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M’ghirbi Y, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Lecollinet S, Amaral R, Beck C, Aounallah H, Amara M, Chabchoub A, Rhim A, Failloux AB, Bouattour A. West Nile, Sindbis and Usutu Viruses: Evidence of Circulation in Mosquitoes and Horses in Tunisia. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030360. [PMID: 36986282 PMCID: PMC10056592 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases have a significant impact on humans and animals and this impact is exacerbated by environmental changes. However, in Tunisia, surveillance of the West Nile virus (WNV) is based solely on the surveillance of human neuroinvasive infections and no study has reported mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs), nor has there been any thorough serological investigation of anti-MBV antibodies in horses. This study therefore sought to investigate the presence of MBVs in Tunisia. Among tested mosquito pools, infections by WNV, Usutu virus (USUV), and Sindbis virus (SINV) were identified in Cx. perexiguus. The serosurvey showed that 146 of 369 surveyed horses were positive for flavivirus antibodies using the cELISA test. The microsphere immunoassay (MIA) showed that 74 of 104 flavivirus cELISA-positive horses were positive for WNV, 8 were positive for USUV, 7 were positive for undetermined flaviviruses, and 2 were positive for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Virus neutralization tests and MIA results correlated well. This study is the first to report the detection of WNV, USUV and SINV in Cx. perexiguus in Tunisia. Besides, it has shown that there is a significant circulation of WNV and USUV among horses, which is likely to cause future sporadic outbreaks. An integrated arbovirus surveillance system that includes entomological surveillance as an early alert system is of major epidemiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmna M’ghirbi
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rayane Amaral
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cécile Beck
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR VIROLOGIE, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Hajer Aounallah
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Amara
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Chabchoub
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- National School of Veterinary Medicine, Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, La Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Adel Rhim
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Ali Bouattour
- Laboratoire Des Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Rahola N, Günay F, Öztürk M, Alten B, Aqeehal HA, Saadawi WK, Shaibi T, Kavran M, Petrić D, Mitrović J, Pajovic I, Velo E, Kadriaj P, Rogozi E, Jani V, Manucharyan A, Paronyan L, Sawalha S, M’ghirbi Y, Bouattour A, Rhim A, Ouni A, Samy AM, Abozeid S, Sarih M, Assaid N, Arich S, Sokolovska N, Janceska E, Benallal KE, Haddad N, Zakhia R, Muja-Bajraktari N, Sherifi K, Arbaji M, Marić J, Santrac V, Dolidze N, Boussès P, Deblauwe I, Schaffner F, Robert V. Assessment of expertise in morphological identification of mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) using photomicrographs. Parasite 2022; 29:45. [PMID: 36200781 PMCID: PMC9536171 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate identification of insect species is an indispensable and challenging requirement for every entomologist, particularly if the species is involved in disease outbreaks. The European MediLabSecure project designed an identification (ID) exercise available to any willing participant with the aim of assessing and improving knowledge in mosquito taxonomy. The exercise was based on high-definition photomicrographs of mosquitoes (26 adult females and 12 larvae) collected from the western Palaearctic. Sixty-five responses from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East were usable. The study demonstrated that the responders were better at identifying females (82% correct responses) than larvae (63%). When the responders reported that they were sure of the accuracy of their ID, the success rate of ID increased (92% for females and 88% for larvae). The top three tools used for ID were MosKeyTool (72% of responders), the ID key following Becker et al. [2010. Mosquitoes and their control, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer] (38%), and the CD-ROM of Schaffner et al. [2001. Les moustiques d'Europe: logiciel d'identification et d'enseignement - The mosquitoes of Europe: an identification and training programme. Montpellier: IRD; EID] (32%), while other tools were used by less than 10% of responders. Responders reporting the identification of mosquitoes using the MosKeyTool were significantly better (80% correct responses) than non-MosKeyTool users (69%). Most responders (63%) used more than one ID tool. The feedback from responders in this study was positive, with the exercise being perceived as halfway between educational training and a fun quiz. It raised the importance of further expanding training in mosquito ID for better preparedness of mosquito surveillance and control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Rahola
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MIVEGEC Unit, Montpellier Univ., IRD, CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Filiz Günay
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Hacettepe Univ., Fac. of Science, Dept. of Biology, VERG Laboratories, Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Murat Öztürk
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Hacettepe Univ., Fac. of Science, Dept. of Biology, VERG Laboratories, Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Bulent Alten
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Hacettepe Univ., Fac. of Science, Dept. of Biology, VERG Laboratories, Beytepe Ankara Turkey
| | - Hanan A. Aqeehal
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Head of the Research Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Borne Diseases – National Centre for Disease Control, Gorji, near to Sports City Pox 71171 Tripoli Libya
| | - Walid K. Saadawi
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Head Vector Borne Diseases Control Department – National Centre for Disease Control, Gorji, near to Sports City Pox 71171 Tripoli Libya
| | - Taher Shaibi
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Zoology Department University of Tripoli, National Center for Diseases Control University Road. 1 13793 Tripoli Libya
| | - Mihaela Kavran
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University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dušan Petrić
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University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Laboratory for Medical and Veterinary Entomology Trg Dositeja Obradovica 8 Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Jelena Mitrović
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Department of Ecology and Environmental Improvement “PUC City Sanitation” Trebevicka 16 11030 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Igor Pajovic
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Biotechnical Faculty – University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty Mihaila Lalića 15 81000 Podgorica Montenegro
| | - Enkelejda Velo
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Institute of Public Health, Dep. of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors’ Control Unit Str. “Aleksander Moisiu”, No. 80 Tirana Albania
| | - Përparim Kadriaj
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Institute of Public Health, Dep. of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors’ Control Unit Str. “Aleksander Moisiu”, No. 80 Tirana Albania
| | - Elton Rogozi
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Institute of Public Health, Dep. of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors’ Control Unit Str. “Aleksander Moisiu”, No. 80 Tirana Albania
| | - Viola Jani
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Institute of Public Health, Dep. of Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases, Vectors’ Control Unit Str. “Aleksander Moisiu”, No. 80 Tirana Albania
| | - Arsen Manucharyan
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Head of Laboratory of Episootology, Ectoparasitology and Entomology 37 Davit Malyan str. Yerevan 0060 Armenia
| | - Lusine Paronyan
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Head of Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Dpt, NCDC, MoH 12 Heratsi street Yerevan 0025 Armenia
| | - Samer Sawalha
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Vector Control Unit, Environmental Health Department, Ministry of Health Ajnadeen st. Ramallah Palestine
| | - Youmna M’ghirbi
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Laboratoire de Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 13 place Pasteur Tunis 1002 Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouattour
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Laboratoire de Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 13 place Pasteur Tunis 1002 Tunisia
| | - Adel Rhim
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Laboratoire de Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 13 place Pasteur Tunis 1002 Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ouni
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Laboratoire de Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes (LR20IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisia 13 place Pasteur Tunis 1002 Tunisia
| | - Abdallah M. Samy
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Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abozeid
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Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - M’hammed Sarih
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Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles. Institut Pasteur du Maroc 1 Place Louis Pasteur 20 360 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Najlaa Assaid
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Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc 1 Place Louis Pasteur 20 360 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Soukaina Arich
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Service de Parasitologie et des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc 1 Place Louis Pasteur 20 360 Casablanca Morocco
| | - Nikolina Sokolovska
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Department for Vector and Pest Control with Laboratory of Entomology, PHI Center for public health-Skopje Blvd. 3rd Macedonian Brigade 18 1000 Skopje North Macedonia
| | - Elizabeta Janceska
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Laboratory for Virology and Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Public Health, Health of Rep. of North Macedonia Skopje Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Kamal Eddine Benallal
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Laboratoire d’Eco-épidémiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie Route du Petit Staouéli Dely Ibrahim Alger Algérie
| | - Nabil Haddad
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Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University Street 37, Pierre Gemayel Campus Fanar-El Metn Lebanon
| | - Renée Zakhia
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Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University Street 37, Pierre Gemayel Campus Fanar-El Metn Lebanon
| | - Nesade Muja-Bajraktari
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University “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology Str. Mother Teresa. p.n. 10.000 Prishtinë Kossovo
| | - Kurtesh Sherifi
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Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo, Boul. « Bill Clinton » , n.a. 10000 Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Majeda Arbaji
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Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Division, National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health Amman Jordan
| | - Jelena Marić
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Public institution Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska “Dr. Vaso Butozan”, Center for Animal Health and Food Safety Branka Radicevica 18 Banja Luka 78000 Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Violeta Santrac
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Public institution Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska “Dr. Vaso Butozan”, Center for Animal Health and Food Safety Branka Radicevica 18 Banja Luka 78000 Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nato Dolidze
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Zoo Entomology Laboratory, R. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Georgia 99, Kakheti Highway 0198 Tbilisi Georgia
| | | | - Isra Deblauwe
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Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Nationalestraat 155 2000 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Francis Schaffner
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Francis Schaffner Consultancy Lörracherstrasse 50 4125 Riehen Switzerland
| | - Vincent Robert
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MIVEGEC Unit, Montpellier Univ., IRD, CNRS Montpellier France
,Corresponding author:
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Jmel MA, Aounallah H, Bensaoud C, Mekki I, Chmelař J, Faria F, M’ghirbi Y, Kotsyfakis M. Insights into the Role of Tick Salivary Protease Inhibitors during Ectoparasite-Host Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E892. [PMID: 33477394 PMCID: PMC7831016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are ubiquitous regulatory proteins present in all kingdoms. They play crucial tasks in controlling biological processes directed by proteases which, if not tightly regulated, can damage the host organism. PIs can be classified according to their targeted proteases or their mechanism of action. The functions of many PIs have now been characterized and are showing clinical relevance for the treatment of human diseases such as arthritis, hepatitis, cancer, AIDS, and cardiovascular diseases, amongst others. Other PIs have potential use in agriculture as insecticides, anti-fungal, and antibacterial agents. PIs from tick salivary glands are special due to their pharmacological properties and their high specificity, selectivity, and affinity to their target proteases at the tick-host interface. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of PIs in general and those PI superfamilies abundant in tick salivary glands to illustrate their possible practical applications. In doing so, we describe tick salivary PIs that are showing promise as drug candidates, highlighting the most promising ones tested in vivo and which are now progressing to preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Jmel
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Hajer Aounallah
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Chaima Bensaoud
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Imen Mekki
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Jindřich Chmelař
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Fernanda Faria
- Innovation and Development Laboratory, Innovation and Development Center, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Youmna M’ghirbi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, LR19IPTX, Service d’Entomologie Médicale, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (H.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Michalis Kotsyfakis
- Laboratory of Genomics and Proteomics of Disease Vectors, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 1160/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (M.A.J.); (C.B.); (I.M.)
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Bohers C, Mousson L, Madec Y, Vazeille M, Rhim A, M’ghirbi Y, Bouattour A, Failloux AB. The recently introduced Aedes albopictus in Tunisia has the potential to transmit chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008475. [PMID: 33007002 PMCID: PMC7556531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes albopictus was detected for the first time in Tunisia in 2018. With its establishment in the capital city of Tunis, local health authorities fear the introduction of new human arboviral diseases, like what happened in Europe with unexpected local cases of chikungunya, dengue and Zika. Even though this mosquito is competent to transmit the arboviruses mentioned above, the transmission level will vary depending on the couple, mosquito population and virus genotype. Here, we assessed the vector competence of Ae. albopictus Tunisia by experimental infections with chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses. We found that Ae. albopictus Tunisia was highly competent for CHIKV (transmission efficiency of 25% at 21 post-infection) and to a lesser extent, for ZIKV (8.7%) and DENV (8.3%). Virus was detected in mosquito saliva at day 3 (CHIKV), day 10 (ZIKV) and day 21 (DENV) post-infection. These results suggest that the risk of emergence of chikungunya is the highest imposing a more sustained surveillance to limit Ae. albopictus populations in densely populated urban dwellings and at the entry points of travelers returning from CHIKV-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Bohers
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Global Health, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
| | - Adel Rhim
- Laboratoire Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Youmna M’ghirbi
- Laboratoire Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bouattour
- Laboratoire Virus, Vecteurs et Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère, Tunisia
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Paris, France
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Ros-García A, M’ghirbi Y, Hurtado A, Bouattour A. Prevalence and genetic diversity of piroplasm species in horses and ticks from Tunisia. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2013; 17:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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M’ghirbi Y, Hurtado A, Barandika JF, Khlif K, Ketata Z, Bouattour A. A molecular survey of Theileria and Babesia parasites in cattle, with a note on the distribution of ticks in Tunisia. Parasitol Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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M’ghirbi Y, Bouattour A. Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected dogs and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in Tunisia. Vet Parasitol 2008; 152:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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