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Yang CH, Qiu HQ, Wang C, Tang YT, Zhang CR, Fan YY, Jiao XY. Levosimendan Relaxes Thoracic Aortic Smooth Muscle in Mice by Inhibiting PKC and Activating Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023:00005344-990000000-00269. [PMID: 38113918 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Studies have examined the therapeutic effect of levosimendan on cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, perioperative cardiac surgery, and septic shock, but the specific mechanism in mice remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relaxation mechanism of levosimendan in the thoracic aorta smooth muscle of mice. Levosimendan-induced relaxation of isolated thoracic aortic rings that were precontracted with norepinephrine (NE) or KCl was recorded in an endothelium-independent manner. Vasodilatation by levosimendan was not associated with the production of the endothelial relaxation factors NO and PGI2. The voltage-dependent K+ channel (KV) blocker (4-aminopyridine) and selective KCa blocker (tetraethylammonium) had no effect on thoracic aortas treated with levosimendan, indicating that KV and KCa channels may not be involved in the levosimendan-induced relaxation mechanism. Although the inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir) blocker (barium chloride) and the KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide) significantly inhibited levosimendan-induced vasodilation in the isolated thoracic aorta, barium chloride had a much stronger inhibitory effect on levosimendan-induced vasodilation than glibenclamide, suggesting that levosimendan-induced vasodilation may be mediated by Kir channels. The vasodilation effect and expression of Kir 2.1 induced by levosimendan were further enhanced by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine. Extracellular calcium influx was inhibited by levosimendan without affecting intracellular Ca2+ levels in the isolated thoracic aorta. These results suggest that Kir channels play a more important role than KATP channels in regulating vascular tone in larger arteries and that the activity of the Kir channel is enhanced by the PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui-Qin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Ting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical Sciences Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Sun T, Han Y, Li JL, Jiao XY, Zuo L, Wang J, Wang HX, Yang JL, Cao JM, Wang JX. FOXO3a-dependent PARKIN negatively regulates cardiac hypertrophy by restoring mitophagy. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:204. [PMID: 36539848 PMCID: PMC9764573 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained cardiac hypertrophy often develops maladaptive myocardial remodeling, and eventually progresses to heart failure and sudden death. Therefore, maladaptive hypertrophy is considered as a critical therapeutic target for many heart diseases. Mitophagy, a crucial mechanism in mitochondria quality control and cellular homeostasis, has been implicated in diverse cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, what role mitophagy plays in heart diseases remains an enigma. PARKIN functions as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase and mediates mitophagy cascades. It is still unclear whether PARKIN participates in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. RESULTS PARKIN was downregulated in cardiomyocytes and hearts under hypertrophic stress. Enforced expression of PARKIN inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Compared to wide-type mice with Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, Parkin transgenic mice subjected to Ang II administration showed attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function. In addition, mitophagy machinery was impaired in response to Ang II, which was rescued by overexpression of PARKIN. PARKIN exerted the anti-hypertrophy effect through restoring mitophagy. In further exploring the underlying mechanisms, we found that PARKIN was transcriptionally activated by FOXO3a. FOXO3a promoted mitophagy and suppressed cardiac hypertrophy by targeting Parkin. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals a novel cardiac hypertrophy regulating model composed of FOXO3a, PARKIN and mitophagy program. Modulation of their levels may provide a new approach for preventing cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Sun
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Han
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Lei Li
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Zuo
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Xiong Wang
- grid.477944.d0000 0005 0231 8693Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi China
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Computer teaching department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- grid.263452.40000 0004 1798 4018Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Shanxi Province, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Li A, Shi W, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Jiao XY. The gene knockout of angiotensin II type 1a receptor improves high-fat diet-induced obesity in rat via promoting adipose lipolysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267331. [PMID: 35802723 PMCID: PMC9269876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is over-activated and the serum angiotensin II (Ang II) level increased in obese patients, while their correlations were incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the role of Ang II in diet-induced obesity by focusing on adipose lipid anabolism and catabolism. Methods Rat model of AT1aR gene knockout were established to investigate the special role of Ang II on adipose lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and AT1aR gene knockout (AT1aR-/-) SD rats were fed with normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Adipose morphology and adipose lipid synthesis and lipolysis were examined. Results AT1aR deficiency activated lipolysis-related enzymes and increased the levels of NEFAs and glycerol released from adipose tissue in high-fat diet rats, while did not affect triglycerides synthesis. Besides, AT1aR knockout promoted energy expenditure and fatty acids oxidation in adipose tissue. cAMP levels and PKA phosphorylation in the adipose tissue were significantly increased in AT1aR-/- rats fed with high-fat. Activated PKA could promote adipose lipolysis and thus improved adipose histomorphology and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet rats. Conclusions AT1aR deficiency alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet rats by promoting adipose lipolysis probably via cAMP/PKA pathway, and thereby delayed the onset of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhandong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Wang XJ, Zhang Y, Shi WJ, Lei ZD, Jiao XY. TXNIP knockout improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:289-304. [PMID: 35800356 PMCID: PMC9253171 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-21-732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of death. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression increases after MI, and it exerts a negative regulatory effect on cardiac function after MI. Our study aimed to investigate the specific regulatory mechanism of TXNIP on angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI. METHODS The TXNIP gene knock-in (TXNIP-KI) and knock-out (TXNIP-KO) mice were generated, respectively. Eight-week-old male TXNIP-KO, TXNIP-KI, and wild type (WT) mice were subjected to MI by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay on the 4th post-surgery day. The expressions of TXNIP, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), p-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), cleaved caspase-3, and caspase-3 were detected by Western blot. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of TXNIP, HIF-1α, VEGF, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 1, and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in each group were also measured. On day 7 after MI, the hearts of sacrificed animals were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess CD31 expression and determine the density of angiogenesis. One month after treatment, the cardiac functional and structural changes were determined by echocardiography and the level of myocardial fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, TXNIP-KO mice had a significantly improved cardiac functional recovery after MI, and the proportion of myocardial fibrosis area was dramatically reduced, cardiomyocyte apoptosis was decreased, and angiogenesis was significantly increased; TXNIP-KI mice reversed in these changes. The expression of HIF-1α, p-AKT, and p-AMPK increased after MI in TXNIP-KO mice, and the mRNA expression of PHD 1 and FIH decreased. TXNIP-KI mice reversed in these changes. CONCLUSIONS After MI, TXNIP down-regulated the level of HIF-1α and VEGF, reduced the number of angiogenesis, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ultimately led to a poor prognosis of ischemic myocardium. TXNIP was a protein with negative effects after MI and was expected to be a target for the prevention and treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Foreign Languages, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Wen-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan-Dong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Fan YY, Wang YJ, Guo J, Wu MN, Zhang MS, Niu BL, Li Y, Zhao J, Yang CH, Li Y, Chen M, Jiao XY. Delayed metformin treatment improves functional recovery following traumatic brain injury via central AMPK-dependent brain tissue repair. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:146-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li YH, Yu YF, Jiao XY. [Advances in supercooling liver preservation]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:397-400. [PMID: 32393008 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20190516-00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. The preservation of donor liver before transplantation is important. But both traditional static cold storage and machine perfusion are limited by the preservation time, so that the allotment space of donor liver is limited, which inevitably leads to the abandonment of part of donor liver.At present, to find a preservation technology that not only guarantees the quality of donor liver but also has a longer effective preservation time is the direction of joint efforts of all clinicians. Supercooling liver preservation(SLP) to find a preservation technology that not only guarantees the quality of donor liver but also has a longer effective preservation time is the direction of joint efforts of all clinicians. SLP, a new method based on using cryoprotectants to keep donor liver under -6 ℃ and recovering the graft with subnormothermic machine perfusion that enables long-term transplantation survival following 4 days of liver preservation, made a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of liver preservation, carved out a new field for the research of liver preservation. This article reviews the latest experimental research progress of SLP in the field of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Y F Yu
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - X Y Jiao
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
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Cao ZJ, Feng YJ, Li D, Wang J, Huo HY, Zhang XM, Jiao XY. [Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of thioredoxin interaction protein inhibits INS-1 islet β cell proliferation]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2018; 70:158-166. [PMID: 29691580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes can cause a significant increase in the expression of thioredoxin (Trx)-interacting protein (TXNIP), which binds to Trx and inhibits its activity. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of TXNIP on proliferation of rat INS-1 islet β cells and the underlying mechanism. TXNIP overexpressing adenovirus vectors (Ad-TXNIP-GFP and Ad-TXNIPc247s-GFP) were constructed and used to infect INS-1 cells. Ad-TXNIPc247s-GFP vector carries a mutant C247S TXNIP gene, and its expression product (TXNIPc247s) cannot attach and inhibit Trx activity. The expression of TXNIP was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. EdU and Ki67 methods were used to detect cell proliferation. Protein phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT were detected by Western blot. The results showed that both TXNIP and TXNIPc247s protein overexpressions inhibited the proliferation of INS-1 cells, and the former's inhibitory effect was greater. Moreover, both of the two kinds of overexpressions inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. These results suggest that TXNIP overexpression may inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 cells through Trx-dependent and non-Trx-dependent pathways, and the mechanism involves the inhibition of ERK and AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jie Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yan-Jin Feng
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huo
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Feng YJ, Wang J, Cao ZJ, Li D, Huo HY, Zhang XM, Jiao XY. [Angiotensin II promotes the expression of TXNIP through angiotensin II type 1 receptor in islet β cells]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2018; 70:149-157. [PMID: 29691579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on apoptosis and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in INS-1 islet cells and the underlying mechanism. INS-1 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentration of Ang II for different time, and the viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). After treatment with 1 × 10-6 mol/L Ang II for 24 h, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to measure the cell apoptosis, and Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of TXNIP, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Real-time PCR was used to detect TXNIP and ChREBP mRNA expression. IF/ICC was used to observe the TXNIP, ChREBP and AT1R expression. The results showed that Ang II reduced cell viability and induced the expression of TXNIP in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05, n = 6) compared with the control group. Ang II induced apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of ChREBP and AT1R (P < 0.05, n = 6). AT1R inhibitor, telmisartan (TM), blocked Ang II-induced TXNIP and ChREBP overexpression (P < 0.05, n = 6) and inhibited Ang II-induced apoptosis. Taken together, Ang II increased ChREBP activation through AT1R, which subsequently increased TXNIP expression and promoted cell apoptosis. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of targeting TXNIP in preventing Ang II-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jin Feng
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhu-Jie Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hai-Yan Huo
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory for Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Wang J, Wang J, Wang JJ, Zhang WF, Jiao XY. [Role of autophagy in TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis of INS-1 islet cells]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2017; 69:445-451. [PMID: 28825103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) interacting protein (TXNIP) is a Trx-binding protein that inhibits the antioxidative function of Trx and is highly expressed in the serum and tissue samples from diabetes patients. This study was to explore whether TXNIP overexpression could cause INS-1 cell autophagy under normal glucose and lipid concentrations, and to analyze the role of autophagy in the apoptosis of INS-1 cells. The INS-1 cells cultured under normal conditions were divided into three groups: normal control, empty adenovirus vector (Ad-eGFP) and TXNIP overexpression (Ad-TXNIP-eGFP) groups. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the expression levels of TXNIP mRNA and protein were measured. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and P62, as well as LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, which are associated with autophagy. IF/ICC was used to measure the autophagosome. In addition, the cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio, the apoptosis marker, was also measured, and the apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that the TXNIP mRNA and protein levels were significantly up-regulated in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group, suggesting that TXNIP overexpression model was successfully established. In Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group, the protein levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased, while the protein expression of P62 was decreased, compared with those in Ad-eGFP group. Red fluorescent intensity, representing autophagy level, was higher in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group than that in Ad-eGFP group. These results suggested that TXNIP overexpression can significantly promote INS-1 cell autophagy. Meanwhile, cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 ratio and the number of apoptotic cells were significantly increased in Ad-TXNIP-eGFP group. The inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA, reduced TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that autophagy appears to be an important pathway in TXNIP overexpression-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Zhang Y, Jiao XY. [Effects of Indomethacin on Proliferation and Senescence of Leukemia Cells]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2015; 23:1586-90. [PMID: 26708876 DOI: 10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of indomethacin on proliferation and senescence of leukemia cells and to analyze whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have any adjunctively therapeutic effects on leukemia. METHODS Three kinds of leukemia cell lines (U266, K562 and U937) were treated with either indomethacin (final concentration 30 µmol/L) or solvent DMSO (control) for 7 days. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue, cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry, mRNA expression of hyperplastic suppression gene P21 and P27 was determined by RT-PCR, and cell senescence rate was assayed at day 0, 4, 7 after treatment. RESULTS After treatment with indomethacin, the cell viability in U266 and U937 groups decreased significantly, while it was not changed in K562 group. Cell cycle in U266 and U937 groups was blocked at G(2)/M phase, but the blooking effect was not found in K562 cells. The cell apoptotic rate was enhanced in 3 treated groups (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of P21 and P27 was significantly increased after indomethacin treatment in U266 and K562 cell lines except for the P27 mRNA expression of U937. The expression levels of P21 and P27 mRNA in U266 and K562 increased obviously. The cell senescence rate in K562 and U937 group also increased. CONCLUSION The indomethacin possesses inhibitory effects on leukemia cells. However, its mechanisms are varied from different types of leukemia cells. It suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can play a role in adjuvant therapy for leukemia, while its application would be adjusted according to different types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China. E-mail:
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Yao YL, Yang X, Xue XW, Fan LF, Jiao XY. [Effect of adenovirus-mediated TXNIP overexpression on apoptosis and injury of H9C2 cardiomyocytes]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2013; 65:309-318. [PMID: 23788188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus transfection technique was used in the current study to show if thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) overexpression can induce cell apoptosis and injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes cultured in normal glucose condition. And the mechanisms were then investigated. Briefly, H9C2 cardiomyocytes in logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into three groups: normal cultured group, empty adenovirus vector group (Ad-eGFP) and TXNIP overexpression group (Ad-TXNIP-eGFP). All cells were cultured in DMEM containing normal concentration of glucose (5 mmol/L) and lipid. 72 h after adenovirus transfection, cells and culture mediums were collected for further assay. The results showed that Ad-eGFP and Ad-TXNIP-eGFP adenovirus transfected H9C2 cells successfully, and the transfection efficiency reached the peak at 72 h. Compared with Ad-eGFP group, Ad-TXNIP-eGFP transfection significantly increased TXNIP mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein expression level (P < 0.01). TXNIP overexpression induced remarkable cell apoptosis and injury as evidenced by increased caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05), apoptotic rate (P < 0.01) and LDH activity (P < 0.01). To further analysis the mechanisms of TXNIP-induced cell apoptosis, we also determined Trx activity, Trx related free radical injury and p38 kinase activation, which are involved in free radical induced apoptosis. The results showed that, compared with those in Ad-eGFP group, Trx activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), while malondialdehyde (MDA), 3-nitrotyrosine contents and p38 kinase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in TXNIP overexpression group. These results suggest that TXNIP overexpression alone can induce severe apoptosis and injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes even they are cultured in normal glucose and lipid concentration conditions. The mechanism involved is that overexpressed TXNIP can bind and inhibit Trx, impairs its antioxidative and antiapoptotic function, and then increases free radical induced injury and p38 kinase dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yao
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China. E-mail:
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12
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Zhao XQ, Zhao JJ, Li XY, Zhang Y, Jiao XY. [The change of thioredoxin system in myocardial tissue of type 2 diabetic rats undergoing myocardial injury]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2010; 62:261-268. [PMID: 20571744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the change of thioredoxin (Trx) system in myocardial tissue of type 2 diabetic rats after myocardial injury and the underlying mechanism. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control (NC) group and diabetes (DM) group. Rats in DM group were subjected to high-sugar, high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Rats in NC group were only given normal diet and equal amount of citric acid buffer injection. At week 1, 2, 4, 12, 21 after STZ injection, plasma glucose concentration and the concentrations of insulin, creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum were measured. Myocardial Trx and thioredoxin reductase (TR) activities, as well as caspase-3 activity, were determined by respective assay methods. Protein and mRNA levels of Trx, TR, Trx interacting protein (TXNIP) were determined by Western blot and real time PCR, respectively. The results showed that type 2 diabetic rat model was successfully established at week 1 after STZ injection, and myocardial injury was induced from week 2. Moreover, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased at week 4, 12 in diabetic rats. The activities of myocardial Trx and TR in diabetic rats was decreased from week 2, and continually aggravated as the disease developed. Compared with those in NC group, the mRNA levels of Trx1, Trx2, TR1, TR2 in DM group decreased at week 4, and then increased in week 12. In DM group, the protein levels of Trx1, Trx2, TR1 and TR2 increased significantly at week 12. The mRNA expressions of myocardial TXNIP in diabetic rats were significantly increased at week 4, 12, 24 and protein expression was increased at week 12. These results suggest diabetes can decrease myocardial Trx, TR activity, inducing myocardial cell apoptosis and heart injury. The inhibitory effect of diabetes is mainly associated with TXNIP up-regulation and Trx nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Jiao XY, Gao E, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Lau WB, Koch W, Ma XL, Tao L. INO-4885 [5,10,15,20-tetra[N-(benzyl-4'-carboxylate)-2-pyridinium]-21H,23H-porphine iron(III) chloride], a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, protects the heart against reperfusion injury in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:777-84. [PMID: 19033557 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.144352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrative stress caused by peroxynitrite, the reaction product of superoxide (O2(.-)) and nitric oxide (NO), is the primary cause of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study determined whether INO-4885 [5,10,15,20-tetra[N-(benzyl-4'-carboxylate)-2-pyridinium]-21H,23H-porphine iron(III) chloride], a new peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, may provide cellular protection and protect heart from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adult male mice were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 3 or 24 h of reperfusion. Mice were randomized to receive vehicle, INO-4885 without catalytic moiety, or INO-4885 (3-300 microg/kg i.p.) 10 min before reperfusion. Infarct size, apoptosis, nitrotyrosine content, NO/O2(.-) production, and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)/NADPH oxidase expression were determined. INO-4885 treatment reduced ischemia/reperfusion-induced protein nitration and caspase 3 activation in a dose-dependent fashion in the range of 3 to 100 microg/kg. However, doses exceeding 100 microg/kg produced nonspecific effects and attenuated its protective ability. At the optimal dose (30 microg/kg), INO-4885 significantly reduced infarct size (p < 0.01), decreased apoptosis (p < 0.01), and reduced tissue nitrotyrosine content (p < 0.01). As expected, INO-4885 had no effect on ischemia/reperfusion-induced iNOS expression and NO overproduction. To our surprise, this compound significantly reduced superoxide production and partially blocked NADPH oxidase overexpression in the ischemic/reperfused cardiac tissue. Additional experiments demonstrated that INO-4885 provided better cardioprotection than N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine (1400W, a selective iNOS inhibitor), apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), or Tiron (a cell-permeable superoxide scavenger). Taken together, our data demonstrated that INO-4885 is a cardioprotective molecule that attenuates myocardial reperfusion injury by facilitating peroxynitrite decomposition and inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived O2(.-) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ying Jiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Chen RF, Wang J, Jiao XY, Liu HR, Zhao RR, Zhi JM. Detection of serum autoantibodies against AT₁A-receptor during the development of the four types of hypertensive rat models. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2006; 58:90-4. [PMID: 16489410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Using two-kidney one-clip renal hypertensive (2K1C group), stress-induced hypertensive (neural group), DOCA-salt treated hypertensive (DOCA group) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR group), to investigate the change in AT(1A)-receptor autoantibodies (AT(1A)-AAs) during the development of the four types of hypertension. The biological activities of AT(1A)-AAs were examined. It was shown that the frequency of occurrence and titres of AT(1A)-AAs increased significantly during the development of hypertension. In the four hypertensive groups studied, the occurrence of AT(1A)-AAs was most prominent in SHR, 2K1C and neural groups. The biological effects of AT(1A)-AAs were shown to increase the beating frequency of cultured neonatal myocardial and vascular contractile tension. It is suggested that autoimmune mechanisms are involved the pathogenesis of different types of hypertension and the AT(1A)-AAs may be one of the mechanisms leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fang Chen
- Department of Toxicology, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Zhi JM, Chen RF, Wang J, Jiao XY, Zhao RR. Comparative studies of vasodilating effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the different vessels. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2004; 56:730-4. [PMID: 15614423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the vasodilating effects of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] on the different vessels and to clarify its mechanisms by using relaxing responses of preconstricted vascular rings. The results showed: (1) Ang-(1-7) dose-dependently induced vasorelaxation in all the vessels studied. However, there is apparent heterogeneity in the responsiveness of vessels from different origin. (2) The Ang-(1-7)-induced vasorelaxation was endothelium dependent and largely mediated by NO system. (3) The vasodilator action of Ang-(1-7) was not mediated by AT1 or AT2 receptor subtypes. It is suggested that the Ang-(1-7)-induced vasorelaxation is endothelium dependent by some other unclarified angiotensin receptor subtypes and is largely mediated by NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Zhi
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Lang B, Liu HL, Liu R, Feng GD, Jiao XY, Ju G. Astrocytes in injured adult rat spinal cord may acquire the potential of neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2004; 128:775-83. [PMID: 15464285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that in adult rats astrocytes in the subventricular zone and subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus are neural stem cells. Elsewhere in the CNS astrocytes are not generally recognized as stem cells. Here we describe nestin expression in a population of astrocytes in the spinal cord of adult rat following cord injury. In either hemitransectioned or longitudinally cut spinal cord, there was widespread nestin expression in astrocytes of both the gray and white matters. Isolation of the lateral part of the spinal cord from the central canal region, where stem cells may reside, could not block the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive astrocytes in the lateral cord, and none of them showed Fast DiI labeling after the central canal ependyma had been labeled by the dye, indicating that the nestin-immunoreactive astrocytes can evolve locally in the lateral cord. They were found to be undergoing a process of de-differentiation. Culture of the nestin-immunoreactive astrocytes of the lateral cord generated neurospheres, the cells of which had the ability of self-renewal, and were able to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. Taken together, the results indicate that the astrocytes in injured adult rat spinal cord may acquire the potential of neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lang
- Center for Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Cheng XP, Wang BR, Liu HL, You SW, Huang WJ, Jiao XY, Ju G. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 is predominantly enhanced in the microglia of the rat spinal cord following dorsal root transection. Neuroscience 2003; 119:701-12. [PMID: 12809691 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was initiated to investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 signaling pathway in the early response of spinal cord and associated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) to rhizotomy by using Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques in a rat model of L3 and L4 dorsal root transection. The results showed that there were a considerable amount of total and phosphorylated ERK 1/2 protein in both spinal cord and DRG in normal animals killed under pentobarbital anesthesia. The total ERK 1/2 distributed in both glia and neurons, while phosphorylated ERK 1/2 dominantly existed in the latter in the gray matter of spinal cord, as demonstrated with double immunofluorescent staining. Twenty-four and forty-eight hours after axotomy, the phosphorylation level of ERK 1/2 in the operation side of dorsal spinal cord was much higher than that in the contralateral side, while the total ERK 1/2 level seemed unchanged. The increased expression of Fos protein was also seen in the dorsal spinal cord at lesion side twelve and twenty-four hours after axotomy. Double fluorescent staining proved that the phosphorylated ERK 1/2 positive cells in the ipsilateral dorsal spinal cord after axotomy predominantly were microglia and small portion was oligodendrocytes, whereas the Fos expression was mainly in neurons. In normal DRG, most neurons, especially the medium and small-sized ones, and the satellite cells contained total ERK 1/2-like immunoreactivity, whereas only a small portion of neurons and satellite cells contained phosphorylated ERK 1/2. After unilateral dorsal rhizotomy, there were no detectable changes for the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in either neurons or satellite cells in DRG.Collectively, the present results suggest that both ERK and Fos signal pathways involve the cellular activation in the spinal cord following dorsal rhizotomy, with ERK mainly in microglia and Fos in neurons. The increase of phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in microglia of spinal cord after rhizotomy implicates that ERK signaling pathway involves intracellular activity of microglia responding to the experimental injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Cheng
- The Institute of Neuroscience, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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Zhi JM, Liu ZB, Jiao XY, Liu YX, Zhao RR. [Effect of losartan on produce of sera autoantibodies to angiotensin II-1 receptor in renovascular hypertension rats]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2003; 19:43-46. [PMID: 21207854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND METHODS The effects of losartan (after operation 2 week to 10 week, 5 mg/kg d ig) on generation of AT1R-AA in sera were observed during development of hypertension in rats. The renovascular hypertension (RVH) model was established by two-kidney one-clip method, a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 165-191 of the second extracellular loop of the angiotensin II-1 receptor (AT1R) was used as antigen, SA-ELISA were used to examine sera AT1R autoantibody (AT1R-AA). RESULTS The frequencies and titres of AT1R-AA after operation one week rats were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The treatment with losartan not only inhibited structural and functional changes, but also the frequencies and titres of AT1R-AA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than RVH group. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the losartan significantly inhibits generation of the AT1R-AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Zhi
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 involvement was investigated in 30 children with severe aplastic anaemia. Active or recent parvovirus B19 infection, as shown by B19 DNA viraemia, positive B19 specific IgM antibodies, or both, was diagnosed in six patients. There were no other plausible causes. We suggest that parvovirus B19 infection might be associated with severe aplastic anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Qian
- Department of Paediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Zhi JM, Zhao LY, Jiao XY, Zhao RR. [Changes in autoantibody against cardiovascular AT1-receptor during development of renovascular hypertension in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2002; 54:317-20. [PMID: 12195280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to observe the change in angiotensin II receptor subtype 1 (AT(1)) autoantibody during the development of renovascular hypertension (RVH). The Goldblatt renovascular hypertension model was established by the two-kidney one-clip method, and a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid sequence 165-191 of the second extracellular loop of the AT(1)-receptor was used as the antigen. Sera AT(1)-receptor autoantibody was detected by SA-ELISA. It was shown that two weeks after operation both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to AT(1)-receptor were significantly increased as compared with the pre-treatment control. The increase in autoantibodies lasted several weeks and then decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. It is suggested that autoimmune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension and the AT(1) autoantibodies may be one of the mechanisms leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Zhi
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001.
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Liu YY, Wong-Riley MT, Liu HL, Jia Y, Jiao XY, Wang CT, You SW, Ju G. Increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in regenerating nerve fibers of hemitransected spinal cord in the rat. Neuroreport 2001; 12:3239-42. [PMID: 11711863 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200110290-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We explored the possibility of cytochrome oxidase (CO) involvement in spinal cord regeneration in adult rats. The spinal cord was hemitransected at T9. After one month's survival, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused. The spinal cord segments including the lesion site were removed and sectioned horizontally for CO histochemistry. Under light microscope, a substantial number of CO-reactive nerve fibers and boutons were identified in the lateral funiculus adjacent to the lesion site. Under electron microscope, moderately to highly CO-reactive mitochondria could be seen within nerve fibers and boutons. Synaptic contacts were identified among them. The increase in CO activity in nerve fibers and boutons may indicate their high-energy demand for synaptic and spontaneous activity following spinal cord hemisection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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Xu LH, Jiao XY, Ji ZL. [Transplantation of cultured human keratinocyte on collagen sponge]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:118-21. [PMID: 11286161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the skin regeneration using cultured human keratinocytes with collagen sponge transplanted into thickness wound of nude mice. METHODS Human foreskin from foreskin ectomy procedures was detached with 0.5% Dispase II. Epidermis sheets were separated from dermis and digested with 0.05% Trypsin into single cell suspension. Keratinocytes were cultured and seeded into collagen sponge during logarithmic growth phase. After 3 days, the keratinocytes-collagen sponge were grafted on full thickness wound of nude mice, compared with simple collagen sponge without keratinocytes. The histological, immunohistochemical examination and electron microscopy were detected. RESULTS After the epidermal substitute was grafted onto wound, the human keratinocytes were able to further proliferate and differentiate and develop into new epithelia. Compared with the control group, the wound healed earlier and contracted less, epithelia matured earlier, and the collagen fiber was less beneath epithelia. CONCLUSION Keratinocytes can grow on collagen sponge and migrate onto wound to develop into stratified epithelia and inhibit wound contract. The keratinocyte graft can be used to repair skin defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China 200433
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Wang ZM, Jiao XY, Xing X. [Tissue engineering of skin]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:241-4. [PMID: 12078313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the recent progresses on tissue engineering of skin. METHODS Recent original articles about tissue engineering of skin were extensively reviewed, which focused on the progresses and major problems concerning the epidermal substitutes, dermal substitutes, cultured-epidermal composite skin graft. RESULTS Most investigators had come to conclusion that the optimal skin substitute should provide for immediate reconstruction of both the lost epidermis and dermis. The research was mainly focused on how to transplant epidermal cells immediately, preserve their activity and function, and develop the extracellular matrix which could effectively accelerate the function of transplanted cells, induce vascular growth from the wound bed, could be biodegradable, no toxicity and no danger of carrying pathogen. CONCLUSION The major research trends of tissue engineering of skin should be focused on the study of immediate transplantation of epidermal cells, accelerate wound healing and developing extracellular matrix of dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China 200433
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Huang WJ, Wang BR, Yao LB, Huang CS, Wang X, Zhang P, Jiao XY, Duan XL, Chen BF, Ju G. Activity of p44/42 MAP kinase in the caudal subnucleus of trigeminal spinal nucleus is increased following perioral noxious stimulation in the mouse. Brain Res 2000; 861:181-5. [PMID: 10751581 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1 and ERK2), also referred to as the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p44/42 MAP kinase), plays an essential role in neuronal signal transduction, but its function involved in nociceptive response has not been deeply studied yet. Here we report immunohistochemical evidence that p44/42 MAPK might be critical in nociceptive response. We found that after formalin was injected into the perioral skin of the upper lip of mice, the number of activated p44/42 MAPK-like immunoreactive neurons was significantly increased in the laminae I and II of the caudal subnucleus of the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Sp5C). The positive neurons and fibers were mostly concentrated in the middle portion of Sp5C dorsoventrally, where the afferent fibers innervating the skin of the upper lip are terminated. The reactive products were localized in perikarya, dendrites, nuclei, and diffusely in the neuropil. The present result suggests that p44/42 MAPK may be important in the transmission and modulation of noxious information in Sp5C.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Huang
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Chang Le Xi Road, Xi'an, China
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Cao L, Rosenthal F, Jiao XY, Tanczos E, Mertelsmann R, Stark GB, Kulmburg P. [Continuous delivery of epidermal growth factor to wounds in vivo by genetically modified fibroblasts transfected with a novel chimeric construct]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 1999; 13:263-9. [PMID: 12080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to explore the new method of continuous delivery of epidermal growth factor to wounds by transfected fibroblasts to promote wound repair. METHODS It was constructed a novel chimeric expression plasmid in which the biologically active portion of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene was fused in-frame to the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor signal sequence. RESULTS Clonally selected human fibroblasts transfected with this construct could secrete biologically active EGF. After the transplantation of irradiated gene-transfected fibroblasts suspended in fibrin glue to murine full-thickness wounds, EGF could be demonstrated for at least seven days in the wounds, slowly decreasing from initially 470 ng/L to 140 ng/L in 7 days. No EGF was found in the wound at 14 days. CONCLUSION A single application of irradiated EGF gene transfected fibroblasts to wounds can continuously deliver the transgene in vivo and can be used to administer drugs to the wound bed during the crucial first seven days of wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China 200031
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Jiao XY, Kopp J, Xing X. [The study of new bio-membrane-bred epidermal cell grafts]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 1999; 13:105-8. [PMID: 12080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human epidermal cells were bred on a kind of bio-membrane, the bio-brane, in engineering a kind of new epidermal substitute, the bio-membrane bred cell graft. METHODS Fresh and frozen grafts of biomembrane bred epidermal cells were transplanted into the full-thickness wounds of nude mice and those received simple Bio-brane were served as control. The wounds of the two groups were observed daily and biopsy was taken on the 3, 5, 7, 10, 21 and 35 days respectively. RESULTS Epidermal cells could be cultured in vitro on the bio-membrane reaching the sub-saturated state of 60 to 70 percents. The bio-membrane after being grafted the epidermal cells continued to proliferate and differentiate to form a layer of new epidermis. There was no difference between the fresh and the frozen bio-membranes. CONCLUSION Bio-membrane bred with epidermal cells could be a kind of ideal epidermal substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Jiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China 200443.
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Jiao XY, Tanczos E, Dodic T, Voigt M, Haberstroh J, Stark GB. Prefabrication of bilaminar-epithelialized composite flap with tissue expander and cultured keratinocytes. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 103:138-44. [PMID: 9915174 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199901000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of prefabrication of a bilaminar-epithelialized flap by using a tissue expander and cultured keratinocytes, for reconstruction of perforate defects in the oral cavity and upper aerodigestive tract. In each of six rats, a 10-ml volume expander was implanted under the inferior epigastric flap and a thin silicon catheter was introduced into periexpander space. Seven days after implantation, 10 x 10(6) cultured keratinocytes, isolated from inbred donor rats, were suspended in fibrin glue and injected into the periexpander space through the catheter (n = 4 of 6). The expansion was started immediately after cell inoculation and lasted at least 3 weeks at the speed of 2 to 3 ml every 5 to 7 days. At the end of expansion, the periexpander space was opened and the capsule around the tissue expander was found to be covered completely with a neoepithelium. Thus, a bilaminar-epithelialized flap based on femoral vessels was elevated and successfully transferred to cover the excisional perforate defect in the oral cavity with the neoepithelial side as inner lining. All flaps treated with 10 x 10(6) cultured keratinocytes survived with complete wound healing during a 1-week follow-up (n = 4 of 6). Both macroscopic and histologic findings demonstrated that a bilaminar-epithelialized composite flap can be fabricated by using a tissue expander and keratinocyte-fibrin glue suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Jiao
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Germany
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