1
|
Foo R, Hey YY, Ng JHJ, Chionh YT, Chia WN, Kong PS, Lee BPYH, Kang AEZ, Borthwick SA, Low DHW, Mendenhall IH, Pena EM, Yroy RE, Ng BS, Wang LF. Establishment of a Captive Cave Nectar Bat ( Eonycteris spelaea) Breeding Colony in Singapore. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2022; 61:344-352. [PMID: 35688608 PMCID: PMC9674015 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bats are known natural reservoirs of several highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, including Hendra virus, Nipah virus, rabies virus, SARS-like coronaviruses, and suspected ancestral reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The capacity to survive infections of highly pathogenic agents without severe disease, together with many other unique features, makes bats an ideal animal model for studying the regulation of infection, cancer, and longevity, which is likely to translate into human health outcomes. A key factor that limits bat research is lack of breeding bat colonies. To address this need, a captive bat colony was established in Singapore from 19 wild-caught local cave nectar bats. The bats were screened for specific pathogens before the start of captive breeding. Custom-made cages and an optimized diet inclusive of Wombaroo dietary formula, liquid diet, and supplement of fruits enabled the bats to breed prolifically in our facility. Cages are washed daily and disinfected once every fortnight. Bats are observed daily to detect any sick bat or abnormal behavior. In addition, bats undergo a thorough health check once every 3 to 4 mo to check on their overall wellbeing, perform sampling, and document any potential pregnancy. The current colony houses over 80 bats that are successfully breeding, providing a valuable resource for research in Singapore and overseas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy Foo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Hey
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Han Jia Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yok Teng Chionh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pui San Kong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Adrian Eng Zheng Kang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dolyce Hong Wen Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Hewitt Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edgar Macabe Pena
- SingHealth Experimental Medicine Centre and National Large Animal Research Facility, Singapore
| | - Rommel E Yroy
- SingHealth Experimental Medicine Centre and National Large Animal Research Facility, Singapore
| | - Beng Sern Ng
- Research Operations, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin-fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore,,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chionh YT, Cui J, Koh J, Mendenhall IH, Ng JHJ, Low D, Itahana K, Irving AT, Wang LF. High basal heat-shock protein expression in bats confers resistance to cellular heat/oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:835-849. [PMID: 31230214 PMCID: PMC6629734 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats, unique among mammals with powered flight, have many species with the longest size-proportionate lifespan of all mammals. Evolutionary adaptations would have been required to survive the elevated body temperatures during flight. Heat shock protein (HSP), highly conserved master regulators of cell stress, expression was examined across tissues and various cell lines in bats. Basal expression level of major HSPs (HSP70 and HSP90) is significantly higher in two different bat species compared to other mammals. This HSP expression could be a bat-unique, key factor to modulate cellular stress and death. Consequently, bat cells survive prolonged heat treatment, along with other stress stimuli, in a HSP-dependent manner, whereas other mammalian cells succumbed. This suggests HSP expression in bats could be an important adaption to intrinsic metabolic stresses like flight and therefore an important model to study stress resilience and longevity in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yok Teng Chionh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jie Cui
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Javier Koh
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ian H Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Justin H J Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Dolyce Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Koji Itahana
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Aaron T Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Koh J, Itahana Y, Mendenhall IH, Low D, Soh EXY, Guo AK, Chionh YT, Wang LF, Itahana K. ABCB1 protects bat cells from DNA damage induced by genotoxic compounds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2820. [PMID: 31249297 PMCID: PMC6597548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are unusual mammals, with the ability to fly, and long lifespans. In addition, bats have a low incidence of cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Here we discovered that bat cells are more resistant than human and mouse cells to DNA damage induced by genotoxic drugs. We found that bat cells accumulate less chemical than human and mouse cells, and efficient drug efflux mediated by the ABC transporter ABCB1 underlies this improved response to genotoxic reagents. Inhibition of ABCB1 triggers an accumulation of doxorubicin, DNA damage, and cell death. ABCB1 is expressed at higher levels in several cell lines and tissues derived from bats compared to humans. Furthermore, increased drug efflux and high expression of ABCB1 are conserved across multiple bat species. Our findings suggest that enhanced efflux protects bat cells from DNA damage induced by genotoxic compounds, which may contribute to their low cancer incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Koh
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Yoko Itahana
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ian H Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Dolyce Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eunice Xin Yi Soh
- School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, 21 Tampines Avenue 1, Singapore, 529757, Singapore
| | - Alvin Kunyao Guo
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Yok Teng Chionh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Koji Itahana
- Programme in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen M, Ng JHJ, Zhu F, Chionh YT, Chia WN, Mendenhall IH, Lee BPYH, Irving AT, Wang LF. Exploring the genome and transcriptome of the cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea with PacBio long-read sequencing. Gigascience 2018; 7:5104371. [PMID: 30247613 PMCID: PMC6177735 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past two decades, bats have emerged as an important model system to study host-pathogen interactions. More recently, it has been shown that bats may also serve as a new and excellent model to study aging, inflammation, and cancer, among other important biological processes. The cave nectar bat or lesser dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea) is known to be a reservoir for several viruses and intracellular bacteria. It is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics from India to Southeast Asia and pollinates several plant species, including the culturally and economically important durian in the region. Here, we report the whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing, followed by subsequent de novo assembly, of the E. spelaea genome solely using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-read sequencing platform. Findings The newly assembled E. spelaea genome is 1.97 Gb in length and consists of 4,470 sequences with a contig N50 of 8.0 Mb. Identified repeat elements covered 34.65% of the genome, and 20,640 unique protein-coding genes with 39,526 transcripts were annotated. Conclusions We demonstrated that the PacBio long-read sequencing platform alone is sufficient to generate a comprehensive de novo assembled genome and transcriptome of an important bat species. These results will provide useful insights and act as a resource to expand our understanding of bat evolution, ecology, physiology, immunology, viral infection, and transmission dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wen
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Justin H J Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yok Teng Chionh
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ian H Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benjamin PY-H Lee
- Conservation Division, National Parks Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore
| | - Aaron T Irving
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng GZ, Menheniott TR, Every AL, Stent A, Judd LM, Chionh YT, Dhar P, Komen JC, Giraud AS, Wang TC, McGuckin MA, Sutton P. The MUC1 mucin protects against Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis in mice by regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut 2016; 65:1087-99. [PMID: 26079943 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mucin MUC1, best known for providing an epithelial barrier, is an important protective host factor in both humans and mice during Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify the long-term consequences of MUC1 deficiency on H. pylori pathogenesis and the mechanism by which MUC1 protects against H. pylori gastritis. DESIGN Wildtype and Muc1(-/-) mice were infected for up to 9 months, and the gastric pathology, immunological response and epigenetic changes assessed. The effects of MUC1 on the inflammasome, a potent inflammatory pathway, were examined in macrophages and H. pylori-infected mice deficient in both MUC1 and inflammasome components. RESULTS Muc1(-/-) mice began to die 6 months after challenge, indicating Muc1 deficiency made H. pylori a lethal infection. Surprisingly, chimaeric mouse infections revealed MUC1 expression by haematopoietic-derived immune cells limits H. pylori-induced gastritis. Gastritis in infected Muc1(-/-) mice was associated with elevated interleukin (IL)-1β and epigenetic changes in their gastric mucosa similar to those in transgenic mice overexpressing gastric IL-1β, implicating MUC1 regulation of an inflammasome. In support of this, infected Muc1(-/-)Casp1(-/-) mice did not develop severe gastritis. Further, MUC1 regulated Nlrp3 expression via an nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent pathway and reduced NF-κB pathway activation via inhibition of IRAK4 phosphorylation. The importance of this regulation was proven using Muc1(-/-)Nlrp3(-/-) mice, which did not develop severe gastritis. CONCLUSIONS MUC1 is an important, previously unidentified negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. H. pylori activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is normally tightly regulated by MUC1, and loss of this critical regulation results in the development of severe pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Z Ng
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trevelyan R Menheniott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison L Every
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Stent
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Judd
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yok Teng Chionh
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poshmaal Dhar
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasper C Komen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S Giraud
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Menheniott TR, O'Connor L, Chionh YT, Däbritz J, Scurr M, Rollo BN, Ng GZ, Jacobs S, Catubig A, Kurklu B, Mercer S, Minamoto T, Ong DE, Ferrero RL, Fox JG, Wang TC, Sutton P, Judd LM, Giraud AS. Loss of gastrokine-2 drives premalignant gastric inflammation and tumor progression. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1383-400. [PMID: 26974160 DOI: 10.1172/jci82655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucosal inflammation is associated with a greater risk of gastric cancer (GC) and, therefore, requires tight control by suppressive counter mechanisms. Gastrokine-2 (GKN2) belongs to a family of secreted proteins expressed within normal gastric mucosal cells. GKN2 expression is frequently lost during GC progression, suggesting an inhibitory role; however, a causal link remains unsubstantiated. Here, we developed Gkn2 knockout and transgenic overexpressing mice to investigate the functional impact of GKN2 loss in GC pathogenesis. In mouse models of GC, decreased GKN2 expression correlated with gastric pathology that paralleled human GC progression. At baseline, Gkn2 knockout mice exhibited defective gastric epithelial differentiation but not malignant progression. Conversely, Gkn2 knockout in the IL-11/STAT3-dependent gp130F/F GC model caused tumorigenesis of the proximal stomach. Additionally, gastric immunopathology was accelerated in Helicobacter pylori-infected Gkn2 knockout mice and was associated with augmented T helper cell type 1 (Th1) but not Th17 immunity. Heightened Th1 responses in Gkn2 knockout mice were linked to deregulated mucosal innate immunity and impaired myeloid-derived suppressor cell activation. Finally, transgenic overexpression of human gastrokines (GKNs) attenuated gastric tumor growth in gp130F/F mice. Together, these results reveal an antiinflammatory role for GKN2, provide in vivo evidence that links GKN2 loss to GC pathogenesis, and suggest GKN restoration as a strategy to restrain GC progression.
Collapse
|
7
|
Han JX, Ng GZ, Cecchini P, Chionh YT, Saeed MA, Næss LM, Joachim M, Blandford LE, Strugnell RA, Colaco CA, Sutton P. Heat shock protein complex vaccines induce antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis via a MyD88-independent mechanism. Vaccine 2016; 34:1704-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Chionh YT, Arulmuruganar A, Venditti E, Ng GZ, Han JX, Entwisle C, Ang CS, Colaco CA, McNulty S, Sutton P. Heat shock protein complex vaccination induces protection against Helicobacter pylori without exogenous adjuvant. Vaccine 2014; 32:2350-8. [PMID: 24625340 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a vaccine against the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, the main causative agent of gastric adenocarcinoma, has been hampered by a number of issues, including the lack of a mucosal adjuvant for use in humans. Heat shock proteins (Hsp), highly conserved molecules expressed by both bacteria and mammalian species, possess a range of functions, including acting as chaperones for cellular proteins and the ability to activate innate immune receptors. Hsp complex (HspC) vaccines, containing Hsp derived from pathogenic bacteria, are immunostimulatory without addition of an exogenous adjuvant and can induce immunity against their chaperoned proteins. In this study we explored in mice the potential utility of a H. pylori HspC vaccine. RESULTS Vaccination with H. pylori HspC, by either the subcutaneous or respiratory mucosal route, induced a strong antibody response, elevated gastric cytokine levels and significant protection against subsequent live challenge with this pathogen. The level of protection induced by non-adjuvanted HspC vaccine was equivalent to that which resulted from vaccination with adjuvanted vaccines. While protection induced by immunisation with adjuvanted vaccines was associated with the development of a moderate to severe atrophic gastritis, that induced by H. pylori HspC only resulted in a mild inflammatory response, despite an increase in pro-inflammatory gastric cytokines. This reduced gastritis correlated with an increase in IL-10 and IL-13 levels in the gastric tissues of HspC vaccinated, H. pylori challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori HspC vaccines have the potential to overcome some of the issues preventing the development of a human vaccine against this pathogen: HspC induced protective immunity against H. pylori without addition of an adjuvant and without the induction of a severe inflammatory response. However, complete protection was not obtained so further optimisation of this technology is needed if a human vaccine is to become a reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yok Teng Chionh
- Mucosal Immunology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arthi Arulmuruganar
- Mucosal Immunology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elena Venditti
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Garrett Z Ng
- Mucosal Immunology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jia-Xi Han
- Mucosal Immunology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Claire Entwisle
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Camilo A Colaco
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shaun McNulty
- ImmunoBiology Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip Sutton
- Mucosal Immunology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that colonizes the stomach and is the lead etiological agent for several pathologies. An effective vaccine against these bacteria would be invaluable for protecting against gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the development of such a vaccine has stalled and the field has progressed little in the last decade. In this review, the authors provide an opinion on key problems that are preventing the development of a H. pylori vaccine. Primarily, this involves the inability to produce a completely protective immune response. The knock-on effects of this include a loss of industry investment. Overcoming these problems will likely involve defeating the immune-evasion defenses of H. pylori, in particular the mechanism(s) by which it evades antibody-mediated attack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutton
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Goh KL, Fock KM, Chionh YT, Sutton P, Mitchell HM. PAR-1 polymorphisms and risk of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer in a Chinese population. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:3715-3721. [PMID: 22993310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAR-1 has been involved in inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, tumour cell growth and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells. Thus, we aimed at determining, for the first time, the association between PAR-1 - 506 ins/del and -IVSn-14 A/T and risk of Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer (GC) in an ethnic Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study comprising of 225 ethnic Chinese individuals (77 non-cardia GC cases and 148 controls with functional dyspepsia) was conducted. PAR-1 IVSn-14 A/T and 506 ins/del were genotyped by means of real-time PCR and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS H. pylori infection, male gender and the PAR-1 IVSn-14 TT genotype increased GC risk (OR:3.15, 95% CI:1.54-6.45, OR:2.44, 95% CI:1.35-4.42 and OR:2.58, 95% CI:1.09-6.13, respectively). PAR-1 -506 ins/del did not provide significant results. CONCLUSION PAR-1 IVSn-14 T allele is a risk factor for H. pylori-related GC in ethnic Chinese subjects. PAR-1 -506 ins/del polymorphism is not involved in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
McGuckin MA, Every AL, Skene CD, Linden SK, Chionh YT, Swierczak A, McAuley J, Harbour S, Kaparakis M, Ferrero R, Sutton P. Muc1 mucin limits both Helicobacter pylori colonization of the murine gastric mucosa and associated gastritis. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:1210-8. [PMID: 17919495 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The MUC1 mucin is expressed on the cell surface of epithelial cells lining the gastric mucosa. Epidemiologic studies suggest that functional allelic variations in the MUC1 gene may play a role in human susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori-associated pathologies, including gastric adenocarcinoma. We have evaluated the impact of Muc1 expression on the colonization and pathogenesis of gastric Helicobacter infections. METHODS Wild-type and Muc1-deficient mice were infected with H pylori and colonization and gastritis levels determined. Primary gastric cells were used to examine the impact of Muc1 expression on bacterial adherence. RESULTS Mice lacking Muc1 were colonized by 5-fold more H pylori within 1 day of infection, and this difference was maintained for at least 2 months postinfection. Mice heterozygous for the null Muc1 allele developed intermediate bacterial colonization. Although wild-type mice developed only a mild gastritis when infected for 2 months with H pylori, Muc1(-/-) mice developed an atrophic gastritis marked by loss of parietal cells. We demonstrate H pylori adhesion to purified MUC1 and significantly increased adhesion to cultured murine Muc1 null gastric epithelial cells, suggesting that Muc1 acts as a decoy limiting binding to the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Muc1 provides a protective barrier, which limits both acute and chronic colonization by H pylori, as well as playing a major role in limiting the inflammation induced by Helicobacter infection. We propose that Muc1 restricts access of H pylori to the epithelial surface, hence reducing exposure of the host to proinflammatory bacterial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McGuckin
- Mucosal Diseases Program, Mater Medical Research Institute and University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospitals, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|