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Wan Jabarudin WNE, Narayanan V, Hamdan M, Gunasagran Y, Thavarajan RD, Kamarudin M, Tan PC. Oral rehydration therapy versus intravenous rehydration therapy in the first 12 h following hospitalization for hyperemesis gravidarum: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38358264 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate oral rehydration therapy (ORT) compared with intravenous rehydration therapy (IVT) in the early inpatient management of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). METHODS A total of 124 women hospitalized for HG from February 10, 2021 till January 6, 2023 were randomized to ORT (n = 61) or IVT (n = 63) for an initial 12 h. Inclusion criteria includes women older than 18 years, with a viable intrauterine pregnancy less than 14 weeks at their first hospitalization for HG with ketonuria of at least 2+. Primary outcomes were (1) satisfaction score with allocated intervention, (2) weight change, and (3) ketonuria change at 12 h. Secondary outcomes included vomiting frequency, nausea score, serial vital signs, hematocrit and electrolyte levels at 12 h, deviation from treatment protocol (cross-over therapy), participant recommendation of allocated treatment to a friend, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Primary outcomes of (1) participant satisfaction score (on a 0-10 visual numerical rating scale) was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5-8) versus 9 (IQR 8-10), P < 0.001; (2) weight gain was 293 ± 780 g versus 948 ± 758 g, P < 0.001; and (3) ketonuria improvement was 50/61 (82.0%) versus 49/63 (77.8%) (relative risk [RR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-1.26, P = 0.561) for ORT versus IVT, respectively. For secondary outcomes, vomiting frequency was 2.6 ± 2.7 versus 1.1 ± 1.4 episodes (P < 0.001), participant cross-over rate to opposing treatment 20/61 (32.8%) versus 0/63 (0%) (P < 0.001) (in the 12-h study period) and participant recommendation of allocated treatment to a friend rate 24/61 (39.3%) versus 61/63 (96.8%) (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.30-0.56, P < 0.001) for ORT versus IVT, respectively. By hospital discharge, 31/61 (50.8%) of women allocated to ORT had required IVT. Other secondary outcomes of serial assessments of nausea score and vital signs, hematocrit and electrolyte levels, and length of hospital stay were not different. CONCLUSIONS ORT was inferior to IVT in two primary outcomes and three secondary outcomes. Cross-over rate to intravenous therapy from oral therapy was 50.8% by hospital discharge. Intravenous rehydration therapy should remain as first-line rehydration therapy in the early inpatient treatment of HG. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The present study was registered in ISRCTN registry on December 6, 2020 with trial identification number: ISRCTN 40152556 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN40152556). The first participant was recruited on February 10, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nurul Ezyani Wan Jabarudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vallikkannu Narayanan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mukhri Hamdan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeeta Gunasagran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Malaya Medical Center, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rudra Devi Thavarajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Malaya Medical Center, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maherah Kamarudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peng Chiong Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yeu TH, Omar IS, Sani SFA, Pathmanathan D, Goh BT, Ravindran N, Teo IH, Gunasagran Y, Mat Adenan NA, Chung I, Abd Jamil AH. Distinct Lipid Phenotype of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) Isolated From Overweight/Obese Endometrial Cancer Patients as Assessed Using Raman Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2023:37028231182721. [PMID: 37357678 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231182721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly linked with increased risk and poorer prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts that form a large component of the tumor microenvironment and undergo metabolic reprogramming to provide critical metabolites for tumor growth. However, it is still unknown how obesity, characterized by a surplus of free fatty acids drives the modifications of CAFs lipid metabolism which may provide the mechanistic link between obesity and EC progression. The present study aims to evaluate the utility of Raman spectroscopy, an emerging nondestructive analytical tool to detect signature changes in lipid metabolites of CAFs from EC patients with varying body mass index. We established primary cultures of fibroblasts from human EC tissues, and CAFs of overweight/obese and nonobese women using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads isolation. These homogeneous fibroblast cultures expressed fibroblast markers, including α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Analysis was made in the Raman spectra region best associated with cancer progression biochemical changes in lipids (600-1800 cm-1 and 2800-3200 cm-1). Direct band analysis and ratiometric analysis were conducted to extract information from the Raman spectrum. Present results demonstrated minor shifts in the CH2 symmetric stretch of lipids at 2879 cm-1 and CH3 asymmetric stretching from protein at 2932 cm-1 in the overweight/obese CAFS compared to nonobese CAFs, indicating increased lipid content and a higher degree of lipid saturation. Principal component analysis showed that CAFs from overweight/obese and nonobese EC patients can be clearly distinguished indicating the capability of Raman spectroscopy to detect changes in biochemical components. Our results suggest Raman spectroscopy supported by chemometric analysis is a reliable technique for characterizing metabolic changes in clinical samples, providing an insight into obesity-driven alteration in CAFs, a critical stromal component during EC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Hua Yeu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Intan Sofia Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dharini Pathmanathan
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Tong Goh
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nithyialakshmi Ravindran
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ik Hui Teo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeeta Gunasagran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ara Damansara and Subang Jaya Medical Center, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amira Hajirah Abd Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Omar IS, Mat Adenan NA, Godoy A, Teo IH, Gunasagran Y, Chung I. Corrigendum to "Aberrant upregulation of CDK1 contributes to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) resistance in cancer-associated fibroblasts of the endometrium" [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 628 (2022) 133-140]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:202. [PMID: 36593136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Intan Sofia Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ara Damansara and Subang Jaya Medical Center, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, United States
| | - Ik Hui Teo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeeta Gunasagran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Omar IS, Mat Adenan NA, Godoy A, Teo IH, Gunasagran Y, Chung I. Aberrant upregulation of CDK1 contributes to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) resistance in cancer-associated fibroblasts of the endometrium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 628:133-140. [PMID: 36084551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The response to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) decreases as endometrial disease progresses from the benign to malignancy. In a mouse model, progesterone receptor (PR) expression in normal fibroblasts is accountable for the MPA's inhibitory effects in cancer cells. However, it is still unclear, if and how, fibroblasts from human tumors respond to MPA. In this study, three benign-associated fibroblasts (BAFs) and four cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were isolated from human benign and cancerous endometrial tissues, respectively, to examine MPA activation on PR signaling. PR-B protein expression were heterogeneously expressed in both CAFs and BAFs, despite a lower mRNA expression in the former. In a luciferase reporter assay, MPA treatment stimulated some PR DNA-binding activity in BAFs but not in CAFs. Yet, activation of PR target gene was generally more pronounced in MPA-treated CAFs compared to BAFs. Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was exclusively upregulated by 10 nM MPA in CAFs (5.1-fold vs. 1.1-fold in BAFs, P < 0.05), leading to a higher CDK1 protein expression. Subsequently in a dose-response study, CAFs showed an average of ∼20% higher cell viability when compared to BAFs, indicative of drug resistance to MPA. MPA resistance was also observed in EC-CAFs co-culture, when MPA-treated cells showed greater tumor spheroid formation than in EC-BAFs co-culture (2-fold, P < 0.01). The increased cell viability observed in CAFs was reversed with mifepristone (RU486), a PR antagonist which suppressed MPA-induced CDK1 expression. This indicates that MPA-induced abnormal upregulation of CDK1 may contribute to the enhanced CAFs cell proliferation, suggesting a new mechanism of MPA resistance within endometrial cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan Sofia Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Mat Adenan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ara Damansara and Subang Jaya Medical Center, Ramsay Sime Darby Health Care, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, United States
| | - Ik Hui Teo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeeta Gunasagran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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