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Xu ZP, Sun GD, Chen YG, Shao WJ. [Surgical treatment of fecal incontinence]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 26:1132-1137. [PMID: 38110274 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20230822-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the surgical treatment of fecal incontinence. There are many surgical methods for fecal incontinence, and each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages and indications. The appropriate surgical procedure should be selected according to the patient's history, anatomical structure and severity of incontinence. Injectable bulking agents is suitable for passive fecal incontinence. Sphincteroplasty is suitable for patients with sphincter injury caused by vaginal delivery or surgical trauma. Sacral nerve stimulation and posterior tibial nerve stimulation are relatively conservative methods. Gracilomyoplasty, artificial anal sphincter or magnetic anal sphincter can be used in the treatment of refractory fecal incontinence, but with many complications. Colostomy is the ideal choice for patients who have failed to respond to conservative treatment and cannot undergo these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z P Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - G D Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - W J Shao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
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Wang ZZ, Yuan YF, Zhang Y, Chen YG. [Applications of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in corneal refractive surgery]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:851-857. [PMID: 37805419 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20221129-00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) has the characteristics of non-contact, noninvasive, high sensitivity, and repeatability, and offers high-resolution in vivo imaging of the structures of the anterior eye segment. It can be used in the diagnosis and assistance of conditions related to the anterior eye segment. This review provides an update on the research and clinical applications of AS-OCT in corneal refractive surgery, including preoperative keratoconus screening, intraoperative real-time visualization of corneal structures, postoperative corneal evaluation, and management of postoperative complications. We also explore the potential application of AS-OCT in combination with corneal biomechanical detection for corneal refractive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y F Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang LM, Ma HY, Sun P, Luo S, Luan YS, Ren PD, Cai XH, Chang HJ, Peng PX, Yu YG, Wang YY, Song BL, Xu WG, Chen YG. [Preliminary report on the use of total lumpectomyconical remnant gastric - esophagus side overlap anastomosis in radical resection of Siewert type II proximal gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 26:885-888. [PMID: 37709700 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20220930-00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: There is no standard method for esophageal remnant gastric reconstruction for proximal gastrectomy. Reflux esophagitis caused by esophagogastrostomy remains a difficult surgical problem. To report the preliminary surgical results of novel esophagus-conical remnant gastric side overlap anastomosis (CGEO) , with particular emphasis on postoperative esophageal reflux. Methods: In June 2022, we developed a novel CGEO for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy on two patients with Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Surgical procedures for CGEO: (1) Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and preparation of conically shaped gastric remnant; (2) Determining anastomotic site of residual stomach and esophagus; (3) Side-to-side anastomosis of right esophageal wall to anterior of conical gastric remnant; (4) Valvuloplasty of esophageal stump. Results: Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with an operation time of 305 minutes and was successfully discharged from the hospital on the 9th day after surgery, and the postoperative pathology was T3N0M0. Case 2 was an 82-year-old man with an operation time of 325 minutes. He was discharged on the 10th day after surgery. In both cases, only mild esophageal mucosal changes were seen in gastroscopy, there were no obvious symptoms of esophageal reflux. There was also no significant weight change at half a year after operation. Conclusion: CGEO is moderately safe in radical surgery for proximal gastric cancer, and may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal reflux, but long-term results need to be confirmed by further studies with follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - H Y Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - P Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - S Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y S Luan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - P D Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - X H Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - H J Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - P X Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y G Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - B L Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - W G Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518116, China
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen YG. [Corneal ectasia following small-incision lenticule extraction: a case report]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:476-480. [PMID: 37264578 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20221025-00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 22-year-old male presented with complaints of blurred vision in his right eye over the past 2 years following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery conducted 4 years ago. Following a thorough ocular examination and evaluation, he was diagnosed with corneal ectasia in the right eye after the SMILE procedure. Subsequently, the patient underwent corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment in the right eye to prevent the progression of the condition. After 3 months of treatment, the corneal ectasia remained stable. This article outlines the process of diagnosis and treatment, reviews the corneal conditions prior to the SMILE surgery, and analyzes the possible reasons behind the occurrence of postoperative corneal ectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
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Zheng W, Xu F, Bian Y, Zhang J, Tang MX, Li CB, Chen YG. [Enhance the management of cardiac arrest and improve the prognosis of the patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:1585-1590. [PMID: 37248056 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230309-00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is one of the major public health problems with sudden onset, high mortality and high disability rate. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease continues to rise and the burden of cardiac arrest is increasing in China. It is of great significance to explore more effective prevention and treatment measures to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest. This article discusses the relevant progress on the treatment ability of emergency and critical cardiovascular diseases, medicines and technologies for cardiac arrest care, and registry studies of cardiac arrest, to further promote the effective improvement of key capacities at various stages of the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - F Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - M X Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - C B Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Tai J, Chen YG. Differences in the immunogenicity of engineered circular RNAs. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad002. [PMID: 36787893 PMCID: PMC10257478 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Peng N, Chen Y, Chen YG, Tan S, Yao WB, Li YX, Yu JQ, Xiao CZ. Amplification of a terahertz wave via stimulated Raman scattering. Opt Lett 2023; 48:2433-2436. [PMID: 37126291 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extremely strong terahertz (THz) waves are desperately demanded for investigating nonlinear physics, spectroscopy, and imaging in the THz range. However, traditional crystal-/semiconductor-based THz sources have limitations of reaching extremely high amplitude due to the damage threshold of devices. Here, by introducing Raman amplification to the THz range, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme to amplify THz waves in plasma. A long-pulse CO2 pump laser transfers its energy to a multicycle, 10-THz seed in a two-step plasma. By one-dimensional simulations, a 0.87-GV/m, 1.2-ps-duration THz seed is amplified to 10 GV/m in a 5.7-mm-long plasma with an amplification efficiency approaching 1%. The method provides a new technology to manipulate the intensity of THz waves.
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Xu F, Bian Y, Zhang GQ, Gao LY, Liu YF, Liu TX, Li G, Song RX, Su LJ, Zhou YJ, Cui JY, Yan XL, Guo FM, Zhang HY, Li QH, Zhao M, Ma LK, You BA, Wang G, Kong L, Ma JL, Zhou XF, Chang ZL, Tang ZY, Yu DY, Cheng K, Xue L, Li X, Pang JJ, Wang JL, Zhang HT, Yu XZ, Chen YG. [Safety and efficacy of the early administration of levosimendan in patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and elevated NT-proBNP levels: An Early Management Strategy of Acute Heart Failure (EMS-AHF)]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:374-383. [PMID: 37032132 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220420-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - G Q Zhang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - L Y Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Y F Liu
- Department of Emergency, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - T X Liu
- Department of Emergency, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - R X Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - L J Su
- Department of Emergency, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Y J Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, China
| | - J Y Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - X L Yan
- Emergency Medicine Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - F M Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003,China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Central Hospital of Taian, Taian 271000, China
| | - Q H Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shenli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257000, China
| | - M Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - L K Ma
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei 230001, China
| | - B A You
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao 266031, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao 266031, China
| | - L Kong
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - J L Ma
- Department of Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - X F Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Z L Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Z Y Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - D Y Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - K Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - L Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - J J Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - J L Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - H T Zhang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X Z Yu
- Department of Emergency, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Acute Heart Failure Unit (AHFU), Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
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Li XJ, Yao CX, Qiu R, Bai JK, Liu C, Chen YG, Li SJ. Isolation, identification, and evaluation of the biocontrol potential of a Bacillus velezensis strain against tobacco root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:6917145. [PMID: 36626796 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is an economically important crop. Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum has become a damaging disease in N. tabacum crops grown in Henan province of China. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to screen bacterial isolates against F. oxysporum from rhizosphere soils of tobacco growing areas and to evaluate their antifungal activities, biocontrol effects, and effects on plant growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen strains with antifungal inhibition effects of >60% against F. oxysporum were obtained using the method of flat confrontation; the strain Ba-0321 was the strongest, with an antifungal effect of 75%. Moreover, this strain had broad spectrum antimicrobial activity to eight additional tobacco pathogens. The strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis by morphology and the 16S rDNA sequence. The B. velezensis strain Ba-0321 had strong UV resistance as well as tolerance to high temperatures and low nutrition. The bacteria inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum under in vitro co-culture conditions. In vivo assays demonstrated that the Ba-0321 strain significantly reduced the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, resulting in a control effect on tobacco root rot of 81.00%. Simultaneously, the bacteria significantly promoted root development and the growth of tobacco plants. CONCLUSION Our results confirmed that the B. velezensis strain Ba-0321 has a strong antifungal effect and stress resistance that enable it to be used as a biological control agent for tobacco root rot caused by F. oxysporum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Tobacco root rot caused by F. oxysporum has become a damaging disease in China. The B. velezensis strain Ba-0321 has promising application value for controlling tobacco root rot diseases, and it could provide a new biocontrol agent against root rot caused by F. oxysporum in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
| | - C X Yao
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China.,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Shanxi, Yangling 712100, China
| | - R Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
| | - J K Bai
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
| | - C Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
| | - S J Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 450002, China
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10
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Zhang RY, Chen YG. [New progress of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery for presbyopia]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:1111-1116. [PMID: 36480900 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20211215-00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Presbyopia refers to the decline in the accommodation of eye that occurs with age, symptoms begin to appear after the age of 40 and the clarity of vision at near is insufficient to satisfy an individual's requirements. The correction of presbyopia include restoring natural accommodation and improving symptom. The former is still difficult to achieve at present, while the latter mainly involves wearing convex lens, and with more and more patients wanting to get rid of frame glasses, refractive surgery is gradually promoted and applied. Corneal refractive surgery, especially laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, is one of the most common methods for surgical correction of presbyopia. We reviewed the recent literature to introduce the mechanism of corneal refractive surgery treating presbyopia and the efficacy of different surgical algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Piras R, Ko EY, Barrett C, De Simone M, Lin X, Broz MT, Tessaro FHG, Castillo-Martin M, Cordon-Cardo C, Goodridge HS, Di Vizio D, Batish M, Lawrenson K, Chen YG, Chan KS, Guarnerio J. circCsnk1g3- and circAnkib1-regulated interferon responses in sarcoma promote tumorigenesis by shaping the immune microenvironment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7243. [PMID: 36433954 PMCID: PMC9700836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) produce predominantly non-coding RNA species that have been recently profiled in many tumors. However, their functional contribution to cancer progression is still poorly understood. Here, we identify the circRNAs expressed in soft tissue sarcoma cells and explore how the circRNAs regulate sarcoma growth in vivo. We show that circCsnk1g3 and circAnkib1 promote tumor growth by shaping a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment, possibly due to their capabilities to regulate tumor-promoting elements extrinsic to the tumor cells. Accordingly, circCsnk1g3 and circAnkib1 can control the expression of interferon-related genes and pro-inflammatory factors in the sarcoma cells, thus directing immune cell recruitment into the tumor mass, and hence their activation. Mechanistically, circRNAs may repress pro-inflammatory elements by buffering activation of the pathways mediated by RIG-I, the cytosolic viral RNA sensor. The current findings suggest that the targeting of specific circRNAs could augment the efficacy of tumor and immune response to mainstay therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piras
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Y Ko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Connor Barrett
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Marco De Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xianzhi Lin
- Women's Cancer Research Program at Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina T Broz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fernando H G Tessaro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Research Program at Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keith Syson Chan
- Department of Pathology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jlenia Guarnerio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen Medical School, Department of Hematology Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Sefik E, Qu R, Junqueira C, Kaffe E, Mirza H, Zhao J, Brewer JR, Han A, Steach HR, Israelow B, Blackburn HN, Velazquez SE, Chen YG, Halene S, Iwasaki A, Meffre E, Nussenzweig M, Lieberman J, Wilen CB, Kluger Y, Flavell RA. Inflammasome activation in infected macrophages drives COVID-19 pathology. Nature 2022; 606:585-593. [PMID: 35483404 PMCID: PMC9288243 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine production, viral RNA and a sustained interferon (IFN) response, all of which are recapitulated and required for pathology in the SARS-CoV-2-infected MISTRG6-hACE2 humanized mouse model of COVID-19, which has a human immune system1-20. Blocking either viral replication with remdesivir21-23 or the downstream IFN-stimulated cascade with anti-IFNAR2 antibodies in vivo in the chronic stages of disease attenuates the overactive immune inflammatory response, especially inflammatory macrophages. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in lung-resident human macrophages is a critical driver of disease. In response to infection mediated by CD16 and ACE2 receptors, human macrophages activate inflammasomes, release interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-18, and undergo pyroptosis, thereby contributing to the hyperinflammatory state of the lungs. Inflammasome activation and the accompanying inflammatory response are necessary for lung inflammation, as inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway reverses chronic lung pathology. Notably, this blockade of inflammasome activation leads to the release of infectious virus by the infected macrophages. Thus, inflammasomes oppose host infection by SARS-CoV-2 through the production of inflammatory cytokines and suicide by pyroptosis to prevent a productive viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Richard Brewer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ailin Han
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Holly R Steach
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Holly N Blackburn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sofia E Velazquez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Hematology, Yale Cancer Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michel Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Applied Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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13
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Chen YG, Liu Y. [Paying extremely high attention to customized option and visual quality evaluation of refractive surgery]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:241-244. [PMID: 35391509 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220115-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of the methods to correct ametropia, refractive surgery has been accepted by more and more patients for its good safety, effectiveness and long-term stability. The two major types of refractive surgery are corneal refractive surgery, which is mainly performed with excimer laser and/or femtosecond laser, and phakic intraocular lens implantation. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Surgeons should choose the best method according to their own technical conditions and the individual situation of each patient. In the preoperative and postoperative evaluation, we should not only pay attention to uncorrected vision and refraction, but also carry out a comprehensive visual quality assessment from both subjective and objective aspects. The ultimate goal of refractive surgery is to maximize patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Sun XX, Zhang Y, Chen YG. [Correlation between the increase in corneal higher-order aberrations and the control of children's myopic anisometropia after wearing orthokeratology lenses]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:250-258. [PMID: 35391511 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210715-00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the interocular differences in both the increase of corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and axial length elongation, and the correlation between them after orthokeratology lens (OK lens) wear in children with myopic anisometropia. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. From 2018 to 2019, 31 children with myopic anisometropia who were fitted with OK lenses initially in the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled, including 15 males (30 eyes) and 16 females (32 eyes). The age was (10.7±1.4) years. Before (baseline) and 12 months after wearing OK lenses, corneal aberrations, corneal relative refractive power (corneal RRP, the difference between peripheral corneal refraction and central corneal refraction) and axial length were measured using the Sirius combining a corneal topographer and a tomographer and an IOL-Master intraocular lens biometer in two eyes. Interocular differences in corneal aberrations, corneal RRP and axial length were analyzed by the paired t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. The Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to explore the correlation between the increase in corneal HOAs, corneal RRP and axial length elongation. Results: At 12 months after wearing OK lenses, 6 children were lost for follow-up, and the data of the remaining 25 children (50 eyes) were evaluated. With 3.0- and 6.0-mm measuring zones of the total cornea and the anterior surface, the increases in total corneal HOAs, coma, spherical aberration of higher myopic eyes were significantly more than fellow lower myopic eyes (all P<0.05). The corneal RRP with 2.0-mm and 2.5-mm radius in the upper cornea and 2.5-mm radius in the inferior cornea of higher myopic eyes were more than fellow lower myopic eyes (t=-2.06, -2.07, -2.42; P=0.05, 0.049, 0.023), but there was no significant interocular difference in corneal RRP in the horizontal meridian direction of the cornea (both the nasal and temporal sides of the cornea) (both P>0.05). The axial length elongation in higher myopic eyes was 0.14 (0.08, 0.20) mm, which was significantly less than that in the contralateral eyes [0.18 (0.14, 0.35) mm] (Z =-3.21, P= 0.001). The interocular difference in axial length decreased from 0.40 (0.34, 0.54) mm at baseline to 0.33 (0.24, 0.54) mm (Z =-3.21, P = 0.001). The increases in HOAs, coma and spherical aberration of the anterior corneal surface with 3.0-mm measuring zone and the increase in coma of the anterior corneal surface with 6.0-mm measuring zone were all negatively correlated with axial length elongation (r=-0.493, -0.606, -0.500, -0.307; P<0.05). But the corneal RRP had no significant correlation with axial length elongation (r=-0.092, -0.104, -0.230, -0.061; P>0.05). Conclusion: After 12 months of OK lens wear, interocular difference in axial length reduced significantly in children with myopic anisometropia, which was related to the larger increase in corneal HOAs of higher myopic eyes than fellow lower myopic eyes, especially coma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Zhao XR, Yuan YF, Zhang Y, Chen YG. [Effect of hormones on keratoconus and its mechanism]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 58:309-314. [PMID: 35391519 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20210425-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus is an ectatic corneal disorder and characterized by central and/or inferior temporal corneal thinning in a cone shape. Studies have shown that its pathogenesis is related to changes in tissue proteins, enzymes, immune functions and specific genes, but the exact pathogenesis has not been clearly clarified yet. Hormones such as sex hormones have been found to be associated with keratoconus. This review aims to summarize and analyze the research progress of the effect of hormones on keratoconus and its mechanism, so as to explore the role of hormones in the early diagnosis of keratoconus and find new targets in the treatment of keratoconus, providing reference for clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- X R Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y F Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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16
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Xiao CZ, Chen YG, Myatt JF, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu ZJ, Zheng CY, He XT. Absolute stimulated Brillouin side scattering in an inhomogeneous flowing plasma. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:065203. [PMID: 35030935 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.065203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theory of absolute stimulated Brillouin side scattering in an inhomogeneous flowing plasma is presented and verified numerically. The linearized coupling equations are transformed into a Schrödinger equation in k space and solved as an eigenvalue problem. Analytic threshold, growth rate, and scattering geometry are obtained for the pump laser with arbitrary incidence angle. Numerical solutions of the coupling equations show good agreements between the theoretical and numerical absolute thresholds when ion-acoustic wave damping is not too large, and thus an old but famous threshold in [Phys. Fluids 17, 1211 (1974)PFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.1694867] is corrected. It also indicates that the theoretical analysis is not accurate for strong dampings, since it will overestimate the absolute threshold. Possibility of finding such instability in the current experiments is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Z Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y G Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - J F Myatt
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9211 116 St. NW, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Z J Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Y Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X T He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100084, China
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of RNAs distinguished by their single-stranded, covalently-closed topology. Although initially perceived as rare byproducts of aberrant splicing, circRNAs are now recognized as ubiquitously expressed and functionally significant. These discoveries have led to a growing need for ways to model circRNAs in living cells to advance our understanding of their biogenesis, regulation, and function, and to adopt them as new technologies for application within research and medicine. In this review, we provide an updated summary of approaches used to produce circRNAs in vitro and in vivo, the latter of which has grown considerably in recent years. Given increased interest in the unique functions carried out by individual circRNAs, we further dedicate a section on how to customize synthesized circRNAs for specific biological roles. We focus on the most common applications, including designing circRNAs for protein delivery, to target miRNAs and proteins, to act as fluorescent reporters, and to modulate cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Obi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is associated with most viral infections - it either constitutes the viral genome (in the case of dsRNA viruses) or is generated in host cells during viral replication. Hence, nearly all organisms have the capability of recognizing dsRNA and mounting a response, the primary aim of which is to mitigate the potential infection. In vertebrates, a set of innate immune receptors for dsRNA induce a multitude of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic immune responses upon dsRNA recognition. Notably, recent studies showed that vertebrate cells can accumulate self-derived dsRNAs or dsRNA-like species upon dysregulation of several cellular processes, activating the very same immune pathways as in infected cells. On the one hand, such aberrant immune activation in the absence of infection can lead to pathogenesis of immune disorders, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. On the other hand, the same innate immune reaction can be induced in a controlled setting for a therapeutic benefit, as occurs in immunotherapies. In this Review, we describe mechanisms by which immunostimulatory dsRNAs are generated in mammalian cells, either by viruses or by the host cells, and how cells respond to them, with the focus on recent developments regarding the role of cellular dsRNAs in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sun Hur
- Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Sefik E, Qu R, Kaffe E, Zhao J, Junqueira C, Mirza H, Brewer R, Han A, Steach H, Israelow B, Chen YG, Halene S, Iwasaki A, Meffre E, Nussenzweig M, Lieberman J, Wilen CB, Kluger Y, Flavell RA. Viral replication in human macrophages enhances an inflammatory cascade and interferon driven chronic COVID-19 in humanized mice. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34611663 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.27.461948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic COVID-19 is characterized by persistent viral RNA and sustained interferon (IFN) response which is recapitulated and required for pathology in SARS-CoV-2 infected MISTRG6-hACE2 humanized mice. As in the human disease, monocytes, and macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infected MISTRG6-hACE2 are central to disease pathology. Here, we describe SARS-CoV-2 uptake in tissue resident human macrophages that is enhanced by virus specific antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 replicates in these human macrophages as evidenced by detection of double-stranded RNA, subgenomic viral RNA and expression of a virally encoded fluorescent reporter gene; and it is inhibited by Remdesivir, an inhibitor of viral replication. Although early IFN deficiency leads to enhanced disease, blocking either viral replication with Remdesivir or the downstream IFN stimulated cascade by injecting anti-IFNAR2 in vivo in the chronic stages of disease attenuates many aspects of the overactive immune-inflammatory response, especially the inflammatory macrophage response, and most consequentially, the chronic disease itself.
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20
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of a wide variety of biological processes, but the roles of mitochondrial circRNAs are largely unknown. In this issue of Cell, Zhao et al. (2020) reveal that mitochondrial DNA-encoded circRNAs interact with ATP synthase subunit β (ATP5B) to inhibit the output of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the activation of liver fibroblasts, which regulate the pathogenesis of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichong Yan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a diverse class of RNAs with varying sizes, cellular abundance, and biological functions. Investigations from the past decade have revealed that circRNAs are ubiquitously found in eukaryotes and have defined the different biological roles of circRNAs to illuminate this previously unrecognized class of molecules. In the context of the immune system, immune responses and immune-related diseases alter circRNA expression. More recently, several oncogenic double-stranded DNA viruses have been found to encode circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of circRNAs and their emerging functions in immune regulation and autoimmune disorders, and discuss the identification and potential roles of viral circRNAs during infections. Finally, we present promising areas for future investigations in the nascent field of circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichong Yan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA..
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22
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Zhao ZH, Chen YG, Ning ZP, Chen XH. [Advances in the application of pulsed field ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:990-992. [PMID: 33210876 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200506-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z H Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medical & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Hangzhou Ruidi Biotechnology Co., LTD., Zhejiang Medical Laboratory of Pulsed Power Technology, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Z P Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medical & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - X H Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou 310003, China
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23
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Li I, Chen YG. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:107-115. [PMID: 33176221 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The proper function of the innate immune system depends on an intricate network of regulation that promotes effective responses to pathogens while avoiding autoimmunity. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of RNAs that lack 5' and 3' ends, have emerged as key actors in these networks. Recent studies have demonstrated that endogenous circRNAs in eukaryotes regulate the activation of innate immune proteins and cells through diverse modes of action. Some DNA viruses also encode circRNAs, and foreign circRNAs have been found to stimulate an innate immune response. This review summarizes recent investigations that reveal the critical roles that circRNAs play in innate immunity and points to future areas of study in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Li
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Xu L, Ye WM, Chen YG, Chen B, Cui YJ. Investigation on gas permeability of compacted GMZ bentonite with consideration of variations in liquid saturation, dry density and confining pressure. J Contam Hydrol 2020; 230:103622. [PMID: 32044157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the long term operation of a disposal repository, gas will be inevitably generated. Determination of gas permeability of compacted bentonite is of great importance for the safety assessment of the engineered barrier system. In the present work, the steady-state and residual pressure methods were employed to determine the gas permeability of GaoMiaoZi (GMZ) bentonite with consideration of variations in liquid saturation, dry density and confining pressure. Results show that, gas migration in saturated GMZ bentonite was mainly controlled by diffusion with an effective gas permeability of 1E-23 m2 - 1E-25 m2. While in unsaturated GMZ bentonite, significant gas flow rates could be observed, which increased stably with the increase of gas injection pressure. Klinkenberg effect was significant when gas flow through GMZ bentonite. The Klinkenberg corrected gas permeability decreased by 3.5-5.5 orders of magnitude as the liquid saturation increased from 10% to 70%. A decreasing magnitude of 1-2 orders in Klinkenberg corrected gas permeability was presented with the dry density increased from 1.5 Mg/m3 and 1.7 Mg/m3. The Klinkenberg corrected gas permeability decreased by 0-1 orders of magnitude as the confining pressure increased from 3 MPa to 7 MPa. By using the accessible porosity, gas measured intrinsic permeability could be determined with values ranged between 1E-15 m2 to 4E-15 m2, which was higher than the water measured one by 5 orders of magnitude. Additionally, a generalized power law was successfully adopted in this study to describe the evolution of gas relative permeability with the liquid saturation. Overall, the effective gas permeability, Klinkenberg corrected gas permeability, intrinsic and relative permeability determined in this study provided a comprehensive perspective to assess the buffering property of GMZ bentonite in multi-physical field coupling environment. The parameters obtained can be adopted in further simulation works for long-term safety analysis of the disposal repository from the viewpoint of gas migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xu
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - W M Ye
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Y J Cui
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Laboratoire Navier, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, France
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25
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Wang LC, Chen YG, Zhang Y, Yang HY, Zhao R, Xia YJ. [Clinical study on topography-guided laser ablation combined with accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking for early keratoconus]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019; 55:904-910. [PMID: 31874503 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of topography-guided customized excimer laser subepithelial ablation combined with accelerated collagen cross-linking technique in treatment of early keratoconus. Methods: Ninteen patients(20 eyes) (13 males 14 eyes, and 6 females 6 eyes), aged 12 to 44 years (24.7±8.0) were diagnosed as keratoconus by three-dimensional corneal topography and tomography, clinical history and examinations, and classified as KC1~KC3. Based on the classical excimer laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) method, topography guided laser ablation was performed with an excimer laser system (WaveLight EX500). After laser ablation, the corneal stromal bed was immersed with 0.1% riboflavin for 10 minutes, and then was irradiated by ultraviolet light (Avedro KXL) at 30 mW/cm(2) for 4 minutes. All the patients were followed up for more than 12 months. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), diopter, best corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal topography, central corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), hexagonal cell percentage (HEX), coefficient of variation (CV) and other indicators were observed. For normal distribution variables, Dunnett-t test was used before and after operation, and Wilcoxon test was used for variables with abnormal distribution. And the complications were recorded. Results: There was no loss of BSCVA at 12 months postoperatively, 20% of the eyes had no change of BSCVA, and 15% of the eyes gained 1 line of BSCVA, 15% of the eyes gained 2 lines of BSCVA, 50% of the eyes gained 3 lines and more of BSCVA. There was no significant difference in UCVA, BSCVA, manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) and the cylinder at 3 months postoperatively (P>0.05). The BSCVA were significantly improved at 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared with those before operation (t=3.095, 3.079, <0.05). Although there was no significant difference in UCVA and MRSE, the cylinder was significantly reduced at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (t=-2.890, -2.435, P<0.05). Apex curvature (Kapex) and mean pupil power (MPP) within 4.5mm of central cornea decreased significantly (Z=-2.903, P<0.01; Z=-2.667, P<0.01). Even though the thinnest corneal thickness decreased from pre-operational (461.9±31.1) μm to post-operational (416.6±27.0) μm (Z=-3.059, P<0.01), the cornea became regular with keratometric asymmetry index of anterior corneal surface decreased (Z=-2.667, P<0.01). The corneal optical quality parameters were improved. There was no significant difference in ECD, HEX and CV at 12 months postoperatively (P>0.05). Twelve months after operation, grade 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 haze were seen on 20%, 55%, 20% and 5% corneas respectively. Conclusions: The topography guided excimer laser ablation combined with accelerated corneal collagen cross linking is safe and effective in treatment of early stage keratoconus. It can significantly improve corneal regularity while preventing keratoconus progression, so as to improve the best corrected visual acuity postoperatively. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 904-910).
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Wang
- Department of ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; 2 Department of ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Zhengzhou. Zhengzhou 450006, Henan, China
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Chen YG, Chen R, Ahmad S, Verma R, Kasturi SP, Amaya L, Broughton JP, Kim J, Cadena C, Pulendran B, Hur S, Chang HY. N6-Methyladenosine Modification Controls Circular RNA Immunity. Mol Cell 2019; 76:96-109.e9. [PMID: 31474572 PMCID: PMC6778039 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are prevalent in eukaryotic cells and viral genomes. Mammalian cells possess innate immunity to detect foreign circRNAs, but the molecular basis of self versus foreign identity in circRNA immunity is unknown. Here, we show that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification on human circRNAs inhibits innate immunity. Foreign circRNAs are potent adjuvants to induce antigen-specific T cell activation, antibody production, and anti-tumor immunity in vivo, and m6A modification abrogates immune gene activation and adjuvant activity. m6A reader YTHDF2 sequesters m6A-circRNA and is essential for suppression of innate immunity. Unmodified circRNA, but not m6A-modified circRNA, directly activates RNA pattern recognition receptor RIG-I in the presence of lysine-63-linked polyubiquitin chain to cause filamentation of the adaptor protein MAVS and activation of the downstream transcription factor IRF3. CircRNA immunity has considerable parallel to prokaryotic DNA restriction modification system that transforms nucleic acid chemical modification into organismal innate immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adenosine/administration & dosage
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/immunology
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunization
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/metabolism
- Interferons/immunology
- Interferons/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Polyubiquitin/immunology
- Polyubiquitin/metabolism
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Circular/administration & dosage
- RNA, Circular/immunology
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rohit Verma
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sudhir Pai Kasturi
- Emory Vaccine Center/Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura Amaya
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James P Broughton
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeewon Kim
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cristhian Cadena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Mechanisms of viral infection are active areas of investigation. In a recent issue of Science, Wang et al. (2017) reveal an additional function of a host-encoded long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in regulating viral expression by binding a host metabolic enzyme to enhance its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
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Shan T, Chen YG, Hong B, Zhou H, Xia JZ. [Expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA CCAT1 in gastric cancer]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 97:1411-1414. [PMID: 28535628 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.18.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) in gastric cancer (GC), and to further explore the effect of CCAT1 on cell proliferation of GC. Methods: The mRNA expressions of CCAT1 in GC tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues from 62 patients who received resection for gastric carcinoma between January 2013 and May 2015 in Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital and expressions in GC cell lines were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The clinical significance of CCAT1 expression was then analyzed. The expressions of CCAT1 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells were inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. The effect of CCAT1 on cell proliferation was studied by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. Results: The expressions of CCAT1 mRNA in GC tissues were significantly higher than in the normal tissues (3.39±2.37 vs 1.28±0.74, P<0.05). Compared with immortalized human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1), the expressions of CCAT1 mRNA were significantly higher in GC cell lines MGC-803 and SGC-7901 (3.07±0.69, 2.23±0.32 vs 1.01±0.12, both P<0.05). Besides, the expression of CCAT1 varied significantly among patients with different TNM stage, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis (χ(2) =5.199, 5.395, 9.239, all P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 assay showed that down-regulation of CCAT1 in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells significantly inhibited the cell proliferation (both P<0.05). Conclusions: CCAT1 is up-regulated in GC and may be significantly correlated with the progression of GC. Decreased expression of CCAT1 can suppress the proliferation of GC cells. CCAT1 might be used as a novel target for GC early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shan
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
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29
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Cho SW, Xu J, Sun R, Mumbach MR, Carter AC, Chen YG, Yost KE, Kim J, He J, Nevins SA, Chin SF, Caldas C, Liu SJ, Horlbeck MA, Lim DA, Weissman JS, Curtis C, Chang HY. Promoter of lncRNA Gene PVT1 Is a Tumor-Suppressor DNA Boundary Element. Cell 2018; 173:1398-1412.e22. [PMID: 29731168 PMCID: PMC5984165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding mutations in cancer genomes are frequent but challenging to interpret. PVT1 encodes an oncogenic lncRNA, but recurrent translocations and deletions in human cancers suggest alternative mechanisms. Here, we show that the PVT1 promoter has a tumor-suppressor function that is independent of PVT1 lncRNA. CRISPR interference of PVT1 promoter enhances breast cancer cell competition and growth in vivo. The promoters of the PVT1 and the MYC oncogenes, located 55 kb apart on chromosome 8q24, compete for engagement with four intragenic enhancers in the PVT1 locus, thereby allowing the PVT1 promoter to regulate pause release of MYC transcription. PVT1 undergoes developmentally regulated monoallelic expression, and the PVT1 promoter inhibits MYC expression only from the same chromosome via promoter competition. Cancer genome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations encompassing the human PVT1 promoter, and genome editing verified that PVT1 promoter mutation promotes cancer cell growth. These results highlight regulatory sequences of lncRNA genes as potential disease-associated DNA elements.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromatin
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, myc
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Cho
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruping Sun
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ava C Carter
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kathryn E Yost
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeewon Kim
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing He
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie A Nevins
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Breast Cancer Program, CRUK Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - S John Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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30
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Zhang Y, Chen YG, Yang HY, Xia YJ, Zhao R. [Analysis on the role of Sirius combined topography and tomography system in screening for suspect keratoconus]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018; 54:33-38. [PMID: 29429285 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the role of Sirius combined topography and tomography system in screening for suspect keratoconus among the corneal refractive surgery candidates. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Eight hundred and sixteen consecutive ametropic patients (1 632 eyes) who underwent routine examinations before corneal refractive surgery at Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to September 2016 were reviewed. All the cases were analyzed with Sirius combined topography and tomography system. Fifty-nine eyes of 37 patients, aged (28.9±7.4) years, classified as suspect keratoconus by the system were enrolled in the suspect group, including 25 females (40 eyes) and 12 males (19 eyes). A random eye of the first 59 patients, aged (27.1±6.4)years, whose both eyes were classified as normal by Sirius system were enrolled in the control group, including 38 females and 21 males. The corneal anterior surface, posterior surface and minimum thickness data of the suspect group were analyzed and then compared with the control group. The classified results were further verified by Pentacam system. Independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to analyze the normal distribution and non-normal distribution data respectively. Results: The medians of anterior surface and posterior surface symmetry index and Baiocchi Calossi Versaci index of anterior surface and posterior surface of the suspect group were 0.84, 0.22, 0.58 and 0.51 D, and that of the control group were 0.05, 0.04, 0.09 and 0.06 D, and the differences were of statistical significance (Z=-18.764, -8.351, -12.248, -10.709, P<0.01). Mean corneal minimum thickness data of the suspect group were (504.4±30.0)μm, and that of the control group were (541.2±32.1)μm, the differences were of statistical significance (t=-6.408, P<0.01). In the suspect group, the eyes related with suspect or abnormal corneal anterior indices accounted for 47.5% (28/59), the eyes related with suspect or abnormal corneal posterior indices accounted for 55.9% (33/59), and the eyes related with suspect or abnormal corneal minimum thickness accounted for 40.7% (24/59). In the suspect group, 45 eyes (76.3%) were classified as suspect or abnormal according to the overall variance index "D" by Belin-Ambrósio Display (BAD) of the Pentacam system, and the other 14 eyes exhibited at least one abnormal index related with keratoconus. Conclusions: Sirius 3D combined topography and tomography and its integral automatic classification system is capable to screen out the suspect keratoconus simply and effectively. These indices maybe arranged in descending order in terms of the sensitivity as corneal posterior surface, followed by corneal anterior surface and then corneal thinnest point thickness. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 33-38).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Bailey AS, Batista PJ, Gold RS, Chen YG, de Rooij DG, Chang HY, Fuller MT. The conserved RNA helicase YTHDC2 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the germline. eLife 2017; 6:e26116. [PMID: 29087293 PMCID: PMC5703642 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The switch from mitosis to meiosis is the key event marking onset of differentiation in the germline stem cell lineage. In Drosophila, the translational repressor Bgcn is required for spermatogonia to stop mitosis and transition to meiotic prophase and the spermatocyte state. Here we show that the mammalian Bgcn homolog YTHDC2 facilitates a clean switch from mitosis to meiosis in mouse germ cells, revealing a conserved role for YTHDC2 in this critical cell fate transition. YTHDC2-deficient male germ cells enter meiosis but have a mixed identity, maintaining expression of Cyclin A2 and failing to properly express many meiotic markers. Instead of continuing through meiotic prophase, the cells attempt an abnormal mitotic-like division and die. YTHDC2 binds multiple transcripts including Ccna2 and other mitotic transcripts, binds specific piRNA precursors, and interacts with RNA granule components, suggesting that proper progression of germ cells through meiosis is licensed by YTHDC2 through post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis S Bailey
- Department of Developmental BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Center for Personal Dynamic RegulomesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Rebecca S Gold
- Department of Developmental BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic RegulomesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Dirk G de Rooij
- Center for Reproductive MedicineAcademic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic RegulomesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Margaret T Fuller
- Department of Developmental BiologyStanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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32
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Chen YG, Satpathy AT, Chang HY. Gene regulation in the immune system by long noncoding RNAs. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:962-972. [PMID: 28829444 PMCID: PMC9830650 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression in the immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly lineage-specific manner and control the differentiation and function of innate and adaptive cell types. In this Review, we focus on mechanisms used by lncRNAs to regulate genes encoding products involved in the immune response, including direct interactions with chromatin, RNA and proteins. In addition, we address new areas of lncRNA biology, such as the functions of enhancer RNAs, circular RNAs and chemical modifications to RNA in cellular processes. We emphasize critical gaps in knowledge and future prospects for the roles of lncRNAs in the immune system and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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33
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Li HB, Tong J, Zhu S, Batista PJ, Duffy EE, Zhao J, Bailis W, Cao G, Kroehling L, Chen Y, Wang G, Broughton JP, Chen YG, Kluger Y, Simon MD, Chang HY, Yin Z, Flavell RA. m 6A mRNA methylation controls T cell homeostasis by targeting the IL-7/STAT5/SOCS pathways. Nature 2017; 548:338-342. [PMID: 28792938 PMCID: PMC5729908 DOI: 10.1038/nature23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common and abundant messenger RNA modification, modulated by ‘writers’, ‘erasers’ and ‘readers’ of this mark 1,2. In vitro data have shown that m6A influences all fundamental aspects of mRNA metabolism, mainly mRNA stability, to determine stem cell fates 3,4. However, its in vivo physiological function in mammals and adult mammalian cells is still unknown. Here we show that deletion of m6A ‘writer’ protein METTL3 in mouse T cells disrupts T cell homeostasis and differentiation. In a lymphopenic mouse adoptive transfer model, naive Mettl3 deficient T cells failed to undergo homeostatic expansion and remarkably remained in the naïve state up through 12 weeks, thereby preventing colitis. Consistent with these observations, the mRNAs of SOCS family genes encoding STAT- signaling inhibitory proteins, Socs1, Socs3 and Cish, were marked by m6A, exhibited slower mRNA decay and increased mRNAs and protein expression levels in Mettl3 deficient naïve T cells. This increased SOCS family activity consequently inhibited IL-7 mediated STAT5 activation and T cell homeostatic proliferation and differentiation. We also found that m6A plays important roles for inducible degradation of Socs mRNAs in response to IL-7 signaling in order to reprogram Naïve T cells for proliferation and differentiation. Our study elucidates for the first time the in vivo biological role of m6A modification in T cell mediated pathogenesis and reveals a novel mechanism of T cell homeostasis and signal-dependent induction of mRNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Bing Li
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jiyu Tong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Center for Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erin E Duffy
- Department of Molecular Biophysics &Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Guangchao Cao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lina Kroehling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - James P Broughton
- Center for Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Grace Chen
- Center for Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics &Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhinan Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789, USA
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Chen YG, Kim MV, Chen X, Batista PJ, Aoyama S, Wilusz JE, Iwasaki A, Chang HY. Sensing Self and Foreign Circular RNAs by Intron Identity. Mol Cell 2017; 67:228-238.e5. [PMID: 28625551 PMCID: PMC5610545 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that are joined head to tail with largely unknown functions. Here we show that transfection of purified in vitro generated circRNA into mammalian cells led to potent induction of innate immunity genes and confers protection against viral infection. The nucleic acid sensor RIG-I is necessary to sense foreign circRNA, and RIG-I and foreign circRNA co-aggregate in cytoplasmic foci. CircRNA activation of innate immunity is independent of a 5' triphosphate, double-stranded RNA structure, or the primary sequence of the foreign circRNA. Instead, self-nonself discrimination depends on the intron that programs the circRNA. Use of a human intron to express a foreign circRNA sequence abrogates immune activation, and mature human circRNA is associated with diverse RNA binding proteins reflecting its endogenous splicing and biogenesis. These results reveal innate immune sensing of circRNA and highlight introns-the predominant output of mammalian transcription-as arbiters of self-nonself identity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/prevention & control
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Introns
- Mice
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Binding
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- RNA/biosynthesis
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/immunology
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Circular
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Spliceosomes/immunology
- Spliceosomes/metabolism
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Myoungjoo V Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Saeko Aoyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jeremy E Wilusz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Chen YG, Chen SF, Yang YJ, Long AA, Liu XQ. [Expression and significance of miR-210 in the epididymis in rats with varicocele and following varicocelectomy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96:2885-2888. [PMID: 27760632 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.36.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of microRNA 210 (miR-210) in the epididymis of rats with varicocele and changes in miR-210 expression following high spermatic vein ligation, so as to explore the significance of the surgery in treating varicocele. Methods: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 weeks were randomly divided into control group (n=7), experimental group (n=7), and surgical group (n=7). Varicocele model was established in both the experimental and surgical groups, while only vein isolation was performed in the control group. After 8 weeks, spermatic vein diameter were measured in the control and experimental rats, and collected the left epididymis (fixed in formaldehyde and frozen in refrigerator at -80 ℃). In the surgical group, left high spermatic vein ligation was performed, and the left epididymis was collected after 4 weeks as in the control and the experimental groups. The fixed epididymis tissues were treated with HE staining for observation of tissue injuries. The miR-210 expression in the epididymis was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At last every group had 5 rats. Results: The pathological examination showed that the number and distribution of mature sperms in epididymal duct in the experimental group were lower and less even compared to the control group, while the two indicators in the surgical group were better than those in the experimental group. The diameter of the left spermatic vein in the experimental group and pre-treatment surgical group were significantly enlarged than in the control group (P<0.01). The expression of miR-210 in the left epididymis in the experimental group was significantly higher compared with the control group(1.32±0.06 vs 0.98±0.14, P<0.01), while the expression of miR-210 in the left epididymis in the surgical group was significantly decreased compared with the experimental group (0.96±0.16 vs 1.32±0.06, P<0.01); the difference between the control group and the surgical group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The expression of miR-210 in the epididymis may be increased by varicocele and reduced after high ligation of the affected spermatic vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - S F Chen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Y J Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - A A Long
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - X Q Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China
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Li CB, Chen YG. [Progress of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation application in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2016; 44:361-363. [PMID: 27112621 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Han YL, Chen YD, Jiang TM, Ge JB, Cheng XS, Li JL, Chen YG, Ma YT, Xie Q, Ma LK, Zheng XQ, Yang BS, Chen SL, Wang G, Zhao X, Liu HW, Liang ZY, Liu ML, Wang HY, Li Y. [A large-scale, multicenter, retrospective study on efficacy of bivalirudin use during peri-percutaneous coronary intervention period for Chinese patients with coronary heart disease]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2016; 44:121-7. [PMID: 26926504 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin use in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) during the peri-percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) period. METHODS A total of 3 271 patients who underwent PCI and received periprocedural bivalirudin treatment between July 2013 and October 2015 from 88 centers of China were involved in this study. The primary outcome was 30-day net adverse clinical events (NACE a composite of major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (MACE, all-cause death, reinfarction, urgent target vessel revascularization, or stroke) or bleeding), the secondary outcome was stent thrombosis at 30 days. RESULTS The mean age of enrolled patients was (65.12±12.44) years old, 27.4%(889/3 244) of them were female. Percent of stable coronary disease (SCD), non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 5.0%(162/3 248), 44.6%(1 450/3 248) and 50.4%(1 636/3 248) respectively. Radial access was performed in 89.5% (2 879/3 271) patients, and 9.7% (316/3 271) and 34.1% (1 115/3 271) patients also received ticagrelor and tirofiban medication. 69.3% (2 266/3 271) patients received post-procedural bivalirudin infusion, in which 46.3% (1 050/2 266) was treated at PCI-does, with a median duration of 2.5(1.0, 4.0) h. During the 30-day follow-up, NACE occurred in 3.45% (103/2 988) patients, the incidence of MACE, death was 2.17% (65/2 994) and 1.03% (31/3 017), respectively and bleeding events were recorded in 1.37% (41/2 996) patients. Four cases (0.13%) of stent thrombosis (3 acute stent thrombosis) were recorded. CONCLUSION Peri-PCI Bivalirudin use is safe and related with low bleeding risk in Chinese CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Han
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
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Chen YG, Chen X, Kuang CW, Huang XT. Neural oscillatory correlates of duration maintenance in working memory. Neuroscience 2015; 290:389-97. [PMID: 25637487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is a core element of temporal information processing, but little is known about the internal representation and neuronal underpinnings of the duration maintenance in WM. The neural oscillations during maintenance of duration in WM were examined using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. The EEG results showed that theta amplitude was not modulated by the length of duration retained in WM, while alpha amplitude decreased in a 4-s duration condition compared with 1-s, 2-s, and 3-s duration conditions. The amplitude of alpha power positively correlated with accuracy for the 3-s duration condition. The results suggest that alpha activity is involved in duration maintenance in WM. Our study provides electrophysiological evidence that different internal representations are retained in WM for durations below and above about 3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - C W Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - X T Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Chen YP, Chen YG, Jiang F, Chen JM. Correlation and interventional embolization therapy of posterior intercostal arteries-induced hemoptysis. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:4252-9. [PMID: 25036168 DOI: 10.4238/2014.june.9.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of posterior intercostal arteries-induced hemoptysis, its correlation with primary diseases, and the value of interventional embolization therapy were investigated. Clinical data, multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and other imaging data of 143 cases of hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. After the offending vessels were subjected to interventional embolization therapy, patients were followed-up for observations of clinical efficacies and complications. Thirty-one patients (21.7%) showed 65 branches of posterior intercostal arteries as the non-bronchial systemic arteries involved in hemoptysis; pleural thickening was evident in 25 (80.6%) cases. Posterior intercostal arteries-induced hemoptysis was observed in 16 of the 27 (59.3%) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and in 9 of the 10 (90.0%) patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary damage. Posterior intercostal arteries-induced hemoptysis was correlated to pleural thickening (P<0.05), which differed significantly among different underlying diseases (P<0.05). Twenty-eight cases of 58 branches of posterior intercostal arteries were found to be involved in hemoptysis by preoperative chest CT angiogram (CTA); the intraoperative matching rates were 90.3% (28/31) and 89.2% (58/65), respectively. Thirty-one patients received transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), of which 29 (93.5%) showed immediate hemostasis; 1 case had surgical treatment for ineffectuality, and 2 cases showed recurrence without serious complications. The posterior intercostal arteries were commonly involved in hemoptysis, and were closely associated with pleural thickening and pulmonary tuberculosis, especially when accompanied by pulmonary damage. Complete TAE could improve the treatment effect of hemoptysis and preoperative chest CTA was helpful for interventional embolization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Chen
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Y G Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - F Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - J M Chen
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Yang JZ, Jiang H, Wang WJ, Zhang YM, Liu Y, Chen YG. Isolation and Characterization of Batatasin III and 3,4’- Dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl: A Pair of Positional Isomers from Sunipia scariosa. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Chen YG, Mordes JP, Blankenhorn EP, Kashmiri H, Kaldunski ML, Jia S, Geoffrey R, Wang X, Hessner MJ. Temporal induction of immunoregulatory processes coincides with age-dependent resistance to viral-induced type 1 diabetes. Genes Immun 2013; 14:387-400. [PMID: 23739610 PMCID: PMC4027975 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dilute plasma cytokine milieu associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), while difficult to measure directly, is sufficient to drive transcription in a bioassay that uses healthy leukocytes as reporters. Previously, we reported disease-associated, partially IL-1 dependent, transcriptional signatures in both T1D patients and the BioBreeding (BB) rat model. Here, we examine temporal signatures in congenic BBDR.lyp/lyp rats that develop spontaneous T1D, and BBDR rats where T1D progresses only after immunological perturbation in young animals. After weaning, the BBDR temporal signature showed early coincident induction of transcription related to innate inflammation as well as IL-10- and TGF-β-mediated regulation. BBDR plasma cytokine levels mirrored the signatures showing early inflammation, followed by induction of a regulated state that correlated with failure of virus to induce T1D in older rats. In contrast, the BBDR.lyp/lyp temporal signature exhibited asynchronous dynamics, with delayed induction of inflammatory transcription and later, weaker induction of regulatory transcription, consistent with their deficiency in regulatory T cells. Through longitudinal analyses of plasma-induced signatures in BB rats and a human T1D progressor, we have identified changes in immunoregulatory processes that attenuate a preexisting innate inflammatory state in BBDR rats, suggesting a mechanism underlying the decline in T1D susceptibility with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Chen YG, Kao TS, Ng B, Li X, Luo XG, Luk'yanchuk B, Maier SA, Hong MH. Hybrid phase-change plasmonic crystals for active tuning of lattice resonances. Opt Express 2013; 21:13691-13698. [PMID: 23736622 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.013691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tunable lattice resonances are demonstrated in a hybrid plasmonic crystal incorporating the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as a 20-nm-thick layer sandwiched between a gold nanodisk array and a quartz substrate. Non-volatile tuning of lattice resonances over a range Δλ of about 500 nm (1.89 µm to 2.27 µm) is achieved experimentally via intermediate phase states of the GST layer. This work demonstrates the efficacy and ease of resonance tuning via GST in the near infrared, suggesting the possibility to design broadband non-volatile tunable devices for optical modulation, switching, sensing and nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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He JM, Huang XT, Yuan H, Chen YG. Neural activity in relation to temporal distance: differences in past and future temporal discounting. Conscious Cogn 2012; 21:1662-72. [PMID: 23073147 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the differences between past and future temporal discounting in terms of neural activity in relation to temporal distance. Results show that brain regions are engaged differently in past and future temporal discounting. This is likely because past temporal discounting requires memory reconstruction, whereas future temporal discounting requires the processing of uncertainty about the future. In past temporal discounting, neural activity differed only when preferences were made between rewards received one hour prior and rewards received further in the past. The peak amplitudes of P2 and P3 varied as the temporal distance increased from 2 weeks to 50 years. In future temporal discounting, neural activity differed only when preferences were evaluated between two delayed rewards. The delay conditions (6 months:5 years) and (6 months:50 years) had a significant influence on P2 and N2. Findings indicate the existence of different decision-making systems operating in past and future temporal discounting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M He
- Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
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Dumelin CE, Chen Y, Leconte AM, Chen YG, Liu DR. Discovery and biological characterization of geranylated RNA in bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2012; 8:913-9. [PMID: 22983156 PMCID: PMC3494293 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A general MS-based screen for unusually hydrophobic cellular small molecule-RNA conjugates revealed geranylated RNA in Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium. The geranyl group is conjugated to the sulfur atom in two 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine nucleotides. These geranylated nucleotides occur in the first anticodon position of tRNA(Glu)(UUC), tRNA(Lys)(UUU) and tRNA(Gln)(UUG) at a frequency of up to 6.7% (~400 geranylated nucleotides per cell). RNA geranylation can be increased or abolished by mutation or deletion of the selU (ybbB) gene in E. coli, and purified SelU protein in the presence of geranyl pyrophosphate and tRNA can produce geranylated tRNA. The presence or absence of the geranyl group in tRNA(Glu)(UUC), tRNA(Lys)(UUU) and tRNA(Gln)(UUG) affects codon bias and frameshifting during translation. These RNAs represent the first reported examples of oligoisoprenylated cellular nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph E Dumelin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Pan C, Chen YG, Ma XY, Jiang JH, He F, Zhang Y. Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Plants from the Genus Adiantum: A Review. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i5.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hao PP, Zhang MX, Li RJ, Yang JM, Wang JL, Chen YG, Zhang Y. Clopidogrel 150 vs. 75 mg day(-1) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:627-37. [PMID: 21255255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an increase in the daily oral maintenance dose of clopidogrel may improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still debated. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the relative effect of a 150- vs. 75-mg daily maintenance dosage of clopidogrel on clinical and laboratory end-points in patients undergoing PCI. METHODS We searched electronic and printed sources (up to 14 December 2010) for both randomized control trials and observational studies satisfying the predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS We retrieved 12 reports of studies including a total of 23,814 patients. Clopidogrel, 150 mg day(-1), was associated with significant reductions in major adverse cardiac and/or cerebrovascular events (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-0.94), myocardial infarction (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86), target vessel revascularization (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12-0.62) and stent thrombosis (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.53-0.77) and decreased adenosine diphosphate-induced maximal platelet aggregation. However, as compared with 75 mg day(-1), the 150-mg daily maintenance dosage significantly increased the risk of minor bleeding (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36). CONCLUSION As compared with the currently recommended 75-mg day(-1) maintenance dosage of clopidogrel, the 150-mg day(-1) dosage can reduce major adverse cardiac and/or cerebrovascular events but may increase the risk of minor bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Du WB, Li LJ, Huang JR, Yang Q, Liu XL, Li J, Chen YM, Cao HC, Xu W, Fu SZ, Chen YG. Effects of artificial liver support system on patients with acute or chronic liver failure. Transplant Proc 2006; 37:4359-64. [PMID: 16387120 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute on chronic liver failure (AoCLF) is associated with a high mortality rate. Artificial liver support system (ALSS) is useful to bridge patients with liver failure to liver transplantation or to regenerate their own livers. The aims of this prospective study were to investigate the effects of ALSS on clinical manifestations, liver function, and 30-day survival to probe the factors related to mortality in patients with AoCLF. METHODS In this study, 338 enrolled patients with AoCLF who received ALSS treatment for 1 to 8 sessions, were compared with 312 patients treated with conventional medications. RESULTS Clinical manifestations and liver functions were significantly improved, namely, decreased levels of serum transaminases, total bilirubin, and bile acid, as well as increased levels of serum albumin following ALSS treatment. The 30-day survival rates of the patients who received ALSS versus controls were 47.9% versus 34.6%, respectively (P = .01). The MELD score and the stage of hepatic encephalopathy were highly associated with mortality (P < .001), but the sessions of ALSS showed a positive relation to the 30-day survival (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS ALSS appears to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of patients with AoCLF. Both model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and hepatic encephalopathy are useful to predict the mortality of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Du
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Public Health of China, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shen ZJ, Chen XP, Chen YG. Inhibin B, activin A, and follistatin and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005; 88:336-7. [PMID: 15733898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 96 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Garikapaty VPS, Ashok BT, Chen YG, Mittelman A, Iatropoulos M, Tiwari RK. Anti-carcinogenic and anti-metastatic properties of indole-3-carbinol in prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2005; 13:89-93. [PMID: 15583807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound present as glucobracissin in cruciferous vegetables has anticancer activities which is in line with some of the epidemiological evidence that suggests a beneficial effect of consumption of cruciferous vegetables on cancer incidence and progression. The precise target of indole-3-carbinol has not been determined. We examined the effect of I3C on prostate cancer in a well-defined R3327 model using Copenhagen rats and the transplantable cell line, MAT-LyLu. This cell line derived from a tumor in Copenhagen rats is androgen independent and metastasizes to the lung and lymph nodes. Tumors were induced in Copenhagen rats by injecting MAT-LyLu subcutaneously and the animals treated with I3C that was administered either intraperitoneally or intravenously, in order to achieve maximal systemic exposure. This was a departure from the traditional chemopreventive route of indole-3-carbinol where the compound was incorporated in the diet. Our results indicate that I3C inhibited the incidence, growth and metastases of MAT-LyLu cells and both i.p. and i.v. injections of I3C were equally effective. Statistical analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves) clearly indicates a tumor-free and overall survival benefit as a result of treatment with I3C. These studies show for the first time that I3C in an injectible form has anti-prostate cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P S Garikapaty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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