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Yang ZC, Lin H, Jiang GH, Chu YH, Gao JH, Tong ZJ, Wang ZH. Reply to the Letter to the Editor «Frailty Is a Risk Factor for Falls in the Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis». J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1286. [PMID: 38151882 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z-C Yang
- Zhi-hao Wang, No.107, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China, Tel 0531-82166761,
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Yang ZC, Lin H, Jiang GH, Chu YH, Gao JH, Tong ZJ, Wang ZH. Frailty Is a Risk Factor for Falls in the Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:487-595. [PMID: 37357334 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little evidence in the literature about the relationship between frailty and falls in older adults. Our objective was to explore the relationship between frailty and falls, and to analyze the effect factors (e.g., gender, different frailty assessment tools, areas, level of national economic development, and year of publication) of the association between frailty and falls among older adults. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort studies that evaluated the association between frailty and falls in the older adults were included. We excluded any literature outside of cohort studies. METHODS We did a systematic literature search of English databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and SciElO, as well as the Chinese databases CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP from 2001 until October 2022. The eligible studies were evaluated for potential bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Study selection, data extraction and assessment of study quality were each conducted by two investigators. In Stata/MP 17.0 software, we calculated pooled estimates of the prevalence of falls by using a random-effects model, Subgroup analysis was conducted based on gender, different frailty assessment tools, areas, level of economic development, and year of publication. The results are presented using a forest plot. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included in this meta-analysis and a total of 1,093,270 participants aged 65 years and above were enrolled. Among the older adults, frailty was significantly associated with a higher risk for falls, compared with those without frailty (combined RR-relative risk = 1.48, 95% CI-confidence interval: 1.27-1.73, I2=98.9%). In addition, the results of subgroup analysis indicated that men had a higher risk for falls than women among the older adults with frailty (RR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.18-3.2 versus RR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24-1.67). Subgroup analysis by different frailty assessment tools revealed an increased risk of falls in older adults with frailty when assessed using the Frailty Phenotype (combined RR 1.32, 95%CI: 1.17-1.48), FRAIL score (combined RR 1.82, 95%CI: 1.36-2.43), and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index (combined RR 1.54, 95%CI: 1.10-2.16). Furthermore, subgroup analysis by areas and level of national economic development found the highest fall risk in Oceania (combined RR 2.35, 95%CI: 2.28-2.43) and the lowest in Europe (combined RR 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.38). Developed countries exhibited a lower fall risk compared to developing countries (combined RR 1.44, 95%CI: 1.21-1.71). Analysis by year of publication showed the highest fall risk between 2013-2019 (combined RR 1.79, 95%CI: 1.45-2.20) and the lowest between 2001-2013 (combined RR 1.21, 95%CI: 1.13-1.29). CONCLUSION Frailty represents a significant risk factor for falls in older adults, with the degree of risk varying according to the different frailty assessment tools employed, and notably highest when using the FRAIL scale. Additionally, factors such as gender, areas, level of national economic development, and healthcare managers' understanding of frailty may all impact the correlation between frailty and falls. Thus, it's imperative to select suitable frailty diagnostic tools tailored to the specific characteristics of the population in question. This, in turn, facilitates the accurate identification of frailty in older adults and informs the development of appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-C Yang
- Zhi-hao Wang, No.107, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China, Tel 0531-82166761,
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Zhang RJ, Li JZ, Pang HS, Luo ZH, Zhang T, Mo XJ, Yang SJ, Cai YC, Lu Y, Chu YH, Song P, Chen MX, Ai L, Chen JX. Advances in the study of molecular identification technology of Echinococcus species. Trop Biomed 2022; 39:434-443. [PMID: 36214441 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.3.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The larvae of Echinococcus (hydatidcyst) can parasitize humans and animals, causing a serious zoonotic disease-echinococcosis. The life history of Echinococcus is complicated, and as the disease progresses slowly after infection, early diagnosis is difficult to establish. Due to the limitations of imaging and immunological diagnosis in this respect, domestic and foreign scholars have established a variety of molecular detection techniques for the pathogen Echinococcus over recent years, mainly including nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and nucleic acid isothermal amplification technology. In this article, the research progress of molecular detection technology for Echinococcus infection currently was reviewed and the significance of these methods in the detection and diagnosis of hydatid and hydatid diseases was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Z Li
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - H S Pang
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - Z H Luo
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - T Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - X J Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - S J Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - M X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Hainan), Haikou, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research-Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention-Shenzhen Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention Joint Laboratory for Imported Tropical Disease Control, Shanghai, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research);NHC Key Laboratory for Parasitology and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention; NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control, Lasa, China
- Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Hainan), Haikou, China
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Lu Y, Chen JX, Song P, Li H, Ai L, Cai YC, Chu YH, Chen SH. [Construction of a cDNA library for Sparganum mansoni and screening of diagnostic antigen cadidates]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:380-386. [PMID: 34505445 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a cDNA library of Sparganum mansoni and immunoscreen antigen candidates for immunodiagnosis of sparganosis mansoni. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from S. mansoni, and reversely transcribed into cDNA, which was ligated into the phage vector. These recombinant vectors were packaged in vitro to construct the SMART cDNA library of S. mansoni. Then, the cDNA library was immunoscreened with sera from patients with sparganosis mansoni to yield positive clones. The inserted fragments of positive clones were sequenced and subjected to homology analyses, and the structure and functions of the coding proteins were predicted. RESULTS The SMATR cDNA library of S. mansoni was successfully constructed. The titer of the cDNA library was 6.25 × 106 pfu/mL, with a recombinant efficiency of 100%, and the mean length of the inserted fragments in the library was larger than 1 100 bp. A total of 12 positive clones were obtained by immunoscreening, and were categorized into Sm-I (Sm60-1), Sm-II (Sm58-1), Sm-III (Sm20-1) and Sm-IV (Sm22-3), with 1 134, 1 063, 883 bp and 969 bp long inserted fragments. Their coding proteins were highly homologous with the Spirometra erinaceieuropaei antigenic polypeptide, cytoplasmic antigen, ribosomal protein S4-like protein and unnamed protein product, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A SMART cDNA library of S. mansoni has been successfully constructed and 4 categories of positive clones have been identified, which provides a basis for further studies on diagnostic antigens for sparganosis mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Song
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y C Cai
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - S H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Hu ZH, Chen HH, Qian K, Ning CQ, Peng GH, Yu YF, Zhou XF, Chu YH, Xu D, Chen JX, Tian LG, Li H. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among AIDS patients in Nanchang City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:577-583. [PMID: 33325191 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients in Nanchang City during the period between May and September, 2016. B. hominis infection was detected in patients'stool samples using a PCR assay, and the CD4+ T cell count was measured in subjects'blood samples. In addition, the risk factors of B. hominis infection in AIDS patients were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A survey was conducted in Nanchang City from May to September 2016. A total of 505 AIDS patients were investigated, and the prevalence of B. hominis infection was 4.16%. Univariate analysis revealed that B. hominis infection correlated with the occupation (χ2 = 8.595, P = 0.049), education level (χ2 = 14.494, P = 0.001), type of daily drinking water (χ2 = 10.750, P = 0.020), root of HIV infections (χ2 = 8.755, P = 0.026) and receiving anti-HIV therapy (χ2 = 23.083, P = 0.001) among AIDS patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified daily direct drinking of tap water as a risk factor of B. hominis infections [odds ratio (OR) = 7.988, 95% confidential interval (CI): (1.160, 55.004)] and anti-HIV therapy as a protective factor of B. hominis infection [OR = 0.183, 95% CI: (0.049, 0.685)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of B. hominis is 4.16% among AIDS patients in Nanchang City. Daily direct drinking of tap water is a risk factor, and anti-HIV therapy is a protective factor of B. hominis infection among AIDS patients living in Nanchang City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Hu
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - H H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China.,▵Co-first author
| | - K Qian
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - C Q Ning
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - G H Peng
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - X F Zhou
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - D Xu
- Research Base of the National Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin and Vector-borne Infectious Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330038, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, China
| | - H Li
- Nanchang Municipal Health Commission, Jiangxi Province, China
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Ning CQ, Kang JM, Li YT, Chen HH, Chu YH, Yu YF, Wu XP, Ai L, Chen JX, Tian LG, Liao QD. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:489-497. [PMID: 33185060 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among students sampled from a primary school in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City on April, 2018, and their stool samples were collected for microscopic examinations, in vitro culture and PCR assays to analyze the prevalence of Blastocystis infections and subtype of the parasite. In addition, the risk factors of Blastocystis infections among primary school students were identified using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 466 primary students were surveyed, and the subjects had a mean age of (9.81±1.66) years and included 236 males (50.64%) and 230 females (49.36%). The prevalence of Blastocystis infections was 15.24% (71/466) among the study students, and there was no significance difference in the prevalence between male and fe- male students (16.52% vs. 13.91%; χ2 = 0.616, P = 0.433). In addition, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Blastocystis infections among grade 1 (6.35%, 4/63), grade 2 (5.17%, 3/58), grade 3 (21.74%, 15/69), grade 4 (25.30%, 21/83), grade 5 (10.19%, 11/108) and grade 6 students (20.00%, 17/85) (χ2 = 15.410, P = 0.009). There were four Blastocystis subtypes characterized (ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST7), in which ST6 was the most common subtype (45.07%, 32/71), followed by ST3 (25.35%, 18/71). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that minority ethnicity [odds ratio (OR) = 4.259, 95% confidential inter- val (CI) : (1.161, 15.621)] and low maternal education level (primary school and below) [OR = 9.038, 95% CI: (1.125, 72.642)] were identified as risk factors of Blastocystis infection among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of Blastocystis infections detected among primary school students in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, and ST6 and ST3 are predominant subtypes. Minority ethnicity and low maternal education level (primary school and below) are risk factors for Blastocystis infections in primary school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Q Ning
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J M Kang
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
| | - Y T Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - H H Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X P Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Ai
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Q D Liao
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing City, China
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Kang JM, Li YT, Chen R, Yu YF, Li XT, Wu XP, Chu YH, Chen JX, Zhang SX, Tian LG. [Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:479-485. [PMID: 31713375 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2018244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection in inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community hospital in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, and the inpatients were surveyed by questionnaires. After obtaining the informed consent from the inpatients or legal guardians, the stool and blood samples were collected and examined by microscopy and PCR from April 17 to May 1, 2018. The univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of the B. hominis infection. RESULTS A total of 198 hospitalized patients were investigated, and the infection rate of B. hominis was 10.61% (21/198), and the infection rate of the females (12.10%) was higher than that of the males (8.11%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The highest rate of infection was 19.23% in the age group of 10 to 20 years, followed by 17.74% in the age group of 60 years and above, and the lowest rate was 2.38% in the age group of 20 to 40 years. The difference in infection rates of B. hominis among the different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The infection rate of B. hominis in the people who used dry pail latrines was 33.30%, which was higher than that of the people who used water flush toilets (9.10%) (P < 0.05). The genotypes of B. hominis were ST1, ST3, ST6 and ST7, and ST6 and ST3 being the most predominant genotypes which accounted for 47.62% (10/21) and 38.10% (8/21) respectively, and among the infected males, the genotypes were only ST3 and ST6. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the factors affecting B. hominis infection, only keeping pets was a risk factor [OR = 3.798, 95% CI (1.245, 11.581), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of B. hominis infection is found in the inpatients in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City, the predominant genotypes are ST6 and ST3, and keeping pets may be one of the main risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kang
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Y T Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - R Chen
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - X T Li
- Jiangjin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 402260, China
| | - X P Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - S X Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Parasites and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China
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8
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Zhang SX, Yu YF, Wu XP, Chu YH, Teng XJ, Wang FF, Chen JX, Tian LG. [Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infection among patients with HIV/AIDS in Fuyang City Anhui Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2019; 31:498-503. [PMID: 31713378 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis hominis infections among patients with HIV/AIDS in Fuyang City, Anhui Province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Fuyang City, Anhui Province in 2016. The demographic and socioeconomic status, and the lifestyle and production style were collected using a questionnaire survey. B. hominis DNA was detected in subjects'stool samples using a PCR assay, and the CD4+ T lymphocyte count and HIV viral load were measured in the subjects' blood samples. The risk factors of B. hominis infections among patients with HIV/AIDS were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 398 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 49.3 years, a mean body weight of 55.9 kg and a mean height of 164.4 cm. The prevalence of B. hominis infection was 6.78% in the study subjects, and no gender- (χ2 = 1.589, P = 0.207), education level- (χ2 =0.508, P = 0.776), marital status- (χ2 = 0.419, P = 0.811) or occupation-specific prevalence (χ2 = 2.744, P = 0.615) was detected. Among the patients with HIV/AIDS, there were no significant differences in the age (t = 0.370, P = 0.712), height (t = 1.587, P =0.113), body weight (t = 0.516, P = 0.606), CD4+ T lymphocyte count (t = 1.187, P = 0.230) or HIV viral load (t = 0.193, P =0.496) between B. hominis-infected and uninfected individuals. Dinking non-tap water [OR = 6.554, 95% CI: (1.876 to 22.903)] and keeping dogs [OR = 5.895, 95% CI: (2.017 to 17.225)] were identified as risk factors for B. hominis infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of B. hominis infection is high in HIV/AIDS patients, and drinking non-tap water and keeping dogs are risk factors for B. hominis infection among HIV/AIDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y F Yu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X P Wu
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China
| | - Y H Chu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X J Teng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - F F Wang
- Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China
| | - J X Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L G Tian
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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9
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Cheng LH, Lee JC, Wu PC, Lin YY, Chu YH, Wang HW. Azelastine nasal spray inhibiting sympathetic function on human nasal mucosa in patients with allergy rhinitis. Rhinology 2019; 57:268-272. [PMID: 30887967 DOI: 10.4193/rhin18.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azelastine hydrochloride (azelastine) nasal spray is a histamine receptor-1 (H1) antagonist often used in treating allergic rhinitis to relieve its symptoms. However, the effects of azelastine to influence decongestion on human nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis are not yet fully explored and merit further exploration. The effects of azelastine on the vasocontractile responses generated by smooth muscles in the vascular structures of human nasal mucosa were investigated directly in vitro. METHODS We examined the effectiveness of azelastine on isolated human nasal mucosa by testing: 1) the effect on mucosa resting tension; 2) the effect on mucosal contraction caused by 10-6 M methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic; 3) the effect of the drugs on electrically induced mucosal contractions. RESULTS The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of azelastine at doses of 10â€"6 M or above elicited a significant dilation response to 10â€"6 M methoxamine-induced mucosal contraction. Azelastine could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike mucosal contraction. Moreover, increase in concentration of azelastine had minimal effect on basal tension of nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The technique in our study is simple and reproducible. Azelastine could inhibit both EFS and methoxamine-induced nasal mucosal contractions in vitro. This study highlights that although azelastine nasal spray is often used in treating allergic rhinitis to improve symptoms, nasal obstruction may be not relieved immediately due to the anti-sympathetic effect of azelastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-H Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - J-C Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - P-C Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Y-Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Y-H Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - H-W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital
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10
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Wu SS, Wang QY, Yang P, Zhang HY, Chu YH, Li HJ, Hua WY, Tang YQ, Li C. [Analysis on the incidence of influenza-like syndromes and related health behavior factors among Beijing residents]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:145-150. [PMID: 29429268 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253.9624.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The objective was to identify the incidence of influenza-like syndromes and related health behavior factors among Beijing residents. Methods: From December 6, 2013 to January 16, 2014, we selected 150 villages or communities from 30 towns or streets as survey locations using a multi-stage random sampling method, and then conducted a cross-sectional study among 7 354 residents who aged 18 years or above and had live in Beijing for more than a half year using self-administered anonymous questionnaires, and totally 7 327 valid questionnaires are collected. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, self-reported influenza-like syndromes in the past two weeks, and health behaviors. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with self-reported influenza-like syndromes. Results: The mean (SD) age of the partcipants was 44.6 (15.2) years. Among them, 6.9% (506 cases) reported having influenza like illness during the past two weeks. The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that regular physical exercise, optimal hand hygiene, and avoidance of going to the crowded places during respiratory infectious disease epidemics were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of reporting influenza-like syndromes, compared with those without regular physical exercises, without optimal hand hygiene, and not avoiding going to the crowded places, and the OR(95%CI) were 0.80 (0.66-0.97), 0.75 (0.57-0.99) and 0.80 (0.65-0.98), respectively. Conclusion: Personal health behaviors were associated with the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza in Beijing, and future interventions to improve personal hygiene behaviors are needed to prevent the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Wu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control (Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine), Beijing 100013, China
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11
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Cheng LH, Wu PC, Lin YY, Chu YH, Wang HW. Effects of sumatriptan nasal spray (Imigran) on human nasal mucosa. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1031-1035. [PMID: 29495103 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sumatriptan (Imigran) is a potent and highly selective 5-HT1 receptor agonist often used in treating acute migraine. Intranasal sumatriptan is well absorbed and is generally effective in relieving headache. However, the effects of Imigran on human nasal mucosa have rarely been well explored, to verify the effect of Imigran, which act on human nasal mucosa directly in vitro. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We examined the effectiveness of Imigran on human nasal mucosa by testing: (i) effect on human nasal mucosa resting tension; (ii) effect on contraction caused by 10-6 mol/L methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic; and (iii) effect of the drugs on electrically induced on human nasal mucosa contractions. RESULTS The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of Imigran at doses of 10-4 mol/L elicited a significant relaxation response to 10-6 mol/L methoxamine-induced contraction. Imigran could not inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It also had a minimal effect on the basal tension of nasal mucosa as the concentration increased. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that high concentrations of Imigran had a significant spasmolytic effect by antagonising α-adreoceptors and nasal obstruction could not be released in the patient combined with acute migraine and stuffy nose by concomitant α-adrenergic agonist nasal spray plus Imigran nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-H Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Huang BC, Yu P, Chu YH, Chang CS, Ramesh R, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Ebert P, Chiu YP. Atomically Resolved Electronic States and Correlated Magnetic Order at Termination Engineered Complex Oxide Heterointerfaces. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1089-1095. [PMID: 29384356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We map electronic states, band gaps, and interface-bound charges at termination-engineered BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 interfaces using atomically resolved cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. We identify a delicate interplay of different correlated physical effects and relate these to the ferroelectric and magnetic interface properties tuned by engineering the atomic layer stacking sequence at the interfaces. This study highlights the importance of a direct atomically resolved access to electronic interface states for understanding the intriguing interface properties in complex oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chao Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100084, China
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y H Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | | | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Philipp Ebert
- Peter Grünberg Institut, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ya-Ping Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica , Taipei 105, Taiwan
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13
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Wu SS, Yang P, Wang QY, Zhang HY, Chu YH, Li HJ, Hua WY, Tang YQ, Li C. [Human exposure to live poultry among residents during the second wave of avian influenza A (H7N9) epidemic in Beijing, 2013-2014]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:1484-1488. [PMID: 29141334 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate human exposure to live poultry (poultry feeding and purchasing) in the residents in Beijing and related factors during the second wave of avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemic during 2013-2014, and provide scientific evidence for avian influenza prevention and control. Methods: A total of 7 366 adults aged ≥18 years were selected through multi-stage stratified sampling in Beijing for a questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence factors of human exposure to live poultry. Results: The live poultry feeding rate and live poultry purchasing rate in residents in Beijing in the past year were 5.3% (95%CI: 4.8%-5.8%) and 6.0% (95%CI: 5.5%-6.5%) respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that lower educational level of primary school and below, (OR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.22-2.72); being farmer (OR=2.49, 95%CI:1.89-3.29) or being unemployed (OR=1.65, 95%CI: 1.08-2.52); being non local resident (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.10-2.16); living in suburban area (OR=2.36, 95%CI: 1.77-3.16); having one child (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.42-2.17) or ≥2 children (OR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.43-3.22) in the family were the risk factors associated with feeding poultry compared with higher educational level of college and above, being employed, being local resident, living in urban area and having no child. And being farmer (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 1.27-2.02); being non local resident (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.31-2.35); living in suburban area (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.61-2.61); having one child (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.52) or ≥2 children (OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.21-2.63) were the risk factors for purchasing live poultry. Conclusion: Some residents living in Beijing still have exposure to live poultry, and targeted measures should be taken to reduce the exposure to poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Wu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - P Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Y H Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, Xicheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100120, China
| | - H J Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tongzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 101100, China
| | - W Y Hua
- Department of Epidemiology, Haidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Y Q Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102200, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Huairou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 110227, China
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14
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Lee PW, Singh VN, Guo GY, Liu HJ, Lin JC, Chu YH, Chen CH, Chu MW. Hidden lattice instabilities as origin of the conductive interface between insulating LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12773. [PMID: 27624682 PMCID: PMC5027288 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The metallic interface between insulating LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 opens up the field of oxide electronics. With more than a decade of researches on this heterostructure, the origin of the interfacial conductivity, however, remains unsettled. Here we resolve this long-standing puzzle by atomic-scale observation of electron-gas formation for screening hidden lattice instabilities, rejuvenated near the interface by epitaxial strain. Using atomic-resolution imaging and electron spectroscopy, the generally accepted notions of polar catastrophe and cation intermixing for the metallic interface are discounted. Instead, the conductivity onset at the critical thickness of 4-unit cell LaAlO3 on SrTiO3 substrate is accompanied with head-to-head ferroelectric-like polarizations across the interface due to strain-rejuvenated ferroelectric-like instabilities in the materials. The divergent depolarization fields of the head-to-head polarizations cast the interface into an electron reservoir, forming screening electron gas in SrTiO3 with LaAlO3 hosting complementary localized holes. The ferroelectric-like polarizations and electron–hole juxtaposition reveal the cooperative nature of metallic LaAlO3/SrTiO3. The origin of interfacial conductivity between two insulating oxides, LaAlO3 and SrTiO3, remains elusive despite a long time research. Here, Lee et al. report atomic-scale observation of electron-gas formation for screening hidden ferroelectric-like lattice instabilities, discounting the role of polar catastrophe and cation intermixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Lee
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - V N Singh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - G Y Guo
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - H-J Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - J-C Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - C H Chen
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - M-W Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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15
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Zhang Y, Wu SS, Yang P, Li C, Chu YH, Hua WY, Zhang HY, Tang YQ, Li HJ, Wang QY. Association between socio-economic status indicators and adoption of preventive measures for influenza among Beijing residents: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2016; 140:282-285. [PMID: 27341778 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - S S Wu
- Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - P Yang
- Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - C Li
- Huairou District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Y H Chu
- Xicheng District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - W Y Hua
- Haidian District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Dongcheng District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Y Q Tang
- Changping District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - H J Li
- Tongzhou District Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Beijing Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
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16
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Huang CY, Zhou J, Tra VT, White R, Trappen R, N'Diaye AT, Spencer M, Frye C, Cabrera GB, Nguyen V, LeBeau JM, Chu YH, Holcomb MB. Imaging magnetic and ferroelectric domains and interfacial spins in magnetoelectric La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 heterostructures. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:504003. [PMID: 26613406 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/50/504003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strong magnetoelectric coupling can occur at the interface between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric films. Similar to work on interfacial exchange bias, photoemission electron microscopy was utilized to image both magnetic and ferroelectric domains and the resulting interfacial Ti spin in the same locations of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 heterostructures. Multiple image analysis techniques, which could be applicable for a variety of fields needing quantitative data on image switching, confirm both improved magnetic switching and an increased population of interfacial spins with increased thickness of the ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 layer. The perpendicular orientation of the interfacial spins is also discussed. This work suggests a magnetoelectric dead layer, with reduced interfacial magnetoelectricity when thin magnetic films are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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17
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Huang SW, Wray LA, Jeng HT, Tra VT, Lee JM, Langner MC, Chen JM, Roy S, Chu YH, Schoenlein RW, Chuang YD, Lin JY. Selective interlayer ferromagnetic coupling between the Cu spins in YBa2Cu3O7-x grown on top of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16690. [PMID: 26573394 PMCID: PMC4648077 DOI: 10.1038/srep16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies to date on ferromagnet/d-wave superconductor heterostructures focus mainly on the effects at or near the interfaces while the response of bulk properties to heterostructuring is overlooked. Here we use resonant soft x-ray scattering spectroscopy to reveal a novel c-axis ferromagnetic coupling between the in-plane Cu spins in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconductor when it is grown on top of ferromagnetic La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) manganite layer. This coupling, present in both normal and superconducting states of YBCO, is sensitive to the interfacial termination such that it is only observed in bilayers with MnO2 but not with La0.7Ca0.3O interfacial termination. Such contrasting behaviors, we propose, are due to distinct energetic of CuO chain and CuO2 plane at the La0.7Ca0.3O and MnO2 terminated interfaces respectively, therefore influencing the transfer of spin-polarized electrons from manganite to cuprate differently. Our findings suggest that the superconducting/ferromagnetic bilayers with proper interfacial engineering can be good candidates for searching the theorized Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in cuprates and studying the competing quantum orders in highly correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Andrew Wray
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, New York University, New York, 10003, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - V T Tra
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - J M Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - M C Langner
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J M Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y H Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - R W Schoenlein
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J-Y Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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18
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Yang LY, Chu YH, Tweedie D, Yu QS, Pick CG, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Wang JY. Post-trauma administration of the pifithrin-α oxygen analog improves histological and functional outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2015; 269:56-66. [PMID: 25819102 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Programmed death of neuronal cells plays a crucial role in acute and chronic neurodegeneration following TBI. The tumor suppressor protein p53, a transcription factor, has been recognized as an important regulator of apoptotic neuronal death. The p53 inactivator pifithrin-α (PFT-α) has been shown to be neuroprotective against stroke. A previous cellular study indicated that PFT-α oxygen analog (PFT-α (O)) is more stable and active than PFT-α. We aimed to investigate whether inhibition of p53 using PFT-α or PFT-α (O) would be a potential neuroprotective strategy for TBI. To evaluate whether these drugs protect against excitotoxicity in vitro, primary rat cortical cultures were challenged with glutamate (50mM) in the presence or absence of various concentrations of the p53 inhibitors PFT-α or PFT-α (O). Cell viability was estimated by LDH assay. In vivo, adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI, with 4m/s velocity, 2mm deformation). Five hours after injury, PFT-α or PFT-α (O) (2mg/kg, i.v.) was administered to animals. Sensory and motor functions were evaluated by behavioral tests at 24h after TBI. The p53-positive neurons were identified by double staining with cell-specific markers. Levels of mRNA encoding for p53-regulated genes (BAX, PUMA, Bcl-2 and p21) were measured by reverse transcription followed by real time-PCR from TBI animals without or with PFT-α/PFT-α (O) treatment. We found that PFT-α(O) (10 μM) enhanced neuronal survival against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in vitro more effectively than PFT-α (10 μM). In vivo PFT-α (O) treatment enhanced functional recovery and decreased contusion volume at 24h post-injury. Neuroprotection by PFT-α (O) treatment also reduced p53-positive neurons in the cortical contusion region. In addition, p53-regulated PUMA mRNA levels at 8h were significantly reduced by PFT-α (O) administration after TBI. PFT-α (O) treatment also decreased phospho-p53 positive neurons in the cortical contusion region. Our data suggest that PFT-α (O) provided a significant reduction of cortical cell death and protected neurons from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in vitro, as well as improved neurological functional outcome and reduced brain injury in vivo via anti-apoptotic mechanisms. The inhibition of p53-induced apoptosis by PFT-α (O) provides a useful tool to evaluate reversible apoptotic mechanisms and may develop into a novel therapeutic strategy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-Y Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Chu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - D Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Q-S Yu
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - C G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - B J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - N H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - J-Y Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lai WS, Yang PL, Lee CH, Lin YY, Chu YH, Wang CH, Wang HW, Shih CP. The association of frontal recess anatomy and mucosal disease on the presence of chronic frontal sinusitis: a computed tomographic analysis. Rhinology 2014; 52:208-14. [PMID: 25271525 DOI: 10.4193/rhino13.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The frontal sinus has the most complex and variable drainage routes of all paranasal sinus regions. The goal of this study was to identify these anatomical factors and inflammation areas relating to chronic frontal sinusitis by comparing radiological presentations in patients with and without frontal sinusitis. METHODS All adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who had received computed tomography (CT) scans of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses between October 2010 and September 2011. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the distribution of various frontal recess cells and surrounding inflammatory conditions in patients with and without frontal sinusitis. RESULTS Analysis of 240 sides of CT scans was performed with 66 sides excluded. The opacification of the frontal recess and sinus lateralis demonstrated a strong association with an increased presence of frontal sinusitis by multiple logistic regression models. CONCLUSION Opacification of the frontal recess and sinus lateralis was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of frontal sinusitis and developing severe blockage of drainage pathways. It provides evidence that mucosal inflammation disease in these two areas is a very important factor leading to chronic frontal sinusitis.
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20
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Yang JC, Yeh CH, Chen YT, Liao SC, Huang R, Liu HJ, Hung CC, Chen SH, Wu SL, Lai CH, Chiu YP, Chiu PW, Chu YH. Conduction control at ferroic domain walls via external stimuli. Nanoscale 2014; 6:10524-10529. [PMID: 25092204 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intriguing functionalities at nano-sized domain walls have recently spawned a new paradigm for developing novel nanoelectronics due to versatile characteristics. In this study, we explore a new scenario to modulate the local conduction of ferroic domain walls. Three controlling parameters, i.e., external electrical field, magnetic field and light, are introduced to the 90° domain walls (90° DWs) of BiFeO₃. Electrical modulation is realized by electrical transport, where the mobility of 90° DWs can be altered by gating voltage. We further use the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling to reveal the inherent magnetism at the DWs. With an established magnetic nature, magnetotransport has been conducted to introduce magnetic controlling parameter, where a giant positive magnetoresistance change can be observed up to 200%. In addition, light modulated conduction, a core factor for multifunctional applications, is successfully demonstrated (current enhancement by a factor of 2 with 11 W white lamp). These results offer new insights to discover the tunability of domain wall nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Room 709, Engineering Building VI, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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21
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Chung WS, Lin CL, Hung CT, Chu YH, Sung FC, Kao CH, Yeh JJ. Tuberculosis increases the subsequent risk of acute coronary syndrome: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2014; 18:79-83. [PMID: 24365557 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) on the risk of subsequent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) development. METHODS The incidence and risk factors of ACS were investigated in 10 168 newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2010, and 40 672 controls without TB from the general population. The follow-up period ran from the diagnosis of new TB to the date of the ACS event, censoring or 31 December 2010. RESULTS During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of ACS was higher in TB patients than in non-TB patients (2.10 vs. 1.51 per 1000 person-years). The incidence of ACS increased by 40% in TB patients after adjusting for age, sex and co-morbidities. Male sex, age, hypertension and diabetes were independent factors for the risk of ACS development. The probability of ACS increased in the years following the TB diagnosis. CONCLUSION This nationwide population-based cohort study provides compelling evidence that TB patients are at higher risk of developing ACS, and that the risk increases with age. Clinicians should be aware of this and strive to reduce ACS risk factors in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-S Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-L Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-T Hung
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F-C Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-H Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-J Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; and Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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22
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histamine is an important chemical mediator in both nasal and bronchial inflammation in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. The effect of histamine receptor-1 antagonists on nasal mucosa in vivo is well known, however, the effect on tracheal smooth muscle has rarely been explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fexofenadine on isolated tracheal smooth muscle in vitro. METHODS Six tracheal strips were used for each experiment, and one untreated strip served as a control. We examined the effectiveness of fexofenadine on isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by testing the effect on: 1) tracheal smooth muscle resting tension; 2) contraction caused by 10E-6 M methacholine as a parasympathetic mimetic; and 3) electrically induced tracheal smooth muscle contractions. RESULTS The results indicated that addition of methacholine caused the trachea to contract in a dose-dependent manner. The addition of fexofenadine at a dose of 10E-4 M elicited a significant relaxation response compared to 10E-6 M methacholine-induced contraction. There were no detectable changes in the peak tension of electrical field stimulation-induced contractions in the fexofenadine group. CONCLUSION High concentrations of fexofenadine had an anti-cholinergic effect. In addition to diminishing histamine-mediated allergic symptoms, fexofenadine may have a potentially therapeutic implication in alleviating asthma-related symptoms due to reducing methacholine-induced contractions of tracheal smooth muscle though these aspects were not studied.
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23
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Huijben M, Yu P, Martin LW, Molegraaf HJA, Chu YH, Holcomb MB, Balke N, Rijnders G, Ramesh R. Ultrathin limit of exchange bias coupling at oxide multiferroic/ferromagnetic interfaces. Adv Mater 2013; 25:4739-4745. [PMID: 23847010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exchange bias coupling at the multiferroic- ferromagnetic interface in BiFeO₃ /La₀.₇ Sr₀.₃ MnO₃ heterostructures exhibits a critical thickness for ultrathin BiFeO₃ layers of 5 unit cells (2 nm). Linear dichroism measurements demonstrate the dependence on the BiFeO₃ layer thickness with a strong reduction for ultrathin layers, indicating diminished antiferromagnetic ordering that prevents interfacial exchange bias coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huijben
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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24
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Lubk A, Rossell MD, Seidel J, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Hÿtch MJ, Snoeck E. Electromechanical coupling among edge dislocations, domain walls, and nanodomains in BiFeO3 revealed by unit-cell-wise strain and polarization maps. Nano Lett 2013; 13:1410-1415. [PMID: 23418908 DOI: 10.1021/nl304229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The performance of ferroelectric devices, for example, the ferroelectric field effect transistor, is reduced by the presence of crystal defects such as edge dislocations. For example, it is well-known that edge dislocations play a crucial role in the formation of ferroelectric dead-layers at interfaces and hence finite size effects in ferroelectric thin films. The detailed lattice structure including the relevant electromechanical coupling mechanisms in close vicinity of the edge dislocations is, however, not well-understood, which hampers device optimization. Here, we investigate edge dislocations in ferroelectric BiFeO3 by means of spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, a dedicated model-based structure analysis, and phase field simulations. Unit-cell-wise resolved strain and polarization profiles around edge dislocation reveal a wealth of material states including polymorph nanodomains and multiple domain walls characteristically pinned to the dislocation. We locally determine the piezoelectric tensor and identify piezoelectric coupling as the driving force for the observed phenomena, explaining, for example, the orientation of the domain wall with respect to the edge dislocation. Furthermore, an atomic model for the dislocation core is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubk
- Triebenberg Laboratory, Institute of Structure Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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25
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Yang JC, He Q, Suresha SJ, Kuo CY, Peng CY, Haislmaier RC, Motyka MA, Sheng G, Adamo C, Lin HJ, Hu Z, Chang L, Tjeng LH, Arenholz E, Podraza NJ, Bernhagen M, Uecker R, Schlom DG, Gopalan V, Chen LQ, Chen CT, Ramesh R, Chu YH. Orthorhombic BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:247606. [PMID: 23368382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new orthorhombic phase of the multiferroic BiFeO3 has been created via strain engineering by growing it on a NdScO(3)(110)(o) substrate. The tensile-strained orthorhombic BiFeO3 phase is ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic at room temperature. A combination of nonlinear optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy revealed that the ferroelectric polarization in the orthorhombic phase is along the in-plane {110}(pc) directions. In addition, the corresponding rotation of the antiferromagnetic axis in this new phase was observed using x-ray linear dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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26
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Vasudevan RK, Morozovska AN, Eliseev EA, Britson J, Yang JC, Chu YH, Maksymovych P, Chen LQ, Nagarajan V, Kalinin SV. Domain wall geometry controls conduction in ferroelectrics. Nano Lett 2012; 12:5524-5531. [PMID: 22994244 DOI: 10.1021/nl302382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new paradigm of domain wall nanoelectronics has emerged recently, in which the domain wall in a ferroic is itself an active device element. The ability to spatially modulate the ferroic order parameter within a single domain wall allows the physical properties to be tailored at will and hence opens vastly unexplored device possibilities. Here, we demonstrate via ambient and ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements in bismuth ferrite that the conductivity of the domain walls can be modulated by up to 500% in the spatial dimension as a function of domain wall curvature. Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire calculations reveal the conduction is a result of carriers or vacancies migrating to neutralize the charge at the formed interface. Phase-field modeling indicates that anisotropic potential distributions can occur even for initially uncharged walls, from polarization dynamics mediated by elastic effects. These results are the first proof of concept for modulation of charge as a function of domain wall geometry by a proximal probe, thereby expanding potential applications for oxide ferroics in future nanoscale electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Vasudevan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
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27
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Abstract
The coupling and reconstruction of electronic degrees of freedom (such as charge, spin and orbital) at a heterointerface can lead to unexpected and exotic states of matter. In this study, using model systems consisting of multiferroic BiFeO(3) and ferromagnetic La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3), we review the current understanding of a novel interfacial magnetic state formed at the interface, and highlight some possible mechanisms responsible for this interesting phenomenon and identify open questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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28
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Abstract
In functional materials, nanoscale phase boundaries exhibit exotic phenomena that are notably absent in their parent phases. Over the past two decades, much of the research into complex oxides (such as cuprate superconductors, CMR manganites and relaxor ferroelectrics) has demonstrated the key role that nanoscale inhomogeneities play in controlling the electronic and/or ionic structure of these materials. One of the key characteristics in such systems is the strong susceptibility to external perturbations, such as magnetic, electric and mechanical fields. A direct consequence of the accommodation of a large number of cationic substitutions in complex oxides is the emergence of a number of physical phenomena from essentially the same crystal framework. Recently, multiferroic behavior, which is characterized by the co-existence and potential coupling of multiple ferroic order parameters, has captured considerable worldwide research interest. The perovskite, BiFeO(3), exhibits robust ferroelectricity coupled with antiferromagnetism at room temperature. A rather unique feature of this material system is its ability to "morph" its ground state when an external mechanical constraint is imposed on it. A particularly striking example is observed when a large (~4 to 5%) compressive strain is imposed on a thin film through the epitaxial constraint from the underlying substrate. Under these conditions, the ground state rhombohedral phase transforms into a tetragonal-like (or a derivative thereof) phase with a rather large unit cell (c/a ratio of ~1.26). When the epitaxial constraint is partially relaxed by increasing the film thickness, this tetragonal-like phase evolves into a "mixed-phase" state, consisting of a nanoscale admixture of the rhombohedral-like phase embedded in the tetragonal-like phase. Such a system gives us a new pathway to explore a variety of mechanical, magnetic and transport phenomena in constrained dimensions. This article reviews our progress to date in this direction and also captures some possible areas of future research. We use the electromechanical response and the magnetic properties as examples to illustrate that its novel functionalities are intrinsically due to the phase boundaries and not the constituent phases. The possible origin of the giant piezoelectric response and enhanced magnetic moment across the boundaries is proposed based on the flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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29
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Lubk A, Rossell MD, Seidel J, He Q, Yang SY, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Hÿtch MJ, Snoeck E. Evidence of sharp and diffuse domain walls in BiFeO3 by means of unit-cell-wise strain and polarization maps obtained with high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:047601. [PMID: 23006107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls (DWs) substantially influence a large number of applications involving ferroelectric materials due to their limited mobility when shifted during polarization switching. The discovery of greatly enhanced conduction at BiFeO(3) DWs has highlighted yet another role of DWs as a local material state with unique properties. However, the lack of precise information on the local atomic structure is still hampering microscopical understanding of DW properties. Here, we examine the atomic structure of BiFeO(3) 109° DWs with pm precision by a combination of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and a dedicated structural analysis. By measuring simultaneously local polarization and strain, we provide direct experimental proof for the straight DW structure predicted by ab initio calculations as well as the recently proposed theory of diffuse DWs, thus resolving a long-standing discrepancy between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted DW mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubk
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France.
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30
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Yu P, Luo W, Yi D, Zhang JX, Rossell MD, Yang CH, You L, Singh-Bhalla G, Yang SY, He Q, Ramasse QM, Erni R, Martin LW, Chu YH, Pantelides ST, Pennycook SJ, Ramesh R. Interface control of bulk ferroelectric polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9710-5. [PMID: 22647612 PMCID: PMC3382509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117990109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of material interfaces at the atomic level has led to novel interfacial properties and functionalities. In particular, the study of polar discontinuities at interfaces between complex oxides lies at the frontier of modern condensed matter research. Here we employ a combination of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations to demonstrate the control of a bulk property, namely ferroelectric polarization, of a heteroepitaxial bilayer by precise atomic-scale interface engineering. More specifically, the control is achieved by exploiting the interfacial valence mismatch to influence the electrostatic potential step across the interface, which manifests itself as the biased-voltage in ferroelectric hysteresis loops and determines the ferroelectric state. A broad study of diverse systems comprising different ferroelectrics and conducting perovskite underlayers extends the generality of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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31
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Liu YY, Vasudevan RK, Pan K, Xie SH, Liang WI, Kumar A, Jesse S, Chen YC, Chu YH, Nagarajan V, Kalinin SV, Li JY. Controlling magnetoelectric coupling by nanoscale phase transformation in strain engineered bismuth ferrite. Nanoscale 2012; 4:3175-3183. [PMID: 22517294 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic materials is promising for a wide range of applications, yet manipulating magnetic ordering by electric field proves elusive to obtain and difficult to control. In this paper, we explore the prospect of controlling magnetic ordering in misfit strained bismuth ferrite (BiFeO(3), BFO) films, combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental characterizations. Electric field induced transformation from a tetragonal phase to a distorted rhombohedral one in strain engineered BFO films has been identified by thermodynamic analysis, and realized by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) experiment. By breaking the rotational symmetry of a tip-induced electric field as suggested by phase field simulation, the morphology of distorted rhombohedral variants has been delicately controlled and regulated. Such capabilities enable nanoscale control of magnetoelectric coupling in strain engineered BFO films that is difficult to achieve otherwise, as demonstrated by phase field simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Liu
- Faculty of Materials, Optoelectronics and Physics, and Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials & Application Technology of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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32
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Tasi DS, Kang CF, Wang HH, Lin CA, Ke JJ, Chu YH, He JH. n-ZnO/LaAlO3/p-Si heterojunction for visible-blind UV detection. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1112-1114. [PMID: 22446242 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A visible-blind UV photodetector (PD) using a double heterojunction of n-ZnO/LaAlO3 (LAO)/p-Si was demonstrated. Inserted LAO layers exhibit electrical insulating properties and serve as blocking layers for photoexcited electrons from p-Si to n-ZnO, leading to an enhanced rectification ratio and a visible-blind UV detectivity of the n-ZnO/LAO/p-Si PDs due to the high potential barrier between LAO and p-Si layers (~2.0 eV). These results support the use of n-ZnO/LAO/p-Si PDs in the visible-blind UV PDs in a visible-light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Tasi
- Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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He Q, Yeh CH, Yang JC, Singh-Bhalla G, Liang CW, Chiu PW, Catalan G, Martin LW, Chu YH, Scott JF, Ramesh R. Magnetotransport at domain walls in BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:067203. [PMID: 22401116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.067203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls in multiferroics can exhibit intriguing behaviors that are significantly different from the bulk of the material. We investigate strong magnetoresistance in domain walls of the model multiferroic BiFeO3 by probing ordered arrays of 109° domain walls with temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent transport. We observe temperature-dependent variations in the transport mechanism and magnetoresistances as large as 60%. These results suggest that by locally breaking the symmetry of a material, such as at domain walls and structural interfaces, one can induce emergent behavior with properties that deviate significantly from the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q He
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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34
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Heron JT, Trassin M, Ashraf K, Gajek M, He Q, Yang SY, Nikonov DE, Chu YH, Salahuddin S, Ramesh R. Electric-field-induced magnetization reversal in a ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructure. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:217202. [PMID: 22181917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.217202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A reversal of magnetization requiring only the application of an electric field can lead to low-power spintronic devices by eliminating conventional magnetic switching methods. Here we show a nonvolatile, room temperature magnetization reversal determined by an electric field in a ferromagnet-multiferroic system. The effect is reversible and mediated by an interfacial magnetic coupling dictated by the multiferroic. Such electric-field control of a magnetoelectric device demonstrates an avenue for next-generation, low-energy consumption spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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35
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Zhang JX, He Q, Trassin M, Luo W, Yi D, Rossell MD, Yu P, You L, Wang CH, Kuo CY, Heron JT, Hu Z, Zeches RJ, Lin HJ, Tanaka A, Chen CT, Tjeng LH, Chu YH, Ramesh R. Microscopic origin of the giant ferroelectric polarization in tetragonal-like BiFeO(3). Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:147602. [PMID: 22107234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.147602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report direct experimental evidence for a room-temperature, ∼130 μC/cm(2) ferroelectric polarization from the tetragonal-like BiFeO(3) phase. The physical origin of this remarkable enhancement of ferroelectric polarization has been investigated by a combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first principles calculations. A large strain-induced Fe-ion displacement relative to the oxygen octahedra, combined with the contribution of Bi 6s lone pair electrons, is the mechanism driving the large ferroelectric polarization in this tetragonal-like phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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36
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Zhou SY, Zhu Y, Langner MC, Chuang YD, Yu P, Yang WL, Cruz Gonzalez AG, Tahir N, Rini M, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Lee DH, Tomioka Y, Tokura Y, Hussain Z, Schoenlein RW. Ferromagnetic enhancement of CE-type spin ordering in (Pr,Ca)MnO3. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:186404. [PMID: 21635110 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.186404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present resonant soft x-ray scattering results from small bandwidth manganites (Pr,Ca)MnO(3), which show that the CE-type spin ordering (SO) at the phase boundary is stabilized only below the canted antiferromagnetic transition temperature and enhanced by ferromagnetism in the macroscopically insulating state (FM-I). Our results reveal the fragility of the CE-type ordering that underpins the colossal magnetoresistance effect in this system, as well as an unexpected cooperative interplay between FM-I and CE-type SO which is in contrast to the competitive interplay between the ferromagnetic metallic state and CE-type ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Zhou
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California 94720, USA.
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37
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Zhang JX, Xiang B, He Q, Seidel J, Zeches RJ, Yu P, Yang SY, Wang CH, Chu YH, Martin LW, Minor AM, Ramesh R. Large field-induced strains in a lead-free piezoelectric material. Nat Nanotechnol 2011; 6:98-102. [PMID: 21240285 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2010.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials exhibit a mechanical response to electrical inputs, as well as an electrical response to mechanical inputs, which makes them useful in sensors and actuators. Lead-based piezoelectrics demonstrate a large mechanical response, but they also pose a health risk. The ferroelectric BiFeO(3) is an attractive alternative because it is lead-free, and because strain can stabilize BiFeO(3) phases with a structure that resembles a morphotropic phase boundary. Here we report a reversible electric-field-induced strain of over 5% in BiFeO(3) films, together with a characterization of the origins of this effect. In situ transmission electron microscopy coupled with nanoscale electrical and mechanical probing shows that large strains result from moving the boundaries between tetragonal- and rhombohedral-like phases, which changes the phase stability of the mixture. These results demonstrate the potential of BiFeO(3) as a substitute for lead-based materials in future piezoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Seidel J, Maksymovych P, Batra Y, Katan A, Yang SY, He Q, Baddorf AP, Kalinin SV, Yang CH, Yang JC, Chu YH, Salje EKH, Wormeester H, Salmeron M, Ramesh R. Domain wall conductivity in La-doped BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:197603. [PMID: 21231197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.197603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transport physics of domain wall conductivity in La-doped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) has been probed using variable temperature conducting atomic force microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy in samples with arrays of domain walls in the as-grown state. Nanoscale current measurements are investigated as a function of bias and temperature and are shown to be consistent with distinct electronic properties at the domain walls leading to changes in the observed local conductivity. Our observation is well described within a band picture of the observed electronic conduction. Finally, we demonstrate an additional degree of control of the wall conductivity through chemical doping with oxygen vacancies, thus influencing the local conductive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seidel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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39
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Borisevich AY, Chang HJ, Huijben M, Oxley MP, Okamoto S, Niranjan MK, Burton JD, Tsymbal EY, Chu YH, Yu P, Ramesh R, Kalinin SV, Pennycook SJ. Suppression of octahedral tilts and associated changes in electronic properties at epitaxial oxide heterostructure interfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:087204. [PMID: 20868130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.087204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial oxide interfaces with broken translational symmetry have emerged as a central paradigm behind the novel behaviors of oxide superlattices. Here, we use scanning transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate a direct, quantitative unit-cell-by-unit-cell mapping of lattice parameters and oxygen octahedral rotations across the BiFeO3-La0.7 Sr0.3 MnO3 interface to elucidate how the change of crystal symmetry is accommodated. Combined with low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy imaging, we demonstrate a mesoscopic antiferrodistortive phase transition near the interface in BiFeO3 and elucidate associated changes in electronic properties in a thin layer directly adjacent to the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Borisevich
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
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40
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Yu P, Lee JS, Okamoto S, Rossell MD, Huijben M, Yang CH, He Q, Zhang JX, Yang SY, Lee MJ, Ramasse QM, Erni R, Chu YH, Arena DA, Kao CC, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Interface ferromagnetism and orbital reconstruction in BiFeO3-La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3 heterostructures. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:027201. [PMID: 20867733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.027201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of a novel ferromagnetic state in the antiferromagnet BiFeO3 at the interface with ferromagnet La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO3. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at Mn and Fe L(2,3) edges, we discovered that the development of this ferromagnetic spin structure is strongly associated with the onset of a significant exchange bias. Our results demonstrate that the magnetic state is directly related to an electronic orbital reconstruction at the interface, which is supported by the linearly polarized x-ray absorption measurement at the oxygen K edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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41
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Baek SH, Jang HW, Folkman CM, Li YL, Winchester B, Zhang JX, He Q, Chu YH, Nelson CT, Rzchowski MS, Pan XQ, Ramesh R, Chen LQ, Eom CB. Ferroelastic switching for nanoscale non-volatile magnetoelectric devices. Nat Mater 2010; 9:309-314. [PMID: 20190772 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics, where (anti-) ferromagnetic, ferroelectric and ferroelastic order parameters coexist, enable manipulation of magnetic ordering by an electric field through switching of the electric polarization. It has been shown that realization of magnetoelectric coupling in a single-phase multiferroic such as BiFeO(3) requires ferroelastic (71 degrees, 109 degrees) rather than ferroelectric (180 degrees) domain switching. However, the control of such ferroelastic switching in a single-phase system has been a significant challenge as elastic interactions tend to destabilize small switched volumes, resulting in subsequent ferroelastic back-switching at zero electric field, and thus the disappearance of non-volatile information storage. Guided by our phase-field simulations, here we report an approach to stabilize ferroelastic switching by eliminating the stress-induced instability responsible for back-switching using isolated monodomain BiFeO(3) islands. This work demonstrates a critical step to control and use non-volatile magnetoelectric coupling at the nanoscale. Beyond magnetoelectric coupling, it provides a framework for exploring a route to control multiple order parameters coupled to ferroelastic order in other low-symmetry materials.
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42
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Yang SY, Seidel J, Byrnes SJ, Shafer P, Yang CH, Rossell MD, Yu P, Chu YH, Scott JF, Ager JW, Martin LW, Ramesh R. Above-bandgap voltages from ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. Nat Nanotechnol 2010; 5:143-7. [PMID: 20062051 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In conventional solid-state photovoltaics, electron-hole pairs are created by light absorption in a semiconductor and separated by the electric field spaning a micrometre-thick depletion region. The maximum voltage these devices can produce is equal to the semiconductor electronic bandgap. Here, we report the discovery of a fundamentally different mechanism for photovoltaic charge separation, which operates over a distance of 1-2 nm and produces voltages that are significantly higher than the bandgap. The separation happens at previously unobserved nanoscale steps of the electrostatic potential that naturally occur at ferroelectric domain walls in the complex oxide BiFeO(3). Electric-field control over domain structure allows the photovoltaic effect to be reversed in polarity or turned off. This new degree of control, and the high voltages produced, may find application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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43
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Zeches RJ, Rossell MD, Zhang JX, Hatt AJ, He Q, Yang CH, Kumar A, Wang CH, Melville A, Adamo C, Sheng G, Chu YH, Ihlefeld JF, Erni R, Ederer C, Gopalan V, Chen LQ, Schlom DG, Spaldin NA, Martin LW, Ramesh R. A strain-driven morphotropic phase boundary in BiFeO3. Science 2010; 326:977-80. [PMID: 19965507 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa, are typically characterized by the intimate coexistence of two phases across a morphotropic phase boundary. Electrically switching one to the other yields large electromechanical coupling coefficients. Driven by global environmental concerns, there is currently a strong push to discover practical lead-free piezoelectrics for device engineering. Using a combination of epitaxial growth techniques in conjunction with theoretical approaches, we show the formation of a morphotropic phase boundary through epitaxial constraint in lead-free piezoelectric bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films. Electric field-dependent studies show that a tetragonal-like phase can be reversibly converted into a rhombohedral-like phase, accompanied by measurable displacements of the surface, making this new lead-free system of interest for probe-based data storage and actuator applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Zeches
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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44
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Balke N, Choudhury S, Jesse S, Huijben M, Chu YH, Baddorf AP, Chen LQ, Ramesh R, Kalinin SV. Deterministic control of ferroelastic switching in multiferroic materials. Nat Nanotechnol 2009; 4:868-75. [PMID: 19893529 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials showing coupled electric, magnetic and elastic orderings provide a platform to explore complexity and new paradigms for memory and logic devices. Until now, the deterministic control of non-ferroelectric order parameters in multiferroics has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate deterministic ferroelastic switching in rhombohedral BiFeO(3) by domain nucleation with a scanning probe. We are able to select among final states that have the same electrostatic energy, but differ dramatically in elastic or magnetic order, by applying voltage to the probe while it is in lateral motion. We also demonstrate the controlled creation of a ferrotoroidal order parameter. The ability to control local elastic, magnetic and torroidal order parameters with an electric field will make it possible to probe local strain and magnetic ordering, and engineer various magnetoelectric, domain-wall-based and strain-coupled devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Balke
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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45
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Yang CH, Seidel J, Kim SY, Rossen PB, Yu P, Gajek M, Chu YH, Martin LW, Holcomb MB, He Q, Maksymovych P, Balke N, Kalinin SV, Baddorf AP, Basu SR, Scullin ML, Ramesh R. Electric modulation of conduction in multiferroic Ca-doped BiFeO3 films. Nat Mater 2009; 8:485-93. [PMID: 19396162 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many interesting materials phenomena such as the emergence of high-Tc superconductivity in the cuprates and colossal magnetoresistance in the manganites arise out of a doping-driven competition between energetically similar ground states. Doped multiferroics present a tantalizing evolution of this generic concept of phase competition. Here, we present the observation of an electronic conductor-insulator transition by control of band-filling in the model antiferromagnetic ferroelectric BiFeO3 through Ca doping. Application of electric field enables us to control and manipulate this electronic transition to the extent that a p-n junction can be created, erased and inverted in this material. A 'dome-like' feature in the doping dependence of the ferroelectric transition is observed around a Ca concentration of approximately 1/8, where a new pseudo-tetragonal phase appears and the electric modulation of conduction is optimized. Possible mechanisms for the observed effects are discussed on the basis of the interplay of ionic and electronic conduction. This observation opens the door to merging magnetoelectrics and magnetoelectronics at room temperature by combining electronic conduction with electric and magnetic degrees of freedom already present in the multiferroic BiFeO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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46
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Langner MC, Kantner CLS, Chu YH, Martin LM, Yu P, Seidel J, Ramesh R, Orenstein J. Observation of ferromagnetic resonance in SrRuO3 by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:177601. [PMID: 19518833 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.177601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in SrRuO3 using the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. The FMR oscillations in the time-domain appear in response to a sudden, optically induced change in the direction of easy-axis anisotropy. The high FMR frequency, 250 GHz, and large Gilbert damping parameter, alpha approximately 1, are consistent with strong spin-orbit coupling. We find that the parameters associated with the magnetization dynamics, including alpha, have a nonmonotonic temperature dependence, suggestive of a link to the anomalous Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Langner
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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47
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Seidel J, Martin LW, He Q, Zhan Q, Chu YH, Rother A, Hawkridge ME, Maksymovych P, Yu P, Gajek M, Balke N, Kalinin SV, Gemming S, Wang F, Catalan G, Scott JF, Spaldin NA, Orenstein J, Ramesh R. Conduction at domain walls in oxide multiferroics. Nat Mater 2009; 8:229-34. [PMID: 19169247 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls may play an important role in future electronic devices, given their small size as well as the fact that their location can be controlled. Here, we report the observation of room-temperature electronic conductivity at ferroelectric domain walls in the insulating multiferroic BiFeO(3). The origin and nature of the observed conductivity are probed using a combination of conductive atomic force microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and first-principles density functional computations. Our analyses indicate that the conductivity correlates with structurally driven changes in both the electrostatic potential and the local electronic structure, which shows a decrease in the bandgap at the domain wall. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential for device applications of such conducting nanoscale features.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seidel
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 California, USA.
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48
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Huang CF, Wu TC, Chu YH, Hwang KS, Wang CC, Peng HJ. Effect of neonatal sublingual vaccination with native or denatured ovalbumin and adjuvant CpG or cholera toxin on systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. Scand J Immunol 2008; 68:502-10. [PMID: 18822109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sublingual immunotherapy has been applied for allergic diseases, but whether sublingual immunization in neonates can prevent sensitization has not been studied. In this study, we evaluate the effect of neonatal sublingual vaccination with native or denatured allergens alone or plus adjuvant on allergy prevention. Newborn BALB/c mice were sublingually vaccinated daily for the first 3 days with native or denatured ovalbumin (OVA) only, or combined adjuvant CpG or cholera toxin (CT). They were sensitized with OVA adsorbed onto alum 7 weeks after the last vaccination. Specific secretory IgA antibody responses were readily induced by neonatal vaccination with antigen plus CpG or CT, but not with antigen alone. Whereas vaccination with denatured OVA plus CpG markedly enhanced T helper 1 (Th1) responses and inhibited IgE production, vaccination with denatured OVA plus CT increased cervical lymph node cell production of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and serum IgG1 responses. These data demonstrate that neonatal sublingual vaccination with denatured OVA and CpG not only preferentially induces systemic Th1 responses and mucosal immunity, but also simultaneously abrogates IgE production. Neonatal sublingual vaccines may play a role for the strategy of allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Jang HW, Baek SH, Ortiz D, Folkman CM, Das RR, Chu YH, Shafer P, Zhang JX, Choudhury S, Vaithyanathan V, Chen YB, Felker DA, Biegalski MD, Rzchowski MS, Pan XQ, Schlom DG, Chen LQ, Ramesh R, Eom CB. Strain-induced polarization rotation in epitaxial (001) BiFeO3 thin films. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:107602. [PMID: 18851256 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of the remanent polarization of high quality (001)-oriented epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films shows a strong strain dependence, even larger than conventional (001)-oriented PbTiO3 films. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that a strain-induced polarization rotation mechanism is responsible for the large change in the out-of-plane polarization of (001) BiFeO3 with biaxial strain while the spontaneous polarization itself remains almost constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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50
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Kalinin SV, Jesse S, Rodriguez BJ, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Eliseev EA, Morozovska AN. Probing the role of single defects on the thermodynamics of electric-field induced phase transitions. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:155703. [PMID: 18518126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.155703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics and thermodynamics of first order transitions are universally controlled by defects that act as nucleation sites and pinning centers. Here we demonstrate that defect-domain interactions during polarization reversal processes in ferroelectric materials result in a pronounced fine structure in electromechanical hysteresis loops. Spatially resolved imaging of a single defect center in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin film is achieved, and the defect size and built-in field are determined self-consistently from the single-point spectroscopic measurements and spatially resolved images. This methodology is universal and can be applied to other reversible bias-induced transitions including electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kalinin
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
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