1
|
Abstract
For decades, considerable efforts have been expended for solving the molecular mechanisms of disease progression. An important clue to tackle this question is the circadian clock. Recent findings have uncovered previously unknown molecular connections between circadian clock and disease incidence, consequently causing the aging process. Furthermore, "chronotherapy" is emerging as a new concept of optimizing the time of the day for drug administration according to target gene expressions in order to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize the side effects. This concept will help cure patients and prevent them from suffering evitable pain and side effects. This JB special issue "Molecular connections between circadian clock and health/aging" discusses how the circadian clocks link to health and aging from molecular to organismal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed R, Reza HM, Shinohara K, Nakahata Y. Cellular Senescence and its Impact on the Circadian Clock. J Biochem 2021; 171:493-500. [PMID: 34668549 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, and cellular senescence is one of the major causes of aging and age-related diseases. The persistent presence of senescent cells in late life seems to cause disarray in a tissue-specific manner. Aging disrupts the circadian clock system, which results in the development of many age-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiac diseases, and sleep disorders and an increased susceptibility to infections. In this review, we first discuss cellular senescence and some of its basic characteristics and detrimental roles. Then, we discuss a relatively unexplored topic on the link between cellular senescence and the circadian clock and attempt to determine whether cellular senescence could be the underlying factor for circadian clock disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ashimori A, Nakahata Y, Sato T, Fukamizu Y, Matsui T, Yoshitane H, Fukada Y, Shinohara K, Bessho Y. Attenuated SIRT1 Activity Leads to PER2 Cytoplasmic Localization and Dampens the Amplitude of Bmal1 Promoter-Driven Circadian Oscillation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:647589. [PMID: 34108855 PMCID: PMC8180908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.647589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock possesses robust systems to maintain the rhythm approximately 24 h, from cellular to organismal levels, whereas aging is known to be one of the risk factors linked to the alternation of circadian physiology and behavior. The amount of many metabolites in the cells/body is altered with the aging process, and the most prominent metabolite among them is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is associated with posttranslational modifications of acetylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation status of circadian clock proteins and decreases with aging. However, how low NAD+ condition in cells, which mimics aged or pathophysiological conditions, affects the circadian clock is largely unknown. Here, we show that low NAD+ in cultured cells promotes PER2 to be retained in the cytoplasm through the NAD+/SIRT1 axis, which leads to the attenuated amplitude of Bmal1 promoter-driven luciferase oscillation. We found that, among the core clock proteins, PER2 is mainly affected in its subcellular localization by NAD+ amount, and a higher cytoplasmic PER2 localization was observed under low NAD+ condition. We further found that NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 is the regulator of PER2 subcellular localization. Thus, we anticipate that the altered PER2 subcellular localization by low NAD+ is one of the complex changes that occurs in the aged circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushige Ashimori
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fukamizu
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Hikari Yoshitane
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fukada
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aoyama S, Nakahata Y, Shinohara K. Chrono-Nutrition Has Potential in Preventing Age-Related Muscle Loss and Dysfunction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659883. [PMID: 33935640 PMCID: PMC8085298 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock systems regulate the day-night variation of several physiological functions such as the sleep/wake cycle and core body temperature. Disturbance in the circadian clock due to shiftwork and chronic jetlag is related to the risk of several disorders such as metabolic syndrome and cancer. Recently, it has been thought that shiftwork increases the risk of sarcopenia which is characterized by age-related decline of muscle mass and its dysfunctions including muscle strength and/or physical performance. First, we summarize the association between circadian rhythm and the occurrence of sarcopenia and discuss its mechanistic insight by focusing on the muscle function and molecular clock gene in knockout or mutant mice. The clock gene knockout or mutant mice showed early aging phenotypes, including low survival rate and muscle loss. It suggests that improvement in the disturbance of the circadian clock plays an important role in the aging process of healthy muscles. Nutritional intake has the potential to augment muscle growth and entrain the peripheral clock. Second, we discuss the potential of chrono-nutrition in preventing aging-related muscle loss and dysfunction. We also focus on the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) and the distribution of protein intake across three meals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aoyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khaidizar FD, Bessho Y, Nakahata Y. Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Key Molecule of the Aging/Senescence Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3709. [PMID: 33918226 PMCID: PMC8037941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a phenomenon underlined by complex molecular and biochemical changes that occur over time. One of the metabolites that is gaining strong research interest is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, whose cellular level has been shown to decrease with age in various tissues of model animals and humans. Administration of NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR), to supplement NAD+ production through the NAD+ salvage pathway has been demonstrated to slow down aging processes in mice. Therefore, NAD+ is a critical metabolite now understood to mitigate age-related tissue function decline and prevent age-related diseases in aging animals. In human clinical trials, administration of NAD+ precursors to the elderly is being used to address systemic age-associated physiological decline. Among NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in mammals, the NAD+ salvage pathway is the dominant pathway in most of tissues, and NAMPT is the rate limiting enzyme of this pathway. However, only a few activators of NAMPT, which are supposed to increase NAD+, have been developed so far. In this review, we will focus on the importance of NAD+ and the possible application of an activator of NAMPT to promote successive aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiqri D. Khaidizar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma 630-0101, Japan;
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed R, Nakahata Y, Shinohara K, Bessho Y. Cellular Senescence Triggers Altered Circadian Clocks With a Prolonged Period and Delayed Phases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:638122. [PMID: 33568972 PMCID: PMC7868379 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.638122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells, which show the permanent growth arrest in response to various forms of stress, accumulate in the body with the progression of age, and are associated with aging and age-associated diseases. Although the senescent cells are growth arrested, they still demonstrate high metabolic rate and altered gene expressions, indicating that senescent cells are still active. We recently showed that the circadian clock properties, namely phase and period of the cells, are altered with the establishment of replicative senescence. However, whether cellular senescence triggers the alteration of circadian clock properties in the cells is still unknown. In this study we show that the oxidative stress-induced premature senescence induces the alterations of the circadian clock, similar to the phenotypes of the replicative senescent cells. We found that the oxidative stress-induced premature senescent cells display the prolonged period and delayed phases. In addition, the magnitude of these changes intensified over time, indicating that cellular senescence changes the circadian clock properties. Our current results corroborate with our previous findings and further confirm that cellular senescence induces altered circadian clock properties, irrespective of the replicative senescence or the stress-induced premature senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Ahmed
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Masri S, Nakahata Y, Eckel-Mahan K. Paolo Sassone-Corsi. J Biol Rhythms 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730420962657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Nuriliani A, Nakahata Y, Ahmed R, Khaidizar FD, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Over-expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in mouse cells confers protective effect against oxidative and ER stress-induced premature senescence. Genes Cells 2020; 25:593-602. [PMID: 32533606 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A main feature of aged organisms is the accumulation of senescent cells. Accumulated senescent cells, especially stress-induced premature senescent cells, in aged organisms lead to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. We recently reported that the over-expression of NAMPT, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ salvage pathway, delays replicative senescence in vitro. However, whether Nampt-overexpressing cells are tolerant of stress-induced premature senescence remains unknown. Here, we show that primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Nampt-overexpressing transgenic mice (Nampt Tg-MEF cells) possess resistance against stress-induced premature senescence in vitro. We found that higher oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is required to induce premature senescence in Nampt Tg-MEF cells compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, we found that Nampt Tg-MEF cells show acute expression of unfolded protein response (UPR)-related genes, which in turn would have helped to restore proteostasis and avoid cellular senescence. Our results demonstrate that NAMPT/NAD+ axis functions to protect cells not only from replicative senescence, but also from stress-induced premature senescence in vitro. We anticipate that in vivo activation of NAMPT activity or increment of NAD+ would protect tissues from the accumulation of premature senescent cells, thereby maintaining healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ardaning Nuriliani
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Structure and Development, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rezwana Ahmed
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fiqri D Khaidizar
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed R, Ashimori A, Iwamoto S, Matsui T, Nakahata Y, Bessho Y. Replicative senescent human cells possess altered circadian clocks with a prolonged period and delayed peak-time. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:950-973. [PMID: 30738414 PMCID: PMC6382424 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a wide array of evidence has been accumulated that disruption of circadian clock is prone to cause age-related diseases and premature aging. On the other hand, aging has been identified as one of the risk factors linked to the alteration of circadian clock. These evidences suggest that the processes of aging and circadian clock feedback on each other at the animal level. However, at the cellular level, we recently revealed that the primary fibroblast cells derived from Bmal1-/- mouse embryo, in which circadian clock is completely disrupted, do not demonstrate the acceleration of cellular aging, i.e., cellular senescence. In addition, little is known about the impact of cellular senescence on circadian clock. In this study, we show for the first time that senescent cells possess a longer circadian period with delayed peak-time and that the variability in peak-time is wider in the senescent cells compared to their proliferative counterparts, indicating that senescent cells show alterations of circadian clock. We, furthermore, propose that investigation at cellular level is a powerful and useful approach to dissect molecular mechanisms of aging in the circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Ahmed
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushige Ashimori
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hayashi S, Nakahata Y, Kohno K, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Presomitic mesoderm-specific expression of the transcriptional repressor Hes7 is controlled by E-box, T-box, and Notch signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12167-12176. [PMID: 29895619 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somites are a pair of epithelial spheres beside a neural tube and are formed with an accurate periodicity during embryogenesis in vertebrates. It has been known that Hes7 is one of the core clock genes for somitogenesis, and its expression domain is restricted in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). However, the molecular mechanism of how Hes7 transcription is regulated is not clear. Here, using transgenic mice and luciferase-based reporter assays and in vitro binding assays, we unravel the mechanism by which Hes7 is expressed exclusively in the PSM. We identified a Hes7 essential region residing -1.5 to -1.1 kb from the transcription start site of mouse Hes7, and this region was indispensable for PSM-specific Hes7 expression. We also present detailed analyses of cis-regulatory elements within the Hes7 essential region that directs Hes7 expression in the PSM. Hes7 expression in the PSM was up-regulated through the E-box, T-box, and RBPj-binding element in the Hes7 essential region, presumably through synergistic signaling involving mesogenin1, T-box6 (Tbx6), and Notch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Tbx18, Ripply2, and Hes7 repress the activation of the Hes7 essential region by the aforementioned transcription factors. Our findings reveal that a unified transcriptional regulatory network involving a Hes7 essential region confers robust PSM-specific Hes7 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nakahata Y, Yasukawa S, Khaidizar FD, Shimba S, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Bmal1-deficient mouse fibroblast cells do not provide premature cellular senescence in vitro. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:730-738. [PMID: 29372841 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1430038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bmal1 is a core circadian clock gene. Bmal1-/- mice show disruption of the clock and premature aging phenotypes with a short lifespan. However, little is known whether disruption of Bmal1 leads to premature aging at cellular level. Here, we established primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells derived from Bmal1-/- mice and investigated its effects on cellular senescence. Unexpectedly, Bmal1-/- primary MEFs that showed disrupted circadian oscillation underwent neither premature replicative nor stress-induced cellular senescence. Our results therefore uncover that Bmal1 is not required for in vitro cellular senescence, suggesting that circadian clock does not control in vitro cellular senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shiori Yasukawa
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Fiqri Dizar Khaidizar
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- b Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy , Nihon University , Funabashi , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- a Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences , Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) , Ikoma, Nara , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khaidizar FD, Nakahata Y, Kume A, Sumizawa K, Kohno K, Matsui T, Bessho Y. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase delays cellular senescence by upregulating SIRT1 activity and antioxidant gene expression in mouse cells. Genes Cells 2017; 22:982-992. [PMID: 29178516 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in tissues of aged animals and deteriorate tissue functions. The elimination of senescent cells from aged mice not only attenuates progression of already established age-related disorders, but also extends median lifespan. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in mammalian NAD+ salvage pathway, has shown a protective effect on cellular senescence of human primary cells. However, it still remains unclear how NAMPT has a protective impact on aging in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that primary mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells undergo progressive decline of NAMPT and NAD+ contents during serial passaging before becoming senescent. Furthermore, we showed that constitutive Nampt over-expression increases cellular NAD+ content and delays cellular senescence of MEF cells in vitro. We further found that constitutive Nampt over-expression increases SIRT1 activity, increases the expression of antioxidant genes, superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase and promotes resistance against oxidative stress. These findings suggest that Nampt over-expression in MEF cells delays cellular senescence by the mitigation of oxidative stress via the upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase gene expressions by SIRT1 activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiqri D Khaidizar
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Kume
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Sumizawa
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Kohno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Genetics, Graduate School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Research Initiatives, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Takaaki Matsui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Bessho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tamaru T, Hattori M, Honda K, Nakahata Y, Sassone-Corsi P, van der Horst GTJ, Ozawa T, Takamatsu K. CRY Drives Cyclic CK2-Mediated BMAL1 Phosphorylation to Control the Mammalian Circadian Clock. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002293. [PMID: 26562092 PMCID: PMC4642984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular circadian clocks, composed of clock genes that act in transcription-translation feedback loops, drive global rhythmic expression of the mammalian transcriptome and allow an organism to anticipate to the momentum of the day. Using a novel clock-perturbing peptide, we established a pivotal role for casein kinase (CK)-2-mediated circadian BMAL1-Ser90 phosphorylation (BMAL1-P) in regulating central and peripheral core clocks. Subsequent analysis of the underlying mechanism showed a novel role of CRY as a repressor for protein kinase. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and real-time monitoring of protein-protein interactions revealed that CRY-mediated periodic binding of CK2β to BMAL1 inhibits BMAL1-Ser90 phosphorylation by CK2α. The FAD binding domain of CRY1, two C-terminal BMAL1 domains, and particularly BMAL1-Lys537 acetylation/deacetylation by CLOCK/SIRT1, were shown to be critical for CRY-mediated BMAL1-CK2β binding. Reciprocally, BMAL1-Ser90 phosphorylation is prerequisite for BMAL1-Lys537 acetylation. We propose a dual negative-feedback model in which a CRY-dependent CK2-driven posttranslational BMAL1-P-BMAL1 loop is an integral part of the core clock oscillator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Tamaru
- Department of Physiology and Advanced Research Center for Medical Science, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kousuke Honda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | | | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Takamatsu
- Department of Physiology and Advanced Research Center for Medical Science, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsujimura K, Irie K, Nakashima H, Egashira Y, Fukao Y, Fujiwara M, Itoh M, Uesaka M, Imamura T, Nakahata Y, Yamashita Y, Abe T, Takamori S, Nakashima K. miR-199a Links MeCP2 with mTOR Signaling and Its Dysregulation Leads to Rett Syndrome Phenotypes. Cell Rep 2015; 12:1887-901. [PMID: 26344767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by MECP2 mutations. Although emerging evidence suggests that MeCP2 deficiency is associated with dysregulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which functions as a hub for various signaling pathways, the mechanism underlying this association and the molecular pathophysiology of RTT remain elusive. We show here that MeCP2 promotes the posttranscriptional processing of particular microRNAs (miRNAs) as a component of the microprocessor Drosha complex. Among the MeCP2-regulated miRNAs, we found that miR-199a positively controls mTOR signaling by targeting inhibitors for mTOR signaling. miR-199a and its targets have opposite effects on mTOR activity, ameliorating and inducing RTT neuronal phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, genetic deletion of miR-199a-2 led to a reduction of mTOR activity in the brain and recapitulated numerous RTT phenotypes in mice. Together, these findings establish miR-199a as a critical downstream target of MeCP2 in RTT pathogenesis by linking MeCP2 with mTOR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tsujimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Koichiro Irie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Egashira
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Plant Global Education Project, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan; Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujiwara
- Plant Global Education Project, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uesaka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakahata
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takamori
- Laboratory of Neural Membrane Biology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nitanda Y, Matsui T, Matta T, Higami A, Kohno K, Nakahata Y, Bessho Y. 3'-UTR-dependent regulation of mRNA turnover is critical for differential distribution patterns of cyclic gene mRNAs. FEBS J 2013; 281:146-56. [PMID: 24165510 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Somite segmentation, a prominent periodic event in the development of vertebrates, is instructed by cyclic expression of several genes, including Hes7 and Lunatic fringe (Lfng). Transcriptional regulation accounts for the cyclic expression. In addition, because the expression patterns vary in a cycle, rapid turnover of mRNAs should be involved in the cyclic expression, although its contribution remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 3'-UTR-dependent rapid turnover of Lfng and Hes7 plays a critical role in their dynamic expression patterns. The regions active in the transcription of Lfng and Hes7 are wholly overlapped in the posterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM) of the mouse embryo. However, their distribution patterns are slightly different; Hes7 mRNA shows a broader distribution pattern than Lfng mRNA in the posterior PSM. Lfng mRNA is less stable than Hes7 mRNA, where their 3'-UTRs are responsible for the different stability. Using transgenic mice expressing Venus under the control of the Hes7 promoter, which leads to cyclic transcription in the PSM, we reveal that the Lfng 3'-UTR provides the narrow distribution pattern of Lfng mRNA, whereas the Hes7 3'-UTR contributes the relatively broad distribution pattern of Hes7 mRNA. Thus, we conclude that 3'-UTR-dependent mRNA stability accounts for the differential distribution patterns of Lfng and Hes7 mRNA. Our findings suggest that 3'-UTR-dependent regulation of mRNA turnover plays a crucial role in the diverse patterns of mRNA distribution during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Nitanda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation Research, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ishigaki T, Asai Y, Nakahata Y, Shimada H, Baba Y, Toda K. Evacuation of aged persons from inundated underground space. Water Sci Technol 2010; 62:1807-1812. [PMID: 20962396 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Underground is an important space that supports function of cities, such as subways, shopping malls and basement parking. However in consequence a new type of disaster, the "urban flood" menaces these spaces. In the last decade, urban floods struck Tokyo, Nagoya and Fukuoka. When underground inundation occurs, people must evacuate to the ground as soon as possible. But, when such an inundation situation happens, aged persons may not be able to evacuate quickly to ground level. In this paper, the method of safety assessment for aged persons is discussed on the experimental results and flood simulation data in an underground space. As a criterion of the safety evacuation, the specific force per unit width is used in this study. From the result of experiments, it is difficult to implement safety evacuation when the specific force per unit width is over 0.100 m(2) for the aged male.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Ishigaki
- Faculty of Environmental and Urban Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Many metabolic and physiological processes display circadian oscillations. We have shown that the core circadian regulator, CLOCK, is a histone acetyltransferase whose activity is counterbalanced by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1. Here we show that intracellular NAD+ levels cycle with a 24-hour rhythm, an oscillation driven by the circadian clock. CLOCK:BMAL1 regulates the circadian expression of NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), an enzyme that provides a rate-limiting step in the NAD+ salvage pathway. SIRT1 is recruited to the Nampt promoter and contributes to the circadian synthesis of its own coenzyme. Using the specific inhibitor FK866, we demonstrated that NAMPT is required to modulate circadian gene expression. Our findings in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveal an interlocked transcriptional-enzymatic feedback loop that governs the molecular interplay between cellular metabolism and circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Saurabh Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Milota Kaluzova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grimaldi B, Nakahata Y, Kaluzova M, Masubuchi S, Sassone-Corsi P. Chromatin remodeling, metabolism and circadian clocks: the interplay of CLOCK and SIRT1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 41:81-6. [PMID: 18817890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern a wide variety of physiological and metabolic functions in almost all organisms. These are controlled by the circadian clock machinery, which is mostly based on transcriptional-translational feedback loops. Importantly, 10-15% of the mammalian transcripts oscillate in a circadian manner. The complex program of gene expression that characterizes circadian physiology is possible through dynamic changes in chromatin transitions. These remodeling events are therefore of great importance to insure the proper timing and extent of circadian regulation. Recent advances in the field have revealed unexpected links between circadian regulators, chromatin remodeling and cellular metabolism. Specifically, the central clock protein CLOCK has HAT enzymatic properties. It directs acetylation of histone H3 and of its dimerization partner BMAL1 at K537, an event essential for circadian function. In addition, the HDAC activity of the NAD(+)-dependent SIRT1 enzyme is regulated in a circadian manner. It has been proposed that SIRT1 functions as an enzymatic rheostat of circadian function, transducing signals originated by cellular metabolites to the circadian clock. Thus, a specialized program of chromatin remodeling appears to be at the core of the circadian machinery.
Collapse
|
19
|
Nakahata Y, Kaluzova M, Grimaldi B, Sahar S, Hirayama J, Chen D, Guarente LP, Sassone-Corsi P. The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 modulates CLOCK-mediated chromatin remodeling and circadian control. Cell 2008; 134:329-40. [PMID: 18662547 PMCID: PMC3526943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1028] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern a large array of metabolic and physiological functions. The central clock protein CLOCK has HAT properties. It directs acetylation of histone H3 and of its dimerization partner BMAL1 at Lys537, an event essential for circadian function. We show that the HDAC activity of the NAD(+)-dependent SIRT1 enzyme is regulated in a circadian manner, correlating with rhythmic acetylation of BMAL1 and H3 Lys9/Lys14 at circadian promoters. SIRT1 associates with CLOCK and is recruited to the CLOCK:BMAL1 chromatin complex at circadian promoters. Genetic ablation of the Sirt1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 activity lead to disturbances in the circadian cycle and in the acetylation of H3 and BMAL1. Finally, using liver-specific SIRT1 mutant mice we show that SIRT1 contributes to circadian control in vivo. We propose that SIRT1 functions as an enzymatic rheostat of circadian function, transducing signals originated by cellular metabolites to the circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Milota Kaluzova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benedetto Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Saurabh Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Danica Chen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leonard P. Guarente
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakahata Y, Yoshida M, Takano A, Soma H, Yamamoto T, Yasuda A, Nakatsu T, Takumi T. A direct repeat of E-box-like elements is required for cell-autonomous circadian rhythm of clock genes. BMC Mol Biol 2008; 9:1. [PMID: 18177499 PMCID: PMC2254435 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian expression of the mammalian clock genes is based on transcriptional feedback loops. Two basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS (for Period-Arnt-Sim) domain-containing transcriptional activators, CLOCK and BMAL1, are known to regulate gene expression by interacting with a promoter element termed the E-box (CACGTG). The non-canonical E-boxes or E-box-like sequences have also been reported to be necessary for circadian oscillation. RESULTS We report a new cis-element required for cell-autonomous circadian transcription of clock genes. This new element consists of a canonical E-box or a non-canonical E-box and an E-box-like sequence in tandem with the latter with a short interval, 6 base pairs, between them. We demonstrate that both E-box or E-box-like sequences are needed to generate cell-autonomous oscillation. We also verify that the spacing nucleotides with constant length between these 2 E-elements are crucial for robust oscillation. Furthermore, by in silico analysis we conclude that several clock and clock-controlled genes possess a direct repeat of the E-box-like elements in their promoter region. CONCLUSION We propose a novel possible mechanism regulated by double E-box-like elements, not to a single E-box, for circadian transcriptional oscillation. The direct repeat of the E-box-like elements identified in this study is the minimal required element for the generation of cell-autonomous transcriptional oscillation of clock and clock-controlled genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayumi Yoshida
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takano
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Soma
- Life Science Laboratory, Material Laboratories, Sony Corporation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 144-0001, Japan
| | - Takuro Yamamoto
- Life Science Laboratory, Material Laboratories, Sony Corporation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 144-0001, Japan
| | - Akio Yasuda
- Life Science Laboratory, Material Laboratories, Sony Corporation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 144-0001, Japan
| | - Toru Nakatsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hirayama J, Sahar S, Grimaldi B, Tamaru T, Takamatsu K, Nakahata Y, Sassone-Corsi P. CLOCK-mediated acetylation of BMAL1 controls circadian function. Nature 2007; 450:1086-90. [PMID: 18075593 DOI: 10.1038/nature06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of circadian physiology relies on the interplay of interconnected transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The CLOCK-BMAL1 complex activates clock-controlled genes, including cryptochromes (Crys), the products of which act as repressors by interacting directly with CLOCK-BMAL1. We have demonstrated that CLOCK possesses intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity and that this enzymatic function contributes to chromatin-remodelling events implicated in circadian control of gene expression. Here we show that CLOCK also acetylates a non-histone substrate: its own partner, BMAL1, is specifically acetylated on a unique, highly conserved Lys 537 residue. BMAL1 undergoes rhythmic acetylation in mouse liver, with a timing that parallels the downregulation of circadian transcription of clock-controlled genes. BMAL1 acetylation facilitates recruitment of CRY1 to CLOCK-BMAL1, thereby promoting transcriptional repression. Importantly, ectopic expression of a K537R-mutated BMAL1 is not able to rescue circadian rhythmicity in a cellular model of peripheral clock. These findings reveal that the enzymatic interplay between two clock core components is crucial for the circadian machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine 92697-4625, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakahata Y, Grimaldi B, Sahar S, Hirayama J, Sassone-Corsi P. Signaling to the circadian clock: plasticity by chromatin remodeling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2007; 19:230-7. [PMID: 17317138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern several fundamental physiological functions in almost all organisms, from prokaryotes to humans. The circadian clocks are intrinsic time-tracking systems with which organisms can anticipate environmental changes and adapt to the appropriate time of day. In mammals, circadian rhythms are generated in pacemaker neurons within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), a small area of the hypothalamus, and are entrained by environmental cues, principally light. Disruption of these rhythms can profoundly influence human health, being linked to depression, insomnia, jet lag, coronary heart disease and a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. It is now well established that circadian clocks operate via transcriptional feedback autoregulatory loops that involve the products of circadian clock genes. Furthermore, peripheral tissues also contain independent clocks, whose oscillatory function is orchestrated by the SCN. The complex program of gene expression that characterizes circadian physiology involves dynamic changes in chromatin transitions. These remodeling events are therefore of great importance to ensure the proper timing and extent of circadian regulation. How signaling influences chromatin remodeling through histone modifications is therefore highly relevant in the context of circadian oscillation. Recent advances in the field have revealed unexpected links between circadian regulators, chromatin remodeling and cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grimaldi B, Nakahata Y, Sahar S, Kaluzova M, Gauthier D, Pham K, Patel N, Hirayama J, Sassone-Corsi P. Chromatin remodeling and circadian control: master regulator CLOCK is an enzyme. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2007; 72:105-12. [PMID: 18419267 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2007.72.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery that governs circadian rhythmicity is based on clock gene products organized in regulatory feedback loops. Recently, we have shown that CLOCK, a master circadian regulator, has histone acetyltransferase activity essential for clock gene expression. The Lys-14 residue of histone H3 is a preferential target of CLOCK-mediated acetylation. As the role of chromatin remodeling in eukaryotic transcription is well recognized, this finding identified unforeseen links between histone acetylation and cellular physiology. Indeed, we have shown that the enzymatic function of CLOCK drives circadian control. We reasoned that CLOCK's acetyltransferase activity could also target nonhistone proteins, a feature displayed by other HATs. Indeed, CLOCK also acetylates a nonhistone substrate: its own partner, BMAL1. This protein undergoes rhythmic acetylation in the mouse liver, with a timing that parallels the down-regulation of circadian transcription of clock-controlled genes. BMAL1 is specifically acetylated on a unique, highly conserved Lys-537 residue. This acetylation facilitates recruitment of the repressor CRY1 to BMAL1, indicating that CLOCK may intervene in negative circadian regulation. Our findings reveal that the enzymatic interplay between two clock core components is crucial for the circadian machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakahata Y, Akashi M, Trcka D, Yasuda A, Takumi T. The in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system identifies potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks. BMC Mol Biol 2006; 7:5. [PMID: 16483373 PMCID: PMC1386696 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are endogenous, self-sustained oscillations with approximately 24-hr rhythmicity that are manifested in various physiological and metabolic processes. The circadian organization of these processes in mammals is governed by the master oscillator within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Recent findings revealed that circadian oscillators exist in most organs, tissues, and even in immortalized cells, and that the oscillators in peripheral tissues are likely to be coordinated by SCN, the master oscillator. Some candidates for endogenous entrainment factors have sporadically been reported, however, their details remain mainly obscure. RESULTS We developed the in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system (IV-ROMS) by measuring the activity of luciferase coupled to the oscillatory gene promoter using photomultiplier tubes and applied this system to screen and identify factors able to influence circadian rhythmicity. Using this IV-ROMS as the primary screening of entrainment factors for circadian clocks, we identified 12 candidates as the potential entrainment factor in a total of 299 peptides and bioactive lipids. Among them, four candidates (endothelin-1, all-trans retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, and 13-cis retinoic acid) have already been reported as the entrainment factors in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that one of the novel candidates, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a natural ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), triggers the rhythmic expression of endogenous clock genes in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, we showed that 15d-PGJ2 transiently induces Cry1, Cry2, and Roralpha mRNA expressions and that 15d-PGJ2-induced entrainment signaling pathway is PPAR-gamma--and MAPKs (ERK, JNK, p38MAPK)-independent. CONCLUSION Here, we identified 15d-PGJ2 as an entrainment factor in vitro. Using our developed IV-ROMS to screen 299 compounds, we found eight novel and four known molecules to be potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks, indicating that this assay system is a powerful and useful tool in initial screenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makoto Akashi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Daniel Trcka
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Akio Yasuda
- Life Science Laboratory, Material Laboratories, Sony Corporation, Shinagawa, Tokyo 144-0001, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Osaka Bioscience Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yamamoto T, Nakahata Y, Tanaka M, Yoshida M, Soma H, Shinohara K, Yasuda A, Mamine T, Takumi T. Acute physical stress elevates mouse period1 mRNA expression in mouse peripheral tissues via a glucocorticoid-responsive element. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:42036-43. [PMID: 16249183 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m509600200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian and stress systems (both centers of which are located in the hypothalamus) are involved in adaptation to predictable and unpredictable environmental stimuli, respectively. Although the interaction and relationship between these two systems are intriguing and have been studied in different ways since the "pre-clock gene" era, the molecular interaction between them remains largely unknown. Here, we show by systematic molecular biological analysis that acute physical stress elevated only Period1 (Per1) mRNA expression in mouse peripheral organs. Although behavioral rhythms in vivo and peripheral molecular clocks are rather stable against acute restraint stress, the results of a series of promoter analyses, including chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, indicate that a glucocorticoid-responsive element in the Per1 promoter is indispensable for induction of this mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that Per1 can be a potential stress marker and that a third pathway of Per1 transcriptional control may exist in addition to the clock-regulated CLOCK-BMAL1/E-box and light-responsive cAMP-responsive element-binding protein/cAMP-responsive element pathways.
Collapse
|
26
|
Taniguchi H, Okumura N, Hamada J, Inagaki M, Nakahata Y, Sano SI, Nagai K. Cold exposure induces tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT through NMDA receptors in the rat hypothalamus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 319:178-84. [PMID: 15158458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus has a central role in maintaining homeostases of physiological conditions including body temperature and energy balance. To examine molecular responses to cold exposure in the hypothalamus, we examined changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus after acute cold exposure in rats. It was found that brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (BIT, also called SHPS-1, SIRPalpha or p84), a transmembrane glycoprotein with two ITIM motifs, showed enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation after cold exposure. Its tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cold exposure was also found in other hypothalamic nuclei including the paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, ventromedial hypothalamus, and arcuate nucleus. This phosphorylation was blocked by AP-5, an NMDA receptor antagonist, indicating that it was mediated by NMDA receptors. These results suggest that BIT is involved in the mechanism of neuronal responses to cold exposure in the hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Taniguchi
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BIT is a transmembrane glycoprotein with three immunoglobulin-like domains in its extracellular region and tyrosine phosphorylation sites in its cytosolic region. We have previously shown that BIT was tyrosine phosphorylated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to light exposure during the dark period, and suggested that it was involved in the light entrainment of the circadian clock. To further investigate the function of BIT in the nervous system, we examined the effect of photic stimulation on its tyrosine phosphorylation in the rat retina. It was found that the tyrosine phosphorylation level of BIT in the retina was higher in the light period than in the dark period. In addition, a light stimulation during the dark period resulted in a rapid phosphorylation of BIT and a subsequent association of BIT with SHP-2. The phosphorylation state was quickly reverted when the light was turned off. The light-dependent phosphorylation of BIT was also observed in isolated cultured retinas, and this was blocked by a specific Src-family inhibitor, PP-2. Immunohistochemical study showed that BIT was highly enriched in the inner and outer plexiform layers in the retina, where the immunoreactivity to anti-SHP-2 antibody was also detected. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT is involved in neuronal transmission in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juri Hamada
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nakahata Y, Okumura N, Otani H, Hamada J, Numakawa T, Sano SI, Nagai K. Stimulation of BIT induces a circadian phase shift of locomotor activity in rats. Brain Res 2003; 976:194-201. [PMID: 12763253 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms of mammals are generated by a circadian oscillation of master pacemaker genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), and entrained by environmental factors such as 24-h light-dark cycles. We have previously shown that light exposure during the dark period enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs (BIT) in the rat SCN. To elucidate the functional roles of BIT in the circadian clock, we stimulated BIT using an anti-BIT monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1D4, which reacts with its extracellular region and induces phosphorylation of its intracellular tyrosine residues. Administration of mAb 1D4 into the third cerebral ventricle induced tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT in the SCN. Behavioral analyses showed that the SCN-injection of the antibody at CT15 induced a phase delay of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity, and that at CT20 induced a phase advance. Pretreatment with MK801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDARs, diminished the 1D4-induced phase shift at CT20, but not at CT15. These results suggest that BIT is involved in the entrainment of circadian rhythms through the function of NMDARs and non-NMDARs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Nakahata
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, 565, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Circadian changes of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus have been studied using rats maintained under 12-h light/ 12-h dark cycles as well as constant dark conditions. We found that tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT (brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs), a transmembrane glycoprotein of 90-95 kDa, was higher in the light period than in the dark period and was increased after light exposure in the dark period. Similar changes in tyrosine phosphorylation were observed under constant dark conditions, but its amplitude was weaker than that in 12-h light/12-h dark cycles. As the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of BIT is able to bind to the Src homology 2 domain of a protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, we examined association of these proteins in suprachiasmatic nucleus extracts and found that SHP-2 was coprecipitated with BIT in parallel with its tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT might be involved in light-induced entrainment of the circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakahata
- Division of Protein Metabolism, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hamasaki A, Ishii K, Yamaguchi K, Sunamoto M, Ozaki H, Yanagita M, Wakatsuki Y, Horiuchi H, Nakahata Y, Kita T. Steroid hormone-responsive secondary factor X deficiency. Thromb Haemost 1998; 80:1032-3. [PMID: 9869183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
31
|
Ando M, Kitae H, Tsujiguchi H, Tahashi Y, Yoshida T, Nakahata Y, Kitagawa H, Yonehara T, Nishimori H, Kanemitsu N, Amatsu T, Hazama H. [A case of ischemic colitis in young female]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1998; 95:1395-6. [PMID: 9889552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirakata Municipal Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|