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Kuo DP, Chiu YW, Chen PT, Tsai YJ, Hou CH, Chen YL, Chu CM. Associations between body composition and vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:589-598. [PMID: 34626209 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease with low bone mineral density (BMD) and high incidence of vertebral fractures (VFs). Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis have decreased total fat and lean mass. This study aimed to investigate the associations between body composition and VF risk and explore the potential predictor of VF risk in postmenopausal women. METHODS Enrolled 731 postmenopausal women were referred by various departments and outpatient clinics to assess vertebral status between October 2016 and November 2017. The main measures were total body lean mass, fat mass, and BMD. Patients were divided into osteopenia, osteoporosis, and normal groups based on T-scores. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between body composition parameters and VF. RESULTS VF was significantly associated with increased age, lower height, and lighter weight in all participants, and higher BMI was observed in VF participants. Participants in the osteoporosis group were older and had lower height, weight, and BMD than those in normal and osteopenia groups. Femoral and total hip T-scores as well as T-scores for lumbar spine were significantly lower in participants with VF than in non-VF participants. Percentage of bone mass was also significantly lower in VF participants compared to that of non-VF participants. Women with increased BMD and lower bone mass had reduced odds for VF occurrence. Bone mass was significantly able to identify VF occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Body composition analysis discerns differences in the bone status of postmenopausal women with and without VF. The cutoff value of the bone mass might be used effectively as an indicator of risk for VF occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-P Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wu-Hsing St, Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist., Taoyuan County, 32551, Taiwan
| | - Y-W Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saint Paul's Hospital, No. 123, Jianxin Street, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan County, 33069, Taiwan
| | - P-T Chen
- Department of Radiology, Kang-Ning General Hospital, No. 26, Lane 420, Section 5, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Tsai
- Department of Radiology, Keelung Hospital of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 268, Xin 2nd Rd., Xinyi Dist., Keelung City, 20148, Taiwan
| | - C-H Hou
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist., Taoyuan County, 32551, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Y-L Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 168, Zhongxing Rd., Longtan Dist., Taoyuan County, 32551, Taiwan
| | - C-M Chu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No. 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City, 11490, Taiwan.
- Big Data Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan.
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Wu CY, Huang CJ, Chiu YW, Huang CT, Chuang HY. A retrospective analysis of the factors associated with hypercalcaemia in patients with advanced cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2013; 23:695-700. [PMID: 24304462 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypercalcaemia, a common complication of advanced cancer, causes multiple clinical symptoms, deteriorates patients' quality of life, and is associated with poor prognoses. This study aimed to identify the factors that may be associated with hypercalcaemia in advanced cancer by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of patients (n = 404) admitted to the palliative ward of the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, from 2006 to 2008. Patients' demographics, clinical data and symptoms were recorded. Seventy-nine of 404 patients had hypercalcaemia (19.6%), predominant in cases of head-and-neck cancer and haematological malignancies (P < 0.05), but not in those of bone metastases. Hypercalcaemia was associated with consciousness disturbances and leucocytosis (P < 0.05). We recommend that ionised (corrected) calcium levels be monitored clinically in patients with advanced cancer especially when consciousness disturbances are noted, or when head-and-neck or haematological malignancies are present. Testing of free calcium levels is also recommended in patients with leucocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including those treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), have a high risk for death, particularly from cardiovascular (CV) causes. Traditional risk factors for CV disease – like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia - are highly prevalent, often severe, and more difficult to treat in dialysis patients. Development of strategies for CV risk reduction in dialysis patients is complicated by epidemiologic studies that demonstrate paradoxical associations of some of the traditional risk factors with mortality. The difficulty is enhanced by either a paucity or negative findings of studies that have tested risk modification by targeting traditional CV risk factors. It is also clear that neither the prevalence nor the severity of traditional risk factors explains the substantial increase in risk for death associated with ESRD; this has led to identification of several nontraditional risk factors. Among these, systemic inflammation, disordered mineral metabolism, and long-term CV risk from infectious complications appear the most promising. However, the evidence in favor of the importance of these risk factors is largely limited to observational studies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the literature to assist the clinician to reduce the CV risk of ESRD patients treated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Chiu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, U.S.A
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older women in East Asia, and Taiwan in particular, there is little research on quality of life and the health care they receive to address the symptoms of menopause. This study evaluated factors which influence quality of life among post middle-age women in Taiwan. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 1250 women between 43 and 77 years of age during the year 2002. The factors investigated were demographics, menstruation status, menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis status, and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). SF-36 was used to assess the health-related quality of life of these women. Correlation, multiple regression and path analysis were used to test for direct and indirect relationships among the variables. RESULTS There are statistical significances between menopause symptoms and quality of life across different age groups. Path analysis shows a direct positive effect of HRT and a direct negative effect of climacteric symptoms on both physical and mental components of quality of life. Age, marital status, education and osteoporosis also have direct and indirect effects, some positive and others negative, on the components of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS When developing programs to enhance health in post middle-age women, consideration should be given to symptom relief as well as quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Chiu
- Department of Community Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin YH, Chiu YW, Shiau YC, Yen RF, Tsai IJ, Ho YL, Huang PJ. The relation between serum level of amioterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus: A pilot study. J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20:964-7. [PMID: 17024136 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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Chiu YW, Su LJ, Lin HY. Comparison of Characteristics in Study Participants and Non-Participants in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s224-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kuo HT, Kuo MC, Chiu YW, Chang JM, Guh JY, Chen HC. Increased glomerular and extracellular malondialdehyde levels in patients and rats with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:245-50. [PMID: 15816993 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests an increase in oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease, as glomerulosclerosis is the prerequisite for chronic kidney disease; whether the oxidative stress already exists early on is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study we measured the plasma and urinary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation, and assessed the immunoreactivity of MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in glomeruli of patients and rats with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and compared our findings with those of minimal change disease (MCD) and normal controls (NC). RESULTS Our results showed that plasma MDA level was significantly increased in patients with FSGS compared with both patients with MCD and normal controls. The urinary MDA level was also significantly increased and was significantly correlated with plasma MDA level in patients with FSGS. The immunostaining for glomerular MDA and SOD was significantly higher in the patients with FSGS than in either the patients with MCD or NC, and was also significantly higher in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced FSGS than in rats with MCD. Glomerular MDA level was significantly correlated with the degree of glomerulosclerosis in the patients with FSGS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that oxidative stress occurs early on before the onset of renal failure, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-T Kuo
- Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiu YW, Li QX, Karu AE. Selective binding of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by a monoclonal antibody: analysis by kinetic exclusion fluorescence immunoassay. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5477-84. [PMID: 11816577 DOI: 10.1021/ac0102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previously described monoclonal antibody, S2B1, was highly selective for coplanar (non-ortho-chlorinated) PCB congeners in enzyme immunoassays that measured binding at equilibrium. In the present study, kinetic exclusion fluoroimmunoassay (KinExA) was used to determine the dissociation constants (Kd) and on and off rates (k(on), k(off)) for binding of various PCB congeners to affinity-purified S2B1 IgG and Fab fragments in solution. This method revealed that mono- and di-ortho-chlorinated PCBs were bound by S2B1, but the on rates were slower, and the off rates faster by 6-60-fold, than with congeners that had no ortho chlorines. Although the sensitivity of immunoassays may be improved by using competing haptens that S2B1 binds more weakly than the parent PCB, the KinExA results demonstrate that congener specificity is an intrinsic property of S2B1 and does not require weaker binding haptens. KinExA also provided new information on the percentage of active binding sites, valence, and effects of buffer, solvent, and biotinylation on S2B1. The advantages and drawbacks of KinExA for measuring antibody-ligand binding are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Chiu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Chiu YW, Chen R, Li QX, Karu AE. Derivation and properties of recombinant Fab antibodies to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:2614-2624. [PMID: 10888593 DOI: 10.1021/jf991208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant Fab antibodies (rFabs) specific for coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were derived from a hybridoma cell line (Chiu et al. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 3829-3839). Immunoglobulin V(H)-C(H1) and V(L)-C(L) sequences from S2B1 messenger RNA were amplified by PCR and cloned into the M13 phagemid vector pComb3H. Phage displaying rFab were enriched by panning on a PCB hapten conjugate and expressed as soluble rFabs in Escherichia coli XL-1 Blue. Two rFab clones competitively bound PCBs 77 and 126 with half-maximal inhibition (I(50)) of 10-13 ppb in indirect and direct enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), with selectivity nearly identical to that of whole S2B1 IgG and its Fab fragments prepared by papain digestion. These results, and comparison of N-terminal amino acid sequences of MAb S2B1 and the rFab, indicated that rFab S2B1 is a functional copy of the MAb. The rFab S2B1 sequences have 75-89% sequence identity with antibodies that bind nitrophenyl haptens and are being used to construct a three-dimensional computational model of the PCB binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Chiu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants with diverse toxic, teratogenic, reproductive, immunotoxic, and tumorigenic effects. Three of the least abundant of the 209 PCB isomers (congeners) are the most toxic and most difficult to quantify. These are 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3,4,3',4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl, and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (IU-PAC No. 77, 126, and 169, respectively). An immunizing hapten was designed to retain the 3,4,3',4' chlorine-substitution pattern and coplanarity characteristic of these toxic congeners. The optimal competitors for immunoassay were weaker binding distinctive single-ring fragments of the PCBs. A monoclonal antibody designated S2B1 was derived and used in direct (antibody-capture) competitive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). The EIAs are highly specific for non-ortho-substituted congeners and do not recognize the more prevalent but much less toxic noncoplanar PCB congeners or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, or dichlorobenzenes. Hapten and competitor design for this assay suggests a basis for development of sensitive EIAs for other classes of PCB congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Chiu
- Hybridoma Facility, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Albany 94706, USA
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Abstract
The blood content in different organs or tissues of guinea-pigs was determined by means of [125I]bovine serum albumin. The blood distribution expressed as percentage of total body blood for various organs or tissues ranged from 0.35 (adipose) to 17.5 (muscle)%. The blood content in tissue preparations expressed as the blood background correction factor, F (ml blood/g wet tissue) depended on the extent of bleeding during experiment; that factor can cause a considerable difference in the results of a tissue distribution study of a drug. Blood content was high in the lung (0.36 ml/g), heart, liver, kidney and spleen, but low in adipose and brain tissues (0.021 ml/g). The distribution of valproic acid in various tissues of guinea-pigs after intravenous injection was determined from the homogenates of isolated organs. The results showed that blood contamination can greatly alter the data of tissue distribution of a drug to as much as 25%. This study proposed a maximum (non-bled) and a minimum (extreme-bled) blood background correction factor for respective tissues of guinea-pigs, as well as equations for correcting the blood contamination in tissue during the drug distribution study. The results suggest that to obtain an exact analysis of drug concentrations in specific tissues, a correction for the blood of that specific tissue is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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Hollander N, Chiu YW. In vitro binding of cortisol-1,2-3H by a substance in the supernatant fraction of P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1966; 25:291-7. [PMID: 6013253 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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