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Vandenbempt V, Eski SE, Brahma MK, Li A, Negueruela J, Bruggeman Y, Demine S, Xiao P, Cardozo AK, Baeyens N, Martelotto LG, Singh SP, Mariño E, Gysemans C, Gurzov EN. HAMSAB diet ameliorates dysfunctional signaling in pancreatic islets in autoimmune diabetes. iScience 2024; 27:108694. [PMID: 38213620 PMCID: PMC10783594 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An altered gut microbiota is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), affecting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and glucose homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that enhancing serum acetate and butyrate using a dietary supplement (HAMSAB) improved glycemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with established T1D. The effects of SCFA on immune-infiltrated islet cells remain to be clarified. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on islet cells from NOD mice fed an HAMSAB or control diet. HAMSAB induced a regulatory gene expression profile in pancreas-infiltrated immune cells. Moreover, HAMSAB maintained the expression of β-cell functional genes and decreased cellular stress. HAMSAB-fed mice showed preserved pancreatic endocrine cell identity, evaluated by decreased numbers of poly-hormonal cells. Finally, SCFA increased insulin levels in human β-like cells and improved transplantation outcome in NOD/SCID mice. Our findings support the use of metabolite-based diet as attractive approach to improve glucose control in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Vandenbempt
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- IRIBHM, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manoja K. Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ao Li
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Negueruela
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ylke Bruggeman
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Demine
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peng Xiao
- Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling in Diabetes group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra K. Cardozo
- Inflammatory and Cell Death Signaling in Diabetes group, Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Baeyens
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Pharmacologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luciano G. Martelotto
- Single Cell and Spatial-Omics Laboratory, Adelaide Centre of Epigenetics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Eliana Mariño
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- ImmunoBiota Therapeutics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC 3187, Australia
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esteban N. Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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Bruggeman Y, Martens PJ, Sassi G, Viaene M, Wasserfall CH, Mathieu C, Gysemans C. Footprint of pancreas infiltrating and circulating immune cells throughout type 1 diabetes development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1275316. [PMID: 38027120 PMCID: PMC10667927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1275316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined by immune cell infiltration of the pancreas, in particular the islets of Langerhans, referred to as insulitis, which is especially prominent during the early disease stages in association with decreased beta cell mass. An in-depth understanding of the dynamics and phenotype of the immune cells infiltrating the pancreas and the accompanying changes in their profiles in peripheral blood during T1D development is critical to generate novel preventive and therapeutic approaches, as well as to find biomarkers for the disease process. Methods Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we explored the dynamic changes of immune cells infiltrating the pancreas and the pancreatic draining lymph nodes (PLN), compared to those in peripheral blood in female and male non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice during T1D progression. Results The early stages of T1D development were characterized by an influx of innate dendritic cells and neutrophils in the pancreas. While dendritic cells seemed to move in and out (to the PLN), neutrophils accumulated during the pre-symptomatic phase and reached a maximum at 8 weeks of age, after which their numbers declined. During disease progression, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared to continuously migrate from the PLN to the pancreas, which coincided with an increase in beta cell autoimmunity and insulitis severity, and a decline in insulin content. At 12 weeks of age, CD4+ and especially CD8+ T cells in the pancreas showed a dramatic shift from naïve to effector memory phenotype, in contrast to the PLN, where most of these cells remained naïve. A large proportion of pancreas infiltrating CD4+ T cells were naïve, indicating that antigenic stimulation was not necessary to traffic and invade the pancreas. Interestingly, a pre-effector-like T cell dominated the peripheral blood. These cells were intermediates between naïve and effector memory cells as identified by single cell RNA sequencing and might be a potential novel therapeutic target. Conclusion These time- and tissue-dependent changes in the dynamics and functional states of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential steps in our understanding of the disease process in NOD mice and need to be considered for the interpretation and design of disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylke Bruggeman
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sassi
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Viaene
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Diabetes Institute, Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Martens PJ, Ellis D, Bruggeman Y, Viaene M, Laureys J, Teyton L, Mathieu C, Gysemans C. Preventing type 1 diabetes in late-stage pre-diabetic NOD mice with insulin: A central role for alum as adjuvant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1023264. [PMID: 36339431 PMCID: PMC9630573 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1023264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restoration of immune tolerance to disease-relevant antigens is an appealing approach to prevent or arrest an organ-specific autoimmune disease like type 1 diabetes (T1D). Numerous studies have identified insulin as a key antigen of interest to use in such strategies, but to date, the success of these interventions in humans has been inconsistent. The efficacy of antigen-specific immunotherapy may be enhanced by optimising the dose, timing, and route of administration, and perhaps by the inclusion of adjuvants like alum. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of an insulin peptide vaccine formulated with alum to prevent T1D development in female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice when administered during late-stage pre-diabetes. METHODS Starting at 10 weeks of age, female NOD mice received four weekly subcutaneous injections of an insulin B:8-24 (InsB:8-24) peptide with (Ins+alum) or without Imject® alum (Ins) as adjuvant. Diabetes incidence was assessed for up to 30 weeks of age. Insulin autoantibodies and C-peptide concentrations were measured in plasma and flow cytometric analysis was performed on pancreatic-draining lymph nodes (PLN) and pancreas using an InsB:12-20-reactive tetramer. RESULTS InsB:8-24 peptide formulated in alum reduced diabetes incidence (39%), compared to mice receiving the InsB:8-24 peptide without alum (71%, P < 0.05), mice receiving alum alone (76%, P < 0.01), or mice left untreated (70%, P < 0.01). This was accompanied by reduced insulitis severity, and preservation of C-peptide. Ins+alum was associated with reduced frequencies of pathogenic effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the pancreas and increased frequencies of insulin-reactive FoxP3+ Tregs in the PLN. Of interest, insulin-reactive Tregs were enriched amongst populations of Tregs expressing markers indicative of stable FoxP3 expression and enhanced suppressive function. CONCLUSION An InsB:8-24 peptide vaccine prevented the onset of T1D in late-stage pre-diabetic NOD mice, but only when formulated in alum. These findings support the use of alum as adjuvant to optimise the efficacy of antigen-specific immunotherapy in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darcy Ellis
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ylke Bruggeman
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Viaene
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Laureys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Teyton
- Scripps Research Institute, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology (CEE), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Conny Gysemans,
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Callebaut A, Bruggeman Y, Zamit C, Sodré FMC, Irla M, Mathieu C, Buitinga M, Overbergh L. Aberrant expression of transglutaminase 2 in pancreas and thymus of NOD mice underscores the importance of deamidation in neoantigen generation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908248. [PMID: 35966081 PMCID: PMC9367685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications can lead to a break in immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). Deamidation, the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid by transglutaminase (TGM) enzymes, is a post-translational modification of interest, with deamidated peptides being reported as autoantigens in T1D. However, little is known about how Tgm2, the most ubiquitously expressed Tgm isoform, is regulated and how tolerance against deamidated peptides is lost. Here, we report on the aberrant expression and regulation of Tgm2 in the pancreas and thymus of NOD mice. We demonstrate that Tgm2 expression is induced by the inflammatory cytokines IL1β and IFNγ in a synergistic manner and that murine pancreatic islets of NOD mice have higher Tgm2 levels, while Tgm2 levels in medullary thymic epithelial cells are reduced. We thus provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that central tolerance establishment against deamidated peptides might be impaired due to lower Tgm2 expression in NOD medullary thymic epithelial cells, which together with the aberrantly high levels of deamidated peptides in NOD β-cells underscores the role of deamidation in amplifying T-cell reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aїsha Callebaut
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ylke Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cloé Zamit
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fernanda Marques Câmara Sodré
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Magali Irla
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Lut Overbergh,
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Bruggeman Y, Sodré FMC, Buitinga M, Mathieu C, Overbergh L, Kracht MJL. Targeting citrullination in autoimmunity: insights learned from preclinical mouse models. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:269-281. [PMID: 33896351 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1918104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant citrullination and excessive peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activity are detected in numerous challenging autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes. Because excessive PAD activity is a common denominator in these diseases, PADs are interesting potential therapeutic targets for future therapies. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the advances made in the design of PAD inhibitors, their utilization and therapeutic potential in preclinical mouse models of autoimmunity. Relevant literature encompasses studies from 1994 to 2021 that are available on PubMed.gov. EXPERT OPINION Pan-PAD inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Drugs achieving pan-PAD inhibition were capable of ameliorating, reversing, and preventing clinical symptoms in preclinical mouse models. However, the implications for PADs in key biological processes potentially present a high risk for clinical complications and could hamper the translation of PAD inhibitors to the clinic. We envisage that PAD isozyme-specific inhibitors will improve the understanding the role of PAD isozymes in disease pathology, reduce the risk of side-effects and enhance prospects for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylke Bruggeman
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fernanda M C Sodré
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria J L Kracht
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sodré FMC, Bissenova S, Bruggeman Y, Tilvawala R, Cook DP, Berthault C, Mondal S, Callebaut A, You S, Scharfmann R, Mallone R, Thompson PR, Mathieu C, Buitinga M, Overbergh L. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibition Prevents Diabetes Development in NOD Mice. Diabetes 2021; 70:516-528. [PMID: 33203696 PMCID: PMC7881854 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein citrullination plays a role in several autoimmune diseases. Its involvement in murine and human type 1 diabetes has recently been recognized through the discovery of antibodies and T-cell reactivity against citrullinated peptides. In the current study, we demonstrate that systemic inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), the enzymes mediating citrullination, through BB-Cl-amidine treatment, prevents diabetes development in NOD mice. This prevention was associated with reduced levels of citrullination in the pancreas, decreased circulating autoantibody titers against citrullinated glucose-regulated protein 78, and reduced spontaneous neutrophil extracellular trap formation of bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Moreover, BB-Cl-amidine treatment induced a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokines in the serum and an increase in the frequency of regulatory T cells in the blood and spleen. In the pancreas, BB-Cl-amidine treatment preserved insulin production and was associated with a less destructive immune infiltrate characterized by reduced frequencies of effector memory CD4+ T cells and a modest reduction in the frequency of interferon-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our results point to a role of citrullination in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes, with PAD inhibition leading to disease prevention through modulation of immune pathways. These findings provide insight in the potential of PAD inhibition for treating autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M C Sodré
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samal Bissenova
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ylke Bruggeman
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ronak Tilvawala
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Dana P Cook
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claire Berthault
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Aïsha Callebaut
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Roberto Mallone
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mijke Buitinga
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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