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Wong WH, Dudula JJ, Beaudoin T, Groff K, Kimball W, Swigor J. Declining ambient water phosphorus concentrations in Massachusetts' rivers from 1999 to 2013: Environmental protection works. Water Res 2018; 139:108-117. [PMID: 29631186 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last century, nutrient concentrations in streams, rivers, lakes and ponds have increased substantially in the United States. Elevated phosphorus levels are a concern due to their ability to cause changes in freshwater ecosystems that are detrimental to humans and wildlife. In the present study, long-term trends in total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from 20 rivers in central Massachusetts from 1999 to 2013 were investigated. Kendall's correlation coefficients were used to demonstrate that 18 of the 20 rivers had significant reductions in TP concentrations (P < 0.05). A similar trend was found when flow-adjusted TP concentrations were analyzed. At the beginning of monitoring activities, the average TP concentration in 9 of the 20 rivers was greater than 0.05 mg/L and 6 of these 9 rivers contained TP concentrations greater than 0.1 mg/L; about fifteen years later, only 3 rivers contained TP greater than 0.05 mg/L and none had concentrations> 0.1 mg/L. TP decreases were greater in rivers with more anthropogenic inputs. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the decline of TP in these Massachusetts streams is likely the result of advancements in wastewater treatment and implementation of effective non-point source management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hing Wong
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA; Wetlands and Wastewater Program, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, One Winter Street, Boston, MA, 02108, USA.
| | - John J Dudula
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Therese Beaudoin
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Kimberly Groff
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Warren Kimball
- Watershed Planning Program, Division of Watershed Management, Bureau of Water Resources, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
| | - Juliet Swigor
- Central Regional Office, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 8 New Bond Street, Worcester, MA, 01606, USA
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Bittl JA, Chaitman BR, Feit F, Kimball W, Topol EJ. Bivalirudin versus heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable or postinfarction angina: Final report reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study. Am Heart J 2001; 142:952-9. [PMID: 11717596 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.119374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was a reanalysis of the Bivalirudin Angioplasty Study, which compared bivalirudin with high-dose heparin during coronary angioplasty for unstable angina. METHODS Differences in rates of death, myocardial infarction, or repeat revascularization were compared at 7, 90, and 180 days after angioplasty with intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS The combined end point occurred in 135 of 2161 patients (6.2%) in the bivalirudin group and in 169 of 2151 patients (7.9%) in the heparin group at 7 days (P =.039). Differences persisted between the groups at 90 days (P =.012) and 180 days (P =.153). Bleeding occurred in 76 patients (3.5%) in the bivalirudin group versus 199 (9.3%) in the heparin group (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS This analysis supports the hypothesis that bivalirudin reduces ischemic complications and bleeding after angioplasty. Further trials are needed to evaluate bivalirudin versus heparin in conjunction with platelet-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and for coronary stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bittl
- Ocala Heart Institute, Munroe Regional Medical Center, Ocala, FL 34474, USA.
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