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Lee S, Chae YS, Yun WG, Kim JC, Park JK, Kim MG, Kim J, Cho YS, Kong SH, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Long-Term Outcome of Proximal Gastrectomy for Upper-Third Advanced Gastric and Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junction Cancer Compared With Total Gastrectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3024-3030. [PMID: 38372863 PMCID: PMC10997683 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the oncologic long-term safety of proximal gastrectomy for upper-third advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and Siewert type II esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. METHODS The study enrolled patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG) or total gastrectomy (TG) with standard lymph node (LN) dissection for pathologically proven upper-third AGC and EGJ cancers between January 2007 and December 2018. Propensity score-matching with a 1:1 ratio was performed to reduce the influence of confounding variables such as age, sex, tumor size, T stage, N stage, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze oncologic outcome. The prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS Of the 713 enrolled patients in this study, 60 received PG and 653 received TG. Propensity score-matching yielded 60 patients for each group. The overall survival rates were 61.7 % in the PG group and 68.3 % in the TG group (p = 0.676). The RFS was 86.7 % in the PG group and 83.3 % in the TG group (p = 0.634). The PG group showed eight recurrences (1 anastomosis site, 1 paraaortic LN, 1 liver, 1 spleen, 1 lung, 1 splenic hilar LN, and 2 remnant stomachs). In the multivariate analysis, the operation method was not identified as a prognostic factor of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION The patients who underwent PG had a long-term oncologic outcome similar to that for the patients who underwent TG for upper-third AGC and EGJ cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chae
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jane Chungyoon Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JH, Park DJ, Kim H, Park H, Nam H, Lee B, Kim J, Cho YS, Kong SH, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Long-term impact of weight loss in people with class II obesity on the overall burden of disease: evidence from the national health screening cohort in Korea. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2024:S1550-7289(24)00039-X. [PMID: 38418337 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is known to increase overall disease burden but does obesity management actually help reduce disease burden? OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of weight loss on disease burden in people with obesity using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) in Korea. SETTING Pure longitudinal observational study using Nationwide cohort database. METHODS Out of 514,866 NHIS-HEALS cohort, participants with class II obesity in Asia-Pacific region (30 ≤ body mass index [BMI] < 35) who underwent health check-up provided by NHIS during 2003-2004 (index date) were included. All final participants continued to receive a total of 5 biennial health check-ups over the next 10 years without missing. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was used to categorize subjects based on 10-year BMI change patterns. The changes of co-morbidities, healthcare resource utilization, and medical cost were analyzed. RESULTS The final study subjects (9857) were categorized into 3 trajectory clusters based on the pattern of BMI (kg/m2) change: maintenance (57.35%) with an average change of -.02 ± .06, loss (38.65%) with -.04 ± .08, and substantial loss (4.0%) with -.10 ± .18. The annual increases in the number of co-morbidities per subject in each cluster were .18, .18, and .16 (all P < .001), respectively. The increase of healthcare resource utilization over time was lowest for the substantial loss compared to maintenance and loss. With each passing year, the average annual total healthcare cost increased by ₩21,200 ($16.48, P = .034) and ₩10,500 ($8.16, P = .498) in the maintenance and loss, respectively, but decreased by ₩62,500 ($48.59, P = .032) in the substantial loss. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss in people with obesity was associated with a reduced burden of disease, as evidenced by lower co-morbidity, healthcare resource utilization rate, and decreased medical costs. This study highlights the potential positive long-term impact on Korean society when actively managing weight in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyesung Kim
- Health Economics & Market Access, Johnson & Johnson MedTech Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Park
- Health Economics & Market Access, Johnson & Johnson MedTech Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bora Lee
- RexSoft Corp., Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JC, Kim MG, Park JK, Lee S, Kim J, Cho YS, Kong SH, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Outcomes and Adverse Events After Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, 2013-2023. J Metab Bariatr Surg 2023; 12:76-88. [PMID: 38196785 PMCID: PMC10771970 DOI: 10.17476/jmbs.2023.12.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Bariatric surgery is an increasingly common treatment for obesity and related comorbidities. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of bariatric surgery and medical treatment (MT). Materials and Methods A systematic search of articles published from January 2013 to May 2023 identified 20 studies. The treatment arms included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), gastric banding, and MT. The assessed outcomes included body weight loss, diabetes mellitus (DM) remission, changes in dyslipidemia and hypertension markers, and adverse events. Results Bariatric surgery resulted in significantly better short- and long-term weight loss than MT, with RYGB and SG showing the most substantial reduction. The DM remission rates were notably higher in the surgery group, with marked improvements in hemoglobin A1c and fasting glucose levels. Improvements in dyslipidemia were inconclusive, whereas hypertension showed modest improvements, particularly with RYGB. Complication rates varied, with RYGB reporting higher rates of early complications, and SG reporting increased rates of late complications. The perioperative reoperation rates were low across all surgical treatments. Specific adverse events, such as intestinal obstruction and anastomosis site problems, were more common in the RYGB group, whereas reflux symptoms were more common in the SG group. Conclusion Bariatric surgery, especially RYGB and SG, provided superior weight loss and DM remission outcomes compared to MT, although with varied complication profiles. These findings underscore the need for careful patient selection and postoperative management in bariatric surgery. Future studies should aim to refine these processes to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chungyoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho YS, Park JH, Kim J, Kim SH, Kang MK, Huh YJ, Suh YS, Kong SH, Park DJ, Yang HK, Park M, Cho YM, Lee HJ. Clinical Outcomes of Resectional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Compared to Sleeve Gastrectomy for Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2023; 33:1338-1346. [PMID: 36940018 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resectional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RRYGB) is considered an alternative bariatric surgery in countries with a high incidence of stomach cancer because there is no excluded stomach after RRYGB. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RRYGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included patients who underwent RRYGB and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between 2011 and 2021. Surgical complications and metabolic and nutritional profiles were compared between the patients preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS Twenty and seventy-six patients underwent RRYGB and SG, respectively; 7 in the SG group were lost to follow-up within 1 year. Surgical complications and baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups, except for diabetes (90.0% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001). The decrease of HbA1c levels and incidence of reflux esophagitis were lower in the RRYGB group compared to that of SG at 1-year postoperative (-3.0% vs. -1.8%, p = 0.014; 0% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.027). The percentage of total weight loss at 1- year postoperative and incidence of dumping syndrome were comparable between the two groups. The RRYGB group had significantly lower total cholesterol level (161.9 mg/dl vs. 196.4 mg/dl, p < 0.001), but higher incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency (30.0% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.003) at 1 year postoperative compared to those of the SG group. CONCLUSIONS The RRYGB group had better postoperative outcomes for diabetes and dyslipidemia without increasing surgical complications compared to that of the SG group. Thus, RRYGB can be considered a safe and effective alternative in areas where gastric cancer is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - JeeSun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Hong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Huh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Office of Medical Education, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-guGyeonggi-do, Seongnam-si, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
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Kim S, Lee HJ, Alzahrani F, Kim J, Kim SH, Kim S, Cho YS, Park JH, Lee JM, Kong SH, Park DJ, Suh KS, Yang HK. Clinical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery after liver transplantation. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 104:101-108. [PMID: 36816738 PMCID: PMC9929436 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.104.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose De novo malignancy is common after liver transplantation (LT); however, there are limited reports on the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer surgery after LT. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of gastric cancer surgery after LT. Methods Seventeen patients underwent gastric cancer surgery after LT at a single institution between January 2013 and June 2021. We retrospectively collected data on surgical complications, survival, and recurrence status of these cases. Results Fifteen patients (88.2%) underwent curative gastrectomy, with 10 open distal (66.7%) and 5 laparoscopic distal (33.3%) gastrectomies. Surgical and severe complication rates were 3 of 15 (20.0%) and 1 of 15 (6.7%), respectively. There were no significant differences between laparoscopic (33.3%) and open surgery (66.7%) in terms of operation time and complication rate. No surgery-related mortalities occurred. Immunosuppressants could be maintained without difficulty, and no suspicious acute rejection was identified during the perioperative period. There was 1 recurrence after curative surgery (recurrence rate, 6.7%), and the 5-year cancer-specific survival rate after curative surgery was 93.3%. Conclusion Laparoscopic gastrectomy can be safely done even after LT in terms of postoperative complications and graft safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fadhel Alzahrani
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sa-Hong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sara Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Moo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Youk KM, Kim J, Cho YS, Park DJ. Gastric Cancer After Bariatric Surgeries. J Metab Bariatr Surg 2022; 11:20-29. [PMID: 36926673 PMCID: PMC10011677 DOI: 10.17476/jmbs.2022.11.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery has been covered by medical insurance in Korea, since January 2019; and its number is steadily increasing. Representative bariatric surgeries include adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Each surgical method can be applied according to the patient's condition; however, there are other issues to consider in Korea. Because of the high incidence of gastric cancer in Korea, gastroscopy is recommended every two years after the age of 40. Therefore, it is difficult to perform conventional gastroscopy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In this review, the incidence of gastric cancer after representative bariatric surgery was investigated through a literature review, so that it could be used as a reference for the selection of bariatric surgery in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Min Youk
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lim CH, Hyun SH, Cho YS, Choi JY, Lee KH. Prognostic significance of bone marrow 2-[ 18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: relation to iliac crest biopsy results. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:550.e19-550.e28. [PMID: 33762136 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prognostic significance of bone marrow (BM) 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake in relation to posterior iliac crest BM biopsy (BMB) results in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment integrated positron-emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography (CT) images of 512 DLBCL patients who underwent BMB and received rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy were analysed retrospectively. BM uptake was assessed visually and by maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax). Associations with lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS FDG(+) BM was observed in 64 cases (41 focal, 12 heterogeneous, 11 diffuse). This finding distinguished iliac crest involvement (positive in 59 and negative in 453) with 89.6% accuracy (459/512) and 93.6% specificity (424/453). In BMB(+) patients, BM-to-liver SUVmax ratio >1.8 concurred perfectly with FDG(+) BM. During 52 months of follow-up, there were 156 lymphoma-related deaths. In the entire population, multivariate analysis revealed high International Prognostic Index (IPI; p<0.001), old age (p=0.003), bulky disease (p=0.011), BMB(+) (p=0.028), and FDG(+) BM (p=0.019) as independent predictors of worse LSS. In the BMB(+) subgroup, high National Comprehensive Cancer Network-revised IPI (NCCN-IPI; p=0.029) and FDG(+) BM (p=0.008) were significant independent predictors. Among BMB(+) patients with low to low-intermediate NCCN-IPI, FDG(+) BM was associated with significantly worse 2-year LSS (33.3% versus 100%; p=0.017). The same was true among those with high-intermediate NCCN-IPI (34.7% versus 76.9%.; p=0.026). CONCLUSION Increased BM FDG in DLBCL is a predictor of worse LSS independent of BMB results and other prognostic variables including IPI/NCCN-IPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Hyun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea
| | - K-H Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, South Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective study investigated the nature and severity of venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) and determined the clotting factors involved in VICC in patients after envenomation by South Korea's snakes. Additionally, we studied the effectiveness of antivenom for the treatment of VICC after envenomation. METHODS Included patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of VICC (no VICC, partial VICC, and complete VICC). Data, including changes in coagulation parameters during hospitalization and clotting factors at presentation, were collected and analyzed. RESULTS One hundred nineteen patients who presented at our emergency department within 3 h after snake envenomation were included. VICC developed in 34 patients (27 patients with partial VICC and 7 patients with complete VICC). Two of 34 patients with VICC required blood transfusions. Five patients with complete VICC had an undetectable fibrinogen concentration at presentation. Three patients with complete VICC had an unmeasurable INR and aPTT within 24 h. The median times of the most extreme values were 10 h for INR, 12 h for aPTT, and 16 h for fibrinogen after presentation in the VICC group. The D-dimer concentration peaked at a median of 63.5 h after presentation. The activities of factors II and X were significantly reduced in the complete VICC group (factor II: 88 (84-99.3)% in the non-VICC group vs. 69 (49.5-83.5)% in the complete VICC group; factor X:94 (83-102) in the non-VICC group vs. 70 (66.5-79.8)% in the complete VICC group), while there was no difference in factor V activity at presentation. The time from bite to first antivenom administration did not correlate with the time course and most extreme concentrations for fibrinogen and D-dimer within the VICC groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION VICC occurs in approximately one-quarter of snakebite patients in South Korea; however, VICC itself does not appear to lead to clinical deterioration. Fibrinogen is an early diagnostic maker for complete VICC. Clotting factors II and X are involved in VICC. Future investigations should explore the mechanism of VICC from Korean snakebites and the effect of antivenom on VICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Koo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine in Trauma Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - D K Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Cho YS, Ko HG, Han HM, Park SK, Moozhayil SJ, Choi SY, Bae YC. Vesicular glutamate transporter-immunopositive axons that coexpress neuropeptides in the rat and human dental pulp. Int Endod J 2020; 54:377-387. [PMID: 33090483 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the type of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-immunopositive (+) axons that coexpress neuropeptides in the rat and human dental pulp, which may help understand peripheral mechanism of pulpal inflammatory pain in rats and humans. METHODOLOGY The trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the dental pulp of the maxillary molar teeth from three male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-330 g and dental pulps of three healthy human (male) maxillary premolar teeth from three 16 to 28-year-old patients extracted for orthodontic treatment were used. The type of VGLUT + axons that coexpress substance P (SP)- and/or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and parvalbumin in the rat TG and in the axons of the rat and the human dental pulp was examined by double fluorescence immunohistochemistry and quantitative analysis. Results were analyzed using one-way anova and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS SP and CGRP were expressed in many human VGLUT1 + pulpal axons but not in the rat VGLUT1 + TG neurons and pulpal axons (P < 0.05). SP and CGRP were expressed in a considerable number of human VGLUT2 + pulpal axons and also in many rat TG neurons and pulpal axons. The fraction of VGLUT1 + axons expressing parvalbumin was about three times higher in the rat than in the human dental pulp (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the types of VGLUT + axons, which release neuropeptides, may be different between the rat and the human dental pulp, raising a possibility that peripheral mechanism of pulpal inflammatory pain may be different between rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - H G Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - H M Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S K Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S J Moozhayil
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - S Y Choi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y C Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Moon JM, Koo YJ, Chun BJ, Park KH, Cho YS, Kim JC, Lee SD, Min YR, Park HS. The effect of myocardial injury on the clinical course of snake envenomation in South Korea. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 59:286-295. [PMID: 32840397 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1802473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTENT This study investigated the incidence, progression and clinical course of myocardial injury-related snake envenomation in South Korea. In addition, this study evaluated whether antivenom guidelines are appropriate to control envenomation in patients with myocardial injury. METHODS The study included 198 patients who received antivenom after a snakebite, and they were divided into two groups according to evidence of myocardial injury (defined as elevated troponin I or ischemic change on electrocardiogram) at presentation. Data including serial troponin I, echocardiogram/coronary angiogram findings, the clinical course, and treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of myocardial injury at presentation was 15.2%. The troponin I level was 0.11 (0.07-0.56) ng/ml at presentation and tended to decrease over 24 h. Echocardiograms revealed neither regional wall motion abnormalities nor left ventricular dysfunction in 15 of 17 patients, while two patients showed signs of coronary artery stenosis on echocardiograms and coronary angiograms. However, compared with patients without myocardial injury, patients with myocardial injury had a higher frequency of systemic envenomation complications, including bleeding, respiratory failure, hypotension, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC). The patients with myocardial injury at presentation needed significantly more frequent and larger doses of antivenom than indicated by the initial severity of envenomation. Multivariate analysis showed that myocardial injury was associated with the need for additional antivenom administration after initial administration. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Myocardial injury is not uncommon after snake envenomation in Korea. Although myocardial injury itself seems to be benign, the clinical course of patients with myocardial injury is complicated, and myocardial injury is associated with the need for additional antivenom administration. The optimal use of antivenom to control envenomation in patents with myocardial injury after snake envenomation in South Korea should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Koo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Park
- Department of Emergency Medical Rescue, Nambu University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J C Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S D Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine in Trauma Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Min
- Department of Medical science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Moon JM, Chun BJ, Shin MH, Cho YS. Predictive value of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in acute charcoal-burning carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:877-887. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119851259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using the plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) level at the time of presentation in the emergency department (ED) to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) and the long-term neurological outcomes of acute charcoal-burning carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. This retrospective study included 260 patients who suffered acute charcoal-burning CO poisoning. The median plasma NGAL concentration at the time of presentation in the ED after acute charcoal-burning CO poisoning was 78 (54–115) ng/ml. The NGAL level was an independent predictor of AKI development and could be used to stratify the severity of AKI. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the predictive model for AKI that included both the plasma NGAL level and clinical parameters was comparable to that of the predictive model including only the clinical parameters. The plasma NGAL level at the time of presentation in the ED was an independent factor predicting long-term neurological outcomes in patients who did not develop AKI. In these patients, the plasma NGAL level significantly improved the predictive accuracy of the model when used in combination with clinical parameters. In contrast, the plasma NGAL level was not associated with long-term neurological outcomes in patients who developed AKI. Measurement of the plasma NGAL level at the time ED presentation might improve the prediction of long-term neurological outcomes in patients who do not develop AKI after acute charcoal-burning CO poisoning. However, it might not offer additional benefit for AKI prediction compared to previously used markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - BJ Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - MH Shin
- Department of Preventive medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - YS Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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12
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Kang SH, Cho YS, Min SH, Park YS, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH. Intracorporeal Esophagojejunostomy Using a Circular or a Linear Stapler in Totally Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy: a Propensity-Matched Analysis. J Gastric Cancer 2019; 19:193-201. [PMID: 31245164 PMCID: PMC6589429 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2019.19.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is no consensus on the optimal method for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy (EJ) in laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). This study aims to compare 2 established methods of EJ anastomosis in LTG. Materials and Methods A total of 314 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer that underwent LTG in the period from January 2013 to October 2016 were enrolled in the study. In 254 patients, the circular stapler with purse-string "Lap-Jack" method was used, and in the other 60 patients the linear stapling method was used for EJ anastomosis. After propensity score matching, 58 were matched 1:1, and retrospective data for patient characteristics, surgical outcome, and post-operative complications was reviewed. Results The 2 groups showed no significant difference in age, body mass index, or other clinicopathological characteristics. After propensity score matching analysis, the linear group had shorter operating time than the circular group (200.3±62.0 vs. 244.0±65.5, P≤0.001). Early postoperative complications in the circular and linear groups occurred in 12 (20.7%) and 15 (25.9%, P=0.660) patients, respectively. EJ leakage occurred in 3 (5.2%) patients from each group, with 1 patient from each group needing intervention of Clavien-Dindo grade III or more. Late complications were observed in 3 (5.1%) patients from the linear group only, including 1 EJ anastomosis stricture, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions Both circular and linear stapling techniques are feasible and safe in performing intracorporeal EJ anastomosis during LTG. The linear group had shorter operative time, but there was no difference in anastomosis complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sa-Hong Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Choi K, Lee D, Cho YS, Thiele JC, Herrmann HJ, Kahng B. Critical phenomena of a hybrid phase transition in cluster merging dynamics. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:042148. [PMID: 29347575 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.042148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a hybrid percolation transition (HPT) that exhibits both a discontinuous transition and critical behavior at the same transition point has been observed in diverse complex systems. While the HPT induced by avalanche dynamics has been studied extensively, the HPT induced by cluster merging dynamics (HPT-CMD) has received little attention. Here, we aim to develop a theoretical framework for the HPT-CMD. We find that two correlation-length exponents are necessary for characterizing the giant cluster and finite clusters separately. The conventional formula of the fractal dimension in terms of the critical exponents is not valid. Neither the giant nor finite clusters are fractals, but they have fractal boundaries. A finite-size scaling method for the HPT-CMD is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Choi
- CCSS, CTP, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Deokjae Lee
- CCSS, CTP, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - J C Thiele
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H J Herrmann
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Kahng
- CCSS, CTP, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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14
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Bae YS, Yoon SH, Han JY, Woo J, Cho YS, Kwon SK, Bae YC, Kim D, Kim E, Kim MH. Deficiency of aminopeptidase P1 causes behavioral hyperactivity, cognitive deficits, and hippocampal neurodegeneration. Genes Brain Behav 2017; 17:126-138. [PMID: 28834604 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases affect various organs including the brain. Accumulation or depletion of substrates frequently leads to brain injury and dysfunction. Deficiency of aminopeptidase P1, a cytosolic proline-specific peptidase encoded by the Xpnpep1 gene, causes an inborn error of metabolism (IEM) characterized by peptiduria in humans. We previously reported that knockout of aminopeptidase P1 in mice causes neurodevelopmental disorders and peptiduria. However, little is known about the pathophysiological role of aminopeptidase P1 in the brain. Here, we show that loss of aminopeptidase P1 causes behavioral and neurological deficits in mice. Mice deficient in aminopeptidase P1 (Xpnpep1-/- ) display abnormally enhanced locomotor activities in both the home cage and open-field box. The aminopeptidase P1 deficiency in mice also resulted in severe impairments in novel-object recognition, the Morris water maze task, and contextual, but not cued, fear memory. These behavioral dysfunctions were accompanied by epileptiform electroencephalogram activity and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. However, mice with a heterozygous mutation for aminopeptidase P1 (Xpnpep1+/- ) exhibited normal behaviors and brain structure. These results suggest that loss of aminopeptidase P1 leads to behavioral, cognitive and neurological deficits. This study may provide insight into new pathogenic mechanisms for brain dysfunction related to IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Bae
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Yoon
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Woo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - S-K Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y C Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - E Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - M-H Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
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15
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Gallego-Llorente M, Connell S, Jones ER, Merrett DC, Jeon Y, Eriksson A, Siska V, Gamba C, Meiklejohn C, Beyer R, Jeon S, Cho YS, Hofreiter M, Bhak J, Manica A, Pinhasi R. The genetics of an early Neolithic pastoralist from the Zagros, Iran. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31326. [PMID: 27502179 PMCID: PMC4977546 DOI: 10.1038/srep31326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural transition profoundly changed human societies. We sequenced and analysed the first genome (1.39x) of an early Neolithic woman from Ganj Dareh, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, a site with early evidence for an economy based on goat herding, ca. 10,000 BP. We show that Western Iran was inhabited by a population genetically most similar to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus, but distinct from the Neolithic Anatolian people who later brought food production into Europe. The inhabitants of Ganj Dareh made little direct genetic contribution to modern European populations, suggesting those of the Central Zagros were somewhat isolated from other populations of the Fertile Crescent. Runs of homozygosity are of a similar length to those from Neolithic farmers, and shorter than those of Caucasus and Western Hunter-Gatherers, suggesting that the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh did not undergo the large population bottleneck suffered by their northern neighbours. While some degree of cultural diffusion between Anatolia, Western Iran and other neighbouring regions is possible, the genetic dissimilarity between early Anatolian farmers and the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh supports a model in which Neolithic societies in these areas were distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Connell
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - E R Jones
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - D C Merrett
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Y Jeon
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - A Eriksson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.,Integrative Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences &Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - V Siska
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C Gamba
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - C Meiklejohn
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - R Beyer
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK
| | - S Jeon
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - M Hofreiter
- Evolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstraße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - J Bhak
- The Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - A Manica
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - R Pinhasi
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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16
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Cho YS, Mazza MG, Kahng B, Nagler J. Genuine non-self-averaging and ultraslow convergence in gelation. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:022602. [PMID: 27627355 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.022602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In irreversible aggregation processes droplets or polymers of microscopic size successively coalesce until a large cluster of macroscopic scale forms. This gelation transition is widely believed to be self-averaging, meaning that the order parameter (the relative size of the largest connected cluster) attains well-defined values upon ensemble averaging with no sample-to-sample fluctuations in the thermodynamic limit. Here, we report on anomalous gelation transition types. Depending on the growth rate of the largest clusters, the gelation transition can show very diverse patterns as a function of the control parameter, which includes multiple stochastic discontinuous transitions, genuine non-self-averaging and ultraslow convergence of the transition point. Our framework may be helpful in understanding and controlling gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Center for Complex Systems Studies and CTP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - M G Mazza
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI DS) Göttingen, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Germany
| | - B Kahng
- Center for Complex Systems Studies and CTP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - J Nagler
- Center for Complex Systems Studies and CTP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPI DS) Göttingen, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Germany
- Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Jeong MK, Hwang C, Nam H, Cho YS, Kang BY, Cho EC. Effect of the gel elasticity of model skin matrices on the distance/depth-dependent transmission of vibration energy supplied from a cosmetic vibrator. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:42-48. [PMID: 27264842 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine how the energies supplied from a cosmetic vibrator are deeply or far transferred into organs and tissues, and how these depths or distances are influenced by tissue elasticity. METHODS External vibration energy was applied to model skin surfaces through a facial cleansing vibrator, and we measured a distance- and depth-dependent energy that was transferred to model skin matrices. As model skin matrices, we synthesized hard and soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) gels, as well as hydrogels with a modulus of 2.63 MPa, 0.33 MPa and 21 kPa, respectively, mostly representing those of skin and other organs. The transfer of vibration energy was measured either by increasing the separation distances or by increasing the depth from the vibrator. RESULTS The energies were transmitted deeper into the hard PDMS than into the soft PDMS and hydrogel matrices. This finding implies that the vibration forces influence a larger area of the gel matrices when the gels are more elastic (or rigid). There were no appreciable differences between the soft PDMS and hydrogel matrices. However, the absorbed energies were more concentrated in the area closest to the vibrator with decreasing elasticity of the matrix. Softer materials absorbed most of the supplied energy around the point of the vibrator. In contrast, harder materials scattered the external energy over a broad area. CONCLUSIONS The current results are the first report in estimating how the external energy is deeply or distantly transferred into a model skins depending on the elastic moduli of the models skins. In doing so, the results would be potentially useful in predicting the health of cells, tissues and organs exposed to various stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - C Hwang
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, 446-729, South Korea
| | - H Nam
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, 446-729, South Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, 446-729, South Korea
| | - B Y Kang
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, 446-729, South Korea
| | - E C Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
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18
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Saberi AA, Ebrahimnazhad Rahbari SH, Dashti-Naserabadi H, Abbasi A, Cho YS, Nagler J. Universality in boundary domain growth by sudden bridging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21110. [PMID: 26899304 PMCID: PMC4761969 DOI: 10.1038/srep21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on universality in boundary domain growth in cluster aggregation in the limit of maximum concentration. Maximal concentration means that the diffusivity of the clusters is effectively zero and, instead, clusters merge successively in a percolation process, which leads to a sudden growth of the boundary domains. For two-dimensional square lattices of linear dimension L, independent of the models studied here, we find that the maximum of the boundary interface width, the susceptibility χ, exhibits the scaling χ ~ Lγ with the universal exponent γ = 1. The rapid growth of the boundary domain at the percolation threshold, which is guaranteed to occur for almost any cluster percolation process, underlies the the universal scaling of χ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Saberi
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395-547,Tehran, Iran.,School of Physics and Accelerators, Institute for research in Fundamental Science (IPM) P.O. 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
| | - S H Ebrahimnazhad Rahbari
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, Korea.,Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 19839, Iran
| | - H Dashti-Naserabadi
- Department of Physics, Plasma and Condensed Matter Computational Laboratory, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran
| | - A Abbasi
- Physics and Accelerators Research School, NSRTI 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - J Nagler
- Computational Physics, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Cho YS, Lee JS, Herrmann HJ, Kahng B. Hybrid Percolation Transition in Cluster Merging Processes: Continuously Varying Exponents. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:025701. [PMID: 26824550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Consider growing a network, in which every new connection is made between two disconnected nodes. At least one node is chosen randomly from a subset consisting of g fraction of the entire population in the smallest clusters. Here we show that this simple strategy for improving connection exhibits a more unusual phase transition, namely a hybrid percolation transition exhibiting the properties of both first-order and second-order phase transitions. The cluster size distribution of finite clusters at a transition point exhibits power-law behavior with a continuously varying exponent τ in the range 2<τ(g)≤2.5. This pattern reveals a necessary condition for a hybrid transition in cluster aggregation processes, which is comparable to the power-law behavior of the avalanche size distribution arising in models with link-deleting processes in interdependent networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- CCSS, CTP and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - H J Herrmann
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Kahng
- CCSS, CTP and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Abstract
Percolation is a paradigmatic model in disordered systems and has been applied to various natural phenomena. The percolation transition is known as one of the most robust continuous transitions. However, recent extensive studies have revealed that a few models exhibit a discontinuous percolation transition (DPT) in cluster merging processes. Unlike the case of continuous transitions, understanding the nature of discontinuous phase transitions requires a detailed study of the system at hand, which has not been undertaken yet for DPTs. Here we examine the cluster size distribution immediately before an abrupt increase in the order parameter of DPT models and find that DPTs induced by cluster merging kinetics can be classified into two types. Moreover, the type of DPT can be determined by the key characteristic of whether the cluster kinetic rule is homogeneous with respect to the cluster sizes. We also establish the necessary conditions for each type of DPT, which can be used effectively when the discontinuity of the order parameter is ambiguous, as in the explosive percolation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Center for Complex Systems Studies and CTP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - B Kahng
- Center for Complex Systems Studies and CTP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Son MJ, Kwon Y, Son MY, Seol B, Choi HS, Ryu SW, Choi C, Cho YS. Mitofusins deficiency elicits mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming to pluripotency. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1957-69. [PMID: 25882047 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell reprogramming technology has allowed the in vitro control of cell fate transition, thus allowing for the generation of highly desired cell types to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes and architectures. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming process remain to be defined. Here, we show that depleting p53 and p21, which are barriers to reprogramming, yields a high reprogramming efficiency. Deletion of these factors results in a distinct mitochondrial background with low expression of oxidative phosphorylation subunits and mitochondrial fusion proteins, including mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2). Importantly, Mfn1/2 depletion reciprocally inhibits the p53-p21 pathway and promotes both the conversion of somatic cells to a pluripotent state and the maintenance of pluripotency. Mfn1/2 depletion facilitates the glycolytic metabolic transition through the activation of the Ras-Raf and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) signaling at an early stage of reprogramming. HIF1α is required for increased glycolysis and reprogramming by Mfn1/2 depletion. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Mfn1/2 constitutes a new barrier to reprogramming, and that Mfn1/2 ablation facilitates the induction of pluripotency through the restructuring of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - M-Y Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - B Seol
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Choi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - S-W Ryu
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - C Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Cho YS, Jung SC, Oh S. Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis using a metal oxide-based electronic nose. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 60:513-6. [PMID: 25739902 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic noses (e-noses) have been used for environmental monitoring, standardization of medicinal flavourings, food safety tests and diagnosis of infectious diseases based on the statistical analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is officially diagnosed using the intradermal skin test (IST), which is time-consuming and labour-intensive. Therefore, a more convenient and rapid test with greater sensitivity would be advantageous as prescreening test. In this study, we used a metal oxide sensor (MOS) type e-nose to analyse VOCs in a bTB-infected (n = 11) and bTB-free (n = 10) sera, from cattle whose health status was confirmed using the IST, and pathological and bacteriological examinations. The differences in VOCs from bTB-infected and bTB-free sera detected by the e-nose were statistically analysed using principal components and discriminant factor analyses. bTB-infected and bTB-free sera could be discriminated by MOS type e-nose, and analysing time per sample was only 20 min. VOC analysis using a MOS e-nose was a rapid and automated prescreening method to diagnose bTB, and can be used to select bTB-suspect cattle for IST confirmation. Further studies are required to estimate test sensitivity and specificity. Significance and impact of the study: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle is diagnosed using the intradermal skin test (IST); however, this method is very time-consuming and labour-intensive. We analysed volatile organic compounds that are obtained from serum using a metal oxide sensor type of electronic nose to discriminate between TB-infected and TB-free sera. This simple and automated technique will be useful to prescreen bTB-suspects and reduce the time and labour required to perform the IST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Bacteriology Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - S C Jung
- Bacteriology Disease Division, Department of Animal and Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Korea
| | - S Oh
- Technical Support Team, InSung Chroma-Tech, Seoul, Korea
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Kim S, Cho YS, Araújo NAM, Kahng B. Crossover behavior of conductivity in a discontinuous percolation model. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:032113. [PMID: 24730796 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.032113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When conducting bonds are occupied randomly in a two-dimensional square lattice, the conductivity of the system increases continuously as the density of those conducting bonds exceeds the percolation threshold. Such a behavior is well known in percolation theory; however, the conductivity behavior has not been studied yet when the percolation transition is discontinuous. Here we investigate the conductivity behavior through a discontinuous percolation model evolving under a suppressive external bias. Using effective medium theory, we analytically calculate the conductivity behavior as a function of the density of conducting bonds. The conductivity function exhibits a crossover behavior from a drastically to a smoothly increasing function beyond the percolation threshold in the thermodynamic limit. The analytic expression fits well our simulation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmin Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - N A M Araújo
- Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, IfB, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Kahng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Chung MK, Cho YS, Bae YC, Lee J, Zhang X, Ro JY. Peripheral G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels are involved in δ-opioid receptor-mediated anti-hyperalgesia in rat masseter muscle. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:29-38. [PMID: 23740773 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of peripherally administered opioid has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-hyperalgesic effects are poorly understood. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are linked to opioid receptors in the brain. However, the role of peripheral GIRK channels in analgesia induced by peripherally administered opioid, especially in trigeminal system, is not clear. METHODS Expression of GIRK subunits in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG) was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Chemical profiles of GIRK-expressing neurons in TG were further characterized. Behavioural and Fos experiments were performed to examine the functional involvement of GIRK channels in δ-opioid receptor (DOR)-mediated anti-hyperalgesia under an acute myositis condition. RESULTS TG expressed mRNA and proteins for GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits. Majority of GIRK1- and GIRK2-expressing neurons were non-peptidergic afferents. Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using Tertiapin-Q (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), on mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle. Furthermore, TPQ attenuated the suppressive effects of peripheral DPDPE on neuronal activation in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nucleus (Vc) following masseteric injection of capsaicin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that peripheral DOR agonist-induced suppression of mechanical hypersensitivity in the masseter muscle involves the activity of peripheral GIRK channels. These results could provide a rationale for developing a novel therapeutic approach using peripheral GIRK channel openers to mimic or supplement the effects of peripheral opioid agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-K Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
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Lee JJ, Kim JS, Yoon SJ, Cho YS, Choi JW. Electrical and optical properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin films by continuous composition spread. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:3317-3320. [PMID: 23858851 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Indium zinc oxide (IZO) films were deposited on glass substrate at room temperature using off-axis RF sputtering-continuous composition spread (CCS) system. The full range composition of IZO films were controlled by the deposition rate and thickness profiles of In2O3 and ZnO target. The structural, electrical and optical properties of IZO thin films were measured as functions of position. IZO thin film had the lowest resistivity and highest carrier concentration at the position of 15 mm (5.02 x 10(-4) omega cm, 3.9 x 10(20)/cm3). And IZO thin film had high transmittance in visible region at measured all positions. This study has investigated to explore the new composition of IZO films using CCS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lee
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Abstract
When dynamics in a system proceeds under suppressive external bias, the system can undergo an abrupt phase transition, as can happen when an epidemic spreads. Recently, an explosive percolation (EP) model was introduced to understand such phenomena. The order of the EP transition has not been clarified in a unified framework covering low-dimensional systems and the mean-field limit. We introduce a stochastic model in which a rule for dynamics is designed to avoid the formation of a spanning cluster through competitive selection in Euclidean space. We use heuristic arguments to show that in the thermodynamic limit and depending on a control parameter, the EP transition can be either continuous or discontinuous if d < d(c) and is always continuous if d ≥ d(c), where d(c) is the spatial dimension and d is the upper critical dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Yoon SY, Kim TB, Baek S, Kim S, Kwon HS, Lee YS, Lee T, Jang AS, Chang YS, Cho SH, Choi BW, Park JW, Nham DH, Yoon HJ, Cho YJ, Park CS, Moon HB, Cho YS. The impact of total antioxidant capacity on pulmonary function in asthma patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:1036-42. [PMID: 23044449 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, mediated by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of asthma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on the pulmonary function of Korean asthma patients. METHOD A total of 104 adult asthma patients enrolled from the COREA (Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea) programme participated in the study. Baseline clinical parameters at enrolment, and the results of pulmonary function tests at baseline and 1 and 2 years after enrolment were collected. TAC at baseline was measured using a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. Patients were divided into two groups based on TAC levels, and various clinical parameters were compared. RESULT Serum TAC levels correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) at baseline (r = 0.22, P = 0.03). The group with higher baseline TAC levels maintained greater mean FEV(1) both 1 and 2 years after enrolment, even after adjusting for sex, age, height, weight, body mass index and smoking status. CONCLUSION These results suggest an important link between serum TAC levels and pulmonary function, indicating that higher TAC levels may be a biomarker for favourable prognosis in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yoon
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi J, Choi MJ, Kim C, Cho YS, Chin J, Jo YA. The optimization of ELISA for methamphetamine determination: the effect of immunogen, tracer and antibody purification method on the sensitivity. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 20:46-52. [PMID: 18975211 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1996] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To obtain more sensitive immunoassay for methamphetamine (MA) determination, the optimum condition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was investigated in regard to immunogens, antibody purification methods and coating tracers. Activated MA, N-(4-aminobutyl)methamphetamine (4-ABMA), was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as immunogen. The antibodies were purified by protein G chromatography or various immunoaffinity chromatography-linked MA-protein ligands, such as MA-BSA, MA-KLH or MA-ovalbumin (OVA). Each purified antibody was characterized by means of sensitivity and cross-reactivity using the three MA-protein coating tracers, MA-BSA, MA-KLH and MA-OVA. The best sensitivity of each antibody was acquired with the MA-OVA tracer although the tracer concentration and the antibody titer level at optimum condition were varied. The antibody with high titer level did not always yield good sensitivity. At optimum condition, immunoaffinity chromatography-purified antibodies were better for sensitivity and for specificity than protein G-purified antibodies. The cross-reactivity of the purified antibodies seemed to be affected by immunogen structure and showed somewhat different patterns according to the immunoaffinity ligand utilized. These data show that the antibody purification method as well as choice of coating tracer and immunogen is essential for the sensitivity and specificity of EIA; the optimum condition for assay should be discovered using various methods and combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Choi
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, P.O.Box 131, 130-650, Seoul, Korea
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Yeh JY, Lee JH, Park JY, Cho YS, Cho IS. Countering the livestock-targeted bioterrorism threat and responding with an animal health safeguarding system. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:289-97. [PMID: 22726305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attacks against livestock and poultry using biological agents constitute a subtype of agroterrorism. These attacks are defined as the intentional introduction of an animal infectious disease to strike fear in people, damage a nation's economy and/or threaten social stability. Livestock bioterrorism is considered attractive to terrorists because biological agents for use against livestock or poultry are more readily available and difficult to monitor than biological agents for use against humans. In addition, an attack on animal husbandry can have enormous economic consequences, even without human casualties. Animal husbandry is vulnerable to livestock-targeted bioterrorism because it is nearly impossible to secure all livestock animals, and compared with humans, livestock are less well-guarded targets. Furthermore, anti-livestock biological weapons are relatively easy to employ, and a significant effect can be produced with only a small amount of infectious material. The livestock sector is presently very vulnerable to bioterrorism as a result of large-scale husbandry methods and weaknesses in the systems used to detect disease outbreaks, which could aggravate the consequences of livestock-targeted bioterrorism. Thus, terrorism against livestock and poultry cannot be thought of as either a 'low-probability' or 'low-consequence' incident. This review provides an overview of methods to prevent livestock-targeted bioterrorism and respond to terrorism involving the deliberate introduction of a pathogen-targeting livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Yeh
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are widely used for the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal diseases, reduce both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell enzyme H(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase. There have been several reports of hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs but anaphylaxis is very rare. We report on two cases of anaphylaxis to PPIs. CASE SUMMARY Our two interesting and instructive cases of anaphylaxis to PPIs relate to the orally disintegrating form of lansoprazole and omeprazole. The first patient had taken esomeprazole 20 mg/day for 1 month without any side effects before experiencing anaphylaxis to lansoprazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anaphylaxis to the orally disintegrating form of lansoprazole. In the second case, the patient was misdiagnosed with penicillin allergy which she suffered from earlier. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Physicians need to be more aware of the possibility of hypersensitivity to PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
A modified InChI (International Chemical Identifier) string scheme, yaInChI (yet another InChI), is suggested as a method for including the structural information of a given molecule, making it straightforward and more easily readable. The yaInChI theme is applicable for checking the structural identity with higher sensitivity and generating three-dimensional (3-D) structures from the one-dimensional (1-D) string with less ambiguity than the general InChI method. The modifications to yaInChI provide non-rotatable single bonds, stereochemistry of organometallic compounds, allene and cumulene, and parity of atoms with a lone pair. Additionally, yaInChI better preserves the original information of the given input file (SDF) using the protonation information, hydrogen count +1, and original bond type, which are not considered or restrictively considered in InChI and SMILES. When yaInChI is used to perform a duplication check on a 3D chemical structure database, Ligand.Info, it shows more discriminating power than InChI. The structural information provided by yaInChI is in a compact format, making it a promising solution for handling large chemical structure databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics and Research Center for Integrative Basic Science, SoongSil University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Percolation transitions (PTs) of networks, leading to the formation of a macroscopic cluster, are conventionally considered to be continuous transitions. However, a modified version of the classical random graph model was introduced in which the growth of clusters was suppressed, and a PT occurs explosively at a delayed transition point. Whether the explosive PT is indeed discontinuous or continuous becomes controversial. Here, we show that the behavior of the explosive PT depends on detailed dynamic rules. Thus, when dynamic rules are designed to suppress the growth of all clusters, the discontinuity of the order parameter tends to a finite value as the system size increases, indicating that the explosive PT could be discontinuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul , Korea
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Park HJ, Rosado JA, Redondo PC, Cho YS. Immunophilin dysfunction and neuropathology. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:5398-407. [PMID: 22087832 DOI: 10.2174/092986711798194360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In case of nervous damages, like nervous system trauma or various neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia or Parkinson, several treatments are available to restore neurological function. In spite of these treatments, results are often insufficient or not satisfactory in many neurologic diseases, especially for central nervous system (CNS) lesions. To minimize neurological dysfunction, it is critical to reduce neuronal death, avoiding loss of the synaptic connections, and securing viable neurons to extend axons. Unfortunately, there are no effective strategies to fulfill these basic needs except for some cases of peripheral neural damage up to now. Rescue of damaged neurons, stimulation of neurogenesis and transplantation of nervous tissue are strategies proposed to prevent neurodegenerative disorders. A number of studies have recently reported successful axon regeneration and neurological recovery by using immunosuppressants, such as FK506. Immunosuppressants act as excellent agents for enhancing the rate and extent of axon regeneration and neurological recovery. FK506 and other neuroimmunophilin ligands (NILs) might reverse neuronal degeneration. In several animal models mimicking Parkinson's disease, dementia and surgical damage, NILs induces resprouting, by acting as neurotrophic agents and preventing nerve damage, although more studies are necessary to identify new NILs with neuroprotective action, but lacking the side immunological effects observed in the ligands analyzed to date. This review explores the new clinical role of immunosuppressants in the treatment of nerve surgery of autologous, allografts or xenografts. Results of studies regarding immunosuppressant treatment of nervous system trauma and neurodegenerative diseases, like neurogenic erectile dysfunction, will be here considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, 108 Pyung-Dong, Jongro-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Bae YJ, Kim YS, Park CS, Lee YS, Chang YS, Cho YS, Jang AS, Cho SH, Choi BW, Kim SG, Moon HB, Kim TB. Reliability and validity of the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire for asthma. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:966-71. [PMID: 21682973 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a self-administered questionnaire that has been used to evaluate the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and reliability of the SGRQ for a large population with asthma. DESIGN We used the previously developed Korean version of the SGRQ (SGRQ-K) to assess 676 asthma patients enrolled from the Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea study. Cronbach's α was used to assess test reliability and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between SGRQ scores and various clinical factors. RESULTS The total SGRQ-K score had acceptable reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.92). The total SGRQ-K score was significantly correlated with symptom duration (r = 0.157, P < 0.001), pulmonary function (% FEV(1) of predicted r = -0.314, P < 0.001; % FVC of predicted r = -0.224, P < 0.001; FEV(1)/FVC r = -0.224, P < 0.001), asthma severity (r = 0.278, P < 0.001) and history of asthma exacerbation. CONCLUSION With the exception of the SGRQ-K symptoms, SGRQ-K is a reliable and valid test for evaluation of the quality of life of patients with asthma. Scores were well correlated with duration of symptoms, lung function and previous history of asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Bae
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho YS, Kahng B. Discontinuous percolation transitions in real physical systems. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:050102. [PMID: 22181356 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study discontinuous percolation transitions (PTs) in the diffusion-limited cluster aggregation model of the sol-gel transition as an example of real physical systems, in which the number of aggregation events is regarded as the number of bonds occupied in the system. When particles are Brownian, in which cluster velocity depends on cluster size as v(s)~s(η) with η=-0.5, a larger cluster has less probability to collide with other clusters because of its smaller mobility. Thus, the cluster is effectively more suppressed in growth of its size. Then the giant cluster size increases drastically by merging those suppressed clusters near the percolation threshold, exhibiting a discontinuous PT. We also study the tricritical behavior by controlling the parameter η, and the tricritical point is determined by introducing an asymmetric Smoluchowski equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kwak MS, Choi JW, Lee JS, Kim KA, Suh JH, Cho YS, Won SY, Park BK, Lee CK. Long-term efficacy of entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with antiviral resistance to lamivudine and adefovir. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:e432-8. [PMID: 21914060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
No studies have reported the long-term effects of entecavir switching in patients with multidrug resistance who developed resistance after lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. We evaluated the efficacy of 96 weeks of entecavir therapy in patients with resistance to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. In total, 33 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with evidence of active viral replication (HBV DNA levels ≥ 10(5) copies/mL) or a history of treatment failure to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy between April 2007 and July 2009 were treated with entecavir (1.0 mg daily) for at least 48 weeks. The rates of alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 66.7% (14/21) and 24.2% (8/33) at 48 weeks, respectively. The initial HBV DNA level was the only factor that was inversely associated with serum HBV DNA negativity after 48 weeks of entecavir therapy (P < 0.023). At 96 weeks, the rates of ALT normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 77.8% (7/9) and 16.7% (3/18), respectively. Viral breakthrough occurred in 21.2% (7/33) and 78.9% (15/19) of patients at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively. Patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL at 48 weeks maintained a similar HBV DNA level and a normal ALT level until 96 weeks. Entecavir monotherapy for 96 weeks was not efficacious for patients with lamivudine/adefovir-resistant HBV. The initial HBV DNA level was the only predictive factor for antiviral efficacy. However, patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL with a normal ALT level at 48 weeks should maintain, rather than stop, entecavir therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Lee YS, Lee JH, Choi JS, Son CE, Jeon SW, Kim JT, Joo KJ, Cho YS, Jung US. Accessory polar renal artery encountered in transperitoneal systemic laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2011; 32:87-90. [PMID: 21446334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase vigilance among gynecological surgeons for the presence of accessory polar renal artery (APRA) encountered with transperitoneal systemic laparoscopic paraaortic lymphadenectomy (LPAL). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on 156 women who underwent LPAL for various gynecologic malignancies between November 2003 and December 2009. RESULTS The median age, parity, body mass index, and number of previous abdominal surgeries, respectively, of the women were 52 years (range, 23-82 years), two (range, 0-7), 24.1 kg/m2 (range, 17.4-35.0 kg/m2), and 0 (range, 0-3). During the study period, we found four women with APRA. There were three cases of right lower APRAs arising from the abdominal aorta, caudal to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), terminating at the parenchyma of the lower pole of the right kidney. In the other case, the APRA arose from the abdominal aorta superior to the IMA. There were no vascular complications, such as transection or ligation of the APRA. CONCLUSION It is important for the gynecological oncologic surgeon to have knowledge of retroperitoneal vascular anatomy, experience in laparoscopic surgery, and an accurate surgical technique to avoid vascular injury during LPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Flushing Hospital Medical Center, Flushing, NY, USA
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Cho YS, Kim SW, Noh JD, Kahng B, Kim D. Finite-size scaling theory for explosive percolation transitions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:042102. [PMID: 21230331 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.042102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The finite-size scaling (FSS) theory for continuous phase transitions has been useful in determining the critical behavior from the size-dependent behaviors of thermodynamic quantities. When the phase transition is discontinuous, however, FSS approach has not been well established yet. Here, we develop a FSS theory for the explosive percolation transition arising in the Erdős and Rényi model under the Achlioptas process. A scaling function is derived based on the observed fact that the derivative of the curve of the order parameter at the critical point t(c) diverges with system size in a power-law manner, which is different from the conventional one based on the divergence of the correlation length at t(c). We show that the susceptibility is also described in the same scaling form. Numerical simulation data for different system sizes are well collapsed on the respective scaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Jung ME, Cho GM, Byun SW, Do KR, Kim HK, Cho YS, Chae HS, Shin OR, Kim SS. Colitis cystica profunda presenting with a mucus pool within the stalk of a pedunculated colon polyp. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E114-5. [PMID: 20306399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijongbu St Mary Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijongbu, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Baek
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Cho YS, Kahng B, Kim D. Cluster aggregation model for discontinuous percolation transitions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:030103. [PMID: 20365683 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the Erdos-Rényi (ER) network by adding edges is a basis model for irreversible kinetic aggregation phenomena. Such ER processes can be described by a rate equation for the evolution of the cluster-size distribution with the connection kernel Kij approximately ij , where ij is the product of the sizes of two merging clusters. Here we study that when the giant cluster is discouraged to develop by a sublinear kernel Kij approximately (ij)omega with 0<or=omega<1/2 , the percolation transition (PT) is discontinuous. Such discontinuous PT can occur even when the ER dynamics evolves from proper initial conditions. The obtained evolutionary properties of the simple model sheds light on the origin of the discontinuous PT in other nonequilibrium kinetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Hong KW, Jin HS, Lim JE, Cho YS, Go MJ, Jung J, Lee JE, Choi J, Shin C, Hwang SY, Lee SH, Park HK, Oh B. Non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with blood pressure and hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 24:763-74. [PMID: 20147969 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the association of 1180 non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and hypertensive status. A total of 8842 subjects were taken from two community-based cohorts--Ansung (n=4183) and Ansan (n=4659), South Korea--which had been established for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Five SNPs (rs16835244, rs2286672, rs6265, rs17237198 and rs7312017) were significantly associated (P-values: 0.003-0.0001, not corrected for genome-wide significance) with SBP in both cohorts. Of these SNPs, rs16835244 and rs2286672 correlated with risk for hypertension. The rs16835244 SNP replaces Ala288 in arginine decarboxylase (ADC) with serine, and rs2286672 replaces Arg172 in phospholipase D2 (PLD2) with cysteine. A comparison of peptide sequences between vertebrate homologues revealed that the SNPs identified occur at conserved amino-acid residues. In silico analysis of the protein structure showed that the substitution of a polar residue, serine, for a non-polar alanine at amino-acid residue 288 affects a conformational change in ADC, and that Arg172 in PLD2 resides in the PX domain, which is important for membrane trafficking. These results provide insights into the function of these non-synonymous SNPs in the development of hypertension. The study investigating non-synonymous SNPs from GWAS not only by statistical association analysis but also by biological relevance through the protein structure might be a good approach for identifying genetic risk factors for hypertension, in addition to discovering causative variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-W Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Hong IS, Park BS, Jang JH, Kwon HJ, Cho YS, Hwang YS. Design and construction of a compact microwave proton source for a proton linac. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:02A314. [PMID: 20192335 DOI: 10.1063/1.3271170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A 100 MeV, 20 mA proton linear accelerator is being developed by the Proton Engineering Frontier Project at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. 20 MeV acceleration system using radio frequency quadrupole and drift tube linac was already developed and has been tested. To operate this acceleration system with a long time, more reliable proton source is needed. A compact microwave proton source was proposed and has been designed and constructed as a prototype ion source for the 100 MeV proton linear accelerator. The design of microwave power injection system is based on the microwave proton injector at LANL and CEA. The wave power from a 2.45 GHz, 2 kW magnetron source is introduced into a compact plasma chamber with 7 cm diameter and 5 cm length through a standard tapered, double-ridged waveguide (WRD250) and a quartz window. The microwave power supply is installed on high voltage platform. Axial magnetic fields up to 1 kG can be provided with a water-cooled solenoid coil. A single-hole three electrode extraction system is designed for an extraction current up to 30 mA at a 50 kV extraction voltage. The design and initial operations of the proton source are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Hong
- Proton Engineering Frontier Project, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea.
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Yang JH, Kim YM, Chung HS, Cho J, Lee HM, Kang GH, Kim EC, Lim T, Cho YS. Comparison of four manikins and fresh frozen cadaver models for direct laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation training. Emerg Med J 2009; 27:13-6. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.066456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cho YS, Kim JS, Park J, Kahng B, Kim D. Percolation transitions in scale-free networks under the Achlioptas process. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:135702. [PMID: 19905523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.135702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that the percolation transition is discontinuous in Erdos-Rényi networks and square lattices in two dimensions under the Achlioptas process (AP). Here, we show that when the structure is highly heterogeneous as in scale-free networks, a discontinuous transition does not always occur: a continuous transition is also possible depending on the degree distribution of the scale-free network. This originates from the competition between the AP that discourages the formation of a giant component and the existence of hubs that encourages it. We also estimate the value of the characteristic degree exponent that separates the two transition types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Abstract
Ricin is a member of a group of protein toxins whose cytosolic target is the 28S rRNA of the 60S ribosomal subunit. It was recently introduced as a weapon of terrorism in some countries. There is little evidence about the mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of ricin poisoning. The case history is reported of a patient with ricin poisoning who presented with nausea and vomiting following ingestion of Korean castor bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, Sooncheonhyang University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Piao ZH, Yoon SR, Kim MS, Jeon JH, Lee SH, Kim TD, Lee HG, Bae KH, Min JK, Chung SJ, Kim M, Cho YS, Oh DB, Park SY, Chung JW, Choi I. VDUP1 potentiates Ras-mediated angiogenesis via ROS production in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2009; 55 Suppl:OL1096-OL1103. [PMID: 19267992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a tumor suppressor of which expression is reduced in a variety of cancer cells, and enforced expression inhibits the tumor cell proliferation. It inhibits the activity of thioredoxin, thus contributing cellular ROS generation. Since ROS is a critical factor for angiogenesis, we investigated the role of VDUP1 in angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation. The expression of VDUP1 was upregulated by overexpression of an oncogene, Ras. Enforced expression of VDUP1 increases ROS production and proliferation of Ras-overexpressing endothelial cells. Overexpression of VDUP1 increases the resistance to the anchorage-dependent cell death and tube formation of the Ras-overexpressing endothelial cell. In addition, the removal of ROS by ROS scavenger attenuates the effect of VDUP1 on tube formation. These results suggest that VDUP1 is involved in Ras-mediated angiogenesis via ROS generation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Piao
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research Center, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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Khandaker MU, Kim K, Lee MW, Kim KS, Kim GN, Cho YS, Lee YO. Experimental determination of proton-induced cross-sections on natural zirconium. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1341-7. [PMID: 19282193 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We measured cross-sections for the formation of (86g,87m,87g)Y, (88,89g)Zr, and (90,92m)Nb radionuclides for proton-induced reactions on natural zirconium by using a conventional stacked-foil activation technique in the energy range between 1 and 40MeV at the MC-50 cyclotron of the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science. We compared the measured data with the available literature data and the theoretical calculation by the model codes TALYS and ALICE-IPPE. We also deduced the integral yields for thick targets from the measured cross-sections of the produced radionuclides. The optimum production possibility of the medically important (89g)Zr and (86)Y radionuclides were discussed elaborately.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Khandaker
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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