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Perkhun P, Köntges W, Pourcin F, Esteoulle D, Barulina E, Yoshimoto N, Pierron P, Margeat O, Videlot-Ackermann C, Bharwal AK, Duché D, Herrero CR, Gonzales C, Guerrero A, Bisquert J, Schröder RR, Pfannmöller M, Ben Dkhil S, Simon JJ, Ackermann J. High‐Efficiency Digital Inkjet‐Printed Non‐Fullerene Polymer Blends Using Non‐Halogenated Solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aesr.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Perkhun
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Wolfgang Köntges
- CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florent Pourcin
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | | | - Elena Barulina
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Noriyuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering Iwate University Ueda Morioka 020 8551 Japan
| | - Pascal Pierron
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Christine Videlot-Ackermann
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
| | - Anil Kumar Bharwal
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - David Duché
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Carmen Ruiz Herrero
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Cedric Gonzales
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I Castelló 12006 Spain
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- 3DMM2O – Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 – 390761711) and CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- CAM – Centre for Advanced Materials Heidelberg University 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sadok Ben Dkhil
- Dracula Technologies 3 Rue Georges Auric Valence 26000 France
| | - Jean-Jacques Simon
- Aix Marseille University Université de Toulon IM2NP - Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence UMR CNRS 7334 Marseille IM2NP France
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille University CINAM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille UMR CNRS 7325 13288 Marseille France
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Strobel N, Droseros N, Köntges W, Seiberlich M, Pietsch M, Schlisske S, Lindheimer F, Schröder RR, Lemmer U, Pfannmöller M, Banerji N, Hernandez-Sosa G. Color-Selective Printed Organic Photodiodes for Filterless Multichannel Visible Light Communication. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1908258. [PMID: 32068919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Future lightweight, flexible, and wearable electronics will employ visible-light-communication schemes to interact within indoor environments. Organic photodiodes are particularly well suited for such technologies as they enable chemically tailored optoelectronic performance and fabrication by printing techniques on thin and flexible substrates. However, previous methods have failed to address versatile functionality regarding wavelength selectivity without increasing fabrication complexity. This work introduces a general solution for printing wavelength-selective bulk-heterojunction photodetectors through engineering of the ink formulation. Nonfullerene acceptors are incorporated in a transparent polymer donor matrix to narrow and tune the response in the visible range without optical filters or light-management techniques. This approach effectively decouples the optical response from the viscoelastic ink properties, simplifying process development. A thorough morphological and spectroscopic investigation finds excellent charge-carrier dynamics enabling state-of-the-art responsivities >102 mA W-1 and cutoff frequencies >1.5 MHz. Finally, the color selectivity and high performance are demonstrated in a filterless visible-light-communication system capable of demultiplexing intermixed optical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Strobel
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Droseros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Köntges
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mervin Seiberlich
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Pietsch
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlisske
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lindheimer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasmus R Schröder
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ben Dkhil S, Pfannmöller M, Schröder RR, Alkarsifi R, Gaceur M, Köntges W, Heidari H, Bals S, Margeat O, Ackermann J, Videlot-Ackermann C. Interplay of Interfacial Layers and Blend Composition To Reduce Thermal Degradation of Polymer Solar Cells at High Temperature. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:3874-3884. [PMID: 29327577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of printed polymer solar cells at elevated temperatures needs to be improved to achieve high-throughput fabrication including annealing steps as well as long-term stability. During device processing, thermal annealing impacts both the organic photoactive layer, and the two interfacial layers make detailed studies of degradation mechanism delicate. A recently identified thermally stable poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]]:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7:PC70BM) blend as photoactive layer in combination with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate as hole extraction layer is used here to focus on the impact of electron extraction layer (EEL) on the thermal stability of solar cells. Solar cells processed with densely packed ZnO nanoparticle layers still show 92% of the initial efficiency after constant annealing during 1 day at 140 °C, whereas partially covering ZnO layers as well as an evaporated calcium layer leads to performance losses of up to 30%. This demonstrates that the nature and morphology of EELs highly influence the thermal stability of the device. We extend our study to thermally unstable PTB7:[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) blends to highlight the impact of ZnO on the device degradation during annealing. Importantly, only 12% loss in photocurrent density is observed after annealing at 140 °C during 1 day when using closely packed ZnO. This is in stark contrast to literature and addressed here to the use of a stable double-sided confinement during thermal annealing. The underlying mechanism of the inhibition of photocurrent losses is revealed by electron microscopy imaging and spatially resolved spectroscopy. We found that the double-sided confinement suppresses extensive fullerene diffusion during the annealing step, but with still an increase in size and distance of the enriched donor and acceptor domains inside the photoactive layer by an average factor of 5. The later result in combination with comparably small photocurrent density losses indicates the existence of an efficient transport of minority charge carriers inside the donor and acceptor enriched phases in PTB7:PC60BM blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadok Ben Dkhil
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM , 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Martin Pfannmöller
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rasmus R Schröder
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Riva Alkarsifi
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM , 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Meriem Gaceur
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM , 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Wolfgang Köntges
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hamed Heidari
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier Margeat
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM , 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille Univ., UMR CNRS 7325, CINaM , 13009 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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