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Igarashi K, Takei N, Hori T, Yamamoto M, Sohma H, Suzuki N, Tsutsumi H, Kawasaki Y, Kokai Y. Corrigendum to 'CCL8 deficiency in the host abrogates early mortality of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice with dysregulated IL-6 expression' [Experimental Hematology 2022; 106: 47-57]. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:70. [PMID: 37690017 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Igarashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.
| | - Norio Takei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine; Institute for Animal Experimentation, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Educational Development, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, S1W16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine
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Igarashi K, Hori T, Yamamoto M, Sohma H, Suzuki N, Tsutsumi H, Kawasaki Y, Kokai Y. CCL8 deficiency in the host abrogates early mortality of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice with dysregulated IL-6 expression. Exp Hematol 2022; 106:47-57. [PMID: 34808257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for diverse malignant and nonmalignant diseases, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is strongly linked to mortality caused by HSCT. We previously reported that CC chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) is closely correlated to aGVHD mortality in both humans and mice. To study the role of CCL8 in aGVHD, CCL8 knockout (CCL8-/-) mice were transplanted with fully allogeneic marrow grafts. These mice exhibited a significant reduction in mortality (90.0% vs. 23.4% survival for CCL8-/- vs. wild-type recipients at day 28, p < 0.0001). As a result, apparent prolonged median survival from 9 days in wild-type mice to 45 days in CCL8-/- mice was observed. Acute GVHD pathology and liver dysfunction in CCL8-/- mice were significantly attenuated compared with those in wild-type mice. In association with the reduced mortality, a surge of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 was observed in CCL8-/- recipients with allogeneic marrow, which was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice that received allografts. Donor T-cell expansion and plasma levels of interferon-γ and TNF-α during aGVHD were similar in both types of mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that CCL8 plays a major role in aGVHD pathogenesis with possible involvement of an IL-6 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Igarashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.
| | - Tsukasa Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Educational Development, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine
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Aiki H, Wada T, Iba K, Oki G, Sohma H, Yamashita T, Kokai Y. Proteomics analysis of site- and stage-specific protein expression after peripheral nerve injury. J Orthop Sci 2018; 23:1070-1078. [PMID: 30100211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripheral nervous system has greater regenerative potential than the CNS. This fact suggests the existence of molecules that act as key factors in nerve regeneration during molecular changes in the peripheral nervous system. METHODS The right sciatic nerve of female Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed and transected at the mid-thigh level. Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10 or 35 days after nerve transection. Proximal and distal nerve segments (1-cm in length) were dissected. We then sought to observe overall molecular changes after peripheral nerve injury using a proteomic approach. For an overview of the identified proteins, each protein was classified according to its biological and molecular functions. We identified a number of proteins showing site- and stage-specific patterns of expression. RESULTS Both proximal and distal molecular changes at 5, 10 and 35 days after nerve transection were investigated, and a total of 2353 proteins were identified. Among the various expression patterns observed, aFGF and GAP-43 were found to increase in the proximal stump at 10 days after transection, and PN-1, RPL9 and prosaposin increased in the distal stump at 5 days after transection. Among these proteins, aFGF, GAP-43, PN-1 and prosaposin were found to be associated with nerve regeneration. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that aFGF, GAP-43, PN-1 and prosaposin expression increased at specific stages and in specific sites, such as the proximal or distal stump, after nerve transection by comprehensive measurement using proteomics analysis. We believe that these specific expression patterns might play important roles during regeneration after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikono Aiki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Wada
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Otaru Hospital, Otaru, Japan
| | - Kousuke Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Gosuke Oki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Educational Development, Sapporo Medical University Center for Medical Education, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Kochin V, Kanaseki T, Tokita S, Miyamoto S, Shionoya Y, Kikuchi Y, Morooka D, Hirohashi Y, Tsukahara T, Watanabe K, Toji S, Kokai Y, Sato N, Torigoe T. HLA-A24 ligandome analysis of colon and lung cancer cells identifies a novel cancer-testis antigen and a neoantigen that elicits specific and strong CTL responses. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1293214. [PMID: 28533942 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1293214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on HLA-A24 and comprehensively analyzed the ligandome of colon and lung cancer cells without the use of MHC-binding in silico prediction algorithms. Affinity purification using the antibody specific to HLA-A24 followed by LC-MS/MS sequencing was used to detect peptides, which harbored the known characteristics of HLA-A24 peptides in terms of length and anchor motifs. Ligandome analysis demonstrated the natural presentation of two different types of novel tumor-associated antigens. The ligandome contained a peptide derived from SUV39H2, a gene found to be expressed in a variety of cancers but not in normal tissues (except for the testis). The SUV39H2 peptide is immunogenic and elicits cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell (CTL) responses against cancer cells and is thus a novel cancer-testis antigen. Moreover, we found that microsatellite instability (MSI)-colon cancer cells displayed a neoepitope with an amino-acid substitution, while microsatellite stable (MSS)-colon and lung cancer cells displayed its counterpart peptide without the substitution. Structure modeling of peptide-HLA-A24 complexes predicted that the mutated residue at P8 was accessible to T-cell receptors. The neoepitope readily elicited CTL responses, which discriminated it from its wild-type counterpart, and the CTLs exhibited considerably high cytotoxicity against MSS-colon cancer cells carrying the responsible gene mutation. The specific and strong CTL lysis observed in this study fosters our understanding of immune surveillance against neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Kochin
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Serina Tokita
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shionoya
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daichi Morooka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazue Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research and Development Division, Medical and Biological Laboratories Company, Limited, Ina, Japan
| | - Shingo Toji
- Research and Development Division, Medical and Biological Laboratories Company, Limited, Ina, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Tan C, Sasagawa Y, Kamo KI, Kukitsu T, Noda S, Ishikawa K, Yamauchi N, Saikawa T, Noro T, Nakamura H, Takahashi F, Sata F, Tada M, Kokai Y. Evaluation of the Japanese Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score (JAMRISC): a newly developed questionnaire used as a screening tool for diagnosing metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med 2016; 21:470-479. [PMID: 27699688 PMCID: PMC5112197 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-016-0568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To prevent the onset of lifestyle-related diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Japan, research into the development of a useful screening method is strongly desired. We developed a new screening questionnaire (JAMRISC) utilizing a logistic regression model and evaluated its ability to predict the development of MetS, type 2 diabetes and other lifestyle-related diseases in Japanese populace. Methods JAMRISC questionnaire was sent to 1,850 individuals in Rumoi, a small city in Hokkaido. We received a total of 1,054 valid responses. To maximize the target individuals accurately diagnosed with MetS, logistic regression analysis was used to generate a unique metabolic syndrome score calculation formula as taking into consideration the clinical relevance of each question item as individual coefficients. Results The results of our comparative research utilizing both JAMRISC and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaires revealed the usefulness of JAMRISC for its ability to detect risks for MetS, pre-MetS, diabetes, and pre-diabetes. Study of disease risk detection via JAMRISC questionnaire targeting the 4283 residents of Rumoi indicated a high detection rate for pre-MetS (98.8 %), MetS (94.2 %), pre-diabetes (85.1 %) and type 2 diabetes (94.9 %). In addition, JAMRISC was useful not only as a MetS risk score test, but also as a screening tool for diagnosing insulin resistance. Conclusions JAMRISC questionnaire is a useful instrument for the detection of early risk of not only MetS and type 2 diabetes but also insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tan
- Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasagawa
- Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Kamo
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kukitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Sayaka Noda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Saikawa
- Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Noro
- Department of General Medicine, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, 2-16-1 Sinonome, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.,Health Center, Chuo University, Tokyo, 162-8473, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tada
- NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Rumoi Municipal Hospital, Rumoi, 077-0011, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- NPO Rumoi Cohortopia, Rumoi, 077-0028, Japan.,Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Ishii T, Tateno M, Sohma H, Kokai Y. The effect of APOE e4 allele on brain perfusion SPECT in late onset Alzheimers disease by an automated program, 3DSRT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4172/neuropsychiatry.1000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kamekura R, Shigehara K, Miyajima S, Jitsukawa S, Kawata K, Yamashita K, Nagaya T, Kumagai A, Sato A, Matsumiya H, Ogasawara N, Seki N, Takano K, Kokai Y, Takahashi H, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Alteration of circulating type 2 follicular helper T cells and regulatory B cells underlies the comorbid association of allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma. Clin Immunol 2015; 158:204-11. [PMID: 25829231 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), the most common allergic disorder of the airway, is often accompanied by bronchial asthma. However, little is known about the mechanism by which AR advances to AR comorbid with bronchial asthma (AR+Asthma). To determine the pathophysiologic features of AR and AR+Asthma, we examined subsets of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and regulatory B (Breg) cells in peripheral blood from AR and AR+Asthma patients. The results showed polarization of Tfh2 cells within Tfh cell subsets in both AR and AR+Asthma cases. Interestingly, the %Breg cells in total B cells were decreased in AR cases and, more extensively, in AR+Asthma cases. Moreover, we found significant correlations of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil levels with the index %Tfh2 cells per %Breg cells. Our findings indicate that relative decrease in Breg cells under the condition of Tfh2 cell skewing is a putative exaggerating factor of AR to bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shigehara
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Sapporo Respiratory Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Miyajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nagaya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kumagai
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogasawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kochin V, Kanaseki T, Morooka D, Takaya A, Hirohashi Y, Kokai Y, Torigoe T, Sato N. P4-006 Natural peptidome presented by HLA-A24 of cancer and cancer stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 37:348b. [PMID: 25297248 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.37.348b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating CD8+ T cells (CTL) survey the peptide/MHC class I complexes on cell surface to discriminate self and eliminate foreign/transformed cells. Thus, the MHC class I peptide repertoire directly influences cells fate, and provides information for immunotherapy strategy. Here we target HLA-A24 (A24), the most frequent serotype in Asia, and perform large-scale mass spectrometric profiling of natural peptides. Using the antibody specific to A24, we identified 264 peptides from colon (SW480, Colo320, HCT15/b2m) and 331 peptides from lung (LHK2, Sq-1) cancer cells. Although, known A24 binding anchors (Y/F at P2 and F/L/I at P9) are strongly conserved among the detected ligands, a subset of peptides with an unusual anchor (K/R at the C-terminal P9 or P10) is observed, suggesting diverse usage of anchors in certain types of cancer cells. Moreover, some peptides (and their genes) are exclusively expressed in cancer stem cells (cells able to exclude Hoechst dye). In summary, we identified approx. 500 non-overlapping natural peptides presented by A24 from colon and lung cancer cells. A combination of natural peptides specific to tumors could be an ideal way for a CTL-based immunotherapy.
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Iwata K, Ikami K, Matsuno K, Yamashita T, Shiba D, Ibi M, Matsumoto M, Katsuyama M, Cui W, Zhang J, Zhu K, Takei N, Kokai Y, Ohneda O, Yokoyama T, Yabe-Nishimura C. Deficiency of NOX1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidase leads to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:110-9. [PMID: 24233492 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Involvement of reactive oxygen species derived from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) oxidase has been documented in the development of hypoxia-induced model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Because the PAH-like phenotype was demonstrated in mice deficient in Nox1 gene (Nox1(-/Y)) raised under normoxia, the aim of this study was to clarify how the lack of NOX1/NADPH oxidase could lead to pulmonary pathology. APPROACH AND RESULTS Spontaneous enlargement and hypertrophy of the right ventricle, accompanied by hypertrophy of pulmonary vessels, were demonstrated in Nox1(-/Y) 9 to 18 weeks old. Because an increased number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive vessels were observed in Nox1(-/Y), pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. In Nox1(-/Y) PASMCs, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly reduced without any change in the expression of endothelin-1, and hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, factors implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH. A significant decrease in a voltage-dependent K(+) channel, Kv1.5 protein, and an increase in intracellular potassium levels were demonstrated in Nox1(-/Y) PASMCs. When a rescue study was performed in Nox1(-/Y) crossed with transgenic mice overexpressing rat Nox1 gene, impaired apoptosis and the level of Kv1.5 protein in PASMCs were almost completely recovered in Nox1(-/Y) harboring the Nox1 transgene. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a critical role for NOX1 in cellular apoptosis by regulating Kv1.5 and intracellular potassium levels. Because dysfunction of Kv1.5 is among the features demonstrated in PAH, inactivation of NOX1/NADPH oxidase may be a causative factor for pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Iwata
- From the Departments of Pharmacology (K. Iwata, K. Ikami, K.M., M.I., M.M., W.C., J.Z., K.Z., C.Y.-N.), Anatomy and Developmental Biology (D.S., T. Yokoyama), and Radioisotope Center (M.K.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (T. Yamashita, O.O.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (N.T., Y.K.)
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Sasaki K, Ohki G, Iba K, Kokai Y, Yamashita T, Wada T. Innervation pattern at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon in recalcitrant tennis elbow. J Orthop Sci 2013; 18:528-35. [PMID: 23674348 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the general, sensory, and sympathetic innervation patterns at the undersurface of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) origin in patients with recalcitrant tennis elbow. METHODS Eight elbows in eight consecutive patients (6 females and 2 males) with tennis elbow who underwent arthroscopic surgery were included in this study. The mean age was 45 years (38-66 years), and the mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 23 months (13-52 months). Operative treatment consisted of an arthroscopic inspection and debridement of the ECRB origin. Control tissues were obtained from biopsy of the ECRB capsule in two patients with osteochondritis dissecance of the capitellum who underwent arthroscopic resection of loose bodies. The tissue specimens were investigated immunohistochemically with antibodies delineating general (PGP9.5), sensory (SP/CGRP), and sympathetic (NPY) nerve patterns. RESULTS In the non-tendinosis control tissue, SP/CGRP and NPY immunoreactions were heterogeneously distributed in association with blood vessels. Pathologic evaluation of the biopsy tissue showed atypical fibrous granulation containing numerous vessels and nerve structures in all eight patients. Marked reactions to PGP 9.5 took the form of nerve fibers associated with arteries and arterioles in the atypical granulation. Most of the perivascular innervation was found to express NPY. The immunoreactions for SP and CGRP were invariably weak. CONCLUSION Increased perivascular sympathetic innervation accompanied with loss of sensory innervation at the undersurface of the ECRB tendon may play a role in chronic pain generation in recalcitrant tennis elbow. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic, Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Sasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 16, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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Sohma H, Imai SI, Takei N, Honda H, Matsumoto K, Utsumi K, Matsuki K, Hashimoto E, Saito T, Kokai Y. Evaluation of annexin A5 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and dementia with lewy bodies. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:15. [PMID: 23576984 PMCID: PMC3617410 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) differs from other forms of dementia in its relation to amyloid beta peptide (Aβ42). Using a cell culture model we previously identified annexin A5, a Ca2+, and phospholipid binding protein, as an AD biomarker. Plasma level of annexin A5 was significantly higher in AD patients compared to that in a control group. On the other hand, AD has been identified to share a number of clinical and pathological features with Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The present study was done to examine whether or not plasma annexin A5 is a specific marker for AD, when being compared with the levels of DLB patients. As Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene subtype ε4 (ApoE-ε4) has been noticed as the probable genetic factor for AD, we also examined and compared ApoE genotype in both AD and DLB. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 150 patients with AD (aged 77.6 ± 6.5 years), 50 patients of DLB (79.4 ± 5.0) and 279 community-dwelling healthy elderly individuals of comparable age and sex (75.6 ± 8.1). All AD patients met NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and all DLB patients were diagnosed as probable DLB according to the latest consensus diagnostic criteria. Quantification was done using the Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay (CLEIA) Technique (SphereLight assay) using the monoclonal antibodies against annexin A5. DNA genotyping of ApoE was performed by distinguishing unique combinations of Hha1 fragments of PCR-amplified genomic DNA products. Results: The plasma level of annexin A5 was significantly higher in AD patients than in the healthy individuals (control) (P < 0.0001). The plasma annexin A5 level was also significantly higher in DLB patients than in the control group (P < 0.0001). From the ROC curves with plasma annexin A5 concentrations, the mean areas under the curve were 0.863 and 0.838 for the AD/control and DLB/control, respectively. The rate of ApoE4 carrier status and the frequency of the ε4 allele were significantly higher in AD or DLB than in control and there was no significant difference between AD and DLB. Conclusions: These results suggest that both annexin A5 and ApoE4 are common markers for AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Educational Development, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University Sapporo, Japan ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Sapporo, Japan
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Oral administration of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol from spinach inhibits colon tumor growth in mice. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:17-22. [PMID: 23251235 PMCID: PMC3524182 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we observed that purified monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), a major glycoglycerolipid from spinach, selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases (α, δ and ε). However, the function of MGDG following ingestion is not well-known. In the present study, spinach MGDG suppressed the proliferation of Colon26 mouse colon cancer cells with an LD50 of 24 μg/ml in vitro. γ-cyclodextrin (CD)-MGDG complex was prepared and administered orally following Colon26 mouse tumor adhesion for 26 days. It was observed that 20 mg/kg equivalent (eq.) of the CD-MGDG complex reduced tumor volume by ∼60% compared with that of the vehicle-treated controls. In immunohistochemical analysis, the CD-MGDG complex group showed a decreased number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and reduction of mitosis in the tumor cells compared with the control group. In addition, the CD-MGDG complex increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic cells and inhibited CD31-positive tumor blood vessel growth significantly. These results suggest that MGDG has the potential for cancer prevention and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180
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Yamaguchi M, Kokai Y, Imai SI, Utsumi K, Matsumoto K, Honda H, Mizue Y, Momma M, Maeda T, Toyomasu S, Ito YM, Kobayashi S, Hashimoto E, Saito T, Sohma H. Investigation of annexin A5 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease using neuronal cell culture and mouse model. J Neurosci Res 2011; 88:2682-92. [PMID: 20648654 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) differs from other forms of dementia in its relation to amyloid beta peptide (Abeta). Abeta, a proteolytic product of amyloid precursor proteins (APP), has a toxic effect on neuronal cells, which involves perturbation of their Ca(2+) homeostasis. This effect implies that changes of protein expression in neuronal cells with calcium stress should provide a molecular marker for this disease. In the present study, we used the supernatant from a neuronal cell culture after incubation with or without Abeta and isolated a Ca(2+)-dependent acidic phospholipid binding fraction to perform a proteomic study. Several unique proteins were identified after incubation with Abeta. We focused on annexin A5, among these proteins, because it binds both Ca(2+) and lipids likely to be involved in calcium homeostasis. Tg2576 transgenic mice (AD model) overexpressing mutant human APP showed a significant increase of annexin A5 in the brain cortex but not in other organs, including liver, kidney, lung, and intestine. In human plasma samples, the level of annexin A5 was significantly increased in a proportion of AD patients compared with a control group (P < 0.0001 in the logistic regression analysis). From the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with plasma annexin A5 concentrations, the mean area under the curve (AUC 0.898) suggests that annexin A5 is a favorable marker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamaguchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Hida T, Sohma H, Kokai Y, Kawakami A, Hirosaki K, Okura M, Tosa N, Yamashita T, Jimbow K. Rab7 is a critical mediator in vesicular transport of tyrosinase-related protein 1 in melanocytes. J Dermatol 2010; 38:432-41. [PMID: 21352276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
How melanosomal proteins such as enzymic proteins (tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins, Tyrps) and structural protein (gp100) are transported from Golgi to melanosomal compartments is not yet fully understood. A number of small GTPases have been found to be associated with melanosomes and we have identified one of them, Rab7, a regulator of vesicular transport, organelle motility, phospholipid signaling and cytosolic degradative machinery, as being involved in the transport of Tyrp1 from Golgi to stage I melanosomes. This study further characterizes the role of Rab7 as a regulator of differential sorting of melanosomal proteins in this process. Murine melanocytes were transiently transfected with a plasmid encoding either wild-type (Rab7WT), constitutively active (Rab7Q67L) or dominant-negative (Rab7N125I and Rab7T22N) Rab7. Through immunocytostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we quantitatively compared the bio-distribution of melanosomal proteins between Rab7WT-expressing cells and mutant Rab7-expressing cells. We also characterized their differential elimination from melanosomal compartments by Rab7 by utilizing a proteasome inhibitor, MG132. Our findings indicate that Rab7 plays an important role in differential sorting of tyrosinase, Tyrp1 and gp100 in early melanogenesis cascade, and that it is more specifically involved with Tyrp1 than tyrosinase and gp100 in the trafficking from Golgi to melanosomes and the specific exit from the degradative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Yamamoto M, Naishiro Y, Suzuki C, Kokai Y, Suzuki R, Honda S, Abe T, Takahashi H, Shinomura Y. Proteomics analysis in 28 patients with systemic IgG4-related plasmacytic syndrome. Rheumatol Int 2009. [PMID: 19609529 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is considered that autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), Mikulicz's disease (MD) and IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) comprise systemic IgG4-related plasmacytic syndrome (SIPS), of which the origin remains unknown. We analyzed these patients with focus on serological aspects to invest whether there are autoantigens in SIPS. We evaluated 28 patients with SIPS who presented at Sapporo Medical University Hospital and the collaborated institutions. They were mainly middle-aged (eight male), and consisted of 26 patients with MD and two patients with AIP. The three among 26 patients diagnosed with MD were complicated to AIP, and another three patients had IgG4-related TIN. As a control, healthy volunteers and the patients with Sjögren's syndrome were examined. At first, we measured the levels of serum complements and circulating immune complexes in these patients. Next, immune complexes were collected from the serum of patients and healthy controls by immunoprecipitation. They were divided into immunoglobulin and the antigens by glycine-HCl solution. The divided samples including the antigens were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Nine patients had hypocomplementemia and 15 had elevated levels of circulating immune complexes in the group of SIPS. In the groups of healthy volunteers and SS, all showed that the levels of serum complements and circulating immune complexes were normal. SELDI-TOF-MS detected a 13.1-kDa protein from all samples of SIPS, and not in normal control and SS. It is possible that the 13.1-kDa protein is one of the autoantigens of SIPS.
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Kiyokawa N, Kokai Y, Kikuchi K, Fujita H, Hata JI, Fujimoto J. Distinctive Pattern of Expression of Activation and Resting B Cell Antigens on Normal and Neoplastic Human B Cells: Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity in Some Lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 3:119-26. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199009050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Bain B, Morilla R, Monard S, Kokai Y, Catovsky D. Spectrum of Reactivity with Three Monoclonal Antibodies–MHM6(CD23), L30(CD24) and UCHB1–in B-Cell Leukaemias. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 3:97-102. [DOI: 10.3109/10428199009050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ota A, Yamamoto M, Hori T, Miyai S, Naishiro Y, Sohma H, Maeda M, Kokai Y. Upregulation of plasma CCL8 in mouse model of graft-vs-host disease. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:525-31. [PMID: 19302923 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a proteomic approach, we recently identified plasma CCL8 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of graft-vs-host-disease (GVHD) in mice as well as humans. Because mass spectrometric analysis is only semi-quantitative, a quantitative method of measuring plasma CCL8 levels in mice is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of CCL8 concentrations in mouse plasma. RESULTS Our newly established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the plasma CCL8 concentrations (mean +/- standard error; n=12) were 1287+/-55.7 ng/mL and 1604+/-110.8 ng/mL on days 7 and 14 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), respectively, while the plasma concentrations was 316.6+/-16.3 ng/mL on day 7 after syngeneic BMT. A Western blotting analysis also showed a difference in the plasma CCL8 levels between the allogeneic and syngeneic BMT groups, as did clinical GVHD scores. Neither lipopolysaccharide nor poly(I:C) elevated the plasma CCL8 concentrations, although a dramatic increase in interleukin-6 was detected after both treatments. CONCLUSION An elevated plasma CCL8 concentration may be a promising plasma marker for GVHD in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Ota
- Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co. Ltd., Gunma, Japan.
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effects of preventive and curative orally administered spinach glycoglycerolipid fraction on the tumor growth of sarcoma and colon in mouse graft models. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Iwasaki S, Hosaka Y, Iwasaki T, Yamamoto K, Nagayasu A, Ueda H, Kokai Y, Takehana K. The modulation of collagen fibril assembly and its structure by decorin: an electron microscopic study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 71:37-44. [PMID: 18622092 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.71.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the effect of decorin in the process of collagen assembly. Collagen fibrils were obtained in vitro by aggregation from commercialized acid-soluble type I collagen with the addition of different concentrations of decorin (0-25 microg/ml). All specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The distribution of collagen fibril diameters was also analyzed by TEM. In samples without or with low concentrations of decorin, highly porous collagen fiber networks were formed. On the other hand, dense networks were observed in samples treated with high concentrations of decorin. The influence of decorin secreted by cells on collagen fibrils was observed by SEM, and the fiber network elasticity was measured using a rheometer. SEM images showed that collagen fiber networks without fibroblasts were much looser than those cultured with normal fibroblasts. The networks cultured with the fibroblasts were composed of straight fibers with large diameters. On the other hand, collagen fiber networks cultured with siRNA-decorin-transfected (siDT) fibroblasts had loose, meandering fibers with small diameters. The elasticity of collagen fiber networks cultured with untransfected fibroblasts showed no significant difference over the 7-day incubation period. However, significantly lower elastic values were obtained for collagen fiber networks treated with siDT cells on days 3 and 7. In addition, after treatment with 5.0 or 25 microg/ml decorin, the l collagen fiber networks cultured with siDT cells exhibited an altered structure that showed a dense structure similar to that of the fiber networks cultured with untransfected fibroblasts. In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that decorin is a regulatory and architecturally small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan in the process of collagen fibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Iwasaki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Naishiro Y, Suzuki C, Kimura M, Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Sohma H, Hori T, Shinomura Y, Kokai Y, Imai K. [Plasma analysis of rheumatoid arthritis by SELDI]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 30:145-50. [PMID: 17603254 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.30.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To identify protein biomarkers linking to disease activity and treatment responses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), proteomic study using mass spectrometric analysis of plasma proteins was performed. Proteomic profiling technologies can simultaneously resolve and analyze multiple proteins in plasma. Evaluation of multiple proteins of the plasma will be essential to discover protein biomarkers. In this study, we used protein chip surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry approach (SELDI-TOF MS). Through differential profiling of plasma proteins, we selected two prospective candidate biomarkers. One mass spectrometric peak distinguished patients with RA from healthy controls was transthyretin (TTR) and the other distinguished inactive patients with RA from patients with active RA was Serum Amyloid A (SAA). This study demonstrates that proteomic profiling using mass spectrometry of plasma greatly facilitates global discovery and verify clinically relevant sets of disease biomarker directly links to disease activity and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Naishiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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22
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Hada T, Ishimaru C, Kuriyama I, Yonezawa Y, Iijima H, Yoshida H, Sato N, Mizushina Y. Anti-Tumor Effects of the Glycolipids Fraction from Spinach which Inhibited DNA Polymerase Activity. Nutr Cancer 2007; 57:216-23. [PMID: 17571956 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701277908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the fraction of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) containing the major glycolipids from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.). This glycolipids fraction inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases (pols) such as alpha, delta, and epsilon, and mitochondrial pol gamma with IC50 values of 44.0-46.2 microg/ml, but had no influence on the activity of repair-related pol beta. The fraction also inhibited the proliferation of human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells with LD50 values of 57.2 microg/ml. In an in vivo anti-tumor assay on nude mice bearing solid tumors of HeLa cells, the fraction was shown to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Histopathological examination revealed that tumor necrosis with hemorrhage was significantly enhanced with the glycolipids fraction in vivo. The spinach glycolipids fraction might be a potent anti-tumor compound, and this fraction may be a healthy food substance with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Kokai Y, Sohma H, Murakami S. Exploration of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in coupling with biochemical and cognitive-psychological approach. Neurosci Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Kuriyama I, Kamisuki S, Takahashi S, Sakaguchi K, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Sato N, Mizushina Y. Anti-tumor effects of dehydroaltenusin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 352:390-6. [PMID: 17118336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the screening of selective inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerases (pols), dehydroaltenusin was found to be an inhibitor of pol alpha from a fungus (Alternaria tennuis). We succeeded in chemically synthesizing dehydroaltenusin, and the compound inhibited only mammalian pol alpha with IC50 value of 0.5 microM, and did not influence the activities of other replicative pols such as pols delta and epsilon, but also showed no effect on pol alpha activity from another vertebrate, fish, or from a plant species. Dehydroaltenusin also had no influence on the other pols and DNA metabolic enzymes tested. The compound also inhibited the proliferation of human cancer cells with LD50 values of 38.0-44.4 microM. In an in vivo anti-tumor assay on nude mice bearing solid tumors of HeLa cells, dehydroaltenusin was shown to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Histopathological examination revealed that increased tumor necrosis and decreased mitotic index were apparently detected by the compound in vivo. Therefore, dehydroaltenusin could be of interest as not only a mammalian pol alpha-specific inhibitor, but also as a candidate drug for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Sohma H, Yamaguchi M, Matsumoto K, Honda H, Amano Y, Mizue Y, Kikuchi K, Maeda T, Toyomasu S, Momma M, Murakami S, Kokai Y. P3–089: Elevation of plasma level of annexin A5 in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sohma
- Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Mami Yamaguchi
- Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Yuka Mizue
- Sapporo Immuno Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc.SapporoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Masako Momma
- Sapporo Medical University School of Health SciencesSapporoJapan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Sapporo Medical University School of Health SciencesSapporoJapan
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineSapporoJapan
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Oda T, Wada T, Kuwabara H, Sawada N, Yamashita T, Kokai Y. Ovariectomy fails to augment bone resorption and marrow B lymphopoiesis in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor transgenic mice. J Orthop Sci 2005; 10:70-6. [PMID: 15666126 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-004-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 09/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of pathological bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency has not been fully elucidated. It has been shown in recent animal studies that increased B lymphopoiesis induced by estrogen deficiency is involved in the mechanism of stimulated bone resorption. Mice transgenic for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (G-Tg) exhibit generalized osteopenia with an increase in osteoclast number and enhancement of bone resorption, which coexists with enhanced hematopoiesis. When ovariectomy was performed on G-Tg, it did not further reduce bone mass as revealed by radiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Ovariectomy increased the amount of colony-forming units of interleukin 7 (CFU-IL-7) by threefold in the marrow of normal mice in association with an increase in the number of B220-positive cells expressing the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). In contrast, the number of B220-positive cells expressing RANKL and CFU-IL-7 remarkably decreased in the marrow of G-Tg. Ovariectomy induced neither CFU-IL-7 nor B220-positive cells expressing RANKL in the marrow of G-Tg. Strong inhibition of B lymphopoiesis by G-CSF resulted in depletion of B cells expressing RANKL from the marrow, which may lead to resistance to bone loss due to ovariectomy. This observation suggests that B lymphopoiesis plays a possible role in bone loss in a condition of acute estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Sato O, Wada T, Kawai A, Yamaguchi U, Makimoto A, Kokai Y, Yamashita T, Chuman H, Beppu Y, Tani Y, Hasegawa T. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor,ERBB2 andKIT in adult soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer 2005; 103:1881-90. [PMID: 15772959 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the expression of receptor tyrosine kinases in adult soft tissue sarcomas (STS). In the current study, the authors analyzed the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ERBB2, and KIT in 281 patients with STS who were treated in a single institution. Verification of the presence of an association with prognosis was performed. METHODS The current study included 281 adult patients with STS of the extremity and trunk who were diagnosed and treated in the National Cancer Center, Tokyo. Expression was assessed using immunohistochemical stains for EGFR, ERBB2, and KIT on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by standard avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique and EGFR detection system. RESULTS Positive staining of EGFR was observed in 168 of 281 (60%) patients. Positive staining was common in pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytomas (89%), myxofibrosarcomas (89%), synovial sarcomas (76%), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (89%), and leiomyosarcomas (73%). It was less common in well differentiated liposarcomas (38%), fibrosarcomas (36%), and myxoid liposarcomas (6%). In contrast, positive staining of ERBB2 and KIT was very limited. Increased levels of EGFR were significantly associated with a decreased probability of overall survival (P = 0.01), although by univariate analysis; probability of overall survival at 5 years was 64% in patients with increased levels of EGFR and 79% in patients without such overexpression. The overexpression of EGFR was significantly associated with histologic grade (P < 0.001). Moreover, stratified log-rank test revealed that there is an interrelation between EGFR overexpression and histologic grade. CONCLUSIONS EGFR overexpression was found to be a negative prognostic factor of adult STS, which is strongly associated with histologic grade. STS patients with EGFR overexpression may benefit from treatment with currently available biospecific inhibitors for EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Li D, Iku S, Nemoto K, Kokai Y, Odajima T, Yoshimoto R, Kaku T, Katoh H, Shiota H, Seki Y, Ogura N, Abiko Y, Kuboki Y. Geometry of artificial ECM Three-Dimensional Structure of Titanium-Web (TW) Promotes Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells into Osteoblasts. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2005. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.14.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tobioka H, Tokunaga Y, Isomura H, Kokai Y, Yamaguchi J, Sawada N. Expression of occludin, a tight-junction-associated protein, in human lung carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2004; 445:472-6. [PMID: 15232740 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Occludin is a tight-junction-associated transmembrane protein, and previous observations suggested that occludin might play a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of organized tubular structures. Based on these observations, we explored the possible role of occludin immunostaining in the diagnosis of lung carcinomas. A total of 68 lung carcinomas and surrounding normal lung tissues were studied. A formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded section from each tumor was stained with a new anti-occludin monoclonal antibody raised in our laboratory. In normal lung tissues, the anti-occludin antibody strongly stained the apicoluminal borders of the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelia and bronchial glands as a dot or short line. The antibody also stained the intercellular borders of alveolar epithelia. In cancer cells that faced lumina of all adenocarcinomas, regardless of grade, including bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, occludin showed an expression pattern identical to that of the normal bronchial and alveolar epithelia. Occludin reactivity was not noted in any cases of squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The results of the present study suggest that occludin can serve as an immunohistochemical indicator of the "true" glandular differentiation that forms tubulo-papillary structures in human lung carcinoma tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Tobioka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S. 1, W.17, Chuo-ku, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
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Abstract
In this report, we described a case of multiple intraperitoneal tumors. Histologically, the tumors were composed of small round cells with malignant phenotype, necrotic areas, and islands of osteoid matrix in the stroma. In immunohistochemical and molecular analyses, the tumors expressed CD99 and EWS-Fli1 fusion gene. Production of osteoid by small round tumor cells was consistent with the histologic criteria of small-cell osteosarcoma, whereas expression of EWS-Fli1 was a characteristic genetic feature of Ewing's sarcoma family of tumor. Such tumors have been limited to a case in which histologically proven small-cell osteosarcoma of the scapula showed a chromosomal translocation, t(11;22)(q24;q12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tokunaga Y, Tobioka H, Isomura H, Kokai Y, Sawada N. Expression of occludin in human rectal carcinoid tumours as a possible marker for glandular differentiation. Histopathology 2004; 44:247-50. [PMID: 14987228 DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-0167.2003.01807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine whether or not the tight junction-associated transmembrane protein occludin is expressed in rosette or gland-like structures in human rectal carcinoid tumours. The tight junction is crucial for the formation and maintenance of organized tubular structures in glandular epithelia. Previous studies have reported the presence of glandular structures in carcinoid tumours, though they are not believed to arise from glandular epithelium. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression profiles of occludin in 40 carcinoid tumours were examined immunohistochemically, using an anti-occludin monoclonal antibody. In eight (20%) samples of typical carcinoid tumours, a small number of rosette-like tubular structures outlined by occludin were detected. CONCLUSIONS Tight junction-associated molecules, including occludin, are thought to be one of the most characteristic structural markers of polarized glandular structures. The results of the present study provide supportive evidence that carcinoid tumour cells are capable of glandular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Abstract
The tight junctions of the glandular epithelium are crucial for the maintenance of cell polarity, separating the plasma membrane into apical and basolateral domains. Thus abnormalities of the tight junctions may result in the structural disturbances of glandular epithelial neoplasia. In this study we introduced an anti-occludin monoclonal antibody for semiquantitative assay of the occludin expression in tissue sections of human normal and neoplastic endometrial epithelia using the Adobe Photoshop and NIH Image programs. Normal endometrial glands and samples of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma grade 1 fully expressed occludin at the apical cell border. In endometrioid carcinomas grades 2 and 3, however, occludin disappeared in solid areas of the carcinomatous tissues. Occludin was also found at the apical borders of the cancer cells that formed glandular structures. Occludin expression decreased progressively in parallel with the increase in carcinoma grade, and the decreased occludin expression correlated with myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis. These results suggest that the loss of tight junctions has a close relationship with structural atypia in the progression of human endometrial carcinomas and their malignant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Tobioka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kojima T, Yamamoto T, Murata M, Chiba H, Kokai Y, Sawada N. Regulation of the blood?biliary barrier: interaction between gap and tight junctions in hepatocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 36:157-64. [PMID: 14505059 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-003-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2003] [Accepted: 03/24/2003] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes tightly connect with each other by intercellular junctions to form liver cell plates. The junctions composed of gap, tight, and adherens junctions and desmosomes concentrate around bile canaliculi. In particular, tight junctions serve as a barrier to keep bile in bile canaliculi away from the blood circulation. Thus, it is very reasonable to call tight junctions of hepatocytes the blood-biliary barrier. On the other hand, gap junctions of hepatocytes are considered to enable ordered contraction of bile canaculi from centrizonal to periportal hepatocytes by their function of intercellular communication. Gap and tight junctions may thus play a crucial role in bile secretion, one of the most differentiated functions of the liver. In intrahepatic cholestasis, a common pathological condition of the liver, downregulation of gap and tight junctional functions is seen, which results in impaired intercellular communication and in leaky tight junctions. Although the changes in gap and tight junctions had been considered to be independent of each other, recent findings that the tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and occludin bind to connexins indicate the possibility of either coordinate or reciprocal regulation of macromolecular complexes containing gap- and tight-junction proteins. In this review, we introduce the interaction and regulation between gap and tight junctions of hepatocytes in vitro and discuss the regulatory mechanisms of the "blood-biliary barrier" to study the molecular pathogenesis of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kojima
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1, W17, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Tobioka H, Isomura H, Kokai Y, Sawada N. Polarized distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen is associated with a tight junction molecule in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Pathol 2002; 198:207-12. [PMID: 12237880 DOI: 10.1002/path.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study we presents a novel anti-occludin monoclonal antibody that can be used for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The relationships between aberrant localization of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and abnormalities of tight junctions were studied in human colorectal cancers by this antibody. Abnormalities in the cell surface expression of CEA have been shown to be characteristic of human colorectal cancer cells. Cancer cells that participated in the formation of glandular structures expressed occludin at the apical cell border and CEA was expressed more apically than occludin. Where cancer cells showed solid nests without glandular structures, occludin was completely lost and CEA was demonstrated in a diffuse pattern throughout the cells. These findings suggest that the polarized apical expression of CEA in neoplastic glandular structures depends on the expression of occludin and the fence function of tight junctions. During tumour progression, loss of occludin may lead to the loss of membrane polarity and the non-polarized expression of CEA. The antibody described provides a powerful tool for the study of tight junctions in surgically resected human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Tobioka
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W17, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Kokai Y, Wada T, Oda T, Kuwabara H, Hara K, Akiyama Y, Ishii S, Sawada N. Overexpression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induces severe osteopenia in developing mice that is partially prevented by a diet containing vitamin K2 (menatetrenone). Bone 2002; 30:880-5. [PMID: 12052457 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mice transgenic for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exhibit severe osteopenia with an increase of osteoclast number and acceleration of bone resorption in adult mice. To examine the effect of G-CSF overexpression on developing bone, bone mineral density levels were examined from 4 weeks through 36 weeks after birth. Peak bone mass was observed at around 24 weeks of age irrespective of G-CSF expression. Apparent osteopenia was observed as early as 4 weeks of age without detectable developmental retardation in bone length and skeletal structure. Morphological examination confirmed a reduction of cancellous bone and cortical bone at this early stage of life, indicating that overexpression of G-CSF results in apparent osteopenia in developing mice, similar to that in adult animals. The effect of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) (MK4) on bone phenotypes during development was then examined. Mice were fed chow containing either 0.05 mg MK-4 per 100 g or 20.0 mg MK-4 per 100 g for 12 weeks as the control and experimental diets, respectively. This treatment did not change bone length, irrespective of the type of mouse or diet. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) revealed an increase of in CT value bone of MK4-treated mice. Taken together, these results indicate that overexpression of G-CSF induces an apparent reduction of bone mass and results in osteopenia in developing mice. The bone reduction was partially restored by feeding the mice MK4, suggesting a choice for treatment on the osteopenia induced by G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kokai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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Kojima T, Spray DC, Kokai Y, Chiba H, Mochizuki Y, Sawada N. Cx32 formation and/or Cx32-mediated intercellular communication induces expression and function of tight junctions in hepatocytic cell line. Exp Cell Res 2002; 276:40-51. [PMID: 11978007 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2002.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is thought to play a crucial role in cell differentiation. Small gap junction plaques are frequently associated with tight junction strands in hepatocytes, suggesting that gap junctions may be closely related to the role of tight junctions in the establishment of cell polarity. To examine the exact role of gap junctions in regulating tight junctions, we transfected connexin 32 (Cx32), Cx26, or Cx43 cDNAs into immortalized mouse hepatocytes derived from Cx32-deficient mice and examined the expression and function of the endogenous tight junction molecules. In transient wild-type Cx32 transfectants, immunocytochemistry revealed that endogenous occludin was in part localized at cell borders, where it was colocalized with Cx32, whereas neither was detected in parental cells. In Cx32 null hepatocytes transfected with Cx32 truncated at position 220 (R220stop), wild-type Cx26, or wild-type Cx43 cDNAs, occludin was not detected at cell borders. In stable wild-type Cx32 transfectants, occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 mRNAs and proteins were significantly increased compared to parental cells and all of the proteins were colocalized with Cx32 at cell borders. Treatment with a GJIC blocker, 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, resulted in decreases of occludin and claudin-1 at cell borders in the stable transfectants. The induction of tight junction proteins in the stable transfectants was accompanied by an increase in both fence and barrier functions of tight junctions. Furthermore, in the stable transfectants, circumferencial actin filaments were also increased without a change of actin protein. These results indicate that Cx32 formation and/or Cx32-mediated intercellular communication may participate in the formation of functional tight junctions and actin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kojima
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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Hirayama Y, Koyama R, Nagai T, Matsunaga T, Kogawa LK, Sakamaki S, Kokai Y, Niitsu Y. A pleural effusion caused by fibrous hematopoietic tumor successfully treated with prednisolone in a patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:305-8. [PMID: 11999361 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman suffering from agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) since 1994 was being followed as an outpatient. In November 1999, she exhibited respiratory failure caused by massive pulmonary effusion, which was speculated to have been produced by chest tumors. A biopsy specimen revealed findings compatible with fibrous hematopoietic tumor (FHT): prominent fibroblasts and fibrosis with scantv megakaryocytes. Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were significantly higher than those of other cases of AMM without FHT. The effusion did not respond to administrations of various chemotherapeutic agents, but after prednisolone administration, the effusion disappeared and the tumors also diminished. TGF-beta and PDGF were the possible causes of FHT formation, and for such fibrotic extramedullary regions, the administration of prednisolone should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Hirayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashi Sapporo Hospital, Japan.
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Akatsuka T, Wada T, Kokai Y, Kawaguchi S, Isu K, Yamashiro K, Yamashita T, Sawada N, Yamawaki S, Ishii S. ErbB2 expression is correlated with increased survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Cancer 2002; 94:1397-404. [PMID: 11920494 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated ErbB2 expression and gene amplification have been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in many cancers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of ErbB2 protein in osteosarcoma is associated with the presence of pulmonary metastasis and decreased survival. By contrast, a previous study showed that the expression of ErbB2 declines in individual osteosarcomas as they become metastatic. In the current study, the authors determined the relation between ErbB2 status and outcome in a large number of selected patients with high-grade osteosarcoma. METHODS ErbB2 status was determined immunohistochemically in biopsy specimens of osteosarcoma of the extremities from 81 patients who were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. None of the patients had metastatic disease at presentation (Stage II), and all were followed-up for at least five years. The ErbB2 status was analyzed in relation to the lengths of event-free and overall survival. RESULTS Of the 81 tumors examined, 51 (61%) demonstrated high levels of ErbB2 expression. The presence of increased levels of ErbB2 in osteosarcoma was significantly associated with the increased probability of event-free (72.2% v. 45.6% at 5 years, P = 0.03) and overall survival (79.7% v. 58.2% at 5 years, P = 0.03). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the risk of adverse events and death was increased substantially (rate ratio: 2.24 and 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-4.72 and 1.09-5.67, respectively) among patients with decreased levels of ErbB2 protein in tumor cells, as compared with patients who had increased levels of ErbB2 in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS In patients with high-grade osteosarcoma without metastatic disease at presentation and treated with surgery and chemotherapy, the presence of increased levels of ErbB2 in tumor cells is associated with a significantly increased probability of event-free and overall survival. Further data are needed before this marker can be used in making clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Akatsuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Suzuki KI, Kokai Y, Sawada N, Takakuwa R, Kuwahara K, Isogai E, Isogai H, Mori M. SS1 Helicobacter pylori disrupts the paracellular barrier of the gastric mucosa and leads to neutrophilic gastritis in mice. Virchows Arch 2002; 440:318-24. [PMID: 11889604 DOI: 10.1007/s004280100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2000] [Accepted: 01/30/2001] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori induces severe neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria of the stomach, which leads to gastritis in humans. The possible involvement of a paracellular route for bacterial nutrients and etiologic agents that may play an important role in colonization of the bacteria and cause gastritis has been suggested. To study the functions of the paracellular barrier of gastric surface epithelium, SS1, a strain of H. pylori adapted to the murine stomach, was inoculated into the stomachs of C57BL/6 mice. At 4 months after inoculation, SS1 had achieved a high level of colonization (10(6)-10(7) colony-forming units/g tissue) associated with neutrophilic infiltration in the lamina propria of the junctional zone. Disruption of the paracellular barrier was observed in the SS1-infected stomachs, as revealed by the invasion of a lanthanum tracer into the paracellular space of the surface epithelium. Only 2% of junctions were permeable in control stomachs, whereas 72% of the paracellular barrier was disrupted in the SS1-infected gastric epithelia. Furthermore, distribution of tight junction-related molecules such as 7H6 antigen, occludin, and cortical actin was affected in the surface epithelium by SS1 infection. The linear expression pattern of occludin was disrupted and became irregular or punctuated. The 7H6 antigen accumulated as aggregates in the apical portion of the surface epithelium and cortical actin became irregular and punctuated. Taken together, these results indicate that infection by SS1 directly or indirectly caused an increase in paracellular permeability and altered the localization of tight junction-related molecules of the gastric surface epithelium. This observation suggests that the paracellular pathway may play a significant role in establishing H. pylori-induced gastritis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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Takakuwa Y, Kokai Y, Sasaki KI, Chiba H, Tobioka H, Mori M, Sawada N. Bile canalicular barrier function and expression of tight-junctional molecules in rat hepatocytes during common bile duct ligation. Cell Tissue Res 2002; 307:181-9. [PMID: 11845325 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-001-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2001] [Accepted: 10/23/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions of hepatocytes form the intercellular barrier between the blood circulation and bile flow. We focused on early stages of common bile duct ligation to observe changes in tight junctions without the irreversible changes seen after lengthy ligation. Common bile ducts of 12-week-old male rats were ligated for 6 h because, at this time point, no histological changes were observed. Serum bilirubin and bile acid levels began to increase 3 h after ligation and were restored to the control level immediately after surgical removal of the ligation. To examine the barrier of hapatocytes, horseradish peroxidase was injected via the femoral vein, and bile was collected for the first 10 min. A four-fold elevation of the secretion and concentration was observed in the bile of ligated rats compared with that of control animals. We next examined lanthanum permeability by perfusion fixation of the liver. At 6 h after ligation, both dilation of the bile canaliculi and partial loss of microvilli were commonly observed. There were dense deposits of lanthanum in almost all bile canaliculi of ligated rats. In control animals, neither dilation of the bile canaliculi nor loss of microvilli was detected, and only 44% of bile canaliculi exhibited deposits. An apparent increase of occludin mRNA expression was detected in livers after 6 h ligation, whereas the expression of claudin-1, -2, and -3 was not influenced by ligation. These results indicate that regulation of occludin gene expression is different from that of claudin-1, -2, and -3. The early phase of bile stasis employed in this study is thought to be an indispensable approach for understanding the precise regulation of tight junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Takakuwa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Yagihashi S, Yamagishi SI, Wada Ri R, Baba M, Hohman TC, Yabe-Nishimura C, Kokai Y. Neuropathy in diabetic mice overexpressing human aldose reductase and effects of aldose reductase inhibitor. Brain 2001; 124:2448-58. [PMID: 11701599 DOI: 10.1093/brain/124.12.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the effect of aldose reductase (AR) overexpression on the development of diabetic neuropathy by using mice transgenic for human AR. At 8 weeks of age, transgenic mice (Tg) and non-transgenic littermates (Lm) were made diabetic with streptozotocin. After 8 weeks of untreated diabetes, plasma glucose levels and the reduction in body weight were similar between the groups of diabetic animals. Despite the comparable levels of hyperglycaemia, levels of sorbitol and fructose were significantly greater in the peripheral nerve of diabetic Tg than in diabetic Lm (both P < 0.01). Ouabain sensitive Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was similarly decreased in both diabetic Tg and Lm. Protein kinase C activity in the sciatic nerve membrane fraction was unaffected by diabetes in Lm, but was reduced by nearly 40% in the diabetic Tg. Although both groups of diabetic animals exhibited a significant decrease in tibial nerve motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), this decrease was significantly more severe (P < 0.01) in diabetic Tg than in diabetic Lm. Consistent with these findings, nerve fibre atrophy was significantly more severe in diabetic Tg than in diabetic Lm (P < 0.01). These findings implicate increased polyol pathway activity in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. In support of this hypothesis, treating diabetic Tg with an aldose reductase inhibitor (WAY121-509, 4 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks significantly prevented the accumulation of sorbitol, the decrease in MNCV and the increased myelinated fibre atrophy in diabetic Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Kuwabara H, Wada T, Oda T, Yoshikawa H, Sawada N, Kokai Y, Ishii S. Overexpression of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene impairs bone morphogenetic protein responsiveness in mice. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1133-41. [PMID: 11502864 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the major hematopoietic growth factor regulating the production and differentiation of neutrophils. We previously demonstrated that permanent overexpression of G-CSF in transgenic mice produces a dramatic enlargement of the bone cavity and reduction of bone mass. This phenotype was shown to be associated with an increase of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. As a way of determining the role of G-CSF in bone formation in vivo, an ectopic bone was induced subcutaneously into G-CSF transgenic mice by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, a potent initiator of bone and cartilage from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. A BMP-2/atelocollagen pellet containing recombinant human BMP-2 was implanted into a dorsal subfascial pocket. At one week after implantation, proliferation of mesenchymal cells around the implant was significantly decreased in transgenic mice compared with control mice. At three weeks, an ectopic bone containing bone marrow was formed both in transgenic and control mice. However, the ectopic bones of the transgenic mice were smaller and less consistent than those of control mice, and the calcium contents were reduced to 56.2% of those of controls. The ectopic bone in the G-CSF mice showed poor development of both lamellar and trabecular bone. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ectopic bone at 3 weeks disclosed no significant differences in the mRNA levels of type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin between G-CSF mice and control mice. Immunohistochemical study in G-CSF mice showed reduced staining of osteocalcin in the bone matrix surrounding the reduced number of osteoblasts. The half-life of BMP in the implants was prolonged to 7 to 9 days in the G-CSF mice, whereas it was 5 days in the control mice. Collectively, the permanent expression of G-CSF may retard the differentiation process of osteoblasts by impairing the initial induction of mesenchymal cells, resulting in reduction of bone mass, suggesting that G-CSF regulates the bone metabolism by modulating both osteoclast and osteoblast function. Furthermore, it is suggested that G-CSF is a potent modulator of the BMP-2 signal pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuwabara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The c-erbB2 protooncogene is located on human chromosome 17 and encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane glycoprotein (ErbB2). Elevated ErbB2 expression or gene amplification has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of the ErbB2 protein in osteosarcoma is associated with the presence of pulmonary metastasis and decreased survival. To further investigate the role of ErbB2 overexpression in pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma, its expression in the primary and metastatic lesions of the same osteosarcoma patients was compared. METHODS We compared the expression levels of ErbB2 receptor protein between the biopsy samples and pulmonary metastatic lesions in each of 19 patients with osteosarcoma who had not presented with metastasis at diagnosis. All archival materials from patients were retrieved and stained with monoclonal antibody CB11 to detect ErbB2 protein. RESULTS The rate of overexpression was significantly lower in the pulmonary metastatic tumors than in the biopsy samples (11 versus 42%; p = 0.03). Among 8 patients who had shown increased levels of ErbB2 in the biopsy samples, 7 exhibited complete absence of ErbB2 in the pulmonary metastatic lesions. Overall loss of ErbB2 expression was noted in 14 of 19 patients as the initial tumor became metastatic. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that overexpression of ErbB2 decreases within individual osteosarcomas as they become metastatic. Overexpression of ErbB2 may not play an important role in the development of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma. Further data are needed before ErbB2 can be used in making clinical decisions for osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akatsuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
Occludin is a major membrane component of tight junctions of endothelial cells, though the role of this molecule is not fully understood. RLE cells, derived from rat lung endothelial cells, express a negligible level of occludin with clear expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1 at cell junctions. Introduction of occludin by transfection induced clear junctional expression of occludin with few or no changes of expression of E-cadherin and ZO-1. The paracellular barrier function, as determined by transelectrical resistance and flux of non-ionic small molecules, was not detectably upregulated. When cells expressing occludin were cocultured with RLE cells null for occludin, clear junctional expression of occludin was observed irrespective of the expression of occludin on the apposing cells. Cortical actin was developed at the site of these occludin positive cell junctions. Treatment of cells with an actin depolymerizing agent, mycalolide B, abolished junctional expression of occludin together with E-cadherin and circumferential actin. ZO-1 showed relative resistance to this actin depolymerizing treatment and was maintained at the cell junctions, though fragmentation of immunoreactivity was detectable. Collectively, junctional expression of occludin was not associated with paracellular barrier function in this cell line. There was, however, a close correlation of occludin with the actin cytoskeleton, indicating a role of occludin as an important molecule in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kuwabara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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45
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Kojima T, Kokai Y, Chiba H, Osanai M, Kuwahara K, Mori M, Mochizuki Y, Sawada N. Occludin and claudin-1 concentrate in the midbody of immortalized mouse hepatocytes during cell division. J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:333-40. [PMID: 11181736 DOI: 10.1177/002215540104900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that epithelial cells maintain tight junctions at all times, including during cell division, to provide a continuous epithelial seal. However, changes in localization of integral tight junction proteins during cell division have not been examined. In this study, using SV40-immortalized mouse hepatocytes transfected with human Cx32 cDNA, in which tight junction strands and the endogenous tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and ZO-2 were induced, we examined changes in localization of the tight junction proteins at all stages of cell division. All tight junction proteins were present between mitotic cells and neighboring cells throughout cell division. In late telophase, the integral tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1, but not the cytoplasmic proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2, were concentrated in the midbody between the daughter cells and were observed at cell borders between the daugher and neighboring cells. These results indicate that the integral tight junction proteins are regulated in a different manner from the cytoplasmic proteins ZO-1 and ZO-2 during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kojima
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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46
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Kojima T, Kokai Y, Chiba H, Yamamoto M, Mochizuki Y, Sawada N. Cx32 but not Cx26 is associated with tight junctions in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Exp Cell Res 2001; 263:193-201. [PMID: 11161718 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
On freeze-fracture replicas, gap junctions are frequently colocalized with tight junctions. In this study, to elucidate the relationship between gap- and tight-junction proteins, we investigated the localization of gap-junction proteins Cx32 and Cx26 and tight-junction proteins occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, and ZO-2 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, using confocal laser microscopy. In hepatocytes cultured in 2% DMSO and 10(-7) M glucagon medium, Cx32- but not Cx26-immunoreactive lines were observed on the most subapical plasma membrane at cell borders, while on the basolateral membrane both Cx32- and Cx26-positive spots were colocalized. Occludin-, claudin-1-, ZO-1-, and ZO-2-immunoreactive lines were also linearly observed on the most subapical plasma membrane and were colocalized with only Cx32-immunoreactive lines. In freeze-fracture analysis, many small gap-junction plaques were observed within a well-developed tight-junction strand network. The fence function of tight junctions in the cells, as examined by diffusion of labeled sphingomyelin, was well maintained. We also carried out Western blotting for Cx32 following immunoprecipitation with anti-occludin, anti-claudin-1, or anti-ZO-1 antibodies. Cx32 was detectable in all immunoprecipitates. These results suggest that Cx32 gap junctions, but not those with Cx26, are closely coordinated with the expression and function of tight junctions in hepatocytes and that Cx32 gap-junction formation may affect cell polarity through modification of tight-junction expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kojima
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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47
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Takakuwa R, Kokai Y, Kojima T, Akatsuka T, Tobioka H, Sawada N, Mori M. Uncoupling of gate and fence functions of MDCK cells by the actin-depolymerizing reagent mycalolide B. Exp Cell Res 2000; 257:238-44. [PMID: 10837137 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tight junction serves as a paracellular gate to seal the paracellular space of apposing cells and as a molecular fence to prevent diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids in epithelial cells. Although involvement of the actin cytoskeleton has been considered to be important in these two functions, it remains to be elucidated whether both functions are regulated in a coupled manner or differentially by actin. Treatment of highly polarized MDCK cells with mycalolide B (MB), a recently developed actin-depolymerizing reagent, induced a decrease of transepithelial resistance in a dose- and time-dependent manner with reversibility when the reagent was washed out. Changes in cytoskeletal actin, such as a reduction of cortical actin, irregularity of stress fibers, and punctated actin aggregates, were observed after MB treatment. However, the fence function, as studied by diffusion of apically labeled sphingomyelin/BSA complex, remained intact in the MB-treated MDCK cells. Localization of junctional molecules and apical marker proteins such as E-cadherin, ZO-1, and 114-kDa protein was shown to be unaffected. Furthermore, freeze-fracture study showed apparent tight junction strands. Collectively, MB treatment abolished the paracellular gate but not the fence function of MDCK cells, suggesting that cytoskeletal actin may play differential roles in the gate and fence functions of the tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Takakuwa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
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48
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Kojima T, Sawada N, Chiba H, Kokai Y, Yamamoto M, Urban M, Lee GH, Hertzberg EL, Mochizuki Y, Spray DC. Induction of tight junctions in human connexin 32 (hCx32)-transfected mouse hepatocytes: connexin 32 interacts with occludin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 266:222-9. [PMID: 10581193 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Small gap junction plaques are associated with tight junction strands in some cell types including hepatocytes and it is thought that they may be closely related to tight junctions and the establishment of cell polarity. In order to examine roles of gap junctions in regulating expression and structure of tight junctions, we transfected human Cx32 cDNA into immortalized mouse hepatocytes (CHST8 cells) which lack endogenous Cx32 and Cx26. Immunocytochemistry revealed that endogenous integral tight junction protein occludin was strongly localized and was colocalized with Cx32 at cell borders in transfectants, whereas neither was detected in parental cells. In Northern blots, mRNAs encoding occludin and the other integral tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and -2, were induced in the transfectants compared to parental cells. In Western blots, occludin protein was increased in the transfectants compared to parental cells, and binding of occludin to Cx32 protein was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. In freeze fracture of the transfectants, tight junction strands were more numerous and complex compared to parental cells, and small gap junction plaques appeared within induced tight junction strands. Nevertheless, no change in barrier function of tight junctions was observed. These results indicate that in hepatocytes, gap junction, and tight junction expression are closely coordinated, and that Cx32 may play a role in regulating occludin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kojima
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Mori M, Sawada N, Kokai Y, Satoh M. Role of tight junctions in the occurrence of cancer invasion and metastasis. Med Electron Microsc 1999; 32:193-198. [PMID: 11810444 DOI: 10.1007/s007959900000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mori
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S.1, W.17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
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50
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Igarashi Y, Utsumi H, Chiba H, Yamada-Sasamori Y, Tobioka H, Kamimura Y, Furuuchi K, Kokai Y, Nakagawa T, Mori M, Sawada N. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces barrier function of endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:108-12. [PMID: 10405331 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since a deep involvement of astrocytes, a kind of glial cells, in differentiation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been suggested, we examined the relation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to the BBB. First, immunohistochemical examination of the cerebral cortex of rats revealed that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (GFRalpha1) was preferentially expressed on the cell membranes of capillary endothelial cells. Second, to elucidate the effects of GDNF on the BBB, capillary endothelial cells isolated from the porcine cerebral cortex were cultured and then changes in tight junction function of the endothelial cells were examined after addition of GDNF, in terms of transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and permeability. GDNF at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 ng/ml significantly activated the barrier function of the endothelial cells in the presence of cAMP. Since GDNF is secreted from astrocytes sheathing capillary endothelial cells in the brain cortex, our results strongly suggest that GDNF enhances the barrier function of tight junctions of the BBB on the one hand, and also supports the survival of neurons on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Igarashi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, 060, Japan
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