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Singh S, Raucci A, Cimmino W, Cinti S. Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3698-3706. [PMID: 38377543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have caused a significant revolution in cancer diagnosis, and the use of point of care (PoC) platforms has the potential to bring liquid biopsy-based cancer detection closer to patients. These platforms provide rapid and on-site analysis by reducing the time between sample collection and results output. The aim of this tutorial content is to provide readers an in-depth understanding regarding the choice of the ideal sensing platform suitable for specific cancer-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT Center- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Raucci A, Miglione A, Cimmino W, Cioffi A, Singh S, Spinelli M, Amoresano A, Musile G, Cinti S. Technical Evaluation of a Paper-Based Electrochemical Strip to Measure Nitrite Ions in the Forensic Field. ACS Meas Sci Au 2024; 4:136-143. [PMID: 38404486 PMCID: PMC10885323 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite is a compound used as a food additive for its preservative action and coloring capability, as well as an industrial agent for its antifreezing action and for preventing corrosion, and it is also used as a pharmaceutical in cyanide detoxification therapy. However, even recently, because of its high toxicity, it has been used as a murder and suicidal agent due to its affordability and ready availability. In this technical report, we describe an electrochemical paper-based device for selectively determining nitrite in complex biofluids, such as blood, cadaveric blood, vitreous humor, serum, plasma, and urine. The approach was validated in terms of the linearity of response, selectivity, and sensitivity, and the accuracy of the determination was verified by comparing the results with a chromatographic instrumental method. A linear response was observed in the micromolar range; the sensitivity of the method expressed as the limit of detection was 0.4 μM in buffer measurements. The simplicity of use, the portability of the device, and the performance shown make the approach suitable for detecting nitrite in complex biofluids, including contexts of forensic interest, such as murders or suicides in which nitrite is used as a toxic agent. Limits of detection of ca. 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, and 4 μM were obtained in vitreous humor, urine, serum and plasma, blood, and cadaveric blood, also highlighting a satisfactory accuracy comprised between 91 and 112%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Raucci
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Miglione
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cioffi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Musile
- Department
of Diagnostics and Public Health, University
of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- BAT
Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental
Technology, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Raucci A, Cimmino W, Romanò S, Singh S, Normanno N, Polo F, Cinti S. Electrochemical detection of miRNA using commercial and hand-made screen-printed electrodes: liquid biopsy for cancer management as case of study. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300203. [PMID: 38333968 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth of liquid biopsy, i. e., the possibility of obtaining health information by analysing circulating species (nucleic acids, cells, proteins, and vesicles) in peripheric biofluids, is pushing the field of sensors and biosensors beyond the limit to provide decentralised solutions for nonspecialists. In particular, among all the circulating species that can be adopted in managing cancer evolution, both for diagnostic and prognostic applications, microRNAs have been highly studied and detected. The development of electrochemical devices is particularly relevant for liquid biopsy purposes, and the screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represent one of the building blocks for producing novel portable devices. In this work, we have taken miR-2115-3p as model target (it is related to lung cancer), and we have developed a biosensor by exploiting the use of a complementary DNA probe modified with methylene blue as redox mediator. In particular, the chosen sensing architecture was applied to serum measurements of the selected miRNA, obtaining a detection limit within the low nanomolar range; in addition, various platforms were interrogated, namely commercial and hand-made SPEs, with the aim of providing the reader with some insights about the optimal platform to be used by considering both the cost and the analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Raucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori (IRCCS) Fondazione Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Polo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 9, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Cimmino W, Migliorelli D, Singh S, Miglione A, Generelli S, Cinti S. Design of a printed electrochemical strip towards miRNA-21 detection in urine samples: optimization of the experimental procedures for real sample application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04659-x. [PMID: 37000212 PMCID: PMC10328899 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are clinical biomarkers for various human diseases, including cancer. They have been found in liquid biopsy samples, including various bodily fluids. They often play an important role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, and the development of simple and effective analytical methods would be of pivotal importance for the entire community. The determination of these targets may be affected by the different physicochemical parameters of the specimen of interest. In this work, an electrochemical detection platform for miRNA based on a screen-printed gold electrode was developed. In the present study, miRNA-21 was selected as a model sequence, due to its role in prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers. A DNA sequence modified with methylene blue (MB) was covalently bound to the electrochemical strip and used to detect the selected target miRNA-21. After optimization of selected parameters in standard solutions, including the study of the effect of pH, the presence of interferent species, and NaCl salt concentration in the background, the application of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) technique allowed the detection of miRNA-21 down to a limit in the order of 2 nM. The developed device was then applied to several urine samples. In this case too, the device showed high selectivity in the presence of the complex matrix, satisfactory repeatability, and a limit of detection in the order of magnitude of nM, similarly as what observed in standard solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Cimmino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Migliorelli
- CSEM SA Centre Suisse d'Electronique Et de Microtechnique, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Miglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Generelli
- CSEM SA Centre Suisse d'Electronique Et de Microtechnique, Bahnhofstrasse 1, 7302, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies On Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055, Naples, Italy.
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