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Chuang WY, Lin LJ, Shih HD, Shy YM, Chang SC, Lee TT. The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072098. [PMID: 34359226 PMCID: PMC8300421 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Der Shih
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yih-Min Shy
- Hsinchu Branch, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Miaoli, Hsinchu 368, Taiwan;
| | - Shang-Chang Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pîntong 912, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840366; Fax: +886-4-22860265
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Chuang WY, Lin LJ, Hsieh YC, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase co-fermentation of wheat bran on growth, antioxidation, immunity and intestinal morphology in broilers. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1157-1168. [PMID: 33152224 PMCID: PMC8255880 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of wheat bran (WB) inclusion and postbiotics form by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and phytase cofermented wheat bran (FWB) on the growth performance and health status of broilers. METHODS Study randomly allocated a total of 300 male broilers to a control and 4 treatment groups (5% WB, 5% FWB, 10% WB, and 10% FWB inclusion, respectively) with each pen having 20 broilers and 3 pens per treatment. RESULTS The WB does not contain enzymes, but there are 152.8, 549.2, 289.5, and 147.1 U/g dry matter xylanase, protease, cellulase and β-glucanase in FWB, respectively. Furthermore, FWB can decrease nitric oxide release of lipopolysaccharide stimulated chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells by about two times. Results show that 10% FWB inclusion had significantly the highest weight gain (WG) at 1 to 21 d; 5% FWB had the lowest feed conversion rate at 22 to 35 d; 10% WB and 10% FWB inclusion have the highest villus height and Lactobacillus spp. number in caecum; and both 5% and 10% FWB can increase ash content in femurs. Compared to control group, all treatments increase mucin 2, and tight junction (TJ), such as occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, and mRNA expression in ileum by at least 5 folds. In chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase-1 mRNA expression decreases from 2 to 5 times, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit mRNA expression also increases in all treatment groups compared to control group. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB, and IL-1β, decreases in 5% and 10% FWB groups compared to control group. CONCLUSION To summarize, both WB and FWB inclusion in broilers diets increase TJ mRNA expression and anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but up to 10% FWB groups have better WG in different stages of broiler development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yang Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chang Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 912, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Chen LW, Chuang WY, Hsieh YC, Lin HH, Lin WC, Lin LJ, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of dietary supplementation with Taiwanese tea byproducts and probiotics on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and the immune response in red feather native chickens. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:393-404. [PMID: 32882776 PMCID: PMC7961192 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens. Methods Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP. Conclusion JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Y C Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - H H Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - L J Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - S C Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 912, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Hsieh YC, Lin WC, Chuang WY, Chen MH, Chang SC, Lee TT. Effects of mushroom waster medium and stalk residues on the growth performance and oxidative status in broilers. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:265-275. [PMID: 32138471 PMCID: PMC7876722 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues. METHODS In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV). RESULTS The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM. CONCLUSION The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W C Lin
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chuang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - M H Chen
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taichung City, 41362, Taiwan
| | - S C Chang
- Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - T T Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Wang YL, Anggelia MR, Chuang WY, Cheng HY, Mao Q, Zelken JA, Lin CH, Zheng XX, Lee WPA, Brandacher G. Combined Anti-CD154/CTLA4Ig Costimulation Blockade-Based Therapy Induces Donor-Specific Tolerance to Vascularized Osteomyocutaneous Allografts. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2030-41. [PMID: 26914847 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance induction by means of costimulation blockade has been successfully applied in solid organ transplantation; however, its efficacy in vascularized composite allotransplantation, containing a vascularized bone marrow component and thus a constant source of donor-derived stem cells, remains poorly explored. In this study, osteomyocutaneous allografts (alloOMCs) from Balb/c (H2(d) ) mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 (H2(b) ) recipients. Immunosuppression consisted of 1 mg anti-CD154 on day 0, 0.5 mg CTLA4Ig on day 2 and rapamycin (RPM; 3 mg/kg per day from days 0-7, then every other day for 3 weeks). Long-term allograft survival, donor-specific tolerance and donor-recipient cell trafficking were evaluated. Treatment with costimulation blockade plus RPM resulted in long-term graft survival (>120 days) of alloOMC in 12 of 15 recipients compared with untreated controls (median survival time [MST] ≈10.2 ± 0.8 days), RPM alone (MST ≈33 ± 5.5 days) and costimulation blockade alone (MST ≈45.8 ± 7.1 days). Donor-specific hyporesponsiveness in recipients with viable grafts was demonstrated in vitro. Evidence of donor-specific tolerance was further assessed in vivo by secondary donor-specific skin graft survival and third-party graft rejection. A significant increase of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells was evident in tolerant animals. Donor cells populated peripheral blood, thymus, and both donor and recipient bone marrow. Consequently, combined anti-CD154/CTLA4Ig costimulation blockade-based therapy induces donor-specific tolerance in a stringent murine alloOMC transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y L Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - M R Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W Y Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H Y Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Q Mao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - J A Zelken
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - X X Zheng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - W P A Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - G Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Chang H, Chuang WY, Shih LY, Tang TC. Collision in the colon: concurrent adenocarcinoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the same tumour. Acta Clin Belg 2011; 66:302-4. [PMID: 21938987 DOI: 10.2143/acb.66.4.2062573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Double malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract are unusual. Concurrent lymphoma and adenocarcinoma is a rare clinical condition. We herein report a collision tumour which first presented with a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the skull base and ileocecal junction area. After rituximab and chemotherapy the skull base tumour disappeared, but the ileocecal lesion remained. A biopsy revealed the presence of adenocarcinoma in the same lesion. The tumour was surgically removed. Further microscopic examination of the tumour showed it was an adenocarcinoma but residual lymphoma cell infiltration could still be observed. Serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected at diagnosis of lymphoma and the concentration further elevated at diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Therefore, both lymphoma and carcinoma may be EBV related. Our experience illustrated that such collision tumours are rare and difficult in diagnosis. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of such an association in order to make a correct diagnosis and initiate proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wang JH, Yao CH, Chuang WY, Young TH. Development of biodegradable polyesterurethane membranes with different surface morphologies for the culture of osteoblasts. J Biomed Mater Res 2000; 51:761-70. [PMID: 10880126 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20000915)51:4<761::aid-jbm26>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the biocompatibility of biodegradable polyesterurethane membranes with different surface morphologies for their possible use as orthopedic biomaterials, rat osteoblasts were cultured on smooth, sunken, and particulate polyesterurethane membranes. A close interaction between cells and exposed particles on the particulate membranes was found. Cells on the particulate surfaces were well spread and flattened and had the greatest adhesion while cells on the smooth surfaces were more rounded, less spread, and less adhered. In addition, in order to investigate their in vivo degradation rates, the morphologic changes in retrieved membranes from 2, 4, and 8 weeks after subcutaneous implantation were observed by scanning electron microscopy and their average molecular weight changes were determined by gel permeation chromatography. These analyses showed that smooth membranes, compared with the two other surface membrane types, had the greatest rate and degree of molecular weight change. In contrast, the molecular weight of particulate membranes, which favor the osteoblast culture, had not changed significantly at 8 weeks postimplantation. Thus particulate polyesterurethane membrane surfaces may be of use as an orthopedic biomaterial, and polyesterurethane membranes certainly provide an ideal system for further study of the relative contributions to biocompatibility and degradation derived from surface morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Wang
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10016, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
In this work, the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and PVA/chitosan blended membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The SEM photographs show the PVA/chitosan blended membrane undergoes dramatic changes on the surface and bulk structure during the membrane formation. The DSC analysis shows that PVA and chitosan are not very compatible in the PVA/chitosan blended membrane, whereas the combination of two polymer chains of constitutionally different features is revealed. In addition, the surface of the PVA/chitosan blended membrane is enriched with nitrogen atoms at the ESCA analysis. These reflect the PVA membrane can be modified by blending with chitosan that in turn may affect the biocompatibility of the blended membrane. Therefore, adhesion and growth of fibroblasts on the PVA as well as PVA/chitosan blended membranes were investigated. Cell morphologies on the membranes were examined by SEM and cell viability was studied using MTT assay. It was observed that the PVA/chitosan blended membrane was more favorable for the cell culture than the pure PVA membrane. Cells cultured on the PVA/chitosan blended membrane had good spreading, cytoplasm webbing and flattening and were more compacting than on the pure PVA membrane. Consequently, the PVA/chitosan blended membrane may spatially mediate cellular response that can promote cell attachment and growth, indicating the PVA/chitosan blended membrane should be useful as a biomaterial for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chuang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Abstract
Islets of Langerhans surrounded by a semipermeable membrane to prevent an immune response by the host immunosystem is a potential way of treating type I diabetes mellitus. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) tubular membranes with added polyethylene glycol to create pores in the skin layer were prepared to improve their diffusion property. In a static incubation study, islets cultured in the PVA tubular membranes still demonstrated their function of secreting insulin after 30 days. When the tubular PVA bioartificial pancreas was perifused in a small chamber with RPMI-1640 medium containing glucose at concentrations of 5.6-16.6 mmol/L, insulin release began to increase without delay. Therefore, such a membrane is an alternative potential material for a bioartificial pancreas. In addition, a mathematical mass transfer model of insulin release was developed and compared with the perifusion data. It was shown that satisfactory kinetics could be achieved with a PVA membrane. However, the model showed that the insulin output of islets cultured in the PVA tubular membrane must be increased to improve the performance significantly. These findings suggest that a bioartificial pancreas using a PVA membrane is a promising material, but the technique for seeding islets in the chamber requires further modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Young
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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