure of starch pastes were increased with the contents of DS and water. This process led to a lower setback viscosity and poor leaching of amylose. LF-NMR indicated a conversion from tightly bound water and free water to weakly bound water. During storage, DS12 with 60 % water content had the highest retrogradation tendency where the retrogradation enthalpy increased by 1.5 J/g and 2.2 J/g compared with DS0 with 60 % and DS12 with 33 % water content. DS with higher water content promoted the water mobility and made the starch molecular chains migrated conveniently. These changes facilitated the recrystallinity process during retrogradation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Xiao-Han Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Wan-Hao Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564502, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
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Bai L, Yang HY, Cai WH, Bi J, Luo H, Yang MD. [Analysis of occupational health surveillance of workers exposed to benzenemethylbenzene and dimethylbenzene]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2019; 37:473-475. [PMID: 31256537 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Su ZJ, Hu SG, Cai WH, Yang XF, Wang J, Fan JB, Huang HY, Huang WX. [Establishment of arsenic speciation analysis method and application in rice]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:994-1002. [PMID: 30392316 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A new ion exchange column technology was used to establish an efficient and sensitive method for the detection of inorganic arsenic. Methods: Based on the new As Specia Fast Column, the pretreatment methods, liquid phase separation and mass spectrometry determination conditions of inorganic arsenic in rice were optimized. Finally, arsenic compounds were separated by As Specia Fast Column and detected by liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The external standard method was used for quantitative analysis. The detection limit, precision and accuracy of the method were determined by measuring the content of arsenic compounds in rice samples and rice standard samples. At the same time, three Guangdong rice samples were selected as the experimental samples of this study, and 1 g of each sample was weighed and measured in parallel three times. The method was compared with the method of liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-AFS) and liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) in the national standard. Results: The inorganic arsenic in rice was extracted with 0.5% nitric acid solution at 65 ℃ for 15 h, and the pH was adjusted to alkaline. The mobile phase A (8 mmol/L HNO(3), 50 mmol/L NH(3)·H(2)O) and mobile phase B (40 mmol/L HNO(3), 80 mmol/L NH(3)·H(2)O) were used as the mobile phase gradient elution (93%) . Five arsenic compounds can reach baseline separation under the conditions of RF power of 1 500 W and atomization gas flow of 0.97 L/min. The detection limits ranged from 0.114 to 0.331 μg/L, and the inorganic arsenic content in rice samples ranged from 0.063 to 0.232 mg/kg. The results of determination of arsenic compounds in rice flour reference materials were all within the uncertainty range indicated by the standard. The recoveries were 86.7%~106.7%, and the precision was 1.9%-12.5%. Compared with national standards, the results of determination of arsenate in rice were relatively close (using this method, LC-AFS, LC-ICP-MS to detect the content of arsenate in rice samples 1 was 0.231, 0.226, 0.236 mg/kg, respectively). However, due to insufficient sensitivity, the national standard method is difficult to detect low levels of arsenic compounds (Arsenobetaine was not detected in rice sample 1). The method can detect the content of arsenobetaine in rice sample 1 was 0.023 mg/kg. Conclusion: The established method can meet the requirements of inorganic arsenic determination in rice, and it is more rapid and accurate than the current national standard. It can better monitor and evaluate the content of i-As in rice, and provide accurate data for comprehensively grasping and evaluating the safety of rice consumption of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Su
- Department of inspection, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Abstract
Glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is an envelope protein that is essential for viral growth. We previously reported the isolation of two gB-null viruses, which form gB-free virions in nonpermissive cells. In the present study, these gB-free virions were shown to bind to the cell surface at the same rate as the wild-type virus. They failed, however, to form plaques and to synthesize virus-specific proteins upon infection. Their plating efficiency was significantly enhanced by treatment with polyethylene glycol, a membrane fusion agent. Therefore, gB is required in a stage after viral attachment but before the expression of the virus-specific proteins. A gB-null syncytial virus was isolated, which contained a gB defect and a syncytial mutation in another genetic locus. It caused complete fusion of gB-transformed cells but no fusion on untransformed cells, indicating the essential role of gB in virus-induced cell fusion. Mutations located at two independent sites in the cytoplasmic domain of gB were transferred to viral DNA and shown to confer a syncytial phenotype to the virus. A transient-expression assay was developed to determine the ability of a set of plasmids containing addition and nonsense mutations in the gB gene to complement the cell-fusion defect in the gB-null syncytial virus. Mutations in plasmids, including those located in the extracytoplasmic domain of gB, were identified that reduced the fusion activity of gB. Therefore, gB contains different functional regions responsible for fusion induction and its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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Highlander SL, Cai WH, Person S, Levine M, Glorioso JC. Monoclonal antibodies define a domain on herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B involved in virus penetration. J Virol 1988; 62:1881-8. [PMID: 2452895 PMCID: PMC253270 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.1881-1888.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an earlier report (S.D. Marlin, S.L. Highlander, T.C. Holland, M. Levine, and J.C. Glorioso, J. Virol. 59: 142-153), we described the production and use of complement-dependent virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and MAb-resistant (mar) mutants to identify five antigenic sites (I to V) on herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein B (gB). In the present study, the mechanism of virus neutralization was determined for a MAb specific for site III (B4), the only site recognized by MAbs which exhibited complement-independent virus-neutralizing ability. This antibody had no detectable effect on virus attachment but neutralized viruses after adsorption to cell monolayers. These findings implied that the mechanism of B4 neutralization involved blocking of virus penetration. The remaining antibodies, which recognized sites I, II, and IV, required active complement for effective neutralization. These were further studied for their ability to impede virus infectivity in the absence of complement. Antibodies to sites I (B1 and B3) and IV (B6) slowed the rate at which viruses penetrated cell surfaces, supporting the conclusion that antibody binding to gB can inhibit penetration by a virus. The data suggest that MAbs can interfere with penetration by a virus by binding to a domain within gB which is involved in this process. In another assay of virus infection, MAb B6 significantly reduced plaque development, indicating that antibody binding to gB expressed on infected-cell surfaces can also interfere with the ability of a virus to spread from cell to cell. In contrast to these results, antibodies to site II (B2 and B5) had no effect on virus infectivity; this suggests that they recognized structures which do not play a direct role in the infectious process. To localize regions of gB involved in these phenomena, antibody-binding sites were operationally mapped by radioimmunoprecipitation of a panel of truncated gB molecules produced in transient-expression assays. Residues critical to recognition by antibodies which affect penetration by a virus (sites I, III, and IV) mapped to a region of the molecule (amino acid residues 241 to 441) which is centrally located within the external domain. Antibodies which had no effect on penetration (site II) recognized sequences distal to this region (residues 596 to 737) near the transmembrane domain. The data suggest that these gB-specific MAbs recognize two major antigenic sites which reside in physically distinct components of the external domain of gB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Highlander
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109
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Stillman MJ, Law AY, Cai WH, Zelazowski AJ. Information on metal binding properties of metallothioneins from optical spectroscopy. Experientia Suppl 1987; 52:203-11. [PMID: 2959506 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-6784-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Absorption, circular dichroism and emission measurements made during titrations of rabbit liver Zn-MT and calf liver Cu, Zn-MT with Cd2+ and Cu+ are reported. There are systematic changes in the CD and emission spectra that can be associated with the formation of several species during these titrations. Addition of Cu+ to Zn-MT results in the formation of distinct species that form at specific stoichiometries, these are: Cu6-MT, Cu12-MT and Cu20-MT. The emission intensity due to Cu+ provides a sensitive indication of the presence of Cu-S clusters for the Cu6-MT and Cu12-MT species, suggesting that Cu6-Sx clusters form in both the alpha and beta domains of the protein. The data also demonstrate that Cd7-MT will bind 12 Cu+ to form a species with the stoichiometry of 12 Cu: 4 Cd, and that, surprisingly, Cu12-MT will also bind Cd2+ to form this same new species. It is suggested that the new species incorporates a Cu6 cluster in the beta domain and a mixed-metal Cu6, Cd4 cluster in the alpha domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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