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Low HC, Loke KSH, Wang FQ, Han S, Jain A, Yeong J, Nei WL. A case of metastatic lymphoepithelial carcinoma of parotid gland identified on 68gallium DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT. BJR Case Rep 2024; 10:uaad011. [PMID: 38352266 PMCID: PMC10860523 DOI: 10.1093/bjrcr/uaad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors present the case of a 59-year-old lady diagnosed with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the left parotid gland. The primary tumour was identified using contrast-enhanced CT, and diagnosis was confirmed via fine needle aspiration cytology and immunohistochemistry. Staging using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT revealed regional nodal metastases, while no distant metastasis was evident. Following radical radiotherapy, a favourable locoregional response was observed on MRI, yet the patient's plasma Epstein-Barr virus load continued to rise. Given her primary tumour's somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) positivity, gallium-68 DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT (68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT) was performed, revealing multiple distant metastases with DOTATATE avidity. Despite attempts at palliative chemotherapy and immunotherapy, disease progression led to the decision for the best supportive care. The unique presentation of metastatic LEC on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT suggests a potential role for SSTR2-targeted imaging in diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Low
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Fu Qiang Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Amit Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB, A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
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2
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Low HC, Loke KSH, Wang FQ, Han S, Nei WL. 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT of Metastatic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma of Parotid Gland. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1056-1058. [PMID: 37844551 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We present a case of a 59-year-old woman with lymphoepithelial carcinoma of left parotid gland. She was treated with radical radiotherapy, but her plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load continued to increase despite good locoregional response. As her primary tumor was positive for somatostatin receptor type 2, we performed 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which revealed multiple DOTATATE-avid distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chung Low
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Kelvin Siu Hoong Loke
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital
| | | | - Shuting Han
- Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Murugan T, Wong LCK, Ong XYS, Tan SH, Tan JWS, Liu Y, Shannon NB, Chiang J, Poon E, Chan JY, Yang VS, Somasundaram N, Farid M, Wong RX, Nei WL, Kwek JW, Thng CH, Hennedige T, Tang PY, Selvarajan S, Tay KJ, Abdul MR, Wong JSM, Seo CJ, Soo KC, Chia CS, Ong CAJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mapping Biopsy for Primary Extramammary Paget's Disease in Reducing Recurrence Following Surgical Excision. Ann Surg Open 2023; 4:e339. [PMID: 38144489 PMCID: PMC10735084 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between the performance of mapping biopsies and surgical outcomes postexcision of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). Background Primary EMPD is a rare entity associated with poorly defined surgical margins and difficult-to-access sites of lesions. Surgical resection with clear margins remains the preferred management method. The use of mapping biopsies might be beneficial, particularly in lowering disease recurrence. Methods Available literature was reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology before a fixed-effect meta-analysis was performed to identify the presence of a correlation between performing mapping biopsies and positive margins on permanent sections as well as disease-free survival. Additional study results not included in the quantitative assessment were qualitatively assessed and reported. Results A total of 12 studies were shortlisted for final analysis. 294 patients who underwent mapping biopsies and 48 patients who did not undergo mapping biopsies were included in the assessment. Forest plot analysis revealed a pooled rate ratio of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.32-0.77) in the prevalence of positive margins in patients with mapping biopsies performed as compared to patients without. The pooled rate ratio of the prevalence of disease-free survival in patients with mapping biopsies performed as compared to patients without was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.84). Qualitative assessment of the remaining selected studies revealed equivocal results. Conclusions Mapping biopsies are able to improve EMPD surgical excision outcomes but given the rarity of the disease and heterogeneity of mapping biopsy procedures, further confirmation with randomized controlled trials or a larger patient pool is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirrisha Murugan
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Louis Choon Kit Wong
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xing-Yi Sarah Ong
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sze Huey Tan
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Wee-Shan Tan
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas B. Shannon
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianbang Chiang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen Poon
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valerie Shiwen Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ru Xin Wong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Wei Kwek
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hua Thng
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Hennedige
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Yin Tang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Kae Jack Tay
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mohamed Rezal Abdul
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jolene Si Min Wong
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chin Jin Seo
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Claramae Shulyn Chia
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann Johnny Ong
- From the Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Tan RSYC, Lin Q, Low GH, Lin R, Goh TC, Chang CCE, Lee FF, Chan WY, Tan WC, Tey HJ, Leong FL, Tan HQ, Nei WL, Chay WY, Tai DWM, Lai GGY, Cheng LTE, Wong FY, Chua MCH, Chua MLK, Tan DSW, Thng CH, Tan IBH, Ng HT. Inferring cancer disease response from radiology reports using large language models with data augmentation and prompting. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1657-1664. [PMID: 37451682 PMCID: PMC10531105 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess large language models on their ability to accurately infer cancer disease response from free-text radiology reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled 10 602 computed tomography reports from cancer patients seen at a single institution. All reports were classified into: no evidence of disease, partial response, stable disease, or progressive disease. We applied transformer models, a bidirectional long short-term memory model, a convolutional neural network model, and conventional machine learning methods to this task. Data augmentation using sentence permutation with consistency loss as well as prompt-based fine-tuning were used on the best-performing models. Models were validated on a hold-out test set and an external validation set based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) classifications. RESULTS The best-performing model was the GatorTron transformer which achieved an accuracy of 0.8916 on the test set and 0.8919 on the RECIST validation set. Data augmentation further improved the accuracy to 0.8976. Prompt-based fine-tuning did not further improve accuracy but was able to reduce the number of training reports to 500 while still achieving good performance. DISCUSSION These models could be used by researchers to derive progression-free survival in large datasets. It may also serve as a decision support tool by providing clinicians an automated second opinion of disease response. CONCLUSIONS Large clinical language models demonstrate potential to infer cancer disease response from radiology reports at scale. Data augmentation techniques are useful to further improve performance. Prompt-based fine-tuning can significantly reduce the size of the training dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Shea Ying Cong Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guat Hwa Low
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruixi Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tzer Chew Goh
- Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fung Fung Lee
- Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yin Chan
- Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Chong Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Han Jieh Tey
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fun Loon Leong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Qi Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Yee Chay
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - David Wai Meng Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gillianne Geet Yi Lai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fuh Yong Wong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Lee Kiang Chua
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Data and Computational Science Core, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Shao Weng Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hua Thng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Data and Computational Science Core, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Tou Ng
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Kumaran A, Koo SX, Yeong J, Takano AM, Farid M, Loke SH, Nei WL. Imaging and treatment with 68Gallium and 177Lutetium-DOTATATE in a rare SSTR2 and ESWR1-CREM fusion positive undifferentiated round cell tumour of the lung. BJR Case Rep 2023; 9:20220094. [PMID: 36873236 PMCID: PMC9976727 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20220094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a 45-year-old lady with a rare undifferentiated round cell tumour of the lung with a ESWR1-CREM fusion gene that progressed despite multiple lines of therapy. The tumour was Somatostatin Receptors Type 2 (SSTR2) positive and avid on 68Gallium-DOTATATE imaging. This allowed for novel treatment with Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) using 177Lutetium-DOTATATE after all other standard of care options were exhausted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Kumaran
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Xuan Koo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiological Sciences, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Maria Takano
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Farid
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Ho BS, Nei WL. Treatment Response of Sacrococcygeal Chordoma to Palliative Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:315-324. [PMID: 37187687 PMCID: PMC10176195 DOI: 10.1159/000530133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare and locally aggressive tumours that arise from embryonic remnants of the notochord, with a predilection for the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum. Sacral or sacrococcygeal chordomas can be particularly difficult to manage because of their large size at presentation and involvement of adjacent organs and neural structures. Although the recommended definitive therapy for such tumours is either en bloc resection with or without adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or definitive fractionated RT with charged particle therapy, older and/or less-fit patients may not necessarily be accepting of said approaches due to the potential morbidities and challenging logistic requirements. Here, we report a case of a 79-year-old male presenting with intractable lower limb pain and neurologic deficits due to a large de novo sacrococcygeal chordoma. The patient was successfully treated with a 5-fraction course of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), given with palliative intent, with complete relief of his symptoms achieved approximately 21 months after RT and without the development of any iatrogenic toxicities. In view of this case, ultra-hypofractionated SBRT may be a suitable option for the palliation of large de novo sacrococcygeal chordomas for selected patients to reduce their symptom burden and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Shihan Ho
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Lim VT, Gacasan AC, Tuan JKL, Tan TWK, Li Y, Nei WL, Looi WS, Lin X, Tan HQ, Chua ECP, Pang EPP. Evaluation of inter- and intra-observer variations in prostate gland delineation using CT-alone versus CT/TPUS. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:97-103. [PMID: 35402019 PMCID: PMC8989460 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to explore the role of four-dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in the contouring of prostate gland with planning computed tomography (CT) images, in the absence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods Five radiation oncologists (ROs) performed two rounds of prostate gland contouring (single-blinded) on CT-alone and CT/TPUS datasets obtained from 10 patients who underwent TPUS-guided external beam radiotherapy. Parameters include prostate volume, DICE similarity coefficient (DSC) and centroid position. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed the significance of inter-modality differences, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC ) reflected inter- and intra-observer reliability of parameters. Results Inter-modality analysis revealed high agreement (based on DSC and centroid position) of prostate gland contours between CT-alone and CT/TPUS. Statistical significant difference was observed in the superior-inferior direction of the prostate centroid position (p = 0.011). All modalities yielded excellent inter-observer reliability of delineated prostate volume with ICC > 0.9, mean DSC > 0.8 and centroid position: CT-alone (ICC = 1.000) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 0.999) left-right (L/R); CT-alone (ICC = 0.999) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 0.998) anterior-posterior (A/P); CT-alone (ICC = 0.999) and CT/TPUS (ICC = 1.000) superior-inferior (S/I). Similarly, all modalities yielded excellent intra-observer reliability of delineated prostate volume, ICC > 0.9 and mean DSC > 0.8. Lastly, intra-observer reliability was excellent on both imaging modalities for the prostate centroid position, ICC > 0.9. Conclusion TPUS does not add significantly to the amount of anatomical information provided by CT images. However, TPUS can supplement planning CT to achieve a higher positional accuracy in the S/I direction if access to CT/MRI fusion is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ting Lim
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | | | - Jeffrey Kit Loong Tuan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Terence Wee Kiat Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Youquan Li
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Wen Shen Looi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xinying Lin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Qi Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eric Pei Ping Pang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
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8
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Qi TH, Hian OH, Kumaran AM, Tan TJ, Cong TRY, Su-Xin GL, Lim EH, Ng R, Yeo MCR, Tching FLLW, Zewen Z, Hui CYS, Xin WR, Ooi SKG, Leong LCH, Tan SM, Preetha M, Sim Y, Tan VKM, Yeong J, Yong WF, Cai Y, Nei WL. Multi-center evaluation of artificial intelligent imaging and clinical models for predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 193:121-138. [PMID: 35262831 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) plays an important role in the management of locally advanced breast cancer. It allows for downstaging of tumors, potentially allowing for breast conservation. NAC also allows for in-vivo testing of the tumors' response to chemotherapy and provides important prognostic information. There are currently no clearly defined clinical models that incorporate imaging with clinical data to predict response to NAC. Thus, the aim of this work is to develop a predictive AI model based on routine CT imaging and clinical parameters to predict response to NAC. METHODS The CT scans of 324 patients with NAC from multiple centers in Singapore were used in this study. Four different radiomics models were built for predicting pathological complete response (pCR): first two were based on textural features extracted from peri-tumoral and tumoral regions, the third model based on novel space-resolved radiomics which extract feature maps using voxel-based radiomics and the fourth model based on deep learning (DL). Clinical parameters were included to build a final prognostic model. RESULTS The best performing models were based on space-resolved and DL approaches. Space-resolved radiomics improves the clinical AUCs of pCR prediction from 0.743 (0.650 to 0.831) to 0.775 (0.685 to 0.860) and our DL model improved it from 0.743 (0.650 to 0.831) to 0.772 (0.685 to 0.853). The tumoral radiomics model performs the worst with no improvement of the AUC from the clinical model. The peri-tumoral combined model gives moderate performance with an AUC of 0.765 (0.671 to 0.855). CONCLUSIONS Radiomics features extracted from diagnostic CT augment the predictive ability of pCR when combined with clinical features. The novel space-resolved radiomics and DL radiomics approaches outperformed conventional radiomics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hong Qi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ong Hiok Hian
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arjunan Muthu Kumaran
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tira J Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Ryan Ying Cong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ghislaine Lee Su-Xin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elaine Hsuen Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Chert Richard Yeo
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faye Lynette Lim Wei Tching
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhang Zewen
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christina Yang Shi Hui
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wong Ru Xin
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Kai Gideon Ooi
- Division of Oncologic Imaging, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lester Chee Hao Leong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Ming Tan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhukumar Preetha
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yirong Sim
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veronique Kiak Mien Tan
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wong Fuh Yong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yiyu Cai
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Li Y, Chan Kong Ngai T, Zhou S, Yap Haw Hwong J, Pang Pei Ping E, Ong Li Kuan A, Wang Lian Chek M, Chua Lee Kiang M, Looi WS, Nei WL, Chua ET, On WLK, Tan Wee Kiat T, Yuen Shyi Peng J, Tuan Kit Loong J. A comparative analysis between low-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Asian men. Acta Oncol 2021; 60:1291-1295. [PMID: 34259123 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2021.1950921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the long-term clinical outcomes of low-risk (LR) and intermediate-risk (IR) prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with biopsy-proven low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer received EBRT and LDR-BT in an Asian academic center from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) and overall survival (OS) between LDR and EBRT in the low- and intermediate-risk cohorts. RESULTS 642 patients (521 EBRT and 121 LDR-BT) with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer were included for analysis. In the intermediate-risk group, 5- and 10-year bFFS was 96%, 89% and 86%, 61% for LDR-BT and EBRT, respectively. LDR-BT was associated with a statistically significant improvement of bFFS in the intermediate-risk cohort (HR 2.7, p = 0.02). In the low-risk cohort, no difference of bFFS was found between LDR-BT and EBRT (HR 1.9, p = 0.08). Hormone therapy was more common in EBRT than LDR-BT for intermediate-risk group (71% versus 44%, p < 0.05). Prostate cancer-specific mortality was low in both EBRT (1%) and LDR-BT (2%) cohorts. No significant difference in OS was found between LDR-BT and EBRT in low- and intermediate-risk group (HR 2.1, p = 0.2 and HR = 1.7, p = 0.3). CONCLUSION In our retrospective study, LDR-BT is associated with superior bFFS compared with EBRT in Asian men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youquan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siqin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerome Yap Haw Hwong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Pang Pei Ping
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley Ong Li Kuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Wang Lian Chek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Chua Lee Kiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Shen Looi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu Tiong Chua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weber Lau Kam On
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Urology Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terence Tan Wee Kiat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Yuen Shyi Peng
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Urology Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Tuan Kit Loong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Emanuel O, Liu J, Schartinger VH, Nei WL, Chan YY, Tsang CM, Riechelmann H, Masterson L, Haybaeck J, Oppermann U, Willems SM, Ooft ML, Wollmann G, Howard D, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lund VJ, Royle G, Chua MLK, Lo KW, Busson P, Lechner M. SSTR2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Relationship with Latent EBV Infection and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4944. [PMID: 34638429 PMCID: PMC8508244 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor, most commonly located in the pharyngeal recess and endemic to parts of Asia. It is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 63%). Treatment for this malignancy relies predominantly on radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, which can be associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. In endemic regions NPC is associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which was shown to upregulate the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) cell surface receptor. With recent advances in molecular techniques allowing for an improved understanding of the molecular aetiology of this disease and its relation to SSTR2 expression, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this disease and highlight the emergence of SSTR2 as a key tumor biomarker and promising target for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Emanuel
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Jacklyn Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Volker H. Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yuk Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (V.H.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L. Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.M.W.); (M.L.O.)
- King’s College Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - David Howard
- ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 9EP, UK;
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Valerie J. Lund
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London WC1E 6DG, UK
| | - Gary Royle
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
| | - Melvin L. K. Chua
- National Cancer Centre, Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, Singapore 169610, Singapore; (W.L.N.); (M.L.K.C.)
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.Y.C.); (C.M.T.); (K.W.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-Metsy, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (O.E.); (J.L.); (B.V.); (V.J.L.); (G.R.)
- Rhinology & Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-H&N Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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11
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Wong RX, Koh YS, Yang VS, Iyer G, Nei WL, Tay GCA, Harunal Rashid MFR, Chan J. The outcomes of cutaneous head and neck angiosarcoma with different treatment modalities and correlation with inflammatory markers. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e23527 Background: Head and neck angiosarcoma (HN-AS) is a distinct entity that commonly arises from the scalp of elderly Asian males. We strive to study the impact of different treatment modalities and explore correlation with blood inflammatory markers. Methods: A prospectively maintained database was queried for patients with biopsy-confirmed HN-AS treated in a single tertiary institution from 2000 to 2018. Results: Eight-eight patients were analyzed. Median age is 73.5 (IQR 66-81.2). Fifty-five (64%) were non-metastatic at diagnosis, seventy-four (84.1%) arose from the scalp and 70.5% were males. Of the 55 non-metastatic patients, 21 received curative surgery and 7 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients who had curative surgery had smaller tumors (p < 0.001). Local relapses were 57.1% vs 35.7% without and with radiotherapy (p = 0.34). Five patients were still alive at time of analysis but only 1 with a follow up of more than 5 years. In this group, 2-year and 5-year locoregional progression free survival (PFS) were 56.0% and 26.1%, distant PFS were 73.7% and 41.4%, OS were 48.6% and 17.7%. In the group that was metastatic at presentation (n = 31), 17 patients received palliative chemotherapy with 7 patients documented as partial response. 17 patients received palliative radiotherapy with largely good symptomatic relief. Six patients received photodynamic therapy: with 1 documented abscopal response. The median survival is 6.9 months. Overall, 64 patients received palliative chemotherapy and 42 received palliative radiotherapy (in the metastatic or inoperable setting). The most common chemotherapy regimen was single agent paclitaxel (56.3%). In the first line setting, 66.7% experienced at least a partial response to chemotherapy. Comparing the 3 different treatment groups (metastastic vs curative surgery vs non-metastatic/no curative surgery), patient with curative surgery had the best OS (p = 0.007) but worse PFS compared to non-metastatic but no curative surgery patients (p = 0.03). Using full blood count at diagnosis, hazard ratio for neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) were 1.02 (p = 0.06) and 0.80 (p = 0.02) respectively for OS. In multivariate analysis, age, stage and LMR were the only 3 significant predictors for OS. Conclusions: Cutaneous HN-AS is an aggressive disease. Although patients who had curative surgery had better overall survival which could be confounded by smaller tumours, and they also had earlier documented relapses possibly due to closer surveillance or tumor growth promotion from post-surgical inflammatory response. The value of adjuvant radiotherapy is unknown. Palliative radiotherapy is useful, and a more hypo-fractionated approach should be favored. Palliative single-agent paclitaxel is effective although overall survival remains grave. Blood inflammatory indicators correlate with survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xin Wong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Sin Koh
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gopal Iyer
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jason Chan
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Lechner M, Schartinger VH, Steele CD, Nei WL, Ooft ML, Schreiber LM, Pipinikas CP, Chung GTY, Chan YY, Wu F, To KF, Tsang CM, Pearce W, Morelli D, Philpott M, Masterson L, Nibhani R, Wells G, Bell CG, Koller J, Delecluse S, Yip YL, Liu J, Forde CT, Forster MD, Jay A, Dudás J, Krapp A, Wan S, Uprimny C, Sprung S, Haybaeck J, Fenton TR, Chester K, Thirlwell C, Royle G, Marafioti T, Gupta R, Indrasari SR, Herdini C, Slim MAM, Indrawati I, Sutton L, Fles R, Tan B, Yeong J, Jain A, Han S, Wang H, Loke KSH, He W, Xu R, Jin H, Cheng Z, Howard D, Hwang PH, Le QT, Tay JK, West RB, Tsao SW, Meyer T, Riechelmann H, Oppermann U, Delecluse HJ, Willems SM, Chua MLK, Busson P, Lo KW, Wollmann G, Pillay N, Vanhaesebroeck B, Lund VJ. Somatostatin receptor 2 expression in nasopharyngeal cancer is induced by Epstein Barr virus infection: impact on prognosis, imaging and therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:117. [PMID: 33402692 PMCID: PMC7785735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), endemic in Southeast Asia, lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Even in high-income countries the 5-year survival rate for stage IV NPC is less than 40%. Here we report high somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in multiple clinical cohorts comprising 402 primary, locally recurrent and metastatic NPCs. We show that SSTR2 expression is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) via the NF-κB pathway. Using cell-based and preclinical rodent models, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SSTR2 targeting using a cytotoxic drug conjugate, PEN-221, which is found to be superior to FDA-approved SSTR2-binding cytostatic agents. Furthermore, we reveal significant correlation of SSTR expression with increased rates of survival and report in vivo uptake of the SSTR2-binding 68Ga-DOTA-peptide radioconjugate in PET-CT scanning in a clinical trial of NPC patients (NCT03670342). These findings reveal a key role in EBV-associated NPC for SSTR2 in infection, imaging, targeted therapy and survival.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/drug therapy
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/mortality
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/growth & development
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/drug therapy
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/genetics
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/mortality
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/virology
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality
- Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/virology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Octreotide/pharmacology
- Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Receptors, Somatostatin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatostatin/genetics
- Receptors, Somatostatin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Viral Matrix Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Lechner
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Volker H Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Wen Long Nei
- Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc Lucas Ooft
- King´s College Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liesa-Marie Schreiber
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Grace Tin-Yun Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuk Yu Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wayne Pearce
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Liam Masterson
- Department of Otolaryngology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Reshma Nibhani
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Wells
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Koller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanne Delecluse
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and Inserm, Unit F100/U1074, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yim Ling Yip
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacklyn Liu
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cillian T Forde
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Martin D Forster
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amrita Jay
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, Euston Road, London, UK
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Annika Krapp
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Wan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College Hospital, Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Christian Uprimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim R Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Kerry Chester
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Thirlwell
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Gary Royle
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Rajeev Gupta
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sagung Rai Indrasari
- ENT Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Camelia Herdini
- ENT Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Afiq Mohd Slim
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, University Hospital Crosshouse, Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - I Indrawati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Renske Fles
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bing Tan
- ENT Head and Neck Surgery Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Jain
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haitao Wang
- Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelvin S H Loke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - David Howard
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
- ENT Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter H Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joshua K Tay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tim Meyer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Divisions of Radiation Oncology and Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierre Busson
- CNRS-UMR 9018-METSY, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Institute of Virology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - Valerie J Lund
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and Head and Neck Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
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13
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Chia BSH, Nei WL, Charumathi S, Fong KW, Tan MH. Baseline Plasma EGFR Circulating Tumour DNA Levels in a Pilot Cohort of EGFR-Mutant Limited-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Radical Lung Radiotherapy. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:896-903. [PMID: 32884537 PMCID: PMC7443655 DOI: 10.1159/000508932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of circulating cell-free tumour DNA (ctDNA) is established in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma to detect and monitor sensitising EGFR mutations. In early-stage disease, there is very little data supporting its role as a potential biomarker. We report on a prospective cohort of 9 limited-stage EGFR mutant lung cancer patients who were treated with radical radiotherapy. We looked at baseline plasma EGFR ctDNA and noted the detection rates to be higher in locally advanced disease. At a median follow-up of 13.5 months, an association between a detectable pre-radiotherapy plasma EGFR ctDNA and early tumour relapse (155 days vs. NR, p = 0.004) was noted. One patient with persistent plasma EGFR ctDNA predated radiological progression. The role of ctDNA in early-stage lung cancer is developing. Plasma EGFR ctDNA could be a useful biomarker in lung cancer patients undergoing radical treatments for staging, prognostication, and follow-up. These preliminary findings should be explored in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Seng Hup Chia
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kam Weng Fong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min-Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ASTAR Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Tan MTL, Woo WY, Tuan J, Tan TWK, Wang MLC, Chua ET, Looi WS, Li Y, Nei WL, Wang HT, Chimmiri A, Sim Yen Ling A, Ong EHW, Khor LY, Yeong JPS, Tan CS, Tay KJ, Lee LS, Kanesvaran R, Chua MLK. Preliminary outcomes of a prospective observational study of combinatorial abiraterone acetate/enzalutamide (AA/Enz) and radical radiotherapy (RT) in nonmetastatic node-positive (N+M0) prostate cancer (PCa). J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
227 Background: Treatment paradigm for N+M0 PCa has evolved, with the advent of multiple options for upfront AA/Enz or RT in combination with conventional hormonal therapy (HT). However, the optimal treatment protocol remains undefined. We therefore conducted a prospective observational study of combination AA/Enz+RT in N+M0 PCa patients. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate and N+M0 by imaging (68Ga-PSMA-PET or whole body MRI) were included. Exclusion criteria were 1) ECOG ≥2; 2) severe comorbidities; 3) cardiac event of <6 mo interval. Treatment protocol involved 18 mo of AA (1000 mg with 5 mg prednisolone once daily)/Enz (160 mg once daily)+HT (LHRH agonist/antagonist) in combination with RT to pelvis (54 Gy with simultaneous boost of 60-66 Gy in 27 fr) and prostate (78 Gy/39 fr); RT commenced 1-3 mo upon initiation of AA/Enz. Primary endpoint of this analysis was PSA of ≤0.1 ng/ml at 12 mo. Results: From Jun 2017-Sep 2019, 13 men were recruited; median follow-up duration was 14.0 mo (range 3.0-28.0 mo). Median age of the cohort was 67.0 y (IQR 61.0 – 69.0 y); 84.0% of men had GS8-10 disease, and median number of cN+ nodes was 2 (range 1-5 nodes). 11 received AA, and 2 received Enz. 53.8% (N = 7) and 69.2% (N = 9) of patients achieved a PSA nadir of ≤0.1 ng/ml at 6.0 and 12.0 mo, respectively; this contrasts against a propensity-matched cohort (N = 27) treated by HT+RT alone (33.3% and 51.9%, respectively). No biochemical recurrence was recorded at the time of analysis. 3 and 2 acute ≥G2 GU and GI toxicities were reported during RT. Late ≥G2 GU toxicities were observed in 2 men (G2 frequency). 2 patients experienced G2 fatigue and one with G2 transaminitis secondary to AA, with dose reduction. Germline genetic profiling with whole exome sequencing revealed two patients (15.4%) with BRCA2 frameshift mutations; interestingly, GU/GI RT toxicities were not observed in these patients. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that combinatorial AA/Enz and high dose RT is tolerated and can induce a pronounced PSA response in low volume N+M0 PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Yee Woo
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Tuan
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Wen Shen Looi
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Youquan Li
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Li Yan Khor
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kae-Jack Tay
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ravindran Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Pang EPP, Knight K, Park SY, Lian W, Master Z, Baird M, Chan JWX, Wang MLC, Tan TWK, Chua MLK, Chua ET, Looi WS, Nei WL, Tuan JKL. Duration-dependent margins for prostate radiotherapy-a practical motion mitigation strategy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:657-663. [PMID: 31932995 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The magnitude of intra-fractional prostate displacement (change from initial position over time) is associated with the duration of the patient lying on the radiotherapy treatment couch. This study reports a minute-by-minute association and calculates the impact of this displacement on duration-dependent margins using real-time intra-fractional position data monitored by four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound (4D TPUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 55 patients were recruited prospectively. Intra-fractional position of the prostate was monitored in real-time using a 4D TPUS Clarity® system. A total of 1745 monitoring sessions were analysed. Van Herk's margin recipe (2.5∑ + 1.64((σ2 + σp2)1/2 - σp)) was used to estimate the duration-dependant margins for every minute, up to the 15th minute. Linear regression analysis was then performed on the overall margins against time and direction. RESULTS The mean intra-fractional position was 0.76 mm Inferior (Inf), 0 mm Lateral (Lat) and 0.94 mm Posterior (Post) at the 15th minute. A minimum margin expansion of 2.42 mm (Superior/Inf), 1.02 mm (Left/Right) and 2.65 mm (Anterior/Post) was required for an 8‑minute treatment compared to 4.29 mm (Sup/Inf), 1.84 mm (Lt/Rt) and 4.63 mm (Ant/Post) for a 15-minute treatment. The required margin expansion increased linearly (R2 = 0.99) in all directions (p < 0.01). However, while there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.10) in the required margin expansion in the Sup/Inf and Ant/Post directions respective of the time duration, the margins were much bigger compared to those in the Lt/Rt direction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We report our experience in deriving the minimum duration-dependant margin to generate the required planning target volume for prostate radiotherapy. The required margin increases linearly in all directions within the 15-min duration; thus, the margin will depend on the duration of the technique chosen (IMRT/VMAT/3DCRT/proton).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pei Ping Pang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore. .,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC, 3800, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kellie Knight
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sung Yong Park
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weixiang Lian
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zubin Master
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marilyn Baird
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton VIC, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Wei Xiang Chan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Lian Chek Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terence Wee Kiat Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin L K Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eu Tiong Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Shen Looi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Kit Loong Tuan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, 169610, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Wang HT, Yeo ELL, Hwang JSG, Tan GS, Ong EHW, Low KP, Chimmiri A, Woo WY, Nei WL, Lim KH, Tan MCS, Loh JJH, Teo CEH, Heah HHW, Tay GCA, Wee J, Iyer NG, Sun Y, Bei JX, Chua ML. Immune dysregulation underpins radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). J Glob Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
52 Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is a primary modality in the treatment of NPC. However, 30% of patients present with disease recurrence following RT of this radiosensitive tumor. Here, we investigated the molecular and immune profiles associated with radioresistant (RR) NPC. Additionally, we investigated for aberrant molecular pathways in paired recurrences of patients to uncover new drivers underpinning radioresistance. Methods: We prospectively recruited a cohort of 100 NPC patients who completed definitive RT/chemoRT; including 30 cases who were recruited at recurrence. Whole exome sequencing (WES) at 200x was performed to identify low frequencies ( < 1%) of true somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations (CNAs). Transcriptomic profiles from RNAseq were interrogated using supervised and unsupervised statistical approaches to determine aberrant pathways that were significantly associated with RR. Results: Genomic instabilityas characterized by percentage genome alteration (PGA) was comparable in our cohort. Additionally, we did not observe any common or exclusive CNAs between RR- and nr-NPC cases. Based on a constellation of immune-related signatures, we observed an “immune-cold” profile that is associated with RR-NPC compared to nr-NPC controls, which is characterized by low expression of CD8+ T cell infiltration and interferon-γ response. Expectedly, pathways relating to angiogenesis, hypoxia and NOTCH signaling were upregulated in the RR-NPC cohort. Interestingly, we observed a reversal of the immune phenotype from “cold” to an enrichment of effector T cell infiltration in the paired recurrences. Conclusions: Here, we present a comprehensive mutational landscape of RR-NPC, which revealed the potential role of the immune environment in modulating RR. The longitudinal immune dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment between the de novo tumors and recurrences could be a driver or passenger event during the onset of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Wang
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Gek San Tan
- Department of Histopathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Wai Yee Woo
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Harold Hon Wei Heah
- Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joseph Wee
- National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Melvin L.K. Chua
- National Cancer Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Chimmiri A, Wang HT, Yeo ELL, Low KP, Tan ACY, Woo WY, Ong EHW, Tan TWK, Looi WS, Nei WL, Tuan J, Wang MLC, Tan JSH, Lee LS, Tay KJ, Kanesvaran R, Khor LY, Yeong JPS, Tan CS, Chua MLK. A novel computational OMICS and non-OMICS approach for identifying true pathogenic risk variants for Asian prostate cancer. J Glob Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
47 Background: Large-scale genome-wide association studies have established germline polygenic risk loci that underpin the susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). However, most trials conducted are in men of European ancestry with data missing for Asian male PCa. Here, we report on an in-house multidimensional bioinformatics pipeline that integrates OMICS and non-OMICS approaches in identifying true germline risk-variants for PCa in Asian men. Methods: We utilized a prospective cohort study of Asian men who were newly diagnosed with PCa. Whole exome sequencing (Illumina Hiseq, CA) of blood (100X) was performed. The OMICS-based approach entailed a stepwise screen for hallmarks of cancer-specific pathways. A genome-proteome network was then developed to filter for known pathogenic variants; this was followed by comparison against a large artificial database of aggregated germline variants (N = 95,000) with reported linkage to PCa susceptibility. Finally, mutations were filtered through a non-OMICS pipeline that entailed data synchronization with population-level statistics and clinical outcomes (recurrence and survival). Results: Preliminary analyses were based on 277 PCa cases; of which 50 were M1 cases. Screening using a non-combined unbiased approach yielded 36,157 germline variants. This contrast against our OMICS-based approach, which reduced the variant calls to 6,144 significantly associated mutations. Next, by focusing on pathway-specific genes related to hormonal regulation and known cancer hotspot mutations, we could further tighten our variant calls to 3,562 hormone-related variants (rs9269958 on HLA-DRB1) and 2,125 variants in known cancer genes, notably (rs8176320 on BRCA1/2, rs2555691 on LILRA2, rs8036934 on TP53BP1). Conclusions: Here, we show that application of an OMICS approach that combines pathway-driven analyses and an artificial dataset, along with population-level statistics and clinical relevance resulted in more robust annotation of germline variants that were associated with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai-Tao Wang
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Wai Yee Woo
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wen Shen Looi
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Tuan
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Kae-Jack Tay
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Li Yan Khor
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Wong FY, Tham WY, Nei WL, Lim C, Miao H. Age exerts a continuous effect in the outcomes of Asian breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:39. [PMID: 29941044 PMCID: PMC6020242 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asians are diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age than Caucasians are. We studied the effect of age on locoregional recurrence and the survival of Asian breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving therapy. Methods Medical records of 2492 patients treated with breast-conserving therapy between 1989 and 2012 were reviewed. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate locoregional recurrence, breast cancer-free survival, and breast cancer-specific survival rates. These rates were then compared using log-rank tests. Outcomes and age were modeled by Cox proportional hazards. Fractional polynomials were then used to test for non-linear relationships between age and outcomes. Results Patients ≤ 40 years old were more likely to have locoregional recurrence than were older patients (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.32, P < 0.001). Locoregional recurrence rates decreased year-on-year by 4% for patients with luminal-type breast cancers, compared with 8% for those with triple-negative cancers. Similarly, breast cancer-free survival rates increased year-on-year by 4% versus 8% for luminal-type and triple-negative cancers, respectively. Breast cancer-specific survival rates increased with age by 5% year-on-year. Both breast cancer-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates in patients with luminal cancers exhibited a non-linear (“L-shaped”) relationship—where decreasing age at presentation was associated with escalating risks of relapse and death. The influence of age on overall survival was confounded by competing non-cancer deaths in older women, resulting in a “U-shaped” relationship. Conclusions Young Asian breast cancer patients have a continuous year-on-year increase in rates of disease relapse and cancer deaths compared with older patients with no apparent threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuh Yong Wong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Wei Ying Tham
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Cindy Lim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Hui Miao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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19
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Vo JH, Nei WL, Hu M, Phyo WM, Wang F, Fong KW, Tan T, Soong YL, Cheah SL, Sommat K, Low H, Ling B, Ng J, Tan WL, Chan KS, Oon L, Ying JY, Tan MH. Comparison of Circulating Tumour Cells and Circulating Cell-Free Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Undergoing Radiotherapy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:13. [PMID: 28442757 PMCID: PMC5431344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is commonly used in clinical settings as a circulating biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but there has been no comparison with circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Our study aims to compare the performance of CTC enumeration against EBV cfDNA quantitation through digital PCR (dPCR) and quantitative PCR. 74 plasma samples from 46 NPC patients at baseline and one month after radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy were analysed. CTCs were captured by microsieve technology and enumerated, while three different methods of EBV cfDNA quantification were applied, including an in-house qPCR assay for BamHI-W fragment, a CE-IVD qPCR assay (Sentosa ®) and a dPCR (Clarity™) assay for Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). EBV cfDNA quantitation by all workflows showed stronger correlation with clinical stage, radiological response and overall survival in comparison with CTC enumeration. The highest detection rate of EBV cfDNA in pre-treatment samples was seen with the BamHI-W qPCR assay (89%), followed by EBNA1-dPCR (85%) and EBNA1-qPCR (67%) assays. Overall, we show that EBV cfDNA outperforms CTC enumeration in correlation with clinical outcomes of NPC patients undergoing treatment. Techniques such as dPCR and target selection of BamHI-W may improve sensitivity for EBV cfDNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Honganh Vo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Long Nei
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Min Phyo
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kam Weng Fong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terence Tan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke Lim Soong
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shie Lee Cheah
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiattisa Sommat
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huiyu Low
- JN Medsys Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wan Loo Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Sing Chan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Oon
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min-Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, #04-01, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Pang PPE, Hendry J, Cheah SL, Soong YL, Fong KW, Wee TSJ, Tan WKT, Nei WL, Wang F, Wong RX, Ng WL, Chen J. An assessment of the magnitude of intra-fraction movement of head-and-neck IMRT cases and its implication on the action-level of the imaging protocol. Radiother Oncol 2014; 112:437-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Wee J, Nei WL, Yeoh KW, Yeo RM, Loong SL, Qian CN. Why are East Asians more susceptible to several infection-associated cancers (carcinomas of the nasopharynx, stomach, liver, adenocarcinoma of the lung, nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas)? Med Hypotheses 2012. [PMID: 23079399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
There are at least five cancers with uniquely high incidence amongst East and Southeast Asian ethnic groups - namely nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); gastric carcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); adeno-carcinoma of the lung in female non-smokers and nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas. They all appear to be related to an infective cause (Epstein Barr Virus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus). We hypothesize that a genetic bottleneck 30,000years ago at the Last Glacial Maximum could have resulted in unique genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 8, making East Asians more vulnerable to these infective associated cancers. This bottleneck could have been caused by the presence of malaria in the southern Himalayan conduit between central and East Asia; and only those with an attenuated innate immune response to the malarial parasite (perhaps reflected by the TLR8 polymorphism) were spared the ravages of cerebral malaria; allowing these people to cross into east Asia, but then rendering them susceptible to later endemic infections and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wee
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore.
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22
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Wee J, Nei WL, Yeoh KW, Yeo RM, Loong SL, Qian CN. Why are East Asians more susceptible to several infection-associated cancers (carcinomas of the nasopharynx, stomach, liver, adenocarcinoma of the lung, nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas)? Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:833-42. [PMID: 23079399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are at least five cancers with uniquely high incidence amongst East and Southeast Asian ethnic groups - namely nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); gastric carcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); adeno-carcinoma of the lung in female non-smokers and nasal NK/T-cell lymphomas. They all appear to be related to an infective cause (Epstein Barr Virus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus). We hypothesize that a genetic bottleneck 30,000years ago at the Last Glacial Maximum could have resulted in unique genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 8, making East Asians more vulnerable to these infective associated cancers. This bottleneck could have been caused by the presence of malaria in the southern Himalayan conduit between central and East Asia; and only those with an attenuated innate immune response to the malarial parasite (perhaps reflected by the TLR8 polymorphism) were spared the ravages of cerebral malaria; allowing these people to cross into east Asia, but then rendering them susceptible to later endemic infections and their associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wee
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore.
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