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Tang HL, Jiang J, Yu WN, Zhao LL, Fan Q, Wang FY, Pan XH. [A clustered epidemic investigation of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact of HIV in Zhejiang Province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1270-1275. [PMID: 37661620 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230203-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify the transmission relationship between HIV infection cases the non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact in Zhejiang Province. Methods: When HIV positive was informed during January 2020 to January 2022, the staff conducted an epidemiological investigation to collect cases information on sociodemographic characteristics, mobility information, past HIV testing history, high-risk sexual behaviors, sexual partners, and etcetera. At the same time, 6-8 ml of blood from the new diagnosis of people infected with HIV before antiviral treatment was collected to separate the bleeding plasma. pol gene was amplified by nucleic acid extraction and PCR, sequenced by Sequencer 5.0 software, and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to draw HIV molecular transmission network. Results: From January 2020 to January 2022, 88 HIV infected individuals were found in Pujiang County, of which 74 were transmitted through heterosexual transmission, of which 31 were infected through non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact. Preliminary case studies have found that three female cases have engaged in unprotected non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact with one male case. Among the 4 infected individuals, 2 of their spouses tested positive for HIV antibodies. Molecular transmission network monitoring was carried out on 65 newly diagnosed cases of heterosexual transmission with acquired sequences, forming 9 transmission clusters. The largest cluster contained 10 cases. A total of 11 HIV-infected individuals were involved in this HIV cluster epidemic. They were 3 males and 8 females, all over 50 years old and were farmers or rural housewives. They were traced to 7 sexual partners (6 negatives of HIV, 1 undetected). Among the 18 respondents' sexual social network relationships, there were 6 couples, 8 permanent partners, and 3 temporary partners. Among 11 HIV infected individuals, there were 9 cases of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual transmission and 2 cases of intramarital transmission. The epidemiological association between 7 non-married non-commercial heterosexual partners and case 2 (56-year-old male farmer), 3 cases confirmed by epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission cluster results, 3 cases confirmed by molecular transmission cluster and epidemiological investigation results, and 1 case confirmed by epidemiological investigation results. Conclusions: The transmission mode of this cluster epidemic was to spread HIV through heterosexual sex with a male case as the core, then cause the transmission within marriage and between fixed sexual partners. The combination of epidemiological investigation and molecular transmission network traceability survey supports the conclusion of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Tang
- Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua 321002, China Zhejiang Association of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - J Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - W N Yu
- Pujiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Pujiang 322200, China
| | - L L Zhao
- Pujiang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhejiang Province, Pujiang 322200, China
| | - Q Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - F Y Wang
- Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinhua 321002, China Zhejiang Association of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - X H Pan
- Zhejiang Association of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Tsai CL, Yang PS, Hsu FM, Cheng AL, Yu WN, Cheng JCH. Topoisomerase I Inhibition Radiosensitizing Hepatocellular Carcinoma by RNF144A-mediated DNA-PKcs Ubiquitination and Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:614-625. [PMID: 36969901 PMCID: PMC10037509 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Topoisomerase I (TOP1) participates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) upon radiation therapy (RT). RNF144A mediates ubiquitination of catalytic subunit of DNA protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), a critical factor in DSB repair. This study aimed to investigate the natural killer (NK) cell-mediated radiosensitization with TOP1 inhibition and the mechanism by DNA-PKcs/RNF144A. Methods In vitro synergism with TOP1i or cocultured NK cells and RT were evaluated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (Huh7/PLC5) by clonogenic survivals. Orthotopic xenografts were treated with Lipotecan and/or RT. Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, subcellular fractionation, and confocal microscopy. Results Lipotecan/RT had a superior synergistic effect to RT on HCC cells. Combined RT/Lipotecan reduced the xenograft size by 7-fold than RT (p<0.05). Lipotecan caused more radiation-induced DNA damage and DNA-PKcs signaling. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B (MICA/B) on tumor cells is associated with the sensitivity to NK cell-mediated lysis. Cocultured NK and HCC cells with Lipotecan radiosensitized HCC cells/tissues with the expression of MICA/B. RNF144A increased more in Huh7 cells with combined RT/TOP1i, and reduced the prosurvival function of DNA-PKcs. The effect was reversed by inhibiting the ubiquitin/proteasome system. In comparison, RNF144A decreased through nuclear translocation with the cumulated DNA-PKcs and radio-resistance of PLC5 cells. Conclusions TOP1i reinforces NK cell-activated anti-HCC effect of RT through RNF144A mediated DNA-PKcs ubiquitination. RNF144A provides a reason for differentiating radiosensitization effect between HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - Feng-Ming Hsu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | | | | | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
- Correspondence to: Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Rd., Taipei. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-0220. Tel: +886-2-2356-2842, Fax: +886-2-2331-2172, E-mail:
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Song HL, Han HJ, Yu WN, Wang LZ. [Adaptation of Suaeda salsa to water/sediment conditions and nitrogen input in tidal flat wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31:1333-1340. [PMID: 32530209 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of Water-Sediment Regulation Project provides abundant freshwater for the Yellow River Delta, changes water and sediment condition, as well as brings lots of exogenous substances. Using orthogonal test with three factors and four levels, we examined the effects of water condition, sediment burial depth and exogenous nitrogen input on the growth of wetland plant, Suaeda salsa. The results showed that sediment burial had great effect on protein content and SOD activity. Nitrogen input had great effect on POD activity. CAT activity was not affected by sediment burial, nitrogen input and water depth. The water depth manipulation had significant effect on leaf, stem and total dry weight. With the increases of water depth, leaf, stem and total dry weight showed a decreasing trend, with the maximum values (25.70, 40.86, 69.73 g) at the 2 cm water depth. There was no effect of nitrogen input and sediment burial on dry weight. The results of range analysis showed that the effect of water depth on leaf, stem, root and total dry weight was great, and followed by nitrogen input and sediment burial, with an optimal combination of 2 cm water depth +12 cm sediment burial + 9 g·m-2 nitrogen input. These findings suggested that water condition played a decisive role in affecting the growth of S. salsa. Consequently, more attention should be paid to the control of water depth in the process of water and sediment regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection/College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Jun Han
- Yishui Water Conservancy Bureau, Linyi 276400, Shandong, China
| | - Wan-Ni Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection/College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Zhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection/College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China
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Song HL, Wang LZ, Yu WN, Wu XY. [Effects of Sediment Burial and Exogenous Cd Input on Biomass Allocation and Antioxidative Enzyme Activities of Suaeda salsa in the Coastal Wetland of the Yellow River Delta]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2018; 39:3910-3916. [PMID: 29998701 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201710216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta has been facing the threat of functional degradation during the recent years. The Water-Sediment Regulation Project not only supplements abundant freshwater, but also alters the sediment burial and heavy metal levels, which affects vegetation growth. Thus, we selected the pioneer species Suaeda salsa, to study the effects of different sediment burial depths (0, 3, 6, 12 cm) and exogenous Cd inputs (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg·kg-1) on biomass allocation and activities of antioxidative enzymes in the coastal wetlands of the Yellow River delta. The results showed that a shallow or moderate burial depth had a stimulatory effect on chlorophyll content, while an excessive burial depth inhibited the growth of Suaeda salsa and chlorophyll content. With increasing Cd input, chlorophyll content and dry mass decreased. At a lower Cd input and moderate burial depth, activities of CAT and SOD increased, and at high levels, SOD activities decreased, while activities of CAT at a 12 cm burial depth and 1.0 mg·kg-1, 1.5 mg·kg-1 Cd input were higher than those for the control (62.66% and 58.56%). CAT activities reached high values (15.76 U·mg-1) at a high Cd input (1.5 mg·kg-1) and burial depth (12 cm). Analysis of variance showed that Cd input had a significant effect on protein content, and CAT and SOD activities, and sediment burial depth had a significant effect on the protein content and SOD activities. Interaction between Cd input and sediment burial depth had a significant effect on CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05). These results demonstrated that sediment burial depth and Cd input had a great influence on the growth of Suaeda salsa, and to some extent, Suaeda salsa could change its biomass allocation and antioxidative enzyme activities to adapt to severe environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Li-Zhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Wan-Ni Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Xi-Yuan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
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Wang Q, Yu WN, Chen X, Peng XD, Jeon SM, Birnbaum MJ, Guzman G, Hay N. Spontaneous Hepatocellular Carcinoma after the Combined Deletion of Akt Isoforms. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:523-535. [PMID: 26996309 PMCID: PMC4921241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Akt is frequently hyperactivated in human cancers and is targeted for cancer therapy. However, the physiological consequences of systemic Akt isoform inhibition were not fully explored. We showed that while combined Akt1 and Akt3 deletion in adult mice is tolerated, combined Akt1 and Akt2 deletion induced rapid mortality. Akt2(-/-) mice survived hepatic Akt1 deletion but all developed spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is associated with FoxO-dependent liver injury and inflammation. The gene expression signature of HCC-bearing livers is similar to aggressive human HCC. Consistently, neither Akt1(-/-) nor Akt2(-/-) mice are resistant to diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, and Akt2(-/-) mice display a high incidence of lung metastasis. Thus, in contrast to other cancers, hepatic Akt inhibition induces liver injury that could promote HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Wan-Ni Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Xiao-Ding Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sang-Min Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Research & Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Yu WN, Nogueira V, Sobhakumari A, Patra KC, Bhaskar PT, Hay N. Systemic Akt1 Deletion after Tumor Onset in p53(-/-) Mice Increases Lifespan and Regresses Thymic Lymphoma Emulating p53 Restoration. Cell Rep 2015; 12:610-21. [PMID: 26190111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt is frequently activated in human cancers. However, it is unknown whether systemic inhibition of a single Akt isoform could regress cancer progression in cancers that are not driven by Akt activation. We systemically deleted Akt1 after tumor onset in p53(-/-) mice, which develop tumors independently of Akt activation. Systemic Akt1 deletion regresses thymic lymphoma in p53(-/-) mice emulating p53 restoration. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Akt selectively kills thymic lymphoma cells and not primary thymocytes. Mechanistically, Akt1 inhibition in p53(-/-) thymic lymphoma inhibits Skp2 expression and induces FasL, which is the primary cause of cell death. Skp2 exerts resistance to cell death by antagonizing the induction of FasL and reducing FAS expression, which is linked to cyclin D1 expression. The results established a paradigm whereby systemic Akt1 inhibition is sufficient to regress tumors that are not driven by Akt activation and a mechanism of cell survival by Skp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ni Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Veronique Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Arya Sobhakumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Krushna C Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Prashanth T Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nissim Hay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Research & Development Section, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Tonic I, Yu WN, Park Y, Chen CC, Hay N. Akt activation emulates Chk1 inhibition and Bcl2 overexpression and abrogates G2 cell cycle checkpoint by inhibiting BRCA1 foci. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:23790-8. [PMID: 20495005 PMCID: PMC2911328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt is perhaps the most frequently activated oncoprotein in human cancers. Overriding cell cycle checkpoint in combination with the inhibition of apoptosis are two principal requirements for predisposition to cancer. Here we show that the activation of Akt is sufficient to promote these two principal processes, by inhibiting Chk1 activation with concomitant inhibition of apoptosis. These activities of Akt cannot be recapitulated by the knockdown of Chk1 alone or by overexpression of Bcl2. Rather the combination of Chk1 knockdown and Bcl2 overexpression is required to recapitulate Akt activities. Akt was shown to directly phosphorylate Chk1. However, we found that Chk1 mutants in the Akt phosphorylation sites behave like wild-type Chk1 in mediating G2 arrest, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Chk1 by Akt is either dispensable for Chk1 activity or insufficient by itself to exert an effect on Chk1 activity. Here we report a new mechanism by which Akt affects G2 cell cycle arrest. We show that Akt inhibits BRCA1 function that induces G2 cell cycle arrest. Akt prevents the translocation of BRCA1 to DNA damage foci and, thereby, inhibiting the activation of Chk1 following DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Tonic
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Wan-Ni Yu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Youngku Park
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Nissim Hay
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like interleukin-1-beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) inhibits death receptor-induced apoptosis by binding to FADD (Fas-associated death domain protein) and pro-caspase-8. c-FLIP has also been shown to transmit activation signals and to enhance interleukin (IL)-2 production. However, c-FLIP-mediated T cell activation is difficult to detect in most cells. We found that in DO11.10 T cells, c-FLIP expression led to inhibition of IL-2 production, in contrast to the readily detectable c-FLIP-induced activation in Jurkat cells. A direct comparison revealed that distinct signal pathways were regulated by c-FLIP in Jurkat cells and DO11.10 cells. We investigated whether constitutively activated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in Jurkat cells stimulated c-FLIP. Inhibition of PI3K in Jurkat cells abrogated a c-FLIP-mediated increase in IL-2 production. In addition, c-FLIP coordinated with active PI3K for ERK activation. Furthermore, introduction of PTEN back into Jurkat cells eliminated the stimulatory effect of c-FLIP on IL-2 production and ERK activation. Our results suggest that priming with PI3K promotes the coupling of c-FLIP to T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wen Fang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11472, Taiwan
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Zao CL, Yu WN, Kao CL, Taniguchi K, Lee CY, Lee CN. Sequence analysis of VP1 and VP7 genes suggests occurrence of a reassortant of G2 rotavirus responsible for an epidemic of gastroenteritis. J Gen Virol 1999; 80 ( Pt 6):1407-1415. [PMID: 10374958 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-6-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
G2 rotavirus was prevalent in a 1993 epidemic of acute gastroenteritis in Taiwan. In this study, the genetic relationship among G2 rotavirus strains was analysed. The VP7 genes were amplified and sequenced. Except for one strain isolated in 1981, the nucleotide sequences of the VP7 genes of most of the G2 rotaviruses were very similar (identity > 97%) and were closely related to that of a Japanese G2 reference strain, S2. The genetic relatedness of G2 rotaviruses was analysed further by RNA-RNA hybridization. The genomes of the major G2 strains of 1993 did not hybridize well with those of the G2 strains of previous seasons in RNA segments 1, 6 and 7. Partial nucleotide sequences of the VP1 gene were analysed and appeared to be similar among the major G2 strains from the same epidemic (identity > 98%), whereas the identity of the VP1 genes of the major G2 strains of the 1993 epidemic to those of previous seasons was only about 84%. Since the numbers of mutations accumulated in the VP1 and VP7 genes over a period of 10 years were comparable, the significant change in the VP1 genes of the major strains of the 1993 epidemic suggests that these G2 rotaviruses had evolved by genetic reassortment.
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Shen WJ, Zhang P, Liu XL, Yu WN. [Pulmonary metastasis from the malignant neoplasms of major salivary gland: Clinical analysis of 22 patients]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1996; 5:179-80. [PMID: 15160019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W J Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University. Xi'an 71004,China
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Abstract
The activity of beta-glucuronidase (beta-D-glucuronide glycuronohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.31) in placental and hydatidiform mole tissue and in sera from non-pregnant, normal and molar pregnant women was determined. The oestrogen concentrations in the two solid tissues were also assayed. Significant differences were found in the activities of the enzyme between placental and molar tissues and among the various sera. The lower activity in molar serum corresponds to a lower concentration of oestrogens in molar tissues and may be regarded as a response to the alleviation of conjugation requirements.
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