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Jiao X, Li X, Du Y, Cong Y, Yang S, Chen D, Zhang T, Feng M, Hong H. Positron emission tomography guided synergistic treatment of melanoma using multifunctional zirconium-hematoporphyrin nanosonosensitizers. J Control Release 2024; 370:95-109. [PMID: 38642859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a useful approach for tumor treatment. However, its widespread application is impeded by poor pharmacokinetics of existing sonosensitizers. Here we developed a metal-organic nanoplatform, wherein a small-molecule sonosensitizer (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, HMME) was ingeniously coordinated with zirconium, resulting in a multifunctional nanosonosensitizer termed Zr-HMME. Through post-synthetic modifications involving PEGylation and tumor-targeting peptide (F3) linkage, a nanoplatform capable of homing on melanoma was produced, which could elicit robust immune responses to suppress tumor lung metastasis in the host organism. Importantly, after seamless incorporation of positron-emitting 89Zr into this nanosonosensitizer, positron emission tomography (PET) could be used to monitor its in vivo pharmacokinetics. PET imaging studies revealed that this nanoplatform exhibited potent tumor accumulation and strong in vivo stability. Using intrinsic fluorescence from HMME, a dual-modal diagnostic capability (fluorescence and PET) was confirmed for this nanosonosensitizer. In addition, the mechanisms of how this nanoplatform interacted with immune system were also investigated. The collective data proved that the coordination structure between small-molecule drug cargos and metals may enhance the functions of each other while mitigating their weaknesses. This straightforward approach can expand the potential applications of suitable drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuyang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Daiqin Chen
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, China Academy of Sciences, West No.30 Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, Nuclear Medicine Clinical Translation Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Min Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Hou J, Cong Y, Ji J, Liu Y, Hong H, Han X. Spatial targeting of fibrosis-promoting macrophages with nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:372-385. [PMID: 38072226 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to fibrosis-promoting macrophages (FPMs) holds promise as a challenging yet effective approach for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, nanocarriers composed of Mn-curcumin metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were utilized to deliver the immune inhibitor BLZ-945 to the lungs, with the goal of depleting fibrosis-promoting macrophages (FPMs) from fibrotic lung tissues. FPM targeting was achieved by functionalizing the nanocarrier surface with an M2-like FPM binding peptide (M2pep). As a result, significant therapeutic benefits were observed through the successful depletion of approximately 80 % of the M2-like macrophages (FPMs) in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse model treated with the designed M2-like FPM-targeting nanoparticle (referred to as M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur). Importantly, the released Mn2+ and curcumin after the degradation of M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur accumulated in the fibrotic lung tissue, which can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress reactions, thereby further improving IPF therapy. This study presents a novel strategy with promising prospects for molecular-targeted fibrosis therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)- based nanocarriers equipped with both fibrosis-promoting macrophage (FPM)-specific targeting ability and therapeutic drugs are appealing for pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Here, we prepared M2pep (an M2-like FPM binding peptide)-modified and BLZ945 (a small molecule inhibitor of CSF1/CSF-1R axis)-loaded Mn-curcumin MOF nanoparticles (M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur) for pulmonary fibrosis therapy. The functionalized M2NP-BLZ@Mn-Cur nanoparticles can be preferentially taken up by FPMs, resulting in their depletion from fibrotic lung tissues. In addition, Mn2+and curcumin released from the nanocarriers have anti-inflammation and immune regulation effects, which further enhance the antifibrotic effect of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Canter of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Michaux P, Gaume B, Cong Y, Quéméner O. Human body numerical simulation: An accurate model for a thigh subjected to a cold treatment. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107689. [PMID: 37984207 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the development of a digital twin model of a thigh portion subjected to various thermal treatments. Two scenarios are investigated: cold water immersion (CWI) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC), for which the comparison of numerical results with experimental measurements validates the consistency of the developed model. The use of real geometry on a first subject demonstrates the high heterogeneity of the temperature field and the need for accurate geometry. A second subject with thicker adipose tissue highlights the impact of the subject's actual morphology on the validity of the treatment and the necessity to work with real geometry in order to optimize cold modalities and develop personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Michaux
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
| | - B Gaume
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France.
| | - Y Cong
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
| | - O Quéméner
- LMEE, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91020, Evry, France
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Gong M, Wang K, Sun H, Wang K, Zhou Y, Cong Y, Deng X, Mao Y. Threshold of 25(OH)D and consequently adjusted parathyroid hormone reference intervals: data mining for relationship between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2067-2077. [PMID: 36920734 PMCID: PMC10514164 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE By recruiting reference population, we aimed to (1): estimate the 25(OH)D threshold that maximally inhibits the PTH, which can be defined as the cutoff value for vitamin D sufficiency; (2) establish the PTH reference interval (RI) in population with sufficient vitamin D. METHODS Study data were retrieved from LIS (Laboratory Information Management System) under literature suggested criteria, and outliers were excluded using Tukey fence method. Locally weighted regression (LOESS) and segmented regression (SR) were conducted to estimate the threshold of 25(OH)D. Multivariate linear regression was performed to evaluate the associations between PTH concentration and variables including 25(OH)D, gender, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR), body mass index (BMI), albumin-adjusted serum calcium (aCa), serum phosphate(P), serum magnesium(Mg), and blood collection season. Z test was adopted to evaluate whether the reference interval should be stratified by determinants such as age and gender. RESULTS A total of 64,979 apparently healthy subjects were recruited in this study, with median (Q1, Q3) 25(OH)D of 45.33 (36.15, 57.50) nmol/L and median (Q1, Q3) PTH of 42.19 (34.24, 52.20) ng/L. The segmented regression determined the 25(OH)D threshold of 55 nmol/L above which PTH would somewhat plateau and of 22 nmol/L below which PTH would rise steeply. Multivariate linear regression suggested that gender, EGFR, and BMI were independently associated with PTH concentrations. The PTH RI was calculated as 22.17-72.72 ng/L for subjects with 25(OH)D ≥ 55 nmol/L with no necessity of stratification according to gender, age, menopausal status nor season. CONCLUSION This study reported 25(OH)D thresholds of vitamin D sufficiency at 55 nmol/L and vitamin D deficiency at 22 nmol/L, and consequently established PTH RIs in subjects with sufficient vitamin D for northern China population for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - H Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - X Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Y Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Guo FP, Cong Y, Ge Y, Li TS. [Giant hepatic hemangioma manifested as fever of unknown: a case report]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:718-720. [PMID: 37263958 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220616-00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F P Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - T S Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Luo Y, Cong Y, Liu J, Huang L, Cheng W, Xu P, Yin Y, Hong H, Xu W. A pH/ROS dual-responsive nanoparticle system for tumor targeting combined chemotherapy/phototherapy. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) based nano drug delivery systems show great potential in biomedical field. In this work, a drug delivery system combined with chemotherapy and phototherapy (DOX/ICG@UiO-66-TK-PEG-F3 or simplified...
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Hu J, Feng K, Cong Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Jiao X, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dong X, Lu W, Ding Z, Hong H. Nanosized Shikonin-Fe(III) Coordination Material for Synergistic Wound Treatment: An Initial Explorative Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:56510-56524. [PMID: 36516041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin (Shik), a natural pigment, has received growing interest in various biomedical fields due to its anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant ability. However, some inherent characteristics of Shik, such as its virulence, low bioavailability, and poor solubility, have limited its biomedical applicability. Here, we reported a facile synthetic method to produce the Shik-iron (III) nanoparticles (Shik-Fe NPs), which could overcome these limitations of Shik. The synthesized Shik-Fe NPs possessed a uniform size range of 110 ± 10 nm, negative surface charges, good water dispersity, and high safety. Iron distributed uniformly inside Shik-Fe NPs, and iron constituted 20% of total mass in PEGylated Shik-Fe NPs. When interacting with activated macrophages, Shik-Fe NPs significantly reduced the level of cellular inflammatory factors, for example, iNOS, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Furthermore, the Shik-Fe NPs demonstrated synergistic anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial properties in vivo, since they could release Fe3+ and Shik to eradicate bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa were used as model microbes here) during wound infections and provide full recovery for scald wounds. Collectively, the study established a dual-functional Shik-derived nanoplatform, which could be useful for the treatment of various inflammation-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Kangkang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Xinying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Weifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Liu J, Cong Y, Zeng Y, He Y, Luo Y, Lu W, Xu H, Yin Y, Hong H, Xu W. F3
‐functionalized nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for tumor‐targeting combined chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Weifei Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultura University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yihua Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hao Hong
- Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Wenjin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan Hubei China
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Peng Y, Cong Y, Lei Y, Sun F, Xu M, Zhang J, Fang L, Hong H, Cai T. Transforming Passive into Active: Multimodal Pheophytin-Based Carbon Dots Customize Protein Corona to Target Metastatic Breast Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102270. [PMID: 35032116 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formation of protein corona on nanomaterials surface in vivo is usually considered as an unpredictable event for a predefined targeted delivery system for malignant cancers. In most situations, these protein coronas substantially change targeting efficiency or even cause adverse reactions which both hinder the clinical translation of the cargo-delivery systems. Active customization of protein corona onto nanomaterials surfaces can benefit their biomedical performances and open up new opportunities in construction of targeted delivery systems. Herein, lipid-PEG/pheophytin carbon dots (LPCDs) are prepared from natural chlorophyll and integrate seamlessly with positron emission tomography imaging, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy capacity. In vitro measurements demonstrate that the LPCDs can actively absorb apolipoproteins into the protein corona to enhance their uptakes in breast cancer cells. In vivo studies confirm that LPCDs can give accurate delineation of metastatic breast cancer foci from surrounding normal tissues with multimodal biomedical functions. The feasibility of using LPCDs as a multimodal imaging and cancer-targeting nanoplatform may provide impetus for developing precise yet facile protein corona-targeted delivery systems for future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Yuzhu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fanwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Menghan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Department of Pharmaceutics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
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Yang Z, Zhang L, Cong Y, Liu ZY. [Type 1 diabetes mellitus complicated with gastric ulcer caused by mucormycosis infection: a case report]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2022; 61:210-213. [PMID: 35090258 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210224-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z Y Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Zeng Y, Xiao J, Cong Y, Liu J, He Y, Ross BD, Xu H, Yin Y, Hong H, Xu W. PEGylated Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for Targeted Cancer Imaging and Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2195-2204. [PMID: 34591471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) are a unique type of hybrid materials, which are broadly applicable as cargo delivery systems. However, the relatively low material stability and insufficient cancer cell interacting capacity have limited nMOFs' applications in cancer theranostics. Herein, a zirconium-based nMOF UiO-66-N3 was synthesized, and its surface was covalently functionalized with alkyne-containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) via the azide-alkyne click chemistry. After that, F3 peptide was attached for targeting of cancer cells (the material was denoted as UiO-66-PEG-F3). Doxorubicin (DOX) served as a therapeutic drug and a fluorescent label in this study, and it was transported into UiO-66-PEG conjugates with sufficient drug loading efficiency. pH-responsive release of DOX from UiO-66 conjugates was witnessed. The structural integrity of UiO-66-N3 was maintained post the surface modification process. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that DOX/UiO-66-PEG-F3 had stronger accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cells (nucleolin+) compared with DOX/UiO-66-PEG. In order to track the pharmacokinetic behavior (organ distribution profile) in vivo, the positron-emitting zirconium-89 (89Zr) was incorporated into UiO-66-N3. Similar PEGylation and F3 peptide conjugation resulted in the formation of 89Zr-UiO-66-PEG-F3. Serial positron emission tomography (PET) imaging demonstrated that the preferential accumulation of 89Zr-UiO-66-PEG-F3 in MDA-MB-231 tumors, and their liver clearance was faster than PEGylated UiO-66 using noncovalent methods. Thus, the PEGylated nMOFs using covalent strategies may find broad application in future cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jinling Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Brian D Ross
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States
| | - Haixing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yihua Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wenjin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Lu W, Cong Y, Yang D, Chen D, Yang G, Wang Y, Van Dort ME, Ross BD, Mazar AP, Chu BB, Hong H. Engineered Antibody Fragment against the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator for Fast Delineation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1690-1698. [PMID: 33734721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cofactors are important regulators of tumor initiation and progression (including metastasis), and its overexpression is associated with unfavorable situations in cancer patients. We have previously used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody against the uPA (named ATN-291) to detect the uPA signaling activity in various cancer types; however, good tumor contrast can only be observed 24 h postinjection. To shorten the antibody circulation time and decrease interactions of ATN-291 with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), our goal in this study is to develop an engineered antibody fragment (F(ab')2) from the parent antibody. By pepsin digestion and chromatography purification, ATN-291 F(ab')2 was obtained and characterized. Subsequently, it was conjugated with NOTA-Bn-NCS or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) for PET imaging and fluorescence-mediated cellular analysis (i.e., flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy). We confirmed that ATN-291 F(ab')2 still maintained a good targeting efficacy for the uPA in MDA-MB-231 cells (uPA+) and it had a faster blood clearance speed compared with ATN-291, while its interaction with MPS has been significantly decreased. In rodent tumor xenografts, radiolabeled ATN-291 F(ab')2 had a selective and persistent uptake in MDA-MB-231 tumors, with an early tumor-to-blood ratio of 1.3 ± 0.8 (n = 4) at 2 h postinjection from PET imaging. During our observation, radiolabeled ATN-291 F(ab')2 was excreted from both renal and hepatobiliary pathways. Radiolabeled ATN-291 F(ab')2 was also used for detecting uPA fluctuation during the tumor treatment in test animals. We concluded that radiolabeled ATN-291 F(ab')2 could be used as fast as PET cancer diagnostics with versatile applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Lu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States
| | - Yiyang Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Daiqin Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Marcian E Van Dort
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States
| | - Brian D Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, United States
| | - Andrew P Mazar
- Monopar Therapeutics, Wilmette, Illinois 60091, United States
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agriculture University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and School of Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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13
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Stillo J, Frick M, Cong Y. Upholding ethical values and human rights at the frontier of TB research. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:48-56. [PMID: 32553044 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, human rights have played a minor role in the fight against tuberculosis (TB), even less so in TB research. This is changing, however. The WHO's End TB Strategy and Ethics Guidance stress respect for human rights and ethical principles in every area of TB care, including research. The desired reductions in TB incidence and mortality are impossible without new tools and strategies to fight the disease. Yet, little suggests that the current state of TB research-including funding levels, evidence being produced, and community involvement-will alleviate concerns related to the availability, accessibility, and acceptability of TB diagnostics, drugs, and prevention in the near future. In this article, we consider these ethics concerns in relation to the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and the right to health. We also reflect on community involvement in research and offer recommendations in the spirit of the rights to health and science, such as involving affected communities in all aspects of research planning, execution, and dissemination. Finally, we argue that states have a responsibility under international law for the continued realization of the right to health. This realization rests, in part, on the realization of the right to science.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stillo
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - M Frick
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Cong
- Program of Medical Ethics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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14
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Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacterium that produces spores. Due to its excellent stability, it has been widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Recent studies have shown that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases, such as acute diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhoea, constipation and colitis via modulation of the microbiota composition, host immunity and metabolism. Additionally, toxicological experiments and a large number of clinical observations have showed that B. coagulans is safe and has no effect of mutagenicity, teratogenicity or genotoxicity. This review summarises the latest advances associated with B. coagulans, from its biological features, probable action mechanisms, toxicity, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mu
- Gastroenterology department, Liaohe Oilfield Central Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning 124010, China P.R
| | - Y. Cong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China P.R
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15
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Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is a probiotic bacterium that produces spores. Due to its excellent stability, it has been widely used in medicine, food and chemical industry. Recent studies have shown that B. coagulans has therapeutic effects on intestinal diseases, such as acute diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, antibiotic-related diarrhoea, constipation and colitis via modulation of the microbiota composition, host immunity and metabolism. Additionally, toxicological experiments and a large number of clinical observations have showed that B. coagulans is safe and has no effect of mutagenicity, teratogenicity or genotoxicity. This review summarises the latest advances associated with B. coagulans, from its biological features, probable action mechanisms, toxicity, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mu
- 1 Gastroenterology department, Liaohe Oilfield Central Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning 124010, China P.R
| | - Y Cong
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China P.R
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16
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Sugimura H, Cong Y, Mishima S, Nomori H, Takeshi A. P1.16-54 The Significance of Multiple Lung Cancer Occurrence in Surgically-Treated Clincal Stage I Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Shi Y, He C, Ma C, Yu T, Cong Y, Cai W, Liu Z. Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) inhibits intestinal inflammation through regulation of epithelial barrier function. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:835-845. [PMID: 29426045 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Our results demonstrated that SNIP1 was markedly decreased in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from IBD patients compared with healthy controls. Impaired expression of SNIP1 caused a significant decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance but an increase of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux in Caco-2 monolayers, whereas overexpression of SNIP1 reversed such effects. Overexpression of SNIP1 also inhibited the activity of NF-κB p65 and proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) by IEC. Importantly, supplementation of exogenous SNIP1 significantly ameliorated intestinal mucosal inflammation in experimental colitis, characterized by less-severe intestinal epithelial barrier damage and decreased proinflammatory cytokine production. Our data thus demonstrated a novel mechanism whereby SNIP1 regulates intestinal inflammation through modulating intestinal epithelial barrier function. Targeting SNIP1 may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - C He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - W Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Huang Z, Sun B, Wu S, Meng X, Cong Y, Shen G, Song S. A Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Sun M, He C, Wu W, Zhou G, Liu F, Cong Y, Liu Z. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α-induced interleukin-33 expression in intestinal epithelia contributes to mucosal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:428-440. [PMID: 27921309 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), an important barrier to gut microbiota, are subject to low oxygen tension, particularly during intestinal inflammation. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is expressed highly in the inflamed mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and functions as a key regulator in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how IEC-derived HIF-1α regulates intestinal immune responses in IBD is still not understood completely. We report here that the expression of HIF-1α and IL-33 was increased significantly in the inflamed mucosa of IBD patients as well as mice with colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The levels of interleukin (IL)-33 were correlated positively with that of HIF-1α. A HIF-1α-interacting element was identified in the promoter region of IL-33, indicating that HIF-1α activity regulates IL-33 expression. Furthermore, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) facilitated the HIF-1α-dependent IL-33 expression in IEC. Our data thus demonstrate that HIF-1α-dependent IL-33 in IEC functions as a regulatory cytokine in inflamed mucosa of IBD, thereby regulating the intestinal inflammation and maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - C He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Sun M, He C, Cong Y, Liu Z. Regulatory immune cells in regulation of intestinal inflammatory response to microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:969-978. [PMID: 26080708 PMCID: PMC4540654 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lumen harbors nearly 100 trillion commensal bacteria that exert crucial function for health. An elaborate balance between immune responses and tolerance to intestinal microbiota is required to maintain intestinal homeostasis. This process depends on diverse regulatory mechanisms, including both innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of the homeostasis between intestinal immune systems and microbiota has been shown to be associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible populations. In this review, we discuss the recent progress reported in studies of distinct types of regulatory immune cells in the gut, including intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, alternatively activated macrophages, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and how dysfunction of this immune regulatory system contributes to intestinal diseases such as IBD. Moreover, we discuss the manipulation of these regulatory immune cells as a potential therapeutic method for management of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Intestinal Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - C He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Intestinal Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Intestinal Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zheng X, Chu H, Cong Y, Deng Y, Long Y, Zhu Y, Pohl D, Fried M, Dai N, Fox M. Self-reported lactose intolerance in clinic patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on food choices. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1138-46. [PMID: 26095206 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients complain of abdominal symptoms with dairy products; however, clinical and psychosocial factors associated with self-reported lactose intolerance (SLI) have not been assessed in large studies. In particular, data are lacking from lactase deficient populations. This prospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of, and risk factors for, SLI in Chinese patients attending a gastroenterology clinic. METHODS Consecutive patients completed questionnaires to assess digestive health (Rome III), psychological state (HADS), life event stress (LES), food intake, and quality-of-life (SF-8). A representative sample completed genetic studies and hydrogen breath testing (HBT) at the clinically relevant dose of 20 g lactose. KEY RESULTS SLI was present in 411/910 (45%) clinic patients with functional abdominal symptoms. The genotype in all subjects was C/C-13910. A small number of novel SNPs in lactase promoter region were identified, including C/T-13908 which appeared to confer lactase persistence. Over half of the patients (54%) completed the 20 g lactose HBT with 58% (285/492) reporting typical symptoms. Positive and negative predictive values of SLI for abdominal symptoms during HBT were 60% and 44%, respectively. Psychological state and stress were not associated with SLI in clinic patients. SLI impacted on physical quality-of-life and was associated with reduced ingestion of dairy products, legumes, and dried fruit (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In a lactase deficient population, approximately half of patients attending clinic with functional gastrointestinal symptoms reported intolerance to dairy products; however, SLI did not predict findings on 20 g lactose HBT. Independent of psychosocial factors, SLI impacted on quality-of-life and impacted on food choices with restrictions not limited to dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Cong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - D Pohl
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M Fox
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Zürich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Nomori H, Cong Y, Sugimura H. P-246SENTINEL NODE IDENTIFICATION DURING SEGMENTECTOMY USING INDOCYANINE GREEN FLUORESCENCE IMAGING FOR cT1N0M0 NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv204.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Li HF, Xie XH, Zheng YF, Cong Y, Zhou FY, Qiu KJ, Wang X, Chen SH, Huang L, Tian L, Qin L. Development of biodegradable Zn-1X binary alloys with nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10719. [PMID: 26023878 PMCID: PMC4448657 DOI: 10.1038/srep10719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Besides the early launched biodegradable Mg and Fe metals, Zn, an essential element with osteogenic potential of human body, is regarded and studied as a new kind of potential biodegradable metal quite recently. Unfortunately, pure Zn is soft, brittle and has low mechanical strength in the practice, which needs further improvement in order to meet the clinical requirements. On the other hand, the widely used industrial Zn-based alloys usually contain biotoxic elements (for instance, ZA series contain toxic Al elements up to 40 wt.%), which subsequently bring up biosafety concerns. In the present work, novel Zn-1X binary alloys, with the addition of nutrition elements Mg, Ca and Sr were designed (cast, rolled and extruded Zn-1Mg, Zn-1Ca and Zn-1Sr). Their microstructure and mechanical property, degradation and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were studied systematically. The results demonstrated that the Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys have profoundly modified the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of pure Zn. Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys showed great potential for use in a new generation of biodegradable implants, opening up a new avenue in the area of biodegradable metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X H Xie
- 1] Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China [2] The Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China [3] The Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, the Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y F Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Cong
- College of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F Y Zhou
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University,Harbin, China
| | - K J Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University,Harbin, China
| | - X Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University,Harbin, China
| | - S H Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Huang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Tian
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics &Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Zhao J, Zheng X, Chu H, Zhao J, Cong Y, Fried M, Fox M, Dai N. A study of the methodological and clinical validity of the combined lactulose hydrogen breath test with scintigraphic oro-cecal transit test for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in IBS patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:794-802. [PMID: 24641100 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be a cause of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, current investigations have important limitations. We aimed to identify clinically relevant diagnostic criteria for SIBO based on lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT) alone and combined with scintigraphic measurement of oro-cecal transit (SOCT). METHODS Results of LHBT/SOCT investigation from 89 IBS patients and 13 healthy volunteers were included in a systematic analysis of six published criteria for SIBO diagnosis. Clinical relevance of competing criteria was determined by assessing (i) prevalence of SIBO in IBS patients and healthy volunteers (ii) if SIBO diagnosis predicted improvement in IBS symptoms in a prospective, pilot therapeutic trial of a non-absorbable antibiotic (rifaximin 600 mg b.d.) in IBS patients. KEY RESULTS Reproducibility of SIBO diagnosis by combined LHBT/SOCT was near perfect. A ≥5 ppm H2 increase prior to appearance of cecal contrast was detected in more IBS patients than healthy volunteers (35/89 vs 1/13; p = 0.026), but not for other diagnostic criteria. IBS patients with SIBO, compared to those without SIBO, reported significantly greater improvement in abdominal symptoms following rifaximin therapy (p < 0.002 overall IBS symptom severity). This improvement was most marked in D-IBS patients in whom all symptoms improved, including stool frequency and consistency (all p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Combined LHBT/SOCT testing using a H2 5 ppm cutoff may identify a subgroup of IBS patients with SIBO. Pilot data examining the clinical response to rifaximin suggest that this subset of IBS patients may benefit more than those with a normal test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Yang J, Fox M, Cong Y, Chu H, Zheng X, Long Y, Fried M, Dai N. Lactose intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhoea: the roles of anxiety, activation of the innate mucosal immune system and visceral sensitivity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:302-11. [PMID: 24308871 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) often report intolerance to milk; however, the mechanism underlying these symptoms is unknown. AIM To assess the role of psychological factors, immune activation and visceral sensitivity on the development of lactose intolerance (LI) in IBS-D patients. METHODS Fifty-five IBS-D patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs) with lactase deficiency underwent a 20-g lactose hydrogen breath test (LHBT). Patients were categorised as lactose malabsorption (LM; malabsorption only) or LI [malabsorption plus increase in total symptom score (TSS). Measurements included (i) psychological status; (ii) enteric biopsies with quantification of mast cells (MCs), T-lymphocytes and enterochromaffin cells; (iii) serum cytokines; (iv) rectal sensitivity before and after lactose ingestion. RESULTS LI was more prevalent in IBS-D patients than HCs [25/55 (46%) vs. 3/18 (17%), P = 0.029]. IBS-D patients with LI had (i) higher levels of anxiety than those with LM (P = 0.017) or HCs (P = 0.006); (ii) increased mucosal MCs compared with LM (P = 0.006) and HCs (P < 0.001); (iii) raised serum TNF-α compared with LM (P = 0.034) and HCs (P < 0.001) and (iv) increased rectal sensitivity after lactose ingestion compared with LM (P < 0.001) or HCs (P < 0.001). Severity of abdominal symptoms after lactose ingestion was associated with the increase in visceral sensitivity after lactose intake (r = 0.629, P < 0.001), MCs (r = 0.650, P < 0.001) and anxiety (r = 0.519, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS IBS-D patients with lactose intolerence are characterised by anxiety, mucosal immune activation and increased visceral sensitivity after lactose ingestion. The presence of these biomarkers may indicate an IBS phenotype that responds to dietary therapy and/or mast cell stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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Liu C, Xia X, Wu W, Wu R, Tang M, Chen T, Xu F, Cong Y, Xu X, Liu Z. Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy enhances mucosal healing through down-regulation of interleukin-21 expression and T helper type 17 cell infiltration in Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:102-11. [PMID: 23607532 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) (infliximab, IFX) has been shown to be highly effective in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). Herein we investigated the potential role of IFX in inducing clinical remission and regulating interleukin (IL)-21 expression and T helper type 17 (Th17) cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients. Twenty-six CD patients were treated with IFX at weeks 0, 2 and 6. Clinical response, mucosal healing, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated at week 10 after IFX administration. Expression of IL-21, IL-17A and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) in intestinal mucosa were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Peripheral blood and lamina propria CD4(+) T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs in the presence of IFX. Cytokine profiles and RORC were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR. IL-21 and Th17 cells were found to be expressed highly in inflamed mucosa of active CD patients compared with healthy controls. Ten weeks after IFX infusion, CD activity index, ESR, CRP and intestinal mucosal healing were improved markedly in CD patients, and IL-21 expression and Th17 cell infiltration were decreased significantly compared with those before IFX therapy. In-vitro study demonstrated that IFX treatment could suppress IL-21, IL-17A and RORC expression in cultured CD biopsies. Moreover, IFX was also observed to down-regulate markedly IL-17A, IL-21 and RORC expression by CD CD4(+) T cells. IFX is highly effective in inducing clinical remission and promoting intestinal mucosal healing in CD patients through down-regulation of IL-21 expression and Th17 cell infiltration in intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Zhao J, Fox M, Cong Y, Chu H, Shang Y, Fried M, Dai N. Lactose intolerance in patients with chronic functional diarrhoea: the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31:892-900. [PMID: 20132150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies report a high prevalence of lactose intolerance in patients with functional, gastrointestinal disease. AIM To evaluate the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in condition of lactose intolerance and the mechanism by which SIBO may impact lactose tolerance in affected patients. METHODS Consecutive out-patients with chronic functional diarrhoea (CFD) and healthy controls underwent a validated 20 g lactose hydrogen breath test (HBT). Patients completed also a 10 g lactulose HBT with concurrent assessment of small bowel transit by scintigraphy. RESULTS Lactose malabsorption was present in 27/31 (87%) patients with CFD and 29/32 (91%) healthy controls (P = 0.708). From the patient group 14/27 (52%) had lactose intolerance and 13/27 (48%) experienced no symptoms (lactose malabsorption controls). Only 5 (17%) healthy controls reported symptoms (P < 0.01). The oro-caecal transit time was similar between patient groups with or without symptoms (P = 0.969). SIBO was present in 11 (41%) subjects and was more prevalent in lactose intolerance than in lactose malabsorption [9/14 (64%) vs. 2/13 (15%), P = 0.018]. Symptom severity was similar in lactose intolerance patients with and without SIBO (P = 0.344). CONCLUSIONS Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth increases the likelihood of lactose intolerance in patients with CFD as a direct result of lactose fermentation in the small intestine, independent of oro-caecal transit time and visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Abstract
Many mathematical models for gene regulatory networks have been proposed. In this study, the authors study attractors in probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs). They study the expected number of singleton attractors in a PBN and show that it is (2 - (1/2)(L-1))(n), where n is the number of nodes in a PBN and L is the number of Boolean functions assigned to each node. In the case of L=2, this number is simplified into 1.5(n). It is an interesting result because it is known that the expected number of singleton attractors in a Boolean network (BN) is 1. Then, we present algorithms for identifying singleton and small attractors and perform both theoretical and computational analyses on their average case time complexities. For example, the average case time complexities for identifying singleton attractors of a PBN with L=2 and L=3 are O(1.601(n)) and O(1.763(n)), respectively. The results of computational experiments suggest that these algorithms are much more efficient than the naive algorithm that examines all possible 2(n) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayashida
- Kyoto University, Institute for Chemical Research, Bioinformatics Center, Kyoto, JapanThe University of Hong Kong, Advanced Modelling and Applied Computing Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong.
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29
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Dai N, Cong Y, Yuan H. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among undergraduates in Southeast China. Dig Liver Dis 2008; 40:418-24. [PMID: 18339591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a wide range in reported prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome worldwide. From the data appeared recently in medical literatures in China, it seems that the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in young adults is not dissimilar to the one in the Western countries. AIMS To explore the prevalence and epidemiological variations of irritable bowel syndrome in an undergraduate student population in Southeast China on the basis of the Rome II and Rome III criteria. METHODS All the undergraduate student participants were administered self-report diagnostic measures for irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS The sex-adjusted prevalence rate of irritable bowel syndrome was 4.7% (Rome II) and 10.4% (Rome III), respectively. When we combined irritable bowel syndrome mixed and irritable bowel syndrome unsubtyped in the Rome III subgroups into one group considering the counterpart in the Rome II subgroups was alternative irritable bowel syndrome, the agreement between the two ways to subdivide these 54 patients who were identified with irritable bowel syndrome by both the two criteria was 81%, with a kappa value of 0.67. By the Rome III criteria, we found a female predominance which was especially attributed to the subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and unsubtyped. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that, in young adults in Southeast China, changing diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome from Rome II to Rome III may affect women more than men on not only the overall prevalence rate but also the sex-difference present or not, especially in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and irritable bowel syndrome unsubtyped subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
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30
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Abstract
Early in oral tolerance induction, IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells were increased, and adoptive transfer of IL-10-deficient CD4(+) T cells failed induction of oral tolerance, suggesting a key role of IL-10 production in such a process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-motifs in a particular sequence context activate vertebrate immune cells. We examined the significance of negatively charged internucleoside linkages in the flanking sequences 5' and 3' to the CpG-motif on immunostimulatory activity. Cell proliferation and secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 in mouse spleen cell cultures, and spleen weights of mice increased significantly when a non-ionic linkage was placed at least four or more internucleoside linkages away from the CpG-motif in the 5'-flanking sequence. When the non-ionic linkage was placed closer than three internucleoside linkages in the 5'-flanking sequence to the CpG-motif, immunostimulatory activity was suppressed compared with that observed with the unmodified parent oligo. In general, the placement of non-ionic linkage in the 3'-flanking sequence to the CpG-motif either did not affect or slightly increased immunostimulatory activity compared with the parent oligo. These results have significance in understanding CpG oligonucleotide-receptor interactions and the development of potent immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yu
- Hybridon Inc., 345 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Yu D, Kandimalla ER, Zhao Q, Cong Y, Agrawal S. Modulation of immunostimulatory activity of CpG oligonucleotides by site-specific deletion of nucleobases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2263-7. [PMID: 11527711 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nucleobase deletion in the 3'- or the 5'-flanking sequence to a CpG-motif on immunostimulatory activity of CpG-containing oligonucleotides was examined by cell proliferation, secretion of IL-12 and IL-6 in mouse spleen cell cultures, and by spleen enlargement in mice. Deletion of one or two nucleobases in the 3'-flanking sequence to a CpG-motif at certain positions did not affect immunostimulatory activity, while similar deletions in the 5'-flanking sequence increased immunostimulatory activity compared with the parent oligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yu
- Hybridon, Inc., 345 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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33
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Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is the interface between the immune system and the massive antigenic load represented by the commensal enteric bacteria. These commensal bacteria drive the development of the mucosal immune system, and in turn most of the lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa appear to be specific for enteric bacteria antigens. Proper regulation of the responses of these anti-bacterial lymphocytes are extremely important because T cell effectors reactive to enteric bacterial antigens have been shown to cause chronic intestinal inflammation in an adoptive transfer system. The cells and molecules important in regulating mucosal immune response are now being identified. Insights into the mechanisms of mucosal regulation have come from a number of genetically manipulated mouse strains which develop inflammatory bowel disease in response to the enteric bacterial flora. CD4(+)T cells with regulatory function in the mucosa are being identified; other cell types such as CD8(+)T cells. NK cells, and B cells may also have a role in mucosal immune regulation. A model for T cell-immune homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Elson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT), the enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae, is a potent mucosal and systemic immunogen and adjuvant. The precise mechanism of the adjuvanticity of CT is poorly understood. Our previous work has showed that CT up-regulates B7.2, but not B7.1 expression on macrophages, and thus increases their co-stimulatory activity. In the current study, the effects of CT on macrophage co-stimulatory cytokine production were investigated. Bone marrow macrophages were generated by culturing bone marrow cells with macrophage colony-stimulating factor. CT treatment increased endotoxin-stimulated macrophage IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1beta production, whereas it decreased IL-12, TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production. Antibody blocking experiments showed that CT inhibition of IL-12 and TNF-alpha production was mediated by increased IL-10 production, in that addition of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody abrogated CT inhibition. The decrease in nitric oxide production was in turn secondary to inhibition of TNF-alpha production. Taken together, our study demonstrated that CT has differential effects on various macrophage co-stimulatory cytokines, effects that are likely to contribute to its adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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35
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Bristol IJ, Farmer MA, Cong Y, Zheng XX, Strom TB, Elson CO, Sundberg JP, Leiter EH. Heritable susceptibility for colitis in mice induced by IL-10 deficiency. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2000; 6:290-302. [PMID: 11149562 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.3780060407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Severity of inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10 gene-targeted mice is in part determined by genetic background. In the current study, a targeted IL-10 gene was transferred into the C3H/HeJBir substrain, known to exhibit high T-cell and B-cell responses to enteric flora, and to be highly sensitive to colitigenic stress. IL-10-deficient C3H/HeJBir mice developed early onset colitis in contrast to IL-10-deficient C57BL/6J congenic mice. Histopathologic analysis of disease in C3H/HeJBir.Il10-/- and C57BL/6J.Il10-/- mice showed significant differences at all ages studied. Hybrids of these congenic strains (F1.Il10-/-) were produced to study the mode of inheritance as well as subphenotypes that correlated with histopathology. Lesions in F1 mice were intermediate between parental strains. C3H-contributed subphenotypes that correlated best with histopathology were peripheral blood granulocyte percentage, serum amyloid A concentration, spleen weight/body weight ratio, and mesenteric lymph node weight/ body weight ratio. Neither enhanced humoral immunity (secretory IgA, anti-Escherichia coli cellular membrane Ig) characteristic of C3H/HeJBir, nor T-cell percentages in peripheral blood correlated as well. This study represents a necessary step in elucidating murine genetic modifiers controlling colitis sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Bristol
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
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36
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Cong Y, Weaver CT, Lazenby A, Elson CO. Colitis induced by enteric bacterial antigen-specific CD4+ T cells requires CD40-CD40 ligand interactions for a sustained increase in mucosal IL-12. J Immunol 2000; 165:2173-82. [PMID: 10925304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.4.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C3H/HeJBir is a mouse substrain that is highly susceptible to colitis. Their CD4+ T cells react to Ags of the commensal enteric bacteria, and the latter can mediate colitis when activated by these Ags and transferred to histocompatible scid recipients. In this study, multiple long-term C3H/HeJBir CD4+ T cell (Bir) lines reactive to commensal enteric bacterial Ags have been generated. All these were Ag specific, pauciclonal, and Th1 predominant; most induced colitis uniformly after transfer to scid recipients. Lesions were focal and marked by increased expression of IL-12p40 and IFN-gamma mRNA and protein. Pathogenic Bir T cell lines expressed CD40 ligand (CD40L) when cultured with Ag-pulsed APCs in vitro. Production of IL-12 was also increased in such cultures, an effect that was Ag- and T cell-dependent and required costimulation by CD40, but not by B7. The two Bir T cell lines that did not induce lesions after transfer failed to significantly express CD40L or increase IL-12 when cultured with Ag-pulsed APCs. Administration of anti-CD40L blocked disease expression induced by pathogenic T cells. We conclude that interactions in the colon mucosa between CD40L-expressing Bir Th1 cells with APCs endogenously loaded with commensal bacterial Ags are critical for sustained increases in local IL-12 production and progression to colitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/physiology
- CD40 Ligand
- Cell Line
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/microbiology
- Colitis/pathology
- Colitis/prevention & control
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, SCID
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/microbiology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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37
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) are a ubiquitous mode of transmitting signals in cells and tissues. We are testing a stepwise, generic, structure-driven approach for finding low molecular weight inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. The approach requires development of a high-affinity, single chain antibody directed specifically against the interaction surface of one of the proteins to obtain structural information on the interface. To this end, we developed a single chain antibody (sc1E3) against hIL-1beta that exhibited the equivalent affinity of the soluble IL-1 receptor type I (sIL-1R) for hIL-1beta and competitively blocked the sIL-1R from binding to the cytokine. The antibody proved to be more specific for hIL-1beta than the sIL-1R in that it failed to bind to either murine IL-1beta or human/murine IL-1alpha proteins. Additionally, failure of sc1E3 to bind to several hIL-1beta mutant proteins, altered at receptor site B, indicated that the antibody interacted preferentially with this site. This, coupled with other surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements, shows that sc1E3 can achieve comparable affinity of binding hIL-1beta as the receptor through interactions at a smaller interface. This stable single chain antibody based heterodimer has simplified the complexity of the IL-1/IL-1R PPI system and will facilitate the design of the low molecular weight inhibitors of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Chrunyk
- Pfizer Central Research Division, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
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38
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Abstract
C3H/HeJBir is a substrain of C3H/HeJ mice that was generated by selective breeding for the phenotype of spontaneous colitis. These mice show increased B cell and T cell reactivity to antigens of the enteric bacterial flora. CD4+ T cells from this strain cause colitis, when activated by enteric bacterial antigens and transferred to histocompatible severe combined immunodeficient recipients. The expression of the disease phenotype of spontaneous colitis is greatly influenced by housing conditions and probably requires an immunostimulatory enteric flora. This strain seems to carry multiple susceptibility genes for colitis as does the parental C3H/HeJ strain; the genes involved are being mapped. This strain represents a high susceptibility phenotype for colitis that is providing insight into the interactions among immune, environmental and genetic factors that can result in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-0007, USA
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39
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Zhu Q, Zeng C, Huhalov A, Yao J, Turi TG, Danley D, Hynes T, Cong Y, DiMattia D, Kennedy S, Daumy G, Schaeffer E, Marasco WA, Huston JS. Extended half-life and elevated steady-state level of a single-chain Fv intrabody are critical for specific intracellular retargeting of its antigen, caspase-7. J Immunol Methods 1999; 231:207-22. [PMID: 10648939 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
8 h) and high steady-state levels of protein accumulation, while the H2 intrabodies had a half-life of 2 h and less protein at steady state. These results suggest that the choice of sFv as an intrabody depends critically on the intracellular sFv protein having an extended half-life and elevated steady-state level. Thus, extended half-life must be considered together with sFv antibody specificity and affinity when choosing an optimal sFv intrabody for functional studies of cellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhu
- IntraImmune Therapies Inc., P.O. Box 15599, Boston, MA 02215-0011,
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40
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Saparov A, Kraus LA, Cong Y, Marwill J, Xu XY, Elson CO, Weaver CT. Memory/effector T cells in TCR transgenic mice develop via recognition of enteric antigens by a second, endogenous TCR. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1253-64. [PMID: 10421783 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.8.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of clonotypic CD4(+) T cells in the intestinal lamina propria of DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice have an activated/memory phenotype and produce effector cytokines despite the absence of prior exposure to ovalbumin (OVA), the transgene-specific antigen. A small number of splenic T cells have a similar phenotype. Clonotypic T cells from Peyer's patch are intermediate in both phenotype and effector cytokine production. Flow cytometric analysis of cells isolated from thymectomized, OVA-naive DO11.10 mice treated with continuous administration of BrdU indicated that a significant fraction of clonotype-positive T cells in the lamina propria and Peyer's patch were in the cell cycle, with significantly fewer cycling cells in the spleen. Most of the cycling cells from each anatomic site expressed low levels of CD45RB. Effector cytokine expression was enriched in the CD45RB(low) populations. These memory/effector cell populations were eliminated in DO11.10/SCID and DO11.10/RAG-2(-/-) mice, suggesting that recognition of non-OVA antigens through a second, non-clonotypic TCR was driving differentiation of memory/effector cells in naive BALB/c DO11.10 mice. Clonotypic CD4(+) T cells isolated from DO11.10, but not from DO11.10/SCID or DO11.10/RAG-2(-/-) mice, were stimulated to enter the cell cycle by antigen-presenting cells pulsed with an intestinal bacterial antigen extract. These data provide direct evidence that enteric bacterial antigens can activate transgenic T cells through a second, non-clonotypic TCR, and support the notion that the development and turnover of memory/effector cells in vivo is driven by the intestinal flora.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunologic Memory
- In Situ Hybridization
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestine, Small/cytology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peyer's Patches/cytology
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Staining and Labeling
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saparov
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Station, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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41
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Wang H, Chen H, Xia N, Tan W, Chen G, Liu Y, Cong Y, Sun J, Zeng D, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhan M. cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of hepatitis G virus genome isolated from a Chinese blood donor. Chin Med J (Engl) 1999; 112:747-9. [PMID: 11601287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain full-length sequence of a Chinese hepatitis G virus (HGV) strain (HGVch) and investigate the genetic characteristic of HGVch and its identity to other isolates. METHODS Reverse transcription (RT) and nested-PCR were used to screen HGV RNA positive serum and amplify cDNA fragments. A positive serum without known hepatitis virus markers was selected for isolating HGV RNA template. The HGV genome was divided into 12 overlapping fragments and directly cloned into pGEM-T vector. Sequences were determined by dideoxy terminus-end method of DNA sequencing and then analyzed by computer. RESULTS The twelve fragments of HGVch cover 9213 nucleotides in length, containing a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding 2873 animo acids polyprotein that began with a methonine residue and ended at termination codon. HGVch is about 86.5%-89.5% identical to other known HGV isolates at the nucleotide level and about 93.9%-96.2% at the deduced animo acid level. CONCLUSION HGV is a non-A-E hepatitis causal agent, proved to be related with posttransfusion hepatitis in all over the world. Chinese HGV isolate has very close relationship to other isolates from Africa, Europe, Japan, without significant difference across the entire genome. It is suggested that the sequences of HGV isolates are very conservative and the evolution is very slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Institute of Virology, Beijing 100052, China
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42
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Liao S, Zhan M, Cong Y. [The clinical and enzymatic changes in patients with viral hepatitis G infection]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 1998; 12:333-5. [PMID: 12526347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of making sure the clinical significance of hepatitis G virus, RT-nested PCR was applied to detect HGV RNA in 165 hepatitis patients, which included 24 acute hepatitis, 78 chronic hepatitis, 18 hepatitic cirrhosis, 4 hepatocellularcarcinom and 41 HBV and HCV carriers. The results showed that the infection of HGV existed in all kinds of hepatitis patients. Among the acute hepatitis 12.5% (3/24) was HGV RNA positive. 19 (24.4%) cases were HGV RNA positive in chronic hepatitis, among which 4 cases were simply HGV RNA positive (5.13%). The serum ALT level in 3 cases of simple acute HGV patients was between 488 +/- 65 U/L, the value of AST between 452 +/- 71 U/L, the TBiL at about 77.1 +/- 14.3 mumol/L. All these showed that only HGV infection could lead to acute hepatitis. The rising enzyme dropped to normal about a month later in acute hepatitis while HGV RNA would remain. The problem whether HGV infection is caused by simple acute and chronic hepatitis infection is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liao
- Department of Digestion, Tian Tan Affiliated Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050
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43
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Abstract
The major ethical challenges for critical care medicine in China include the high cost of patient care in the ICU, the effect of payment mechanisms on access to critical care, the fact that much more money is spent on patients who die than on ones who live, the extent to which an attempt to rescue and save a patient is made, and the great geographical disparity in distribution of critical care. The ethical problems surrounding critical care medicine bear much relation to the culture, public policy and health care system in China. The essay concludes that China should allocate more resources to ordinary medical services rather than to critical care medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Department of Medical Ethics, Beijing Medical University, PR China
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Elson CO, Cong Y, Brandwein S, Weaver CT, McCabe RP, Mähler M, Sundberg JP, Leiter EH. Experimental models to study molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal inflammation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 859:85-95. [PMID: 9928372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Experimental animal models, particularly the newer mouse models, have convincingly demonstrated that CD+ T cells play a central role in chronic intestinal inflammation. Such CD4+ effector T cells are induced by the bacterial flora. In at least one model, it is conventional protein antigens that are stimulating these pathogenic T cells. The antigens driving disease seem to be a selective subset of immunodominant proteins, likely derived from a subset of organisms. Multiple genes contribute to colitis susceptibility and a number of these genes are being localized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O Elson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294, USA
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Cong Y, Tan W, Chen G. [Detection of hepatitis G virus infection among clinical patients with hepatitis/liver diseases in China by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 1998; 12:173-5. [PMID: 12515201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
According to two highly conserved genome sequences within the helicase(NS3) region and 5'-uncoding(5' UTR) region, we designed two sets of primer pairs to detect HGV RNA by RT-nested PCR in order to study HGV infection in Chinese population. Three hundred and fifty-four serum specimens of various liver diseases were collected from Beijing, Qin Huangdao and Henan areas. Seventy-nine out of 354(22.3%) specimens were HGV RNA positive. Among 254 known clinical hepatitis/liver disease samples, 50(19.6%) were HGV RNA positive. Thirteen HGV RNA positive samples(30.2%) were derived from 43 cryptogenic or nonA-E hepatitis. In 57 commercial blood donors who were antibody positive to HCV 16(30.2%) were HGV RNA positive, suggesting HGV infection is common in various population. It may be an etiological factor which leads to nonA-E hepatitis and post-transfusion hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100052
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Tan W, Xia N, Cong Y. [Identification of hepatitis C or/and G virus RNA in one tube by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 1998; 12:176-8. [PMID: 12515202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C and G viruses belong to the flaviviridae family. They have similar modes of transmission. The dual infection of HGV and HCV were reported. A simultaneous detection for HCV or/and HGV was established by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction(RT-nested PCR). The primers were derived from the 5' non-coding region of HCV and NS3 region of HGV, and the length of the PCR product was between 170 bp and 300 bp. RT-nested PCR can be finished in one test tube and HGV and/or HCV can be detected simultaneously in one RT-nest PCR. 153 samples were detected by his method. Our results showed that the established assay is useful for screening and identification of HCV or/and HGV RNA. This method is simple and specific practicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tan
- Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100052
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The expression of the lymphocyte homing receptor and activation marker L-selectin is different in colon and small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). In this study, the mechanism of this difference in L-selectin expression was investigated. METHODS L-selectin expression on lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry. L-selectin messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. L-Selectin expression on peripheral lymphocytes was analyzed after incubation with cytokines, food and bacterial antigens, and homogenates of small and large bowel. RESULTS L-selectin was expressed by none of the small intestinal IELs but by 30% of those in the colon and by 60% of splenocytes. mRNA for L-selectin was detectable in isolated lymphocytes of all three sites. L-Selectin was down-regulated in colon IELs during colitis and up-regulated in small intestinal IELs after in vitro culture for 48 hours. Incubation of splenocytes with small intestinal homogenates led to a rapid down-regulation of L-selectin (1% vs. 60% untreated). Preincubation with a metalloproteinase inhibitor prevented L-selectin loss. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of the differential expression of L-selectin in mouse small intestine and colon appears to be an increased functional activity of a metalloproteinase (sheddase) in the small intestine compared with the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Seibold
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007, USA
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Cong Y, Brandwein SL, McCabe RP, Lazenby A, Birkenmeier EH, Sundberg JP, Elson CO. CD4+ T cells reactive to enteric bacterial antigens in spontaneously colitic C3H/HeJBir mice: increased T helper cell type 1 response and ability to transfer disease. J Exp Med 1998; 187:855-64. [PMID: 9500788 PMCID: PMC2212186 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.6.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/1997] [Revised: 12/01/1997] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
C3H/HeJBir mice are a new substrain that spontaneously develop colitis early in life. This study was done to determine the T cell reactivity of C3H/HeJBir mice to candidate antigens that might be involved in their disease. C3H/HeJBir CD4+ T cells were strongly reactive to antigens of the enteric bacterial flora, but not to epithelial or food antigens. The stimulatory material in the enteric bacteria was trypsin sensitive and restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, but did not have the properties of a superantigen. The precursor frequency of interleuken (IL)-2-producing, bacterial-reactive CD4+ T cells in colitic mice was 1 out of 2,000 compared to 1 out of 20,000-25,000 in noncolitic control mice. These T cells produced predominately IL-2 and interferon gamma, consistent with a T helper type 1 cell response and were present at 3-4 wk, the age of onset of the colitis. Adoptive transfer of bacterial-antigen-activated CD4+ T cells from colitic C3H/HeJBir but not from control C3H/HeJ mice into C3H/HeSnJ scid/scid recipients induced colitis. These data represent a direct demonstration that T cells reactive with conventional antigens of the enteric bacterial flora can mediate chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007, USA
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Cong Y, Weaver CT, Elson CO. The mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin involves enhancement of costimulatory activity by selective up-regulation of B7.2 expression. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.11.5301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that can strongly prime mucosal T cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CT on the expression and functional activity of the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2 on macrophages and the relationship of these effects to the mucosal adjuvanticity of CT. Bone marrow macrophages (BMM) were generated by culturing bone marrow with macrophage CSF or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. After treatment with either CT alone or IFN-gamma alone, B7.2 expression on BMM was moderately up-regulated and was further increased when BMM were treated with both CT and IFN-gamma together. Interestingly, CT had no effect on B7.1 expression despite the close relationship between these two molecules. Up-regulation of B7.2 expression by CT was mediated by intracellular cAMP production, in that CT-B subunit had no effect and dibutyryl cAMP could mimic the effect. CT increased functional costimulatory activity of macrophages for both anti-CD3-stimulated and allostimulated T cells, an increase that was blocked by anti-B7.2, but not anti-B7.1, Ab. B7.2 expression by Mac1+ Peyer's patch cells was increased after intraluminal exposure to CT in vivo. Treatment of mice with anti-B7.2 Ab in vivo inhibited both the mucosal adjuvanticity and the immunogenicity of CT. We conclude that CT enhances the costimulatory activity of mucosal APC by differentially up-regulating B7.2 expression, an effect that appears to be important for its mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0007, USA
| | - C T Weaver
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0007, USA
| | - C O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0007, USA
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Cong Y, Weaver CT, Elson CO. The mucosal adjuvanticity of cholera toxin involves enhancement of costimulatory activity by selective up-regulation of B7.2 expression. J Immunol 1997; 159:5301-8. [PMID: 9548469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CT) is a potent mucosal immunogen and adjuvant that can strongly prime mucosal T cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CT on the expression and functional activity of the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2 on macrophages and the relationship of these effects to the mucosal adjuvanticity of CT. Bone marrow macrophages (BMM) were generated by culturing bone marrow with macrophage CSF or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. After treatment with either CT alone or IFN-gamma alone, B7.2 expression on BMM was moderately up-regulated and was further increased when BMM were treated with both CT and IFN-gamma together. Interestingly, CT had no effect on B7.1 expression despite the close relationship between these two molecules. Up-regulation of B7.2 expression by CT was mediated by intracellular cAMP production, in that CT-B subunit had no effect and dibutyryl cAMP could mimic the effect. CT increased functional costimulatory activity of macrophages for both anti-CD3-stimulated and allostimulated T cells, an increase that was blocked by anti-B7.2, but not anti-B7.1, Ab. B7.2 expression by Mac1+ Peyer's patch cells was increased after intraluminal exposure to CT in vivo. Treatment of mice with anti-B7.2 Ab in vivo inhibited both the mucosal adjuvanticity and the immunogenicity of CT. We conclude that CT enhances the costimulatory activity of mucosal APC by differentially up-regulating B7.2 expression, an effect that appears to be important for its mucosal adjuvanticity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cong
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0007, USA
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