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Critchley M, Toomey C, Gabel L, Kenny S, Emery CA. Differences in Bone Mineral Density and Associated Factors in Dancers and Other Female Athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 38691851 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Dancers are susceptible to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), specifically low total body areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Little is known about how dancers' BMD compares to other athletic populations. The objective of this study was to examine the association between participant characteristics and aBMD among female pre-professional dancers compared to other female athletes. 269 females [132 dancers [17.6 (3.2) years] and 137 sport participants [22.8 (2.6) years] were included in this study. aBMD (g/cm2) was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association between height adjusted z-scores of aBMD (aBMD-Z) and age (years), body mass index (BMI) (z-score), supplement intake, history of stress fracture, irregular menses, MRI/bone scan, one-year injury history, oral contraceptives, and activity (dance/sport). Total body aBMD and aBMD-Z were lower in dancers than athletes [dancers: aBMD=1.03 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.05); aBMD-Z=-0.28 (-0.43, -0.12)(p<0.001); athletes: aBMD=1.14 g/cm2 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.16); aBMD-Z= 0.41 (0.25, 0.57) (p<0.001)]. aBMD-Z increased with age (β=0.054, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.092; p=0.004) and BMI (β=0.221, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.415; p=0.043). Activity type modified the relationship between BMI and aBMD-Z (β=0.323, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.621; p<0.033) with a stronger positive association in dancers, compared to other female athletes. Dancers had lower total body aBMD and aBMD-Z than other female athletes. aBMD-Z increases with age in both groups. A stronger association exists between aBMD-Z and BMI in dancers than athletes. Future studies should consider changes in aBMD-Z during adolescence and associations with increased risk of bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Critchley
- University of Calgary, 2129, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- University of Limerick Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, 150229, Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Leigh Gabel
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Sarah Kenny
- University of Calgary, 2129, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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Vasil E, M Nesbitt C, Toomey C, Kuntze G, Esau S, A Emery C, Gabel L. Bone health and physical activity in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional case-control study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:45. [PMID: 38641611 PMCID: PMC11031938 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) tend to engage in less physical activity than their typically developing peers. Physical activity is essential for bone development and reduced physical activity may detrimentally effect bone health. Thus, we examined differences in total body bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) between adolescents with JIA and adolescent controls without JIA. We also examined associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), lean mass, and bone outcomes. METHODS Participants included 21 adolescents with JIA (14 females, 7 males) and 21 sex- and age-matched controls aged 10-20 years. Assessments included: height; weight; triple-single-leg-hop distance (TSLH); MVPA by accelerometry; and total body BMC, aBMD, and lean mass measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Height-adjusted z-scores were calculated for BMC and aBMD and used for all analyses. Multiple linear mixed effects models examined group differences in BMC and aBMD, adjusting for sex, maturity, MVPA, TSLH, and lean mass. Participants clusters, based on sex and age (within 18 months), were considered random effects. RESULTS Adolescents with JIA had lower total body aBMD z-scores [β (95% CI); -0.58 (-1.10 to -0.07), p = 0.03] and BMC z-scores [-0.47 (-0.91 to -0.03), p = 0.04] compared with controls. Mean daily MVPA was 22.0 min/day lower in adolescents with JIA than controls; however, MVPA was not associated with aBMD [-0.01 (-0.01 to 0.01), p = 0.32] or BMC [0.00 (-0.01 to 0.00), p = 0.39]. Lean mass was positively associated with aBMD [0.05 (0.01 to 0.09) g/cm2, p = 0.03] and BMC [0.06 (0.03 to 0.10) g, p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Adolescents with JIA had lower total body aBMD and BMC compared with sex- and age-matched controls without JIA. Group differences in bone outcomes were not associated with the lower MVPA participation of adolescents with JIA. Despite this, physical activity should still be encouraged as it promotes physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egi Vasil
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Colleen M Nesbitt
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gregor Kuntze
- Alberta Bone and Joint Health Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shane Esau
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Leigh Gabel
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Schneider KJ, Patricios JS, Meeuwisse W, Schneider GM, Hayden KA, Premji Z, Ahmed OH, Blauwet C, Broglio S, Cantu RC, Davis GA, Dvorak J, Echemendia RJ, Emery CA, Iverson GL, Leddy JJ, Makdissi M, McCrea M, McNamee M, Putukian M, Yeates KO, Black AM, Burma JS, Critchley M, Eliason PH, Räisänen AM, Tabor JB, Toomey C, Ronksley PE, Cassidy JD. Amsterdam 2022 process: A summary of the methodology for the Amsterdam International Consensus on Concussion in Sport. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:712-721. [PMID: 37316208 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to summarise the consensus methodology that was used to inform the International Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport (Amsterdam 2022). Building on a Delphi process to inform the questions and outcomes from the 5th International Conference on Concussion in Sport, the Scientific Committee identified key questions, the answers to which would help encapsulate the current science in sport-related concussion and help guide clinical practice. Over 3½ years, delayed by 2 years due to the pandemic, author groups conducted systematic reviews on each selected topic. The 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport was held in Amsterdam (27-30 October 2022) and consisted of 2 days of systematic review presentations, panel discussions, question and answer engagement with the 600 attendees, and abstract presentations. This was followed by a closed third day of consensus deliberations by an expert panel of 29 with observers in attendance. The fourth day, also closed, was dedicated to a workshop to discuss and refine the sports concussion tools (Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6), Child SCAT6, Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6) and Child SCOAT6). We include a summary of recommendations for methodological improvements for future research that grew out of the systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Schneider
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Geoff M Schneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zahra Premji
- Libraries, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
- The FA Centre for Para Football Research, The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Cheri Blauwet
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation, Spaulding Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Kelley Adaptive Sports Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic Human Performance Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- Psychology, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grant L Iverson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J Leddy
- UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael Makdissi
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health - Austin Campus, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCrea
- Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael McNamee
- Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Margot Putukian
- Major League Soccer, Major League Soccer, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel S Burma
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Anu M Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences - Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Clodagh Toomey
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paul E Ronksley
- Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J David Cassidy
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Whittaker JL, Culvenor AG, Juhl CB, Berg B, Bricca A, Filbay SR, Holm P, Macri E, Urhausen AP, Ardern CL, Bruder AM, Bullock GS, Ezzat AM, Girdwood M, Haberfield M, Hughes M, Ingelsrud LH, Khan KM, Le CY, Losciale JM, Lundberg M, Miciak M, Øiestad BE, Patterson B, Räisänen AM, Skou ST, Thorlund JB, Toomey C, Truong LK, Meer BLV, West TJ, Young JJ, Lohmander LS, Emery C, Risberg MA, van Middelkoop M, Roos EM, Crossley KM. OPTIKNEE 2022: consensus recommendations to optimise knee health after traumatic knee injury to prevent osteoarthritis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1393-1405. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the OPTIKNEE consensus is to improve knee and overall health, to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) after a traumatic knee injury. The consensus followed a seven-step hybrid process. Expert groups conducted 7 systematic reviews to synthesise the current evidence and inform recommendations on the burden of knee injuries; risk factors for post-traumatic knee OA; rehabilitation to prevent post-traumatic knee OA; and patient-reported outcomes, muscle function and functional performance tests to monitor people at risk of post-traumatic knee OA. Draft consensus definitions, and clinical and research recommendations were generated, iteratively refined, and discussed at 6, tri-weekly, 2-hour videoconferencing meetings. After each meeting, items were finalised before the expert group (n=36) rated the level of appropriateness for each using a 9-point Likert scale, and recorded dissenting viewpoints through an anonymous online survey. Seven definitions, and 8 clinical recommendations (who to target, what to target and when, rehabilitation approach and interventions, what outcomes to monitor and how) and 6 research recommendations (research priorities, study design considerations, what outcomes to monitor and how) were voted on. All definitions and recommendations were rated appropriate (median appropriateness scores of 7–9) except for two subcomponents of one clinical recommendation, which were rated uncertain (median appropriateness score of 4.5–5.5). Varying levels of evidence supported each recommendation. Clinicians, patients, researchers and other stakeholders may use the definitions and recommendations to advocate for, guide, develop, test and implement person-centred evidence-based rehabilitation programmes following traumatic knee injury, and facilitate data synthesis to reduce the burden of knee post-traumatic knee OA.
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Filbay SR, Skou ST, Bullock GS, Le CY, Räisänen AM, Toomey C, Ezzat AM, Hayden A, Culvenor AG, Whittaker JL, Roos EM, Crossley KM, Juhl CB, Emery C. Long-term quality of life, work limitation, physical activity, economic cost and disease burden following ACL and meniscal injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the OPTIKNEE consensus. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1465-1474. [PMID: 36171078 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the long-term health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), work limitation, physical activity, health/economic cost and disease burden of traumatic ACL and/or meniscal injury. Findings will inform OPTIKNEE evidence-based consensus recommendations. DESIGN Random-effects meta-analysis evaluated HRQoL (SF-36/SF-12/VR-12 Physical Component Scores (PCS) and Mental Component Scores (MCS), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D)) stratified by time postinjury, and pooled mean differences (95% CI) between ACL-injured and uninjured controls. Other outcomes were synthesised descriptively. Risk-of-bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) were assessed. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL searched inception: 22 November 2021. ELIGIBILITY Studies reporting HRQoL, work limitations, physical activity levels, health/economic costs or disease burden, ≥2 years post-ACL and/or meniscal injury. RESULTS Fifty studies were included (10 high-RoB, 28 susceptible-to-some-bias and 12 low-RoB). Meta-analysis (27 studies, very low certainty of evidence) estimated a pooled mean (95% CI) PCS of 52.4 (51.4 to 53.4) and MCS of 54.0 (53.0 to 55.0) 2-14 years post-ACL injury. Pooled PCS scores were worse >10 years (50.8 (48.7 to 52.9)) compared with 2-5 years (53.9 (53.1 to 54.7)) postinjury. Excluding high-RoB studies, PCS scores were worse in ACL-injured compared with uninjured controls (-1.5 (-2.9 to -0.1)). Six studies (low certainty of evidence) informed a pooled EQ-5D score of 0.83 (0.81 to 0.84). Some individuals experienced prolonged work absenteeism and modified activities ≥2 years post-ACL injury. ACL injury was associated with significant direct and indirect costs, and early ACL reconstruction may be less cost-effective than rehabilitation. Only three studies evaluated meniscal injury outcomes (all evaluated HRQoL). CONCLUSION There is a very-low certainty of evidence that PCS scores ≥2 years post-ACL injury are worse than uninjured controls and decline over time, whereas MCS scores remain high. ACL injury can result in prolonged work absenteeism and high health/economic costs. Further studies are needed to determine the long-term burden of traumatic meniscal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rose Filbay
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Garrett S Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Y Le
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anu M Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Oregon, Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences, Northwest, Lebanon, Oregon, USA.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Allison M Ezzat
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alix Hayden
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam G Culvenor
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ewa M Roos
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carsten Bogh Juhl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Nesbitt C, Kuntze G, Toomey C, Esau S, Brooks J, Mosher D, Twilt M, Nettel-Aguirre A, Palacios-Derflingher LM, Ronsky J, Benseler S, Emery CA. Secondary consequences of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children and adolescents with knee involvement: physical activity, adiposity, fitness, and functional performance. Rheumatol Int 2021; 42:319-327. [PMID: 34132889 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secondary consequences of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may impact long-term health outcomes. This study examined differences in physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and functional performance in children and adolescents with JIA compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. METHODS Participants with JIA (n = 32; 10-20 years old) and their TD peers (n = 35) volunteered for assessments of: daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, body-worn accelerometer); peak oxygen consumption (VO2 Peak, incremental bike test); fat mass index (FMI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); and triple-single-leg-hop (TSLH) distance. Statistical analyses were performed in R using four linear mixed-effect models with Bonferroni adjustment (⍺ = 0.0125). Fixed effects were group, sex, and age. Participant clusters based on sex and age (within 1.5 years) were considered as random effects. RESULTS Participants with JIA displayed lower mean daily MVPA than their TD peers [p = 0.006; β (98.75% CI); -21.2 (-40.4 to -2.9) min]. VO2 Peak [p = 0.019; -1.4 (-2.5 to -0.2) ml/kg/min] decreased with age. Females tended to have lower VO2 Peak [p = 0.045; -6.4 (-13.0 to 0.4) ml/kg/min] and greater adiposity [p = 0.071; 1.4 (-0.1 to 3.0) kg/m2] than males. CONCLUSION The findings support the need for strategies to promote MVPA participation in children and adolescents with JIA. Sex and age should be considered in research on the consequences of JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Nesbitt
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregor Kuntze
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Shane Esau
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Julia Brooks
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dianne Mosher
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre Rheumatology Clinic, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marinka Twilt
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel-Aguirre
- Centre for Health and Social Analytics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Luz Maria Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Janet Ronsky
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susanne Benseler
- Department of Paediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Kuntze G, Nesbitt C, Nettel‐Aguirre A, Esau S, Scholz R, Brooks J, Twilt M, Toomey C, Mosher D, Ronsky JL, Benseler S, Emery CA. Gait Adaptations in Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72:917-924. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shane Esau
- University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | | | - Julia Brooks
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Marinka Twilt
- University of Calgary and Alberta Children’s Hospital Calgary Alberta
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Benseler
- University of Calgary and Alberta Children’s Hospital Calgary Alberta
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8
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Kudaravalli P, Doobay R, Carvounis C, Toomey C, Dhamoon A. Initiatives to reduce the inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors in an outpatient primary care clinic. Ann Pharm Fr 2020; 78:497-498. [PMID: 32485143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kudaravalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Upstate Medical University, 13210 Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - R Doobay
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 15260 Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Carvounis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Upstate Medical University, 13210 Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - C Toomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Upstate Medical University, 13210 Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - A Dhamoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Upstate Medical University, 13210 Syracuse, NY, USA
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9
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Whatman C, Toomey C, Emery C. Visual rating of movement quality in individuals with and without a history of intra-articular knee injury. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:1474-1480. [PMID: 31838933 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1703229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the use of visually rated movement quality in a group including those with a history of intra-articular knee injury.Design: Historical cohort study.Setting: Laboratory.Participants: A total of 115 youth and young adults (62 previously injured).Main outcome measures: Inter-rater agreement for ratings of movement quality during single limb squat and vertical drop jump (VDJ) were assessed. Odds ratios were calculated to determine if the history of knee injury was associated with greater odds of poor movement quality. The difference in knee:ankle separation ratio between the injured and uninjured groups was compared.Results: Rater agreement was moderate to excellent (κ = 0.55 to 0.93). Comparing the injured and uninjured limb in previously injured participants or injured participants to matched uninjured controls, there was no significant difference in the proportion of good versus poor movement ratings (diff = 0% to 10%; p ≥ 0.23). Prior history of knee injury did not increase the odds of poor movement quality during the VDJ (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.41 to 2.03) or single leg squat (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.38 to 2.85) and there was no significant difference in the knee:ankle separation ratios (mean diff -0.03; p = 0.30).Conclusion: Visual rating of movement in individuals with and without a history of knee injury is reliable. A history of knee injury does not increase the likelihood of poor visually rated movement quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Whatman
- AUT Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ezzat A, Whittaker J, Toomey C, Doyle-Baker P, Brussoni M, Emery C. Knee confidence in youth and young adults at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 3–10 years following intra-articular knee injury. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:671-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Kuntze G, Nesbitt C, Whittaker JL, Nettel-Aguirre A, Toomey C, Esau S, Doyle-Baker PK, Shank J, Brooks J, Benseler S, Emery CA. Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2018; 99:178-193.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Francis P, McCormack W, Toomey C, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Muscle strength can better differentiate between gradations of functional performance than muscle quality in healthy 50-70y women. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:457-464. [PMID: 28709586 PMCID: PMC5693432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength is a better predictor of functional performance than muscle quality. Extended gait speed is a functionally relevant measure in healthy 50–70 y women. Healthy adults need functional assessments that allow performance toward maximum.
Objective It is not known which laboratory indices of muscle mass, strength or quality can distinguish functional performance in healthy middle aged women. The aim of this study was to (a) examine the association between upper leg lean tissue mass, knee extensor strength, muscle quality (strength per unit lean tissue mass) and functional performance and (b) to determine the utility of tertiles of muscle strength and muscle quality to distinguish gradations of functional capacity in healthy 50–70 y women. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, one hundred and twenty-eight healthy 50–70 y women (mean age: 60.4, SD = 5.1 y) underwent body composition assessment (dual X-ray absorptiometry) and performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors (Con-Trex Dynamometer). Functional performance was assessed using a 5 repetition and 30 s chair rise test and 900 m gait speed test. Results Ordered by muscle strength or muscle quality, those in the highest tertile (T1) demonstrated greater functional performance than those in lowest tertile (T3). There was no association between upper leg lean tissue mass and functional performance (r = ≤0.06). Muscle strength explained a greater proportion of the variance in all functional performance measures relative to muscle quality (R2 = 0.13–0.36 vs. R2 = 0.11–0.16). Conclusion Upper leg lean tissue mass is not associated with physical performance in healthy 50–70 y women. These results suggest strength relative to the body mass being accelerated distinguishes gradations in functional performance better than muscle quality healthy 50–70 y women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Leeds Beckett University, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Limerick, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - William McCormack
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland; University of Calgary, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark Lyons
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- University of Limerick, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Limerick, Ireland
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Lishchynsky J, Palacios-Derflinger L, Toomey C, Emery C, Yeates K, Meeuwisse W, Schneider K. The association between moderate and vigorous physical activity and time to medical clearance to return to play following sport-related concussion in youth ice-hockey players. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097270.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Toomey C, Patton D, Whittaker J, Richmond S, Emery C. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ADIPOSITY AND SPORT INJURY RISK IN YOUTH. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Davies RW, Toomey C, McCormack W, O'Neill C, Hughes K, Jakeman P. Seasonal changes in body composition of inter-county Gaelic Athletic Association hurlers. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2427-2432. [PMID: 28005466 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1272709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal change in body composition for elite-level inter-county hurlers was reported over a single season and four consecutive seasons. Body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of 66 senior, male, outfield players was obtained. Four successive measurements were taken: off-season (OFF1), pre-season (PRE), mid-season (MID) and the off-season of the following season (OFF2). A subsample of 11 hurlers were measured at all time points over 4 consecutive seasons. DXA-derived estimates of fat and lean mass were normalised to stature for analysis (kg∙m‒2); data are (mean [lower: upper, 95% confidence interval]). A concurrent increase of lean mass (0.31 [0.19: 0.43] kg∙m‒2) and loss of fat mass occurred (-0.38 [-0.50: -0.26] kg∙m‒2) OFF1 to PRE. Lean mass accrual was maintained PRE to OFF2 while the initial loss of fat mass was restored MID to OFF2 (0.52 [0.40: 0.64] kg ∙ m‒2), with the trunk acting as the primary region of change. Over the four seasons, a net increase of lean mass was observed (~ 0.9 [0.4: 1.4] kg per annum) with a negligible overall change for fat mass over time. However, the cycling of fat mass (OFF to PRE and MID to OFF) within each season was recurrent season-to-season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Davies
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- b Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - William McCormack
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Cian O'Neill
- c Department of Sport, Leisure, and Childhood Studies , Cork Institute of Technology , Cork , Ireland
| | - Katie Hughes
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland.,d Centre for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
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Francis P, Mc Cormack W, Toomey C, Norton C, Saunders J, Kerin E, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Twelve weeks' progressive resistance training combined with protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes increases upper leg lean tissue mass, muscle strength and extended gait speed in healthy older women. Biogerontology 2016; 18:881-891. [PMID: 27933408 PMCID: PMC5684326 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in functional capability is preceded by a reduction in muscle quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the combined effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) and protein supplementation beyond habitual intakes on upper leg lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle quality and functional capability in healthy 50–70 years women. In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled design, 57 healthy older women (age 61.1 ± 5.1 years, 1.61 ± 0.65 m, 65.3 ± 15.3 kg) consumed 0.33 g/kg body mass of a milk-based protein matrix (PRO) for 12 weeks. Of the 57 women, 29 also engaged in a PRT intervention (PRO + PRT). In comparison to the PRO group (n = 28), those in the PRO + PRT group had an increase in upper leg LTM [0.04 (95% CI −0.07 to 0.01) kg vs. 0.13 (95% CI 0.08–0.18) kg, P = 0.027], as measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; an increase in knee extensor (KE) torque [−1.6 (95% CI −7.3 to 4.4 N m) vs. 10.2 (95% CI 4.3–15.8 N m), P = 0.007], as measured from a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (Con-Trex MJ; CMV AG); and an increase in extended gait speed [-0.01 (95% CI −0.52–0.04) m s−1 vs. 0.10 (95% CI 0.05–0.22) m s−1, P = 0.001] as measured from a maximal 900 m effort. There was no difference between groups in the time taken to complete 5 chair rises or the number of chair rises performed in 30 s (P > 0.05). PRT in healthy older women ingesting a dietary protein supplement is an effective strategy to improve upper leg LTM, KE torque and extended gait speed in healthy older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Clinical and Applied Science, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS13HE, UK. .,Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - William Mc Cormack
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Norton
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jean Saunders
- Statistical Consulting Unit/CSTAR @ UL, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Kerin
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Intervention in Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Food for Health Ireland, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Francis P, Toomey C, Mc Cormack W, Lyons M, Jakeman P. Measurement of maximal isometric torque and muscle quality of the knee extensors and flexors in healthy 50- to 70-year-old women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:448-455. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Francis
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Science; Leeds Beckett University; Leeds UK
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
- Faculty of Kinesiology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - William Mc Cormack
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Education and Health Sciences; University of Limerick; Limerick Ireland
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Norton C, Toomey C, McCormack WG, Francis P, Saunders J, Kerin E, Jakeman P. Protein Supplementation at Breakfast and Lunch for 24 Weeks beyond Habitual Intakes Increases Whole-Body Lean Tissue Mass in Healthy Older Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:65-9. [PMID: 26581685 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Key areas of research on the preservation of lean tissue mass (LTM) during aging are determinations of the protein requirement and optimal protein intake at meals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of protein supplementation at breakfast and lunch for 24 wk beyond habitual intakes on whole-body LTM in healthy adults aged 50-70 y. METHODS In a single-blinded, randomized, controlled design, 60 healthy older men and women (aged 61 ± 5 y) with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 25.8 ± 3.6 consumed either 0.165 g/kg body mass of a milk-based protein matrix (PRO) or an isoenergetic, nonnitrogenous maltodextrin control (CON) at breakfast and midday meals, the lower protein-containing meals of the day, for 24 wk. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the change in LTM. RESULTS After the intervention, protein intake in the PRO group increased from 0.23 ± 0.1 to 0.40 ± 0.1 g/kg for breakfast and from 0.31 ± 0.2 to 0.47 ± 2 g/kg for the midday meal. In response, LTM increased by 0.45 (95% CI: 0.06, 0.83) kg in the PRO group compared with a decrease of 0.16 (95% CI: -0.49, 0.17) kg in the CON group (P = 0.006). Appendicular LTM accounted for the majority of the difference in LTM, increasing by 0.27 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.48) kg in the PRO group compared with no change in the CON group (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Protein supplementation at breakfast and lunch for 24 wk in healthy older adults resulted in a positive (+0.6 kg) difference in LTM compared with an isoenergetic, nonnitrogenous maltodextrin control. These observations suggest that an optimized and balanced distribution of meal protein intakes could be beneficial in the preservation of lean tissue mass in the elderly. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02529124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Norton
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, Food for Health Ireland, and
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, Food for Health Ireland, and
| | - William G McCormack
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, Food for Health Ireland, and
| | - Peter Francis
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, Food for Health Ireland, and
| | - Jean Saunders
- Statistical Consultancy Unit, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Kerin
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity
| | - Philip Jakeman
- Human Science Research Unit, Center for Interventions in Inflammation, Infection, and Immunity, Food for Health Ireland, and
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Davies RW, Toomey C, McCormack W, Hughes K, Cremona A, Jakeman P. Body composition analysis of inter-county Gaelic athletic association players measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1015-20. [PMID: 26343788 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1085076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gaelic Football and Hurling are two sporting codes within the Gaelic Athletic Association. The purpose of this study was to report the body composition phenotype of inter-county Gaelic athletic association players, comparing groups by code and field position. 190 senior, male, outfield inter-county players (144 hurlers and 46 Gaelic footballers) were recruited. Stature and body mass was measured, estimates of three components of body composition, i.e., lean mass, fat mass and bone mineral content was obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and normative data for Gaelic athletic association athletes by code and position was compared. Other than in the midfield, there was limited difference in body composition between codes or playing position. Stature-corrected indices nullified any existing group differences between midfielders for both codes. Further comparisons with a non-athletic control group (n = 431) showed no difference for body mass index (BMI); however, the athletic group has a lower fat mass index, with a greater lean mass in accounting for the matched BMI between groups. In addition to providing previously unknown normative data for the Gaelic athletic association athlete, a proportional and independent tissue evaluation of body composition is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Davies
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Clodagh Toomey
- b Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - William McCormack
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Katie Hughes
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Alexandra Cremona
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Philip Jakeman
- a Human Science Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
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Toomey C, Leahy S, McCreesh K, Coote S, Jakeman P. The body composition phenotype of Irish adults aged 18–81 years. Ir J Med Sci 2015; 185:537-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-015-1338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Leahy S, Toomey C, McCreesh K, O'Neill C, Jakeman P. Ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness accurately predicts total and segmental body fat of young adults. Ultrasound Med Biol 2012; 38:28-34. [PMID: 22104525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous adiposity to accurately determine whole body and segmental body fat in young adults aged 18-29 years. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness was measured by ultrasound at five body sites in 135 subjects (83 men, 52 women) and compared with the corresponding segmental fat mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Ultrasound measures of SAT thickness were strongly correlated to segmental fat mass and total percentage (%) body fat (r = 0.697-0.907, p < 0.01). Prediction equations generated using quantile regression found SAT thickness at the abdomen and thigh to accurately predict % body fat in men (standard error of the estimate, SEE = 1.9%, 95% limits of agreement (LoA); -3.6% to +3.8%) and SAT thickness at the abdomen and medial calf to accurately predict % body fat in women (SEE = 3.0%, LoA; -6.5% to +5.4%). These data indicate that ultrasound measurement of SAT thickness proportionally reflects segmental fat mass and accurately predicts % body fat in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Leahy
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Toomey C, McCreesh K, Leahy S, Jakeman P. Technical considerations for accurate measurement of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness using B-mode ultrasound. Ultrasound 2011. [DOI: 10.1258/ult.2011.010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Toomey
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - K McCreesh
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - S Leahy
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - P Jakeman
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Krigel RL, Padavic-Shaller K, Toomey C, Comis RL, Weiner LM. Phase I study of sequentially administered recombinant tumor necrosis factor and recombinant interleukin-2. J Immunother Emphasis Tumor Immunol 1995; 17:161-70. [PMID: 7613642 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199504000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of IL-2 when sequentially administered following TNF (at its MTD), to identify any unique toxicities, and determine the immunomodulatory effects of this combination. Patients with metastatic cancer were treated with 160 micrograms/ml rTNF by rapid i.v. infusion for 5 days, followed by rIL-2 therapy daily at doses up to 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day for 5 days and 6 x 10(6) IU/m2/day for 7 days. Cycles were repeated at 3- or 4-week intervals until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity developed. Fifteen patients received 46 cycles of therapy (range 1-8, median 3). Major toxicities included hypotension, weight loss, and decreased performance status comparable to that reported with rIL-2 alone. No novel toxicities were identified. Two of 14 patients who received two cycles of therapy had objective responses (1 complete, 1 partial). Both occurred in patients with malignant melanoma, lasted 30 and 75 weeks, respectively, and included a complete response in liver metastasis. Dosage reductions of IL-2 were necessary for 3 patients over 11 treatment cycles (23%), and rTNF in 1 patient for 1 cycle (2%). The MTD of 5-day infusional rIL-2 was determined at 18 x 10(6) IU/m2/day. rTNF did not augment natural killer/lymphokine-activated killer activities beyond that commonly seen with IL-2 infusions. We conclude that full doses of rTNF can be combined with escalating rIL-2 infusions in an outpatient setting without additive toxicity and with clinical activity in patients with malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Krigel
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Hickok LR, Toomey C, Speroff L. A comparison of esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone: effects on endometrial histology and serum lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82:919-24. [PMID: 8233265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone. METHODS Twenty-six women participated in a double-blind randomized trial for 6 months. Outcome measures included serum total and lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, vasomotor symptoms, vaginal cytology and endometrial histology, and chemistry values. Analysis of variance and t test statistics were used to assess differences. RESULTS After 6 months of therapy, the treatment groups were comparable with regard to symptom scores, vaginal cytology and endometrial histology scores, and clinical laboratory test values. Treatment with esterified estrogens plus methyltestosterone significantly decreased total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), HDL2, HDL3, and apolipoprotein A1 compared to esterified estrogens alone. CONCLUSIONS Esterified estrogens with or without methyltestosterone were effective at reducing menopausal symptoms and were well tolerated over 6 months of continuous treatment. A significant decrease in cholesterol and apolipoproteins in the estrogen plus methyltestosterone group suggests a potentially adverse impact on the beneficial effect normally imparted by estrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Hickok
- Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland
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Richardson B, Briggs ML, Toomey C, Burry KJ, O'Grady JP. The effect of maternal glucose administration on the specificity of the nonstress test. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 145:141-6. [PMID: 6849350 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)90480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether maternal glucose administration can decrease the incidence of false positive nonstress tests, 296 nonstress tests were performed on 235 high-risk obstetric patients in a prospective controlled study. Patients were alternately given a 50 gm oral glucose drink or an equal volume of water 30 minutes prior to the commencement of each test. Among "fed" patients (last meal within 2 hour of the nonstress test) whether receiving glucose or water, and "fasted" patients who received glucose, there was no significant difference in the percentage of reactive tests at either 20 minutes (65.2%) or 40 minutes (87.3%) of testing. However, patients fasting and receiving water had a significantly decreased percentage of reactive tests, both at 20 minutes (48.3%, P less than 0.01) and at 40 minutes (76.7%, P less than 0.05). Glucose administered to fasted patients resulted in an increase in the incidence of reactive tests, although this was not statistically significant. Glucose administration had no effect on the nonstress test results when administered to fed patients.
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Abstract
During a 28 month period 812 patients underwent antepartum FHR testing. Twenty-eight patients had a positive CST. There were two antepartum fetal deaths and 11 patients had a cesarean section without a trial of labor. Fifteen patients had a trial of closely monitored labor (continuous FHR and fetal scalp blood sampling when indicated) and 11 of these (73%) were delivered vaginally. The CST records were examined for: per cent late deceleration, baseline FHR, presence of FHR accelerations, duration of the latency period (time from onset of contraction to onset of deceleration), and amplitude of deceleration. The absence of accelerations (nonreactive CST) and a latency period of less than 45 seconds both predicted persistent late deceleration during labor or fetal death in utero but statistical significance was found only for the latter parameter.
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