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Ong W, Liu RW, Makmur A, Low XZ, Sng WJ, Tan JH, Kumar N, Hallinan JTPD. Artificial Intelligence Applications for Osteoporosis Classification Using Computed Tomography. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1364. [PMID: 38135954 PMCID: PMC10741220 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, marked by low bone mineral density (BMD) and a high fracture risk, is a major health issue. Recent progress in medical imaging, especially CT scans, offers new ways of diagnosing and assessing osteoporosis. This review examines the use of AI analysis of CT scans to stratify BMD and diagnose osteoporosis. By summarizing the relevant studies, we aimed to assess the effectiveness, constraints, and potential impact of AI-based osteoporosis classification (severity) via CT. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 39 articles were retrieved from the databases, and the key findings were compiled and summarized, including the regions analyzed, the type of CT imaging, and their efficacy in predicting BMD compared with conventional DXA studies. Important considerations and limitations are also discussed. The overall reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI in classifying osteoporosis using CT images ranged from 61.8% to 99.4%, 41.0% to 100.0%, and 31.0% to 100.0% respectively, with areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.582 to 0.994. While additional research is necessary to validate the clinical efficacy and reproducibility of these AI tools before incorporating them into routine clinical practice, these studies demonstrate the promising potential of using CT to opportunistically predict and classify osteoporosis without the need for DEXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Ren Wei Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Andrew Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xi Zhen Low
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Weizhong Jonathan Sng
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong Hao Tan
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore (A.M.); (X.Z.L.); (W.J.S.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Tan YL, Ong W, Tan JH, Kumar N, Hallinan JTPD. Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Spine: A Review of Literature and Case Report. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5632. [PMID: 37685699 PMCID: PMC10488709 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor that represents less than 1% of soft-tissue sarcomas. Despite its slow growth, the overall prognosis is poor with a high rate of local recurrence, lymph-node spread, and hematogenous metastasis. Primary epithelioid sarcoma arising from the spine is extremely rare, with limited data in the literature. We review the existing literature regarding spinal epithelioid sarcoma and report a case of epithelioid sarcoma arising from the spinal cord. A 54 year old male presented with a 1-month history of progressive left upper-limb weakness and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed an enhancing intramedullary mass at the level of T1 also involving the left T1 nerve root. Systemic radiological examination revealed no other lesion at presentation. Surgical excision of the mass was performed, and histology was consistent with epithelioid sarcoma of the spine. Despite adjuvant radiotherapy, there was aggressive local recurrence and development of intracranial metastatic spread. The patient died of the disease within 5 months from presentation. To the best of our knowledge, spinal epithelioid sarcoma arising from the spinal cord has not yet been reported. We review the challenges in diagnosis, surgical treatment, and oncologic outcome of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (W.O.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Wilson Ong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (W.O.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Jiong Hao Tan
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (W.O.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Ong W, Zhu L, Tan YL, Teo EC, Tan JH, Kumar N, Vellayappan BA, Ooi BC, Quek ST, Makmur A, Hallinan JTPD. Application of Machine Learning for Differentiating Bone Malignancy on Imaging: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061837. [PMID: 36980722 PMCID: PMC10047175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of bone tumours on imaging is crucial for appropriate and successful treatment. The advent of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods to characterize and assess bone tumours on various imaging modalities may assist in the diagnostic workflow. The purpose of this review article is to summarise the most recent evidence for AI techniques using imaging for differentiating benign from malignant lesions, the characterization of various malignant bone lesions, and their potential clinical application. A systematic search through electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 34 articles were retrieved from the databases and the key findings were compiled and summarised. A total of 34 articles reported the use of AI techniques to distinguish between benign vs. malignant bone lesions, of which 12 (35.3%) focused on radiographs, 12 (35.3%) on MRI, 5 (14.7%) on CT and 5 (14.7%) on PET/CT. The overall reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AI in distinguishing between benign vs. malignant bone lesions ranges from 0.44–0.99, 0.63–1.00, and 0.73–0.96, respectively, with AUCs of 0.73–0.96. In conclusion, the use of AI to discriminate bone lesions on imaging has achieved a relatively good performance in various imaging modalities, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for distinguishing between benign vs. malignant lesions in several cohort studies. However, further research is necessary to test the clinical performance of these algorithms before they can be facilitated and integrated into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-67725207
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Yi Liang Tan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ee Chin Teo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiong Hao Tan
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Balamurugan A. Vellayappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Beng Chin Ooi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Swee Tian Quek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Andrew Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Ong W, Zhu L, Zhang W, Kuah T, Lim DSW, Low XZ, Thian YL, Teo EC, Tan JH, Kumar N, Vellayappan BA, Ooi BC, Quek ST, Makmur A, Hallinan JTPD. Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods for Imaging of Spinal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4025. [PMID: 36011018 PMCID: PMC9406500 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal metastasis is the most common malignant disease of the spine. Recently, major advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence technology have led to their increased use in oncological imaging. The purpose of this study is to review and summarise the present evidence for artificial intelligence applications in the detection, classification and management of spinal metastasis, along with their potential integration into clinical practice. A systematic, detailed search of the main electronic medical databases was undertaken in concordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 30 articles were retrieved from the database and reviewed. Key findings of current AI applications were compiled and summarised. The main clinical applications of AI techniques include image processing, diagnosis, decision support, treatment assistance and prognostic outcomes. In the realm of spinal oncology, artificial intelligence technologies have achieved relatively good performance and hold immense potential to aid clinicians, including enhancing work efficiency and reducing adverse events. Further research is required to validate the clinical performance of the AI tools and facilitate their integration into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Wenqiao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Tricia Kuah
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Desmond Shi Wei Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Xi Zhen Low
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yee Liang Thian
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ee Chin Teo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jiong Hao Tan
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Balamurugan A. Vellayappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Beng Chin Ooi
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 13 Computing Drive, Singapore 117417, Singapore
| | - Swee Tian Quek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Andrew Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Ong W, Kuah T, Eide SE, Hallinan JTPD. Neck pain with prevertebral soft tissue thickening. Ann Acad Med Singap 2022; 51:520-522. [PMID: 36047531 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2022112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ong
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Yap J, Keh YS, Shen T, Lam CSP, Chia SY, Jaufeerally FR, Ong W, Sim D, Ching CK. QRS duration and cardiovascular mortality in Asian patients with heart failure and preserved and reduced ejection fraction. Cardiol J 2020; 28:166-169. [PMID: 32207835 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yap
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yann Shan Keh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Shen
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaw Yang Chia
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wilson Ong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chi-Keong Ching
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
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Koh T, Ong W, Leong T, Lapuz C, Lim A. P1.17-17 Outcomes Following Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Biopsy-Confirmed vs. Radiologically-Diagnosed Primary Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ong W, Yap J, Shen T, Sim D, Lim C, Chia S, Sim L, Ching C, Yeo K. PS120 Impact of Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation on Mortality in Asian Patients With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Heart Failure. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Shen T, Yap J, Ong W, Sim D, Lim C, Chia S, Sim L, Ching C. PM117 ECG Predictors of Long Term Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure and Impaired Ejection Fraction. Glob Heart 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bennett MB, Wrede C, Brown BA, Liddick SN, Pérez-Loureiro D, Bardayan DW, Chen AA, Chipps KA, Fry C, Glassman BE, Langer C, Larson NR, McNeice EI, Meisel Z, Ong W, O'Malley PD, Pain SD, Prokop CJ, Schatz H, Schwartz SB, Suchyta S, Thompson P, Walters M, Xu X. Isospin Mixing Reveals ^{30}P(p,γ)^{31}S Resonance Influencing Nova Nucleosynthesis. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:102502. [PMID: 27015475 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermonuclear ^{30}P(p,γ)^{31}S reaction rate is critical for modeling the final elemental and isotopic abundances of ONe nova nucleosynthesis, which affect the calibration of proposed nova thermometers and the identification of presolar nova grains, respectively. Unfortunately, the rate of this reaction is essentially unconstrained experimentally, because the strengths of key ^{31}S proton capture resonance states are not known, largely due to uncertainties in their spins and parities. Using the β decay of ^{31}Cl, we have observed the β-delayed γ decay of a ^{31}S state at E_{x}=6390.2(7) keV, with a ^{30}P(p,γ)^{31}S resonance energy of E_{r}=259.3(8) keV, in the middle of the ^{30}P(p,γ)^{31}S Gamow window for peak nova temperatures. This state exhibits isospin mixing with the nearby isobaric analog state at E_{x}=6279.0(6) keV, giving it an unambiguous spin and parity of 3/2^{+} and making it an important l=0 resonance for proton capture on ^{30}P.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bennett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Wrede
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S N Liddick
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Pérez-Loureiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D W Bardayan
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - A A Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - K A Chipps
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C Fry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B E Glassman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Langer
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N R Larson
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E I McNeice
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Z Meisel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - W Ong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P D O'Malley
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S D Pain
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Prokop
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Schatz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S B Schwartz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Geology and Physics, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana 47712, USA
| | - S Suchyta
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Walters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - X Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Ong W, Zhao R, Lui B, Tan W, Ebrahimi A, Clark JR, Soo KC, Tan NC, Tan HK, Iyer NG. Prognostic significance of lymph node density in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E859-66. [PMID: 25917601 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of lymph node density in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been well recognized. However, its use in a specific subsite of the tongue has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of lymph node density in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS A retrospective analysis of 99 patients with tongue SCC who underwent primary curative resection and neck dissection was conducted. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of lymph node density. RESULTS Lymph node density (using a cutoff of 0.06) was shown to be an independent predictor of OS and DSS. The impact of lymph node density on OS and DSS remained significant on multivariate analysis, whereas conventional nodal staging was not. An alternative staging strategy incorporating depth of invasion and lymph node density performs better than conventional TNM staging in predicting survival. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that lymph node density is a reliable and applicable predictor of prognosis in patients with tongue SCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E859-E866, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Ong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Runfeng Zhao
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Lui
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Winson Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Ardalan Ebrahimi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Khee-Chee Soo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Ngian-Chye Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Hiang-Khoon Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - N Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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Abstract
We measure the density profiles for a Fermi gas of (6)Li containing N(1) spin-up atoms and N(2) spin-down atoms, confined in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry. The spatial profiles are measured as a function of spin imbalance N(2)/N(1) and interaction strength, which is controlled by means of a collisional (Feshbach) resonance. The measured cloud radii and central densities are in disagreement with mean-field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory for a true two-dimensional system. We find that the data for normal-fluid mixtures are reasonably well fit by a simple two-dimensional polaron model of the free energy. Not predicted by the model is a phase transition to a spin-balanced central core, which is observed above a critical value of N(2)/N(1). Our observations provide important benchmarks for predictions of the phase structure of quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ong
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Chingyun Cheng
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - I Arakelyan
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - J E Thomas
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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13
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Ambrose L, Riginos C, Cooper RD, Leow KS, Ong W, Beebe NW. Population structure, mitochondrial polyphyly and the repeated loss of human biting ability in anopheline mosquitoes from the southwest Pacific. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:4327-43. [PMID: 22747666 PMCID: PMC3470930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Australia and New Guinea contain high levels of endemism and biodiversity, yet there have been few evaluations of population-level genetic diversity in fauna occurring throughout the Australo-Papuan region. Using extensive geographical sampling, we examined and compared the phylogenetic relationships, phylogeography and population structure of Anopheles farauti, An. hinesorum and An. irenicus throughout their ranges in the southwest Pacific using mitochondrial (mtDNA COI) and nuclear (ribosomal protein S9 and ribosomal DNA ITS2) loci. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the ability to utilize humans as hosts has been lost repeatedly, coincident with independent colonizations of the Solomon Islands. As some of the species under investigation transmit malaria in the region, this is a medically important finding. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of nuclear loci also showed that the three species are monophyletic. However, putative introgression of An. hinesorum mtDNA onto a nuclear background of An. farauti was evident in populations from Queensland, Torres Strait and southern New Guinea. Haplotype networks and pairwise F(ST) values show that there is significant genetic structure within New Guinea and Australia in both An. farauti and An. hinesorum, consistent with a long-term history of low gene flow among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ambrose
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld. 4072, Australia
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14
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Zhang Y, Ong W, Arakelyan I, Thomas JE. Polaron-to-polaron transitions in the radio-frequency spectrum of a quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:235302. [PMID: 23003968 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.235302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We measure radio-frequency spectra for a two-component mixture of a 6Li atomic Fermi gas in a quasi-two-dimensional regime with the Fermi energy comparable to the energy level spacing in the tightly confining potential. Near the Feshbach resonance, we find that the observed resonances do not correspond to transitions between confinement-induced dimers. The spectral shifts can be fit by assuming transitions between noninteracting polaron states in two dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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15
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Tuan J, Ha T, Ong W, Siow T, Tham I, Yap S, Tan T, Chua E, Fong K, Wee J. PD-0295 LATE TOXICITIES IN 796 PATIENTS AFTER CONVENTIONAL RADIATION THERAPY ALONE FOR NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Tuan J, Ha T, Ong W, Siow T, Ng W, Tham I, Wang M, Chua E, Tan T. 7040 POSTER Treatment of Prostate Cancer With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Using an Empty Bladder Protocol – Treatment Outcomes and Toxicity Profile. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Arcizet F, Mirpour K, Ong W, Bisley J. Encoding a salient stimulus in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) during a passive fixation task. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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Bichara D, Zhao X, Bodugoz-Senturk H, Ong W, Oral E, Randolph M, Yaremchuk M, Muratoglu O. Porous Polyvinyl Alcohol-Alginate Gel Hybrid Construct for Neocartilage Formation Using Human Naso-Septal Cells. J Surg Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Lim CH, Chow H, Ong W, Tao M, Ng HJ. Comparison of neurotoxicity between fractionated ICE and infusional ICE for relapsed/refractory lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. H. Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - H. Chow
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - W. Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - M. Tao
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - H. J. Ng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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20
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Chow H, Lim CH, Ong W, Ng HJ. Incidence of ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity in lymphoma patients receiving fractionated ICE-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Chow
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - C. H. Lim
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - W. Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - H. J. Ng
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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21
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Liu J, Alvarez J, Ong W, Román E, Kaifer AE. Phase transfer of hydrophilic, cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles to chloroform solutions. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11148-54. [PMID: 11697957 DOI: 10.1021/ja003957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles (approximately 3 nm in diameter) capped with thiolated alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins (alpha and beta-CD) is described. The CD-capped nanoparticles are hydrophilic and bind ferrocene derivatives as evidenced by electrochemical and (1)H NMR spectroscopic measurements. The binding interactions of the CD-capped nanoparticles with a series of five alkyldimethyl(ferrocenylmethyl)ammonium ions (the alkyl group is propyl for compound 1, heptyl for 2, dodecyl for 3, hexadecyl for 4, and docosyl for 5) can be utilized for the phase transfer of the hydrophilic, CD-capped nanoparticles into a nonpolar chloroform phase. Only 3, 4, and 5 act as effective phase transfer agents, since 1 and 2 do not have enough amphiphilic character. The structure of the aggregates formed upon transfer of the CD-capped nanoparticles to the chloroform solution is postulated to resemble that of reverse micelles, as the nanoparticles template the peripheral arrangement of the cationic ferrocene amphiphiles, counterions and water molecules around their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, USA
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22
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Olsen DR, Leigh SD, Chang R, McMullin H, Ong W, Tai E, Chisholm G, Birk DE, Berg RA, Hitzeman RA, Toman PD. Production of human type I collagen in yeast reveals unexpected new insights into the molecular assembly of collagen trimers. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:24038-43. [PMID: 11279215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101613200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports the role of the procollagen C-propeptide in the initial association of procollagen polypeptides and for triple helix formation. To evaluate the role of the propeptide domains on triple helix formation, human recombinant type I procollagen, pN-collagen (procollagen without the C-propeptides), pC-collagen (procollagen without the N-propeptides), and collagen (minus both propeptide domains) heterotrimers were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion of the N- or C-propeptide, or both propeptide domains, from both proalpha-chains resulted in correctly aligned triple helical type I collagen. Protease digestion assays demonstrated folding of the triple helix in the absence of the N- and C-propeptides from both proalpha-chains. This result suggests that sequences required for folding of the triple helix are located in the helical/telopeptide domains of the collagen molecule. Using a strain that does not contain prolyl hydroxylase, the same folding mechanism was shown to be operative in the absence of prolyl hydroxylase. Normal collagen fibrils were generated showing the characteristic banding pattern using this recombinant collagen. This system offers new opportunities for the study of collagen expression and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Olsen
- Cohesion Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
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Guo B, Dai JR, Ng S, Huang Y, Leong C, Ong W, Carté BK. Cytonic acids A and B: novel tridepside inhibitors of hCMV protease from the endophytic fungus Cytonaema species. J Nat Prod 2000; 63:602-604. [PMID: 10843568 DOI: 10.1021/np990467r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two novel human cytomegalovirus protease inhibitors, cytonic acids A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the solid-state fermentation of the endophytic fungi Cytonaema sp. Their structures as p-tridepside isomers were elucidated by MS and NMR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guo
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 59A Science Park Drive, The Fleming, Singapore Science Park, Singapore 118240.
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25
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Lykken G, Ong W, Patrick D, Wielopolski L. Rn-222 and Rn-222 progeny in the human body: effect on in vivo K-40 measurements. Basic Life Sci 1990; 55:361-3. [PMID: 2088293 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Lykken
- USDA, ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND
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