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Singh YP, Kumar N, Chauhan BS, Garg P. Carbamate as a potential anti-Alzheimer's pharmacophore: A review. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1624-1651. [PMID: 37694498 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative brain disorder, which leads to loss of memory and other cognitive dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms of AD pathogenesis are very complex and still not fully explored. Cholinergic neuronal loss, accumulation of amyloid plaque, metal ions dyshomeostasis, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are major hallmarks of AD. The current treatment options for AD are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and NMDA receptor antagonists (memantine). These FDA-approved drugs mainly provide symptomatic relief without addressing the pathological aspects of disease progression. So, there is an urgent need for novel drug development that not only addresses the basic mechanisms of the disease but also shows the neuroprotective property. Various research groups across the globe are working on the development of multifunctional agents for AD amelioration using different core scaffolds for their design, and carbamate is among them. Rivastigmine was the first carbamate drug investigated for AD management. The carbamate fragment, a core scaffold of rivastigmine, act as a potential inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. In this review, we summarize the last 10 years of research conducted on the modification of carbamate with different substituents which primarily target ChE inhibition, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Navneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
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Borthakur U, Ram Verma M, Singh YP, Kumar S, Kumar D, Bangar YC, Sharun K, Dhama K. Prevalence of babesiosis in bovines of India: a meta-analytical approach for 30 years (1990-2019). Vet Q 2023; 43:1-9. [PMID: 36846918 PMCID: PMC10026754 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2185695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND India has a massive population of bovines, which makes the framework of the economy mainly relying on milk and meat production. Parasitic diseases such as babesiosis are detrimental to bovines by decreasing animal welfare and production efficiency. AIM Performing a meta-analysis of the prevalence of babesiosis over 30 years viz 1990 to 2019 within India to pool out individual studies from different country regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The studies were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality, and it was done by following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) and MOOSE protocols. The prevalence of babesiosis in cattle and buffaloes was calculated using meta-analysis tools using R-software and Q Statistics. RESULTS The systematic review and meta-analysis performed on 47 studies among bovine, 48 studies among cattle, and 13 studies among buffaloes revealed the (pooled) prevalence of babesiosis in India as 10.9% (6.3%-18.2%; Q = 5132.03, d.f. = 46, P < 0.001), 11.9% (6.9%-19.8%; Q = 5060.2, d.f.=47, P < 0.001), and 6.0% (2.6%-13.2%; Q = 500.55, d.f.=12, P < 0.001), respectively, which provides a rather exact scenario of the prevalence of this haemoparasitic disease across the country. In addition, cattle were having higher risk of babesiosis than buffalo. CONCLUSION The findings from the meta-analysis showed that the disease is prevalent across the country, and that bovines are highly affected by it. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate this disease and enhance welfare and production performances of bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udipta Borthakur
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Chandrakant Bangar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, The Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh YP, Kumar H. Berberine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase: A systematic review. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1592-1603. [PMID: 37665093 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic age-related neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by the impairment of memory accompanied by worsening of thinking ability of an individual. The exact pathophysiology of AD is not fully understood. However low level of the neurotransmitter named acetylcholine (ACh), aggregation of Aβ peptide into toxic Aβ plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau, bio-metal imbalance, and oxidative stress are the main hallmarks of this disease. Due to the complex pathophysiology of AD, no specific treatment is available in the market, and treatment is only limited to the symptomatic relief. So, there is an urgent need for the development of new drug candidate, which can have disease-modifying effect and improve learning and memory in AD patient. Therefore, berberine-based multifunction compounds with potential cholinesterase inhibitory properties were reviewed in this article. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and biological activity provide highlights on the new derivatives used for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Harish Kumar
- Government College of Pharmacy, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Singh YP, Arora S, Mishra VK, Singh AK. Rationalizing mineral gypsum use through microbially enriched municipal solid waste compost for amelioration and regaining productivity potential of degraded alkali soils. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11816. [PMID: 37479732 PMCID: PMC10361972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reclamation of alkali soils to harness their productivity potential is more complex due to the presence of excess sodium ions, poor hydraulic conductivity and infiltration rate, resulting in poor plant growth and crop productivity. Sodic soil reclamation using inorganic ameliorants like mineral gypsum or phosphogypsum is beyond the reach of small and marginal farmers having alkali soils because of their higher market prices and shortage of availability. Conjoint use of inorganic and organic amendments can be a pragmatic solution for improving soil physico-chemical and biological properties and sustaining crop productivity. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) available in abundant quantity if enriched with the efficient halophilic microbial consortium and used in conjunction with a reduced dose of gypsum can be a cost-effective approach for sustainable reclamation of alkali soils and harnessing their productivity potential. Hence, a field experiment was conducted on a high alkali soil (pH2 9.2 ± 0.10), electrical conductivity (EC) 1.14 ± 0.12 dS m-1, exchangeable sodium percentage 48 ± 2.50 and organic carbon (0.30%) was conducted during 2018-19 to 2020-21 to study the combined effect inorganic and organic (enriched municipal solid waste compost (EMSWC)) amendments on amelioration of alkali soils and sustaining productivity of rice-wheat cropping system. Application of gypsum @ 25% GR + enriched MSW compost @ 10 t ha-1 (T6) showed significant improvement in soil physico-chemical and biological properties over the sole application of organic (T3 and T4), inorganic (T2) and control (T1). A significant improvement in soil fertility status in terms of available nitrogen and micronutrients as well as CO3, HCO3, Cl, Ca and Mg content were recorded with the combined application of organic and inorganic soil amendments (T5 and T6) over the sole application of mineral gypsum. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN) and phosphorus (MBP) improved significantly due to the application of EMSWC with gypsum over the application of gypsum only. Grain yield of rice and wheat increased significantly (P < 0.05) owing to the application of a reduced dose of gypsum (25% GR) and EMSWC @ 10 t ha-1 (T6) with values of 5.55 and 3.83 t ha-1, respectively over rest of the treatments. Three years economic analysis of the study revealed that treatments T6 and T5 gave the highest positive net return whereas it was lowest in treatment T1 and negative in treatment T2. The highest benefit-to-cost ratio (B:C) was obtained in treatments T6 and T5 which were significantly higher compared to the rest of the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Sanjay Arora
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226002, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, 226002, India
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Jaismon PA, Sushmitha AP, Verma MR, Singh YP, Borthakur U, Kumar S, Sharun K, Dhama K. Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India: a meta-analysis. Vet Q 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37341425 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2228355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The livestock sector has a substantial role in India. Bovine brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease that hinders production and is a vital public health concern. Even though brucellosis is one of the important diseases in India, the exact prevalence details of the disease are deficient. OBJECTIVE To derive an estimate of the prevalence of brucellosis in India. MATERIAL AND METHODS To counter this information barrier, a systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in this study. PRISMA and MOOSE protocols were employed for obtaining and scrutinizing the published works. A total of 133 studies were taken from online sources and various publications. Among these, 69 studies were incorporated that includes a total of 140908 bovines. The data was compiled from 1990 to 2019 around India. Meta-analysis was carried out using R software. RESULTS Pooled estimates of the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffalo were 16.6% (95% CI: 13.0, 21.1) and 14.2% (95% CI: 8.9, 21.8), respectively, and in bovines was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.0, 18.8). The meta-analysis revealed that there was significant heterogeneity between the published studies with heterogeneity across studies in bovines was 99.4%. CONCLUSION As the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in India is not known hence the present study will provide the knowledge on prevalence and epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in India and will be helpful for the government to make policy plans to control this disease in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Jaismon
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - A P Sushmitha
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Udipta Borthakur
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India-243122
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Jha SK, Mishra VK, Damodaran T, Singh AK, Sharma PC, Sharma DK, Ojha D, Singh YP. Conservation Tillage and Waste Crop Residue Based Zinc Fortification in Rice and Wheat under Reclaimed Sodic Soils: Progress toward Nutrient Circularity and Sustainability. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:2853-2863. [PMID: 36744760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of the population across the globe is at risk of malnutrition with respect to zinc (Zn) in areas where a cereal based dietary system dominates. The present study estimated daily Zn intake in humans through field experiments in reclaimed sodic soil, utilizing waste crop residue (CR) in conservation tillage where CR played a vital role in enhancing Zn uptake in rice and wheat grains. Zn dynamics, its bioavailability, interaction with soil properties, and plausible contribution in dietary intake were studied extensively to supplement the research. A higher mobility factor (2.70%) and plant available Zn resulted in its higher uptake in rice (58.2 mg kg-1) and wheat (67.2 mg kg-1) under zero tillage in rice followed by zero tillage in wheat where CR was retained on the surface (ZTR-ZTW+CR). Daily Zn intake was found to be maximum (0.651 mg kg-1 day-1) under ZTR-ZTW+CR, demonstrating zinc sufficiency. Thus, this study may help in formulating actionable policies for combating both nutritional security and environmental hazards due to CR burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - Thukkaram Damodaran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Dinesh Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Ojha
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar CT, Karpurapu A, Singh YP. Reduction of PAPR for FBMC-OQAM system using Ant Colony Optimisation technique. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Singh YP, Kumar N, Priya K, Chauhan BS, Shankar G, Kumar S, Singh GK, Srikrishna S, Garg P, Singh G, Rai G, Modi G. Exploration of Neuroprotective Properties of a Naturally Inspired Multifunctional Molecule (F24) against Oxidative Stress and Amyloid β Induced Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:27-42. [PMID: 34931800 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are manifested as an increase in the level of oxidative stress and aggregation of the amyloid-β protein. In vitro, in vivo, and in silico experiments were designed and carried out with multifunctional cholinergic inhibitor, F24 (EJMC-7a) to explore its neuroprotective effects in AD models. The neuroprotection ability of F24 was tested in SH-SY5Y cells, a widely used neuronal cell line. The pretreatment and subsequent co-treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with different doses of F24 was effective in rescuing the cells from H2O2 induced neurotoxicity. F24 treated cells were found to be effective in the reduction of cellular reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity, which validated its neuroprotective effectiveness. F24 exhibited efficacy in an in vivo Drosophila model by rescuing eye phenotypes from degeneration caused by Aβ toxicity. Further, computational studies were carried out to monitor the interaction between F24 and Aβ1-42 aggregates. The computational studies corroborated our in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting Aβ1-42 aggregation modulation ability of F24. The brain entry ability of F24 was studied in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Finally, F24 was tested at doses of 1 and 2.5 mg/kg in the Morris water maze AD model. The neuroprotective properties shown by F24 strongly suggest that multifunctional features of this molecule provide symptomatic relief and act as a disease-modifying agent in the treatment of AD. The results from our experiments strongly indicated that natural template-based F24 could serve as a lead molecule for further investigation to explore multifunctional therapeutic agents for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Navneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Khushbu Priya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Brijesh Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gauri Shankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 Bihar, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062 Punjab, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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Baddam H, Vivekanandan G, Kondreddy K, Peddi S, Chitnis PP, Singh YP, Tiwar RVC. Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase Levels in Subjects with Clinically Healthy Periodontium and Chronic Periodontitis - A Clinico-biochemical Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1275-S1279. [PMID: 35017970 PMCID: PMC8686990 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_90_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with conglomerate etiology making it difficult to diagnose at the early stages. Potential biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) would determine the presence of the current disease activity, predict sites vulnerable for future breakdown, and assess the response to periodontal interventions. Merely elevated levels of inflammatory soft-tissue markers do not indicate bone destruction. Since there is no single ideal biomarker established, bone-related biomarkers such as telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, calprotectin, osteopontin, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) seem to hold great promise as predictive markers to determine bone destruction and active phases in the disease progression. The present study is intended to explore the biologic plausibility of the levels of TRAP in health and chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present cross-sectional clinico-biochemical study comprised 30 systemically healthy subjects with 15 periodontally healthy and 15 chronic periodontitis subjects who were age and gender matched. GCF and blood samples were collected from all the patients. TRAP estimation was done in both the samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. RESULTS Serum and GCF TRAP levels in chronic periodontitis subjects were significantly higher when compared to the periodontally healthy group. There were no significant correlations found among serum and GCF TRAP levels with increasing age and gender in both the groups. An increase in disease severity, i.e., increase in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, did not show correlation with the GCF and serum TRAP levels in the chronic periodontitis group. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present study, increased GCF TRAP levels in chronic periodontitis seem to be a potential marker for identifying ongoing periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha Baddam
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Harshitha Baddam, Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India. E-mail:
| | - Gopinath Vivekanandan
- Department of Periodontics, Aditya Dental College and Hospital, Beed, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kameswari Kondreddy
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Swapna Peddi
- Bachelor of Dental Surgery, SVS Dental College, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
| | | | - Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Ulum University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul V. C. Tiwar
- Department of OMFS, Narsinbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Budhiraja S, Dewan A, Aggarwal R, Singh O, Juneja D, Pathak S, Singh YP, Gupta A, Rai R, Indrayan A, Jha V, Naithani R. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma in Indian patients with COVID-19. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2021; 88:102548. [PMID: 33621948 PMCID: PMC7891064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2021.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma (CP) is being used as a treatment option in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Till date, there is conflicting evidence on efficacy of CP in reducing COVID-19 related mortality. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of CP on 28-day mortality reduction in patients with COVID-19. METHODS We did a multi-centre, retrospective case control observational study from 1st May 2020 to 31st August 2020. A total of 1079 adult patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen, were reviewed. Of these, 694 patients were admitted to ICU. Out of these, 333 were given CP along with best supportive care and remaining 361 received best supportive care only. RESULTS In the overall group of 1079 patients, mortality in plasma vs no plasma group was statistically not significant (22.4% vs 18.5%; p = 0.125; OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.94--1.72). However, in patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU, mortality was significantly lower in plasma group (25.5% vs 33.2%; p = 0.026; OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50-0.96). This benefit of reduced mortality was most seen in age group 60 to 74 years (26.7% vs 43.0%; p = 0.004; OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29-0.80), driven mostly by females of this age group (23.1% vs 53.5%; p = 0.013; OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.78). Significant difference in mortality was observed in patients with one comorbidity (22.3% vs 36.5%; p = 0.004; OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.80). Moreover, patients on ventilator had significantly lower mortality in the plasma arm (37.2% vs 49.3%; p = 0.009; OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.89); particularly so for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (63.9% vs 82.9%; p = 0.014; OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16-0.83). CONCLUSION The use of CP was associated with reduced mortality in COVID-19 elderly patients admitted in ICU, above 60 years of age, particularly females, those with comorbidities and especially those who required some form of ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Budhiraja
- Clinical Directorate, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India; Institute of Internal Medicine, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | - Arun Dewan
- Critical Care, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | - Deven Juneja
- Critical Care, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | | | - Y P Singh
- Critical Care, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Critical Care, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | - Reeta Rai
- Transfusion Medicine, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | - Abhaya Indrayan
- Division of Bio Statistics, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinitaa Jha
- Clinical Directorate, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rahul Naithani
- Hematology & Bone Marrow Transplant Division, Max Healthcare, New Delhi, India.
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Singh YP, Rai H, Singh G, Singh GK, Mishra S, Kumar S, Srikrishna S, Modi G. A review on ferulic acid and analogs based scaffolds for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113278. [PMID: 33662757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe central cholinergic neuronal loss, gradually contributing to cognitive dysfunction and impaired motor activity, resulting in the brain's cell death at the later stages of AD. Although the etiology of AD is not well understood, however, several factors such as oxidative stress, deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides to form Aβ plaques, intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and low level of acetylcholine are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. There is practically no drug for AD treatment that can address the basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration and slow down the disease progression. The currently available therapies for AD in the market focus on providing only symptomatic relief without addressing the aforesaid basic factors responsible for the neurodegeneration. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenol derivative from natural sources and serves as a potential pharmacophore that exerts multiple pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, neuroprotection, Aβ aggregation modulation, and anti-inflammatory. Several FA based hybrid analogs are under investigation as a multi-target directed ligand (MTDLs) to develop novel hybrid compounds for the treatment of AD. In the present review article, we are focused on the critical pathogenic factors responsible for the onset of AD followed by the developments of FA pharmacophore-based hybrids compounds as a novel multifunctional therapeutic agent to address the limitations associated with available treatment for AD. The rationale behind the development of these compounds and their pharmacological activities in particular to their ChE inhibition (ChEI), neuroprotection, antioxidant property, Aβ aggregation modulation, and metal chelation ability, are discussed in detail. We have also discussed the discovery of caffeic and cinnamic acids based MTDLs for AD. This review paper provides an in-depth insight into the research progress and current status of these novel therapeutics in AD and prospects for developing a druggable molecule with desired pharmacological affinity and reduced toxicity for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Himanshu Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Central University of South Bihar Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Sunil Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - S Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Rai H, Barik A, Singh YP, Suresh A, Singh L, Singh G, Nayak UY, Dubey VK, Modi G. Molecular docking, binding mode analysis, molecular dynamics, and prediction of ADMET/toxicity properties of selective potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an effort toward drug repurposing to combat COVID-19. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1905-1927. [PMID: 33582935 PMCID: PMC7882058 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the main protease (Mpro) enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 in the digestion of viral polyproteins introduces Mpro as an attractive drug target for antiviral drug design. This study aims to carry out the molecular docking, molecular dynamics studies, and prediction of ADMET properties of selected potential antiviral molecules. The study provides an insight into biomolecular interactions to understand the inhibitory mechanism and the spatial orientation of the tested ligands and further, identification of key amino acid residues within the substrate-binding pocket that can be applied for structure-based drug design. In this regard, we carried out molecular docking studies of chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir (RDV), GS441524, arbidol (ARB), and natural product glycyrrhizin (GA) using AutoDock 4.2 tool. To study the drug-receptor complex's stability, selected docking possesses were further subjected to molecular dynamics studies with Schrodinger software. The prediction of ADMET/toxicity properties was carried out on ADMET Prediction™. The docking studies suggested a potential role played by CYS145, HIS163, and GLU166 in the interaction of molecules within the active site of COVID-19 Mpro. In the docking studies, RDV and GA exhibited superiority in binding with the crystal structure of Mpro over the other selected molecules in this study. Spatial orientations of the molecules at the active site of Mpro exposed the significance of S1–S4 subsites and surrounding amino acid residues. Among GA and RDV, RDV showed better and stable interactions with the protein, which is the reason for the lesser RMSD values for RDV. Overall, the present in silico study indicated the direction to combat COVID-19 using FDA-approved drugs as promising agents, which do not need much toxicity studies and could also serve as starting points for lead optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Rai
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Atanu Barik
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Akhil Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Lovejit Singh
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gourav Singh
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.,Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Room # 23, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Uprety A, Kobashi Y, Ozaki A, Shrestha D, Ghimire B, Sedain G, Sigdel S, Higuchi A, Tsubokura M, Singh YP. Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: Evaluation of Clinical and Radiological Outcome Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Locking Branched Calcaneal Plate. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:29-34. [PMID: 34812154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background An introduction of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) is essential to promote surgical safety. Objective To obtain country-specific information regarding the checklist in a leading medical institution in Nepal. Method The present research was a cross-sectional study with a survey conducted among healthcare professionals working in the operation theatre at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu, Nepal. A questionnaire was distributed to 150 healthcare professionals working in the operating theatre. Responses to the questionnaire were analysed descriptively and regression analyses used to identify factors associated with awareness of the checklist. Result In total, 127 healthcare professionals participated in the study, of whom 118 (92.9%) had been aware of the WHO SSC. A substantial proportion of participants (108, 91.5%) were not satisfied with the prevailing practice whereby the checklist was not routinely used during surgery. Lack of appropriate training was the most prevalent barrier to the checklist use (72, 67.9%), followed by unwillingness of staff to use the checklist (54, 50.9%), and lack of experience (42, 39.7%). The mean score on the survey was 6.0 out of 10. Regarding the results of the regression model on survey scores, surgeons had higher scores compared to nurses (unadjusted coefficient 0.80, 95% CI 0.20-1.40). Conclusion Most of the healthcare professionals were aware of the WHO SSC, however multiple barriers to the checklist use were identified. It is important to establish an effective use of WHO SSC in the operation theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Uprety
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Y Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Department of Anesthesia, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation. Iwaki City, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - A Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan. Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki City, Fukushima, 972-8322, Japan
| | - D Shrestha
- Department of Neonatology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Ghimire
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - G Sedain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Sigdel
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology, Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Higuchi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - M Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan. Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0074, Japan
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Kumar N, Gahlawat A, Kumar RN, Singh YP, Modi G, Garg P. Drug repurposing for Alzheimer’s disease: in silico and in vitro investigation of FDA-approved drugs as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2878-2892. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Gahlawat
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajaram Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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15
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Singh YP, Tej GNVC, Pandey A, Priya K, Pandey P, Shankar G, Nayak PK, Rai G, Chittiboyina AG, Doerksen RJ, Vishwakarma S, Modi G. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel naturally-inspired multifunctional molecules for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112257. [PMID: 32375073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our overall goal to overcome the limitations associated with natural products for the management of Alzheimer's disease and to develop in-vivo active multifunctional cholinergic inhibitors, we embarked on the development of ferulic acid analogs. A systematic SAR study to improve upon the cholinesterase inhibition of ferulic acid with analogs that also had lower logP was carried out. Enzyme inhibition and kinetic studies identified compound 7a as a lead molecule with preferential acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE IC50 = 5.74 ± 0.13 μM; BChE IC50 = 14.05 ± 0.10 μM) compared to the parent molecule ferulic acid (% inhibition of AChE and BChE at 20 μM, 15.19 ± 0.59 and 19.73 ± 0.91, respectively). Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that 7a fits well into the active sites of AChE and BChE, forming stable and strong interactions with key residues Asp74, Trp286, and Tyr337 in AChE and with Tyr128, Trp231, Leu286, Ala328, Phe329, and Tyr341 in BChE. Compound 7a was found to be an efficacious antioxidant in a DPPH assay (IC50 = 57.35 ± 0.27 μM), and it also was able to chelate iron. Data from atomic force microscopy images demonstrated that 7a was able to modulate aggregation of amyloid β1-42. Upon oral administration, 7a exhibited promising in-vivo activity in the scopolamine-induced AD animal model and was able to improve spatial memory in cognitive deficit mice in the Y-maze model. Analog 7a could effectively reverse the increased levels of AChE and BChE in scopolamine-treated animals and exhibited potent ex-vivo antioxidant properties. These findings suggest that 7a can act as a lead molecule for the development of naturally-inspired multifunctional molecules for the management of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gullanki Naga Venkata Charan Tej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amruta Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Khushbu Priya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Gauri Shankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Geeta Rai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, United States
| | - Swati Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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16
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Tharranum AM, Singh KK, Pandey AC, Singh YP, Kandpal BK. Evaluation of forewarning models for mustard aphids in different agro-climatic zones of India. Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64:445-460. [PMID: 31788743 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), is the most serious pest of Rapeseed-Mustard which is known to be responsible for a tremendous loss in yield and oil content, under various agro-climatic conditions of India. Information support on aphid occurrence and intensity is necessary for effective management by the farmers in the mustard-growing belt. In this study, an effort is made to develop forewarning model using the field data on aphid for 12 consecutive rabi seasons from 2003-2004 to 2014-2015 under different agro-climatic locations in India. Three main components of aphid-related stages were identified for which necessary forewarnings were needed to be issued: (1) severity, (2) the time of reaching the economic threshold level (ETL) for decision-making on pesticide application, and (3) time of occurrence of peak population. To address these, three different models were developed/used and validated using incident field dataset. Those field observations when the infestation level were below severe category (< 60) during rising phase of the aphid population were found to indicate highest R sqr. (0.82) for the model-I during validation. When model-II was used, 11 out of 14 locations (78.57%) stood validated. The assumptions made in model-III also got validated when humidity thermal ratio (HTR) of the week of peak population ranged between 1.5 and 4 (lowest among the weeks considered), and population reached severe category. The models showed better results during real-time validation in seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, thus suggesting that these three models can be used to ascertain the severity, week of ETL, and week of peak aphid population for Brassica juncea varieties all over the mustard belt in India and can be operationalized spatially to forewarn against the aphid pest population in future under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS) scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mehnaj Tharranum
- Agromet Advisory Service Division, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India.
| | - K K Singh
- Agromet Advisory Service Division, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Y P Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Singh YP, Chhabra SC, Lashkari K, Taneja A, Garg A, Chandra A, Chhabra M, Singh GP, Jain S. Hemoadsorption by extracorporeal cytokine adsorption therapy (CytoSorb ®) in the management of septic shock: A retrospective observational study. Int J Artif Organs 2019; 43:372-378. [PMID: 31868078 DOI: 10.1177/0391398819891739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis results in immunologic disturbances with the release of various inflammatory mediators such as cytokines. Cytokines can damage the cells, and the continuous release of inflammatory mediators leads to severely impaired immunity. Therefore, the reduction in cytokine levels by hemoadsorption represents a new concept for blood purification. CytoSorb® as a hemoadsorption device is a detoxification system, which aims to decrease the cytokines levels. This study was conducted to understand any beneficial effects of CytoSorb® therapy in septic patients. METHODOLOGY This was a retrospective and observational study, approved by the scientific and ethics committee of Max Super Specialty Hospital, Patparganj, Delhi, India and conducted in compliance with current International Council for Harmonization, Good Clinical Practice, Schedule Y, and Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines. Subjects of either gender (age > 18 year) were included in the study. The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and categorical as frequency and percentage (%). A p value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS A total number of 36 patients were included in the study. Majority of the patients were male with mean age (56.36 ± 14.83). After therapy, procalcitonin and total leucocyte count levels decreased within 24 h. Post therapy, sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of Day (D)1, D2, and D3 reduced to 10.4 ± 3.63, 8.7 ± 4.02, and 7.8 ± 3.67, respectively. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and predicted mortality were lower in the survivor group as compared to the non-survivor group. CONCLUSION Hemoadsorption using the extracorporeal adsorption device (CytoSorb®) might be an effective rescue therapy in stabilizing septic shock patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Singh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S C Chhabra
- Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Lashkari
- Critical Care Medicine, Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, UAE
| | - A Taneja
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Garg
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Chandra
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Chhabra
- Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - G P Singh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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18
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Wani SA, Sahu AR, Khan RIN, Pandey A, Saxena S, Hosamani N, Malla WA, Chaudhary D, Kanchan S, Sah V, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Mishra B, Tiwari AK, Sahoo AP, Sajjanar B, Singh YP, Gandham RK, Mishra BP, Singh RK. Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles of Monocytes and Lymphocytes From Peste-Des-Petits-Ruminants Virus Infected Goats. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1463. [PMID: 31333643 PMCID: PMC6624447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, transcriptome analysis of PPRV infected PBMC subsets-T helper cells, T cytotoxic cells, monocytes, and B lymphocytes was done to delineate their role in host response. PPRV was found to infect lymphocytes and not monocytes. The established receptor for PPRV-SLAM was found downregulated in lymphocytes and non-differentially expressed in monocytes. A profound deviation in the global gene expression profile with a large number of unique upregulated genes (851) and downregulated genes (605) was observed in monocytes in comparison to lymphocytes. ISGs-ISG15, Mx1, Mx2, RSAD2, IFIT3, and IFIT5 that play a role in antiviral response and the genes for viral sensors-MDA5, LGP2, and RIG1, were found to be upregulated in lymphocytes and downregulated in monocytes. The transcription factors-IRF-7 and STAT-1 that regulate expression of most of the ISGs were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. Interferon signaling pathway and RIG1 like receptor signaling pathway were found activated in lymphocytes and not in monocytes. This contrast in gene expression profiles and signaling pathways indicated the predominant role of lymphocytes in generating the antiviral response against PPRV in goats, thus, giving us new insights into host response to PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Neelima Hosamani
- Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Dheeraj Chaudhary
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Sonam Kanchan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Vaishali Sah
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ARIS Cell, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,Genomics and Computational Biology, DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
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19
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Khanal S, Singh YP, Sharma R, Pandit K. Round Block Technique in Management of Breast Lesions. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2019; 17:248-250. [PMID: 33305757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The basic tenets of oncoplastic surgery essentially includes volume displacement and volume replacement. The round block technique, so-called donut mastopexy or Benelli mastopexy, is frequently used as a volume displacement technique in breast conserving surgery for benign multicentric fibroadenomas and early breast cancers. Such techniques are still underused in Nepal. In this article we present on four cases managed with original round block technique and followed prospectively with their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khanal
- Breast and Thyroid Unit, Department of GI and General Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Y P Singh
- Breast and Thyroid Unit, Department of GI and General Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K Pandit
- Medical Officer, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Adhikari P, Regmi N, Chitrakar A, Ghimire B, Singh YP. Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction with Solitary Left Kidney: A Case Report. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2019. [PMID: 31477949 PMCID: PMC8827586 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction in individual with solitary left kidney is rare occurrence. Though there is no etiological association between Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction and solitary left kidney but the solitary left kidney decides the modality of treatment. Eighteen year lady referred to our institute with menorrhagia for 5 years and ultrasonography finding of splenomegaly and atretic right kidney. Investigations revealed Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction with multiple cavernoma formation with oesophagogastric varices with right renal agenesis. She successfully underwent splenectomy with devascularisation. Patient with Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction present mainly with recurrent episodes of variceal bleeding, splenomegaly and hypersplenism. Splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularisation is an effective modality of treatment for patient with Extra Hepatic Portal Vein Obstruction with solitary kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra Adhikari
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Correspondence: Dr. Pabitra Adhikari, Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9842032396
| | - Nirajan Regmi
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Akash Chitrakar
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bikal Ghimire
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - YP Singh
- Department of GI and General Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae or boulardii, also known as baker's yeast or brewer's yeast, is normally a nonpathogenic microbe. It is commonly used as a probiotic to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea. We present a case of a 77-year-old woman with uncontrolled diabetes who developed Saccharomyces fungemia with use of Saccharomyces containing probiotic after 5 days of treatment. The probiotic was immediately discontinued. The indwelling central line was removed, she was started on amphotericin B and the fungemia resolved. This case report highlights this peculiar complication of probiotic use. We also find it important to increase the awareness amongst the healthcare providers about this likely risk while prescribing probiotics, especially for critically ill patients. How to cite this article: Gupta P, Singh YP, Taneja A. Saccharomyces: A Friend or Foe in ICU (A Case Report with Solution). Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(9):430–431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Gupta
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil Taneja
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India
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Khanduri A, Sahu AR, Wani SA, Khan RIN, Pandey A, Saxena S, Malla WA, Mondal P, Rajak KK, Muthuchelvan D, Mishra B, Sahoo AP, Singh YP, Singh RK, Gandham RK, Mishra BP. Dysregulated miRNAome and Proteome of PPRV Infected Goat PBMCs Reveal a Coordinated Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2631. [PMID: 30524425 PMCID: PMC6262310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the miRNAome and proteome of virulent Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infected goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed. The identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were found to govern genes that modulate immune response based on the proteome data. The top 10 significantly enriched immune response processes were found to be governed by 98 genes. The top 10 DEmiRNAs governing these 98 genes were identified based on the number of genes governed by them. Out of these 10 DEmiRNAs, 7 were upregulated, and 3 were downregulated. These include miR-664, miR-2311, miR-2897, miR-484, miR-2440, miR-3533, miR-574, miR-210, miR-21-5p, and miR-30. miR-664 and miR-484 with proviral and antiviral activities, respectively, were upregulated in PPRV infected PBMCs. miR-210 that inhibits apoptosis was downregulated. miR-21-5p that decreases the sensitivity of cells to the antiviral activity of IFNs and miR-30b that inhibits antigen processing and presentation by primary macrophages were downregulated, indicative of a strong host response to PPRV infection. miR-21-5p was found to be inhibited on IPA upstream regulatory analysis of RNA-sequencing data. This miRNA that was also highly downregulated and was found to govern 16 immune response genes in the proteome data was selected for functional validation vis-a-vis TGFBR2 (TGF-beta receptor type-2). TGFBR2 that regulates cell differentiation and is involved in several immune response pathways was found to be governed by most of the identified immune modulating DEmiRNAs. The decreased luciferase activity in Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay indicated specific binding of miR-21-5p and miR-484 to their target thus establishing specific binding of the miRNAs to their targets.This is the first report on the miRNAome and proteome of virulent PPRV infected goat PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Khanduri
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Wani
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, United States
| | - Raja Ishaq Nabi Khan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Piyali Mondal
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - D Muthuchelvan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Mukteswar, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Aditya P Sahoo
- ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ARIS Cell, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India.,DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Bareilly, India
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Singh D, Singh CK, Singh YP, Singh V, Singh R, Tomar RSS, Sanwal SK, Karwa S, Mishra VK, Sarkar SK, Pal M, Kumar A, Yadav RK, Sharma PC. Evaluation of cultivated and wild genotypes of Lens species under alkalinity stress and their molecular collocation using microsatellite markers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199933. [PMID: 30102704 PMCID: PMC6089424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 285 lentil genotypes were phenotyped under hydroponic and alkaline field conditions. Significant genotypic variation for alkalinity stress was observed among the six Lens species screened hydroponically and in the field having pH up to 9.1. The crucial parameters, like whole Na+ and K+ contents and the Na+/K+ ratio at 40 mM NaHCO3 were found significantly correlated with seedling survivability under hydroponics (r = -0.95, r = 0.93 and -0.97). Genotypes, ranked on the bases of seed yield, restricted uptake of Na+ with thick pith area, increased vascular bundles, less H2O2 production and low Na+/K+ ratio, were found important physio-anatomical traits for alkalinity stress tolerance. The proper regulation of Na+ uptake was found for maintaining higher K+. This relationship is probably the main factor responsible for a better mechanism for tolerance to high pH up to 9.1 in tolerant breeding lines PDL-1 and PSL-9 (cultivars) and ILWL-15, ILWL-192 and ILWL-20 (wild accessions). Based on UPGMA dendrogram, all the genotypes were clustered into four diverse groups. DMRT was implied within the group to differentiate genotypes based on phenotypic response under alkalinity stress. These results can be utilized for selecting diverse parents for developing alkalinity tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- ICAR-Regional Station of Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijayata Singh
- ICAR- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Divisions of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Sourabh Karwa
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- ICAR-Regional Station of Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- National Phytotron Facility, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, India
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Thakur DK, Ghimire B, Singh YP. Trend in Gastric Outlet Obstruction at Patients Attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Birat J Health Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/bjhs.v2i2.18531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGastric outlet obstruction (GOO) involves obstruc_on in the antro-pyloric region or bulb of duodenum. Malignancy is common cause of GOO in adults but many patients with GOO have benign causes. Despite the improvement in medical management, about 5% patients with complicated duodenal ulcer disease and 1%-2% with complicated gastric ulcer disease respectively develop this problem.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to find the etiologies of GOO, their management options and outcome in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.MethodologyIn this retrospective study, the records of 44 patients admited with diagnosis of GOO from September 2007 to August 2010 in the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal were retrieved. Patients' demography, etiologies of GOO, treatment given and their outcome were analysed.ResultsThirty two patients (73%) were male and 12 (27%) were female with M:F ratio of 2.7:1. The mean age of patients was 57.40 years and duration of symptoms 2.68 months. Carcinoma of stomach, 28 cases (64%) was most common ecology of GOO followed by PUD, 9 (21%), duodenal malignancy,3 (7%), corrosive stricture, 2 (5%), advanced gallbladder carcinoma, 1 (2%) and chronic pancreatis, 1 (2%). Seventeen (39%) patients were treated by gastrojejunostomy, 14 (32%) by subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy, 5 (11%) by truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, 4 (9%) by medical management, 2 (4.5%) by feeding jejunostomy, and 2 (4.5%) were discharged on request. Complications occurred in 7 (16%) patients and mortality in 1 (2%). Twenty three (52%) patients were candidates for chemotherapy either in an adjuvant or palliative seting.ConclusionGastric malignancy was the most common cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Most of the patients in our setup presented with advanced disease and were candidates of palliative treatment only. Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 219-221
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Krishnamurthy SL, Sharma PC, Sharma DK, Ravikiran KT, Singh YP, Mishra VK, Burman D, Maji B, Mandal S, Sarangi SK, Gautam RK, Singh PK, Manohara KK, Marandi BC, Padmavathi G, Vanve PB, Patil KD, Thirumeni S, Verma OP, Khan AH, Tiwari S, Geetha S, Shakila M, Gill R, Yadav VK, Roy SKB, Prakash M, Bonifacio J, Ismail A, Gregorio GB, Singh RK. Identification of mega-environments and rice genotypes for general and specific adaptation to saline and alkaline stresses in India. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7968. [PMID: 28801586 PMCID: PMC5554213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 53 promising salt-tolerant genotypes were tested across 18 salt-affected diverse locations for three years. An attempt was made to identify ideal test locations and mega-environments using GGE biplot analysis. The CSSRI sodic environment was the most discriminating location in individual years as well as over the years and could be used to screen out unstable and salt-sensitive genotypes. Genotypes CSR36, CSR-2K-219, and CSR-2K-262 were found ideal across years. Overall, Genotypes CSR-2K-219, CSR-2K-262, and CSR-2K-242 were found superior and stable among all genotypes with higher mean yields. Different sets of genotypes emerged as winners in saline soils but not in sodic soils; however, Genotype CSR-2K-262 was the only genotype that was best under both saline and alkaline environments over the years. The lack of repeatable associations among locations and repeatable mega-environment groupings indicated the complexity of soil salinity. Hence, a multi-location and multi-year evaluation is indispensable for evaluating the test sites as well as identifying genotypes with consistently specific and wider adaptation to particular agro-climatic zones. The genotypes identified in the present study could be used for commercial cultivation across edaphically challenged areas for sustainable production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P C Sharma
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - D K Sharma
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - K T Ravikiran
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Y P Singh
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - V K Mishra
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow, India
| | - D Burman
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town, India
| | - B Maji
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town, India
| | - S Mandal
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town, India
| | - S K Sarangi
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Canning Town, India
| | - R K Gautam
- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, A & N Islands, India
| | - P K Singh
- Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, A & N Islands, India
| | - K K Manohara
- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute (CCARI), Ela, Goa, India
| | - B C Marandi
- National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - G Padmavathi
- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Telengana, India
| | - P B Vanve
- Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan KrishiVidyapeeth, Khar Land, Panvel, India
| | - K D Patil
- Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan KrishiVidyapeeth, Khar Land, Panvel, India
| | - S Thirumeni
- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, India
| | - O P Verma
- Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A H Khan
- Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Tiwari
- Rajendra Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | - S Geetha
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy, India
| | - M Shakila
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy, India
| | - R Gill
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - V K Yadav
- Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K B Roy
- Centre for Strategic Studies, Salt Lake City, India
| | - M Prakash
- Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Bonifacio
- Division of Plant Breeding, IRRI, Philippines
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KC R, Ghimire B, Singh YP. Annular pancreas presenting as gastric outlet obstruction in an adult: a case report. J Soc Surg Nepal 2017. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v17i2.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Annular pancreas is a rare congenital abnormality which arises in the embryo by persistence of pancreatic tissue in the track which the ventral pancreatic bud follows in its rotation round the duodenum. A 21 years old male was admitted because of a non bilious vomiting and epigastric fullness after intake of food. Diagnosis was confirmed with contrast enhanced CT scan of the abdomen. He successfully underwent laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy with uneventful postoperative recovery. Though rare, annular pancreas should be considered as differential diagnosis in patient presenting as gastric outlet obstruction after excluding common causes.Journal of Society of Surgeons of NepalVol. 17, No. 2, 2014, Page: 35-36
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Pradhan S, Ghimire B, Kansakar P, Bhandar RAMESHS, Lakhey PJ, Singh YP, Vaidya P, Mishra P, Singh KP. Laparoscopic management of hydatid cyst of liver. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The surgical treatment of liver hydatid disease has evolved dramatically and laparoscopic treatment has shown encouraging results with the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. We conducted this study to determine the outcome of laparoscopic management of hydatid disease of the liver.Methods: Consecutive patients with this disease reporting to our department from July 2014 to July 2015 were offered laparoscopic management. All patients received pre- and postoperative albendazole. The laparoscopic technique consisted of aspiration of the cyst fluid, sterilization, suction and drainage of the cavity, deroofing and addition of omentoplasty. Age, sex, duration of surgery, surgical morbidity, hospital stay and evidence of hydatid cyst recurrence were measured.Results: Twenty six patients had laparoscopic treatment for hepatic hydatid cysts. Females were 18 (69.2%) and males were 8 (30.8%). Mean age of patients was 37.46 ± 15.96 years (range 17-74 years). Pain was the commonest presentation occurring in 21 (80.8%).The right lobe of the liver was most commonly involved in 20 patients (76.9%). The mean cyst size was 6.77 cm (range, 5 cm to 12 cm). Minor spillage of cyst contents occurred in 5 patients (19.23%) and major spillage occurred in 1 patient (3.8%). The mean duration of surgery was 84.81 ± 28.93 minutes (range 50 – 150 minutes). Conversion was needed in 2 (7.7%). Complications included portsite infection in 2 (7.7%), bile leak in 3 (11.5 %), fever in 5 (19.2%) and chest infection in 2 (7.7%) cases. Mean hospital stay is 4.58 ± 3.40 days (range 3-16). There was no mortality in the series. The average follow-up period is 7.81 ± 2.57 months. There have been no recurrences to date however 1 patient was lost to follow up.Conclusion: Laparoscopic management of hydatid cysts of the liver is a safe and effective option with advantage of minimally invasive surgery in properly selected patients.
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Pradhan S, Ghimire B, Kansakar P, Singh YP, Vaidya P, Sayami P. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery - our initial experience. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v18i3.15269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) currently represents the gold standard in the surgical management of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) with minimal morbidity and mortality. Routine fundoplication following laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy is also being recommended to reduce the incidence of pathological gastro-oesophageal reflux after surgery. The aim of the current study was to evaluate patients receiving LARS and to assess their surgical outcomesMethods: Prospective data of all patients admitted in our department with these diseases and undergoing LARS, from May 2014 to November 2015 were reviewed. Patients with Achalasia cardia underwent Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with Dor’s fundoplication and those with GERD with hiatus hernia underwent Laparoscopic Toupet’s fundoplication. Age, sex, duration of surgery, surgical morbidity and hospital stay were recorded. Results: Eleven patients underwent LARS. Females were 5(45.5%) and males were 6 (54.5%). Mean age of patients was 36.18 ± 15.79 years (range 18-68 years). 6 patients (54.5%) underwent Laparoscopic Heller’s cardiomyotomy with Dor’s fundoplication for Achalasia cardia while 5 patients (45.5%) underwent Laparoscopic fundoplication. The median operating room time was 133.64 ± 15.66 minutes (range, 110–160). There were no conversions. The median hospital stay was 3.45±0.522 days (range, 3-4 days). No postoperative complications or preoperative deaths occurred. No patient had a perforation revealed on the postoperative contrast swallow when performed. Gastro esophageal reflux symptoms were significantly improved and severity of dysphagia was also reduced after surgery. The average follow-up period is 5.45 ± 2.67 months (range, 3- 12).Conclusion: LARS is well established technique and becoming more popular over conventional open surgery in view of its equal safety and efficacy with added advantage of less morbidity and mortality. However larger case series and long term follow up would be warranted.
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Poudyal S, Singh YP. Early warning score in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. J Soc Surg Nepal 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jssn.v17i1.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute Pancreatitisis leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A third of patientsdevelop severe pancreatitis with progressive organ dysfunction caused by systemic inflammatory response syndrome.Early identification of severe pancreatitis is essential for proper care and preventing complications. Various scoring systems have been developed to determine the severity.An ideal prognostic marker would be that is easily measurable, reproducible and cost effective. Early Warning Score is a simple physiological scoring system that can be reliably measured at the patient’s bedside. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between early warning score and severity of pancreatitis.Methods: Patients admitted with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were included. Early warning score was calculated four hourly for 72 hours. Modified Marshall Score was determined at admission and at 48 hours. Severity of acute pancreatitis as defined by revised Atlanta Classification. EWS was correlated with severity of AP. EWS≥3 for more than 48 hours were regarded as severe pancreatitis and EWS≥3 at any time was regarded as a predictor of severe pancreatitis.Results: Eighty-six patients were included with 24 (27.9%) with severe pancreatitis. The sensitivity, specificity,positive andnegative predictive valueof EWS≥3 persistent for 48 hours or more in predicting severity were 87.5%, 98.38%, 95.45% and 95.31% respectively. Correlation between EWS and severity of pancreatitis was statistically significant.Conclusion: EWS is useful as an easy and reliable prognostic marker of the evolution and complications of acute pancreatitis.Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal Vol.17(1) 2014: 16-20
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Kumar J, Singh YP, Kumar S, Singh R, Kumar R, Kumar P. Genetic analysis of reproductive performance of Frieswal cattle at Military Farm, Ambala. Vet World 2015; 8:1032-7. [PMID: 27047194 PMCID: PMC4774768 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1032-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the genetic analysis of reproductive performance of Frieswal cattle at Military Farm, Ambala. Materials and Methods: A total number of 3005 lactation records of 1147 Frieswal cows over a period of 15 years extending from 1993 to 2007 were used to study at Military Dairy Farm, Ambala. The study period was divided into 5 period of 3 years each. The average performances of reproduction traits, effect of genetic and non-genetic factors were analyzed, and estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters of reproduction traits was undertaken. Results: The age at first calving (AFC) differed significantly across the periods of calving. The AFC was lowest during the third period (1999-2001) and longest in the first period (1993-95). The effect of season and period of calving, lactation order and regression of AFC on dry period, calving interval and service period was highly significant. The effect of sire was non-significant. The heritability estimates were low for almost all the traits under study. The service period had a high genetic correlation with dry period and calving interval. The dry period also found to have a low genetic correlation with calving interval in Frieswal cows. Service period had a high phenotypic correlation with dry period and very high with a calving interval. The phenotypic correlation between the dry period and calving interval was recognized high. Conclusions: Low heritability estimate for the reproduction traits indicates that there is a very little additive genetic variance in these traits, and individual selection will not be helpful for improving them. Improvement may be brought through better feeding and management of cows by reducing the environmental variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Kumar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ghimire B, Singh YP, Timalsina S. Post operative diagnosis of early gastric cancer in a low risk population and the possibility of risk stratified screening. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2015; 12:32-7. [PMID: 25219991 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v12i1.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Though its incidence is more in Eastern Asia, it is increasing in the South Asian subcontinent. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) confined to the mucosa or submucosa, is an important concern due to a better outcome at this stage where five year survival rates could increase by 90 percent. Though mass screening is done in few countries, it has not been applied in developing countries like Nepal. Preoperative diagnosis of EGC is rare in Nepal. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinicopathological features of postoperative cases of gastric cancer managed in a tertiary care university hospital of Nepal. METHODS All patients with histological diagnosis of gastric cancer admitted in the Department of Surgery, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal during the three year period (September 2010 to August 2013) were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Ninety two patients with endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancers were admitted during the past three years. The mean age was 60 years ranging from 28 years to 85 years with the male to female ratio of 2.8:1. Five patients were younger than 40 years and all were in advanced stage. Thirty five percent of the patients belonged to Janajatis (Hill) community though they comprise only 23% of the population and about 65% of them belonged to an area involving 25% of the country. Seventy six cases were operated. Out of 92 patients, 4 patients were diagnosed as early gastric cancer postoperatively. All patients with early gastric cancer were above 50 years with CT Scan abdomen revealing focal thickening without lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION Over the years, the incidence of gastric cancer is increasing in Nepal. Though 92% are advance gastric cancers, few have been diagnosed and treated early. A screening program in a country like Nepal with diverse ethnicity and difficult terrain might be helpful if it targets high risk people in high risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ghimire
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Timalsina
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Gupta K, Bansal P, Gupta PK, Singh YP. Pregabalin premedication - A new treatment option for hemodynamic stability during general anesthesia: A prospective study. Anesth Essays Res 2015; 5:57-62. [PMID: 25885301 PMCID: PMC4173370 DOI: 10.4103/0259-1162.84192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemodynamic responses of laryngoscopy, intubation, and pain are powerful noxious stimulus which should be attenuated by the appropriate premedication, smooth induction, and rapid intubation. Context: The oral pregabalin may attenuate the hemodynamic pressor response with intraoperative hemodynamic stability. Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral pregabalin for hemodynamic stability. Settings and Design: This is a prospective blind randomized controlled cohort observation study. Materials and Methods: The 80 adult consented patients of ASA grade I and II of either gender aged 24–54 years who met the inclusion criteria were randomized to receive oral pregabalin 150 mg or placebo capsule, given 60–75 min before surgery. Patients were premedicated with metoclopramide (10 mg), glycopyrrolate (0.2 mg), and fentanyl (1 μg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and rocuronium and maintained with isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. Both groups were assessed for preoperative sedation and changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure before and after the induction and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after laryngoscopy and intubation, then at 5 min intervals till end of surgery along with postoperative complications. Statistical Analysis: The hemodynamic variables were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t test, and chi square test as appropriate. Results: Preoperative sedation was higher with pregabalin with no significant change in heart rate. The mean arterial pressure was attenuated with oral pregabalin to statistically significant value (P<0.007). The requirement of analgesic drug was reduced with no postoperative respiratory depression, nausea, or vomiting and hemodynamic parameters remained stabilized perioperatively. Conclusions: Oral pregabalin premedication effectively leads to sedation and analgesia with successful attenuation of the adverse and deleterious hemodynamic pressor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Gupta
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranav Bansal
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant K Gupta
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Imaging & Interventional Radiology, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y P Singh
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, N.S.C.B. Subharti Medical College, Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Arif M, Zaidi NW, Haq QMR, Singh YP, Taj G, Kar CS, Singh US. Morphological and comparative genomic analyses of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Fusarium solani isolated from Dalbergia sissoo. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1107-22. [PMID: 25605046 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sissoo or shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) is one of the finest wood of South Asia. Fusarium solani is a causal organism of sissoo wilt, decline, or dieback. It is also a potential causal organism associated with other valuable tree species. Thirty-eight Fusarium isolates including 24 F. solani and 14 Fusarium sp., were obtained in 2005 from different geographical locations in India. All 38 (18 pathogenic and 20 non-pathogenic) isolates were characterized for genomic analysis, growth behaviour, pigmentation and sensitivity to carbendazim. Based on growth pattern, growth rate, pigmentation and sensitivity to carbendazim, all 38 isolates showed a wide range of variability, but no correlation with pathogenicity or geographical distribution. Three techniques were used for comparative genomic analysis: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD); inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR); and simple sequence repeats (SSR). A total of 90 primers targeting different genome regions resulted a total of 1159 loci with an average of 12.88 loci per primer. These primers showed high genomic variability among the isolates. The maximum loci (14.64) per primer were obtained with RAPD. The total variation of the first five principal components for RAPD, ISSR, SSR and combined analysis were estimated as 47.42, 48.21, 46.30 and 46.78 %, respectively. Among the molecular markers, highest Pearson correlation value (r = 0.957) was recorded with combination of RAPD and SSR followed by RAPD and ISSR (r = 0.952), and SSR and ISSR (r = 0.942). The combination of these markers would be similarly effective as single marker system i.e. RAPD, ISSR and SSR. Based on polymorphic information content (PIC = 0.619) and highest coefficient (r = 0.995), RAPD was found to be the most efficient marker system compared to ISSR and SSR. This study will assist in understanding the population biology of wilt causing phytopathogen, F. solani, and in assisting with integrated disease management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Plant Pathology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India,
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Kumar A, Singh BK, Meena HS, Singh VV, Singh YP, Singh D. Cytomorphological and Molecular Characterization of F 1 Hybrids between Brassica tournefortii and B. rapa. CYTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.80.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research
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Singh SP, Kumar S, Singh YP, Singh R. Reliable screening technique for evaluation of wild crucifers against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). Indian J Exp Biol 2014; 52:1201-1205. [PMID: 25651614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild crucifers namely Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica fruticulosa, B. rugosa, B. spinescens, B. tournefortii, Camelina sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Crambe abysinnica, Cronopus didymus, Diplotaxis assurgens, D. gomez-campoi, D. muralis, D. siettiana, D. tenuisiliqua, Enatharocarpus lyratus, Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba along with five cultivated Brassica species including B. rapa (BSH-1), B. juncea (Rohini), B. napus (GSC-6), B. carinata (DLSC-2) and Eruca sativa (T-27) were screened against mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) with a standardized technique under definite level of aphid pressure developed using specially designed cages. Observations have revealed that B. fruticulosa, B. spinescens, Camelina sativa, Crambe abysinnica and Lepidium sativum were resistant to mustard aphid L. erysimi with aphid infestation index (AII) ≤ 1. Capsella bursa-pastoris was highly susceptible to bean aphid, Aphis fabae during its vegetative stage (with 100% mortality). Other genotypes were found in the range of 'susceptible' to 'highly susceptible' with AII ranging 3-5.
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Jain M, Rastogi B, Singh YP, Singh VP. Imaging for central venous cannulation: A necessity rather than luxury. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.76686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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37
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Singh YP, Sayami P. Management of breast cancer in Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2009; 48:252-257. [PMID: 20795469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women in Nepal. It is more common in young premenopausal women. Breast cancer continues to increase in incidence due to lifestyle changes in Nepalese women despite constant remarkable development in the management of this disease over the past three decades. Breast cancer was diagnosed solely clinically and surgery was the only treatment option until fifty years ago. Multidisciplinary approach has been adopted for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Nepal. Imaging is required for the diagnosis, appropriate treatment decision and proper follow up. Treatment modality depends upon the extent of the disease and tumor biology. However, there is a strong need for standard guidelines for the proper management of breast cancer in Nepal so that surgeries, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiotherapy are standardized in the country. Palliative care has been initiated to provide to some patients with metastatic breast cancer recently. The breast cancer management in Nepal is a little different when compared with the centers in the developed countries. The reasons are socioeconomic status, lack of education and lack of facilities. Although cancer care is on the rise in Nepal, the optimal facility for centers managing breast cancer has to be improved significantly.Cancer education, screening and early detection are the key elements to influence the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer in Nepal. Breast cancer awareness and clinical breast examination are important tools for early detection in our resource limited context. Breast cancer can be cured in majority of the cases if diagnosed in early stages. This review will focus on relevant patient data along with future recommendation regarding breast cancer treatment in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Singh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, TUTH, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Rashmi, Rajasekaran A, Pokhriyal R, Rashmi, Singh YP. Quantitative Estimation of Berberine in Roots of Different provenances ofBerberis aristataDC by HPLC and Study of their Antifungal Properties. Pharmacogn Mag 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.58566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Blood glutathione was estimated in fifty patients of head and neck cancer in the age group of 18-76 years and the results were compared with a group of normal healthy controls. Mean blood glutathione level was found to be significantly lowered in patients than the controls. Irrespective of the site, TNM classification, histopathology, and character of lesion, fall in blood glutathione was nearly same in all the patients. The mean level was significantly increased after radiotherapy when compared with the levels before radiotherapy. The decreased levels of GSH in-patients with head and neck cancer, observed in the present study, may be due to its increased utilization by the cells. The results suggest that patients with head and neck cancer have increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Pt.B.D. Sharma PostGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India ; Department of ENT, Pt.B.D. Sharma PostGraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana India
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Sias C, Lignier H, Singh YP, Zenesini A, Ciampini D, Morsch O, Arimondo E. Observation of photon-assisted tunneling in optical lattices. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:040404. [PMID: 18352245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have observed tunneling suppression and photon-assisted tunneling of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice subjected to a constant force plus a sinusoidal shaking. For a sufficiently large constant force, the ground energy levels of the lattice are shifted out of resonance and tunneling is suppressed; when the shaking is switched on, the levels are coupled by low-frequency photons and tunneling resumes. Our results agree well with theoretical predictions and demonstrate the usefulness of optical lattices for studying solid-state phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sias
- CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Singh YP, Sarma PK, Agarwal V, Lawrence A, Aggarwal A, Misra R. DRA1 Wegener's granulomatosis: experience at a tertiary care centre. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Verma VK, Singh YP, Rai JPN. Biogas production from plant biomass used for phytoremediation of industrial wastes. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1664-9. [PMID: 16831546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In present study, potentials of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water chestnut (Trapa bispinnosa) employed for phytoremediation of toxic metal rich brass and electroplating industry effluent, were examined in terms of biogas generation. Inability of the plants to grow in undiluted effluent directed to select 20%, 40% and 60% effluent concentrations (with deionized water) for phytoremediation experiments. Slurry of both the plants used for phytoremediation produced significantly more biogas than that by the control plants grown in unpolluted water; the effect being more pronounced with plants used for phytoremediation of 20% effluent. Maximum cumulative production of biogas (2430c.c./100gdm of water hyacinth and 1940c.c./100gdm of water chest nut) and per cent methane content (63.82% for water hyacinth and 57.04% for water chestnut) was observed at 5mm particle size and 1:1 substrate/inoculum ratio, after twenty days incubation. Biogas production was quicker (maximum from 8-12days) in water hyacinth than in water chestnut (maximum from 12-16days). The qualitative and quantitative variations in biogas production were correlated with COD, C, N, C/N ratio and toxic metal contents of the slurry used.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Verma
- Ecotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India
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Karra R, Singh YP, Rai AK. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF SOME NEW PHENYLARSENIC(III) DERIVATIVES OF N(-SUBSTITUTED) S-BENZYL DITHIOCARBAZATES. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500008076536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Karra
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, 302 004, INDIA
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, 302 004, INDIA
| | - A. K. Rai
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, 302 004, INDIA
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Misra D, Kadhane U, Singh YP, Tribedi LC, Fainstein PD, Richard P. Interference effect in electron emission in heavy ion collisions with h2 detected by comparison with the measured electron spectrum from atomic hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:153201. [PMID: 15169285 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence of the interference effect in the electron emission spectra from ionization of molecular hydrogen in collisions with bare C and F ions at relatively low collision energies is presented. Oscillations due to the interference are deduced by comparing the measured double differential cross sections of the electrons emitted from molecular hydrogen to those emitted from atomic hydrogen, rather than using the calculated cross sections for H as in a previous report. We believe these experimental data provide stronger support for the evidence of the interference effect. We show that it is not only a feature of very high energy collisions, but also a feature to be observed in relatively lower energy collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Misra
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, India
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Chemmanam T, Pandian JD, Singh YP, Pandhi M. Non-convulsive status epilepticus: a rare presentation of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Neurol India 2003; 51:531-3. [PMID: 14742940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a boy with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) who presented with features of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). This case highlights the fact that NCSE, even though not a common occurrence in JME, should be kept in mind when a patient with previous history of seizures presents with subtle changes in sensorium with no obvious cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chemmanam
- Department of Neurology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana-141008, India
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Sharma RK, Sharma RK, Rai AK, Singh YP. Organobismuth(III) Derivatives of Sterically Hindered Bifunctional Tetradentate Schiff Bases: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500307838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kadhane U, Misra D, Singh YP, Tribedi LC. Effect of collective response on electron capture and excitation in collisions of highly charged ions with fullerenes. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:093401. [PMID: 12689221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Projectile deexcitation Lyman x-ray emission following electron capture and K excitation has been studied in collisions of bare and Li-like sulphur ions (of energy 110 MeV) with fullerenes (C(60)/C(70)) and different gaseous targets. The intensity ratios of different Lyman x-ray lines in collisions with fullerenes are found to be substantially lower than those for the gas targets, both for capture and excitation. This has been explained in terms of a model based on "solidlike" effect, namely, wakefield induced stark mixing of the excited states populated via electron capture or K excitation: a collective phenomenon of plasmon excitation in the fullerenes under the influence of heavy, highly charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kadhane
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai-400005, India
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Kaushik A, Singh YP, Rai AK. Synthesis and Characterisation of N-Alkyl-2-Mercaptoacetamide Complexes of Gallium (III). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500108546639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kaushik
- a Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- b Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- c Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
| | - Yash Pal Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- b Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- c Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
| | - Audhesh K. Rai
- a Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- b Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
- c Department of Chemistry , MLV Textile Institute , Bhilwara – 311 001, (INDIA)
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