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Francis P, Mc Cormack W, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Age-Group Differences in the Performance of Selected Tests of Physical Function and Association With Lower Extremity Strength. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2020; 42:1-8. [PMID: 29494377 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is not known whether short functional performance tests used in aging research are appropriate for use in healthy older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-group differences (sixth decade vs seventh decade) in selected functional performance tests and the association between lower extremity strength and functional performance. METHODS One hundred fifty-nine (18.2% [n = 29] male) healthy older adults (mean (standard deviation) age 60.4 (5.3) years), adults were recruited from the University of Limerick Campus Community. Knee extensor (KE) peak torque (PT) was assessed from a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Subsequently, participants completed 10-m maximal and habitual gait speed tests, 5 repetition and 30-second chair rise tests, and a 900-m gait speed test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There was no difference in 10-m gait speed between those in the sixth and seventh decades (P > .05). Compared with the sixth decade, those in the seventh decade required an extra 39 seconds to complete 900 m, an extra 0.6 seconds to complete 5 chair rises and performed 2 fewer chair rises in a 30-second time period (P < .05). All tests had a weak association with KE strength (r = 0.226-0.360; P < .05), except for 900-m gait speed that had a moderate association (r = -0.537; P < .001). Our findings suggest that gait speed tests of 10 m or less cannot detect age-related difference in functional capacity when used in healthy older adults. CONCLUSION Extended physical performance tests should be used in aging research on healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - William Mc Cormack
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Francis P, Mc Cormack W, Toomey C, Norton C, Saunders J, Kerin E, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Twelve weeks' progressive resistance training combined with protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes increases upper leg lean tissue mass, muscle strength and extended gait speed in healthy older women. Biogerontology 2016; 18:881-891. [PMID: 27933408 PMCID: PMC5684326 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in functional capability is preceded by a reduction in muscle quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes on upper leg lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle quality and functional capability in healthy 50–70 years women. In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled design, 57 healthy older women (age 61.1 ± 5.1 years, 1.61 ± 0.65 m, 65.3 ± 15.3 kg) consumed 0.33 g/kg body mass of a milk-based protein matrix (PRO) for 12 weeks. Of the 57 women, 29 also engaged in a PRT intervention (PRO + PRT). In comparison to the PRO group (n = 28), those in the PRO + PRT group had an increase in upper leg LTM [0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to 0.01) kg vs. 0.13 (95% CI 0.08–0.18) kg, P = 0.027], as measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; an increase in knee extensor (KE) torque [−1.6 (95% CI −7.3 to 4.4 N m) vs. 10.2 (95% CI 4.3–15.8 N m), P = 0.007], as measured from a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (Con-Trex MJ; CMV AG); and an increase in extended gait speed [-0.01 (95% CI −0.52–0.04) m s−1 vs. 0.10 (95% CI 0.05–0.22) m s−1, P = 0.001] as measured from a maximal 900 m effort. There was no difference between groups in the time taken to complete 5 chair rises or the number of chair rises performed in 30 s (P > 0.05). PRT in healthy older women ingesting a dietary protein supplement is an effective strategy to improve upper leg LTM, KE torque and extended gait speed in healthy older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS13HE, UK. .,Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - William Mc Cormack
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Norton
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jean Saunders
- Statistical Consulting Unit/CSTAR @ UL, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Kerin
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Francis P, Toomey C, Mc Cormack W, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Measurement of maximal isometric torque and muscle quality of the knee extensors and flexors in healthy 50- to 70-year-old women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:448-455. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Science; Leeds Beckett University; Leeds UK
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - William Mc Cormack
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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