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Wei WQ, Sun H, Chen YJ, Liu XW, Zhou R, Li Y, Liu XW. Genetic identification of tissues and cell types underlying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999007. [PMID: 36090352 PMCID: PMC9458853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is considered highly genetically heritable. However, because most of the variants located in the non-coding region of the human genome, the onset of ADHD requires further exploration. METHODS The risk genes involved in ADHD were identified by integrating GWAS summary data and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data using summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method. We then used a stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR) method to estimate the contribution of ADHD-relevant tissues to its heritability to screen out disease-relevant tissues. To determine the ADHD-relevant cell types, we used an R package for expression-weighted cell type enrichment (EWCE) analysis. RESULTS By integrating the brain eQTL data and ADHD GWAS data using SMR, we identified 247 genes associated with ADHD. The LDSR applied to specifically expressed genes results showed that the ADHD risk genes were mainly enriched in brain tissue, especially in the mesencephalon, visual cortex, and frontal lobe regions. Further cell-type-specific analysis suggested that ADHD risk genes were highly expressed in excitatory neurons. CONCLUSION The study showed that the etiology of ADHD is associated with excitatory neurons in the midbrain, visual cortex, and frontal lobe regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiong Wei
- Department of Digestive, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Juan Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Wen Liu
- Nursing Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Y, Zheng QS, Huang LH, Zheng SX, Wei WQ. [Risk assessment for thyroid (131)I exposure among nuclear medical staff]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:851-854. [PMID: 34886647 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200930-00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the main risk factors and to assess the risk of thyroid (131)I exposure among nuclear medical workers. Methods: From March to October in 2019, cluster sampling was adopted to collect the number of (131)I automatic packer and patients treated for thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism and liven cancer used (131)I, the practicing categories, job rotation and (131)I operation condition of nuclear medical staff were also investegated in the 21 nuclear medicine hospitals in Fujian Province that carried out (131)I nuclide diagnosis and treatment in 2018. (131)I aerosol and personnel thyroid (131)I were measured in 20 hospitals using (131)I for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism. The main risk factors leading to thyroid (131)I exposure of nuclear medical staff were found and aninternal exposure risk assessment model was established. Results: The detection rate of (131)I aerosol and personnel thyroid (131)I were 80.0% (16/20) and 25.5% (62/243) in 20 hospitals. The situation of packaging and administration about (131)I in the nearly 10 effective half-life, the concentration of (131)I aerosol in the nuclear medicine workplace, the number of patients treated with (131)I for thyroid cancer or hyperthyroidism were the main risk factors leading to thyroid (131)I internal exposure (OR=5.857, 6.808, 1.983, 1.150, P<0.05) . Conclusion: (131)I exposure is common among nuclear medical workers, attention should be paid to the protection of internal radiation, strengthen the control of main risk factors, so as to reduce the risk of internal radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Q S Zheng
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - L H Huang
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - S X Zheng
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - W Q Wei
- Fujian Center for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Posioning, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Huang MH, Bian HQ, Liang C, Wei WQ, Duan XF, Yang J. Gastroscopic treatment of membranous duodenal stenosis in infants and children: report of 6 cases. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:413-6. [PMID: 25746699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of gastroscopic treatment in the treatment of membranous duodenal stenosis. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 6 patients with membranous duodenal stenosis, aging from 7days to 37months, who underwent gastroscopic balloon dilatation in a children's hospital between January 2012 and December 2013. All surgical procedures of balloon dilatation were performed under direct gastroscopic vision. The balloon dilators with diameter 8mm and 10mm for neonates and children aged over one month, respectively, were placed through the foramen of the membranous stenosis. The septum in the membranous stenosis was gradually extended by increasing diameter of the balloon dilator. The residual septum was removed by gastroscopic electrocauterization. RESULTS The membranous stenosis in duodenum of all children was successfully expanded by gastroscopic balloon dilatation, and only one case with residual septum received gastroscopic electrocauterization. No complications such as bleeding, intestinal perforation, etc., were observed. Postoperative radiography using iodine-based contrast media showed that the gastrointestinal tract was unobstructed. During a follow-up period ranging from 3 to 24months, all patients ate normally without vomiting and abdominal distension and grew normally. CONCLUSION Gastroscopic balloon dilatation is an effective method in the treatment of membranous duodenal stenosis in children. For the patients with residual septum, they can be cured by using gastroscopic electrocauterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Hong-qiang Bian
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China.
| | - Chong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Xu Fei Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan Children Hospital, Wuhan 430016, China
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Wang JB, Jiang Y, Liang H, Li P, Xiao HJ, Ji J, Xiang W, Shi JF, Fan YG, Li L, Wang D, Deng SS, Chen WQ, Wei WQ, Qiao YL, Boffetta P. Attributable causes of cancer in China. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2983-2989. [PMID: 22689178 PMCID: PMC8890481 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cancers are due to modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors, and are potentially preventable. No studies have provided a systematic quantitative assessment of the burden of cancer mortality and incidence attributable to known risk factors in China. METHODS We calculated the proportions of cancer deaths and new cases attributable to known risk factors in China, based on the prevalence of exposure around 1990 and national data on cancer mortality and incidence for the year 2005. RESULTS Chronic infection is the main risk factor for cancer in China, accounting for 29.4% of cancer deaths (31.7% in men and 25.3% in women), followed by tobacco smoking (22.6% with 32.7% in men and 5.0% in women), low fruit intake (13.0%), alcohol drinking (4.4%), low vegetable intake (3.6%) and occupational exposures (2.7%). The remaining factors, including environmental agents, physical inactivity, the use of exogenous hormones and reproductive factors are each responsible for <1.0%. CONCLUSIONS Modifiable risk factors explain nearly 60% of cancer deaths in China, with a predominant role of chronic infection and tobacco smoking. Our findings could provide a basis for cancer prevention and control programs aimed at reducing cancer risk in other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - P Li
- Departments of Occupational and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - H J Xiao
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Ji
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - W Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - J F Shi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Cancer Epidemiology Research Unit, Cancer Council NSW, Woolloomooloo, Australia
| | - Y G Fan
- Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - L Li
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Province, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S S Deng
- School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - W Q Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - W Q Wei
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y L Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA; International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
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Wei WQ, Qiao YL. [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and chemoprevention of digestive cancer]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2001; 23:78-82. [PMID: 12905826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiology and laboratory studies indicate that regular taking of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) may reduce the risk of colorectal, esophageal, stomach and pancreatic cancers and other digestive cancers. Thus, aspirin and other NSAIDs may be an effective chemoprevention agent for digestive cancers. On the other hand, this protection effort may be beneficial to the course of the intervention, regression and prevention of cancer lesions. The possible mechanism of NSAIDs chemoprevention may be: (1) reducing the synthesis of prostaglandin(PG) and inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase(COX) activity; (2) inducing apoptosis in epithelial cells of the gastro-intestinal origin; (3) obstructing signaling transduction pathways of COX and PG. Now, chemoprevention of NSAIDs has become focus of research on cancer secondary prevention, as its protective effects of chemoprevention of digestive cancer have been determined. NSAIDs, especially selective COX-2 inhibitor may be a novel useful chemoprevention agents for digestive cancer and their precursor lesions in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Wei
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute, CAMS, PUMC, Beijing 100021, China
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Proudfoot L, Nikolaev AV, Feng GJ, Wei WQ, Ferguson MA, Brimacombe JS, Liew FY. Regulation of the expression of nitric oxide synthase and leishmanicidal activity by glycoconjugates of Leishmania lipophosphoglycan in murine macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:10984-9. [PMID: 8855295 PMCID: PMC38270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.20.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophosphoglycan (LPG) glycoconjugates from promastigotes of Leishmania were not able to induce the expression of the cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by the murine macrophage cell line, J774. However, they synergize with interferon gamma to stimulate the macrophages to express high levels of iNOS. This synergistic effect was critically time-dependent. Preincubation of J774 cells with the LPG glycans 4-18 h before stimulation with interferon gamma resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of iNOS mRNA and of NO synthesis, compared with cells preincubated with culture medium alone. The regulatory effect on the induction of iNOS by LPG is located in the LPG phosphoglycan disaccharide backbone. Synthetic fragments of this backbone had a similar regulatory effect on NO synthesis. Further, the production of NO by activated macrophages in the present system was correlated directly with the leishmanicidal capacity of the cells. These data therefore demonstrate that LPG glycoconjugates have a profound effect on the survival of Leishmania parasites through their ability to regulate the expression of iNOS by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Proudfoot
- Department of Immunology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Scotland
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