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Yamamoto K, Masakari Y, Araki Y, Ichiyanagi A, Ito K. Modification of substrate specificity of L-arginine oxidase for detection of L-citrulline. AMB Express 2023; 13:137. [PMID: 38044351 PMCID: PMC10694123 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic detection of citrulline, a potential biomarker for various diseases, is beneficial. However, determining citrulline levels requires expensive instrumental analyses and complicated colorimetric assays. Although L-amino acid oxidase/dehydrogenase is widely used to detect L-amino acids, an L-citrulline-specific oxidase/dehydrogenase has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an L-citrulline-specific enzyme by introducing a mutation into L-arginine oxidase (ArgOX) derived from Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192 to provide a simple enzymatic L-citrulline detection system. The ratio of the oxidase activity against L-arginine to that against L-citrulline (Cit/Arg) was 1.2%, indicating that ArgOX could recognize L-citrulline as a substrate. In the dehydrogenase assay, the specific dehydrogenase activity towards L-arginine was considerably lower than the specific oxidase activity. However, the specific dehydrogenase activity towards L-citrulline was only slightly lower than the oxidase activity, resulting in improved substrate specificity with a Cit/Arg ratio of 49.5%. To enhance the substrate specificity of ArgOX, we performed site-directed mutagenesis using structure-based engineering. The 3D model structure indicated that E486 interacted with the L-arginine side chain. By introducing the E486 mutation, the specific dehydrogenase activity of ArgOX/E486Q for L-citrulline was 3.25 ± 0.50 U/mg, which was 3.8-fold higher than that of ArgOX. The Cit/Arg ratio of ArgOX/E486Q was 150%, which was higher than that of ArgOX. Using ArgOX/E486Q, linear relationships were observed within the range of 10-500 μM L-citrulline, demonstrating its suitability for detecting citrulline in human blood. Consequently, ArgOX/E486Q can be adapted as an enzymatic sensor in the dehydrogenase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Marketing and Planning Division, Kikkoman Biochemifa Company, 1600, Kaisuka, Kamogawa, Chiba, 296-0004, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Masakari
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
| | - Yasuko Araki
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ichiyanagi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda, Chiba, 278-0037, Japan
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Masakari Y, Totsuka N, Shinohara Y, Yoshida S, Abe H, Ito K, Nishizawa M. Enzyme electrode for glucose oxidation using low‐solubility 4‐aminodiphenylamine derivatives as electron mediator. Electrochemical Science Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Masakari
- Research and Development Division Kikkoman Corporation Chiba Japan
| | - Naoya Totsuka
- Research and Development Division Kikkoman Corporation Chiba Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroya Abe
- Department of Fine Mechanics Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kotaro Ito
- Research and Development Division Kikkoman Corporation Chiba Japan
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Masakari Y, Hara C, Nakazawa H, Ichiyanagi A, Umetsu M. Comparison of the stability of Mucor-derived flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and glucose oxidase. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:307-310. [PMID: 35927131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term stability at near-body temperature is important for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors. However, the stability of enzymes used in CGM sensors has often been evaluated by measuring their melting temperature (Tm) values and by short heat treatment but not at around 37 °C. Glucose oxidase (GOD) is used in current CGM sensors. In this study, we evaluated the stability of modified Mucor-derived flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (designated Mr144-297) with improved thermal stability at medium to high temperatures and compared it with that of GOD. The Tm value of Mr144-297 was 61.6 ± 0.3 °C and was similar to that of GOD (61.4 ± 1.2 °C). However, Mr144-297 was clearly more stable than GOD at 40 °C and 55 °C. At 37 °C, the stability of a carbon electrode with immobilized Mr144-297 was higher than that of an electrode with GOD. Our data indicate that Mr144-297 is a more suitable enzyme for CGM sensors than is GOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Masakari
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Hara
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ichiyanagi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 338 Noda, Noda City, Chiba 278-0037, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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Araki Y, Yuzuki M, Masakari Y, Sato A, Gomi K, Hara S. High-level heterologous protein production using an attenuated selection marker in Aspergillus sojae. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:77-80. [PMID: 33298630 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus sojae, are essential for the industrial production of enzymes. Although multi-copy introduction of a gene encoding the protein of interest is useful for increasing protein production, this method has not been established in the case of filamentous fungi. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient system for multi-copy chromosomal integration and high-level expression of a heterologous gene in A. sojae using an attenuated selectable marker. Consequently, by truncating the promoter region of selectable markers, we efficiently introduced multiple copies of a heterologous gene and enhanced the rate of high-level protein-production in the strains. Since the multi-copy strains obtained in this study maintained high productivity even in a non-selective medium, this system could be applicable for industrial protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Araki
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | | | | | - Atsushi Sato
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | - Keiko Gomi
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
| | - Seiichi Hara
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation
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Asano R, Koyama N, Hagiwara Y, Masakari Y, Orimo R, Arai K, Ogata H, Furumoto S, Umetsu M, Kumagai I. Anti-EGFR scFv tetramer (tetrabody) with a stable monodisperse structure, strong anticancer effect, and a long in vivo half-life. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:594-602. [PMID: 27419062 PMCID: PMC4887975 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) as therapeutic agents has the potential to reduce the high cost of antibody production, but the development process often impairs scFv functions such as binding affinity and pharmacokinetics. Multimerization is one strategy for recovering or enhancing these lost functions. Previously, we constructed several antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) scFv multimers by modifying linker length and domain order. Antitumor effects comparable with those of the currently approved anti-EGFR therapeutic antibodies were observed for scFv trimers. In the present study, we fractionated an anti-EGFR scFv tetramer from the intracellular soluble fraction of an Escherichia coli transformant. Compared with the trimer, the tetramer showed higher affinity, greater cancer cell growth inhibition, and prolonged blood retention time. Furthermore, the tetramer did not dissociate into the trimer or other smaller species during long-term storage (up to 33 weeks). Thus, our developed scFv tetramer is an attractive candidate next-generation anti-EGFR therapeutic antibody that can be produced via a low-cost bacterial expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan; Present address: Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Noriaki Koyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuyo Hagiwara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Yosuke Masakari
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Ryota Orimo
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Kyoko Arai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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Asano R, Shimomura I, Konno S, Ito A, Masakari Y, Orimo R, Taki S, Arai K, Ogata H, Okada M, Furumoto S, Onitsuka M, Omasa T, Hayashi H, Katayose Y, Unno M, Kudo T, Umetsu M, Kumagai I. Rearranging the domain order of a diabody-based IgG-like bispecific antibody enhances its antitumor activity and improves its degradation resistance and pharmacokinetics. MAbs 2014; 6:1243-54. [PMID: 25517309 PMCID: PMC4623410 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.29445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to creating more beneficial therapeutic antibodies is to develop bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), particularly IgG-like formats with tetravalency, which may provide several advantages such as multivalent binding to each target antigen. Although the effects of configuration and antibody-fragment type on the function of IgG-like bsAbs have been studied, there have been only a few detailed studies of the influence of the variable fragment domain order. Here, we prepared four types of hEx3-scDb-Fc, IgG-like bsAbs, built from a single-chain hEx3-Db (humanized bispecific diabody [bsDb] that targets epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3), to investigate the influence of domain order and fusion manner on the function of a bsDb with an Fc fusion format. Higher cytotoxicities were observed with hEx3-scDb-Fcs with a variable light domain (VL)-variable heavy domain (VH) order (hEx3-scDb-Fc-LHs) compared with a VH-VL order, indicating that differences in the Fc fusion manner do not affect bsDb activity. In addition, flow cytometry suggested that the higher cytotoxicities of hEx3-scDb-Fc-LH may be attributable to structural superiority in cross-linking. Interestingly, enhanced degradation resistance and prolonged in vivo half-life were also observed with hEx3-scDb-Fc-LH. hEx3-scDb-Fc-LH and its IgG2 variant exhibited intense in vivo antitumor effects, suggesting that Fc-mediated effector functions are dispensable for effective anti-tumor activities, which may cause fewer side effects. Our results show that merely rearranging the domain order of IgG-like bsAbs can enhance not only their antitumor activity, but also their degradation resistance and in vivo half-life, and that hEx3-scDb-Fc-LHs are potent candidates for next-generation therapeutic antibodies.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- AUC, area-under-the-curve
- CD3
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FITC-CD3ϵγ, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CD3ϵγ; DVD-IgTM, dual variable domain immunoglobulin
- FITC-sEGFR, FITC-labeled sEGFR
- Fv, variable fragment
- ICR, imprinting control region
- IgG-like bispecific antibody
- MTS, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- T-LAK cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells with the T-cell phenotype
- VH, variable heavy domain
- VL, variable light domain
- antibody engineering
- bispecific diabody
- bsAb, bispecific antibody
- bsDb, bispecific diabody
- cancer immunotherapy
- effective domain order
- epidermal growth factor receptor
- sEGFR, soluble EGFR
- scDb, single-chain diabody
- scFv, single-chain Fv
- taFv, tandem scFv
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Asano
- a Department of Biomolecular Engineering ; Graduate School of Engineering; Tohoku University ; Sendai , Japan
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Asano R, Hagiwara Y, Koyama N, Masakari Y, Orimo R, Arai K, Ogata H, Furumoto S, Umetsu M, Kumagai I. Multimerization of anti-(epidermal growth factor receptor) IgG fragments induces an antitumor effect: the case for humanized 528 scFv multimers. FEBS J 2013; 280:4816-26. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuyo Hagiwara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Noriaki Koyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yosuke Masakari
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Ryota Orimo
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Kyoko Arai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Department of Pharmacology; Tohoku University School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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