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Chen Y, Sang Y, Guo J, Yang J, Chen W, Tang B, Feng F, Gou X, Zhang Y. Experimental Study on the Backflow Mechanism of Proppants in Induced Fractures and Fiber Sand Control Under the Condition of Large-Scale and Fully Measurable Flow Field. ACS Omega 2023; 8:42467-42478. [PMID: 38024756 PMCID: PMC10652366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The proppant backflow in the process of flowback has a great significant effect on gas field development. Therefore, the study of proppant backflow is of great significance for the development and production of gas wells. At present, the physical simulation methods for proppant backflow mainly include the tube perforation model, the slot model, an API standard flow tester, and a large-scale flowback apparatus. The current experimental methods are unable to observe the backflow of proppants during the process of the flowback test. In addition, the only characterization parameter for proppant backflow is the liquid flow rate corresponding to the sand discharge in the diversion chamber called critical velocity, which is too simple and single to accurately characterize the movement state of proppants during the flowback process. In this paper, a physical simulation method of proppant backflow in fractures based on the measurement of flow field was proposed. It can realize the observation and fine description of the proppant backflow state and movement rule. In addition, the process of proppant backflow can be quantitatively described by a multidimensional characterization parameter. The research shows that (1) the proppant backflow is closely related to the shape of the sand bank formed during the proppant placement and the irregular voids formed; (2) the fiber increases the strength of the proppant pack significantly; (3) the critical velocity with fiber increased by 2.25 times compared with the critical velocity without fiber, the optimum fiber concentration was 0.8%, and the fiber length was 12 mm; (4) the full fiber injection was selected as the best injection mode by the experiment; and (5) the whole process of flowback can be divided into two stages. In the strong fluid shear stage, the effect of fiber sand control is more significant. However, when the flowback enters the stage of slow erosion, the difference in the sand control effect under different parameters is no longer significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Yu Sang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Southwest
Petroleum University, No. 8 Xindu Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Botao Tang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Feng Feng
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Xinghao Gou
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Southwest
Petroleum University, No. 8 Xindu Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
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Chen Y, Sang Y, Guo J, Yang J, Chen W, Zeng J, Tang B, He T. Experimental Study on a Liquid-Solid Phase-Change Autogenous Proppant Fracturing Fluid System. ACS Omega 2023; 8:9101-9110. [PMID: 36936340 PMCID: PMC10018694 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a liquid-solid phase-change autogenous proppant fracturing fluid system (LSPCAP) was proposed to solve the problems that was caused by "sand-carrying" in conventional fracturing technology in oil and gas fields. The characteristic of the new fluid system is that no solid particles will be injected in the whole process of fracturing construction except liquids. The fluid itself will transform into solid particles under the formation temperature to resist the closure stress in the fractures. There are two kinds of liquids that make up the new fracturing fluid system. One of the liquids is called phase-change liquid (PCL) which occurs in the liquid-solid phase change under the formation temperature to form solid particles. Another is called nonphase-change liquid (NPCL) which controls the dispersity and size of PCL in the two-phase fluid system. Based on the molecular interaction theory and organic chemistry, bisphenol-A epoxy resin was selected as the building unit of the PCL, and the NPCL consisted of deionized water + nonionic surfactant. The test results indicated that the new fracturing fluid shows the properties of non-Newtonian fluid and has no wall-building property. The new fluid system has good compatibility with the formation fluid, conventional fracturing fluid, and hydrochloric acid. Through the filtration test, the filtration coefficients of PCL, NPCL, and mixture are found to be 1.56 × 10-4 m/s1/2, 2.66 × 10-4 m/s1/2, and 1.7 × 10-4 m/s1/2, respectively, and the damage rate of mixture and NPCL is 18 and 17.7%. The friction test results show that the resistance reduction rate reaches 69% when the volume ratio of PCL and NPCL is 1:10. The shear rate and time only affect the size of the autogenous solid particles, and the sorting coefficient (S) of the particles is 1.04-1.73, indicating good sorting. Crushing resistance and conductivity test results show that the crush rate of autogenous solid particles is 3.56-8.42%. The conductivity of the autogenous solid particles is better than those of quartz sand and ceramsite under a pressure of 10-30 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Yu Sang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Southwest
Petroleum University, No. 8 Xindu Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Botao Tang
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
| | - Tintin He
- PetroChina
Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company, No. 3, Section 1, Fuqing Road,
Chenghua District, Chengdu, Sichuan 646002, China
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Shan Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Chen B, Yang L, Tan C, Bai Y, Sang Y, Liu J, Jian M, Ruan L, Zhang C, Li T. Development and validation of a cardiovascular diseases risk prediction model for Chinese males (CVDMCM). Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:967097. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.967097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDeath due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased significantly in China. One possible way to reduce CVD is to identify people at risk and provide targeted intervention. We aim to develop and validate a CVD risk prediction model for Chinese males (CVDMCM) to help clinicians identify those males at risk of CVD and provide targeted intervention.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,331 Chinese males without CVD at baseline to develop and internally validate the CVDMCM. These participants had a baseline physical examination record (2008–2016) and at least one revisit record by September 2019. With the full cohort, we conducted three models: A model with Framingham CVD risk model predictors; a model with predictors selected by univariate cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age; and a model with predictors selected by LASSO algorithm. Among them, the optimal model, CVDMCM, was obtained based on the Akaike information criterion, the Brier's score, and Harrell's C statistic. Then, CVDMCM, the Framingham CVD risk model, and the Wu's simplified model were all validated and compared. All the validation was carried out by bootstrap resampling strategy (TRIPOD statement type 1b) with the full cohort with 1,000 repetitions.ResultsCVDMCM's Harrell's C statistic was 0.769 (95% CI: 0.738–0.799), and D statistic was 4.738 (95% CI: 3.270–6.864). The results of Harrell's C statistic, D statistic and calibration plot demonstrated that CVDMCM outperformed the Framingham CVD model and Wu's simplified model for 4-year CVD risk prediction.ConclusionsWe developed and internally validated CVDMCM, which predicted 4-year CVD risk for Chinese males with a better performance than Framingham CVD model and Wu's simplified model. In addition, we developed a web calculator–calCVDrisk for physicians to conveniently generate CVD risk scores and identify those males with a higher risk of CVD.
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Ren J, Sang Y, Aballay A. Cholinergic receptor-Wnt pathway controls immune activation by sensing intestinal dysfunction. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sang Y, McNitt-Gray M, Yang Y, Cao M, Low D, Ruan D. Inference-Time Adaptation for Improved Transfer Ability and Generalization in Deformable Image Registration Deep Learning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen B, Ruan L, Yang L, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Sang Y, Jin X, Bai Y, Zhang C, Li T. Machine learning improves risk stratification of coronary heart disease and stroke. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:1156. [PMID: 36467345 PMCID: PMC9708484 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) are two major types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that are increasingly exerting pressure on the healthcare system worldwide. Machine learning holds great promise for improving the accuracy of disease prediction and risk stratification in CVD. However, there is currently no clinically applicable risk stratification model for the Asian population. This study developed a machine learning-based CHD and CIS model to address this issue. METHODS A case-control study was conducted based on 8,624 electronic medical records from 2008 to 2019 at the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Two machine learning methods (the random down-sampling method and the random forest method) were integrated into 2 ensemble models (the CHD model and the CIS model). The trained models were then interpreted using Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). RESULTS The CHD and CIS models achieved good performance with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.895 and 0.884 in random testing, and 0.905 and 0.889 in sequential testing, respectively. We identified 4 common factors between CHD and CIS: age, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Moreover, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was identified as an independent indicator for CHD. CONCLUSIONS Our ensemble models can provide risk stratification for CHD and CIS with clinically applicable performance. By interpreting the trained models, we provided insights into the common and unique indicators in CHD and CIS. These findings may contribute to a better understanding and management of risk factors associated with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuqiao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Bai
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- China National GeneBank, Shenzhen, China
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Battin-Leclerc F, Delort N, Meziane I, Herbinet O, Sang Y, Li Y. Possible use as biofuels of monoaromatic oxygenates produced by lignin catalytic conversion: A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
Pheidole nodus (Smith, 1874) belongs to a famously hyperdiverse and ecologically dominant ant genus. The mitochondrial genome of P. nodus is 15,579 bp in length, and the overall base composition is 78.6% AT. It includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a control region. Phylogenetic trees show that P. nodus is more closely related to Wasmannia than to Atta. These sequence data will play an important role in the investigation of the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the group Attini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Ru-Yi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhao-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Biodiversity Conservation (Sichuan Province), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Sang Y, Ren J, Aballay A. The transcription factor HLH-26 controls probiotic-mediated protection against intestinal infection through up-regulation of the Wnt/BAR-1 pathway. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001581. [PMID: 35263319 PMCID: PMC8936500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play a critical role in the control of host intestinal microbial balance, protecting the host from gastrointestinal pathogens, modulating the host immune response, and decreasing host susceptibility to infection. To understand the mechanism underlying the protective effect of probiotics against infections through immune regulation, we examined protection against Salmonella enterica infection following exposure to nonpathogenic Enterococcus faecium in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that the transcription factor HLH-26, a REF-1 family member of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, was required in the intestine for E. faecium-mediated protection of C. elegans against a lethal S. enterica infection. In addition, we uncovered that defense response genes controlled by the canonical Wnt/BAR-1 pathway were activated upon exposure to E. faecium in an HLH-26-dependent manner. Our findings highlight a role for REF-1/HLH-26 in the control of the Wnt/BAR-1 pathway in probiotic-mediated protection against gut infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sang Y, Zhang S, He H, Li Q, Zhang X. Brightness-gradient difference feature guided shadow removal method. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaur S, Sang Y, Aballay A. Myotubularin-related protein protects against neuronal degeneration mediated by oxidative stress or infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101614. [PMID: 35101447 PMCID: PMC8889260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections have been linked to the onset and severity of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we used a genetic screen for genes involved in protection from infection-associated neurodegeneration and identified the gene mtm-10. We then validated the role of the encoded myotubularin-related protein, MTM-10, in protecting the dendrites of Caenorhabditis elegans from degeneration mediated by oxidative stress or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Further experiments indicated that mtm-10 is expressed in the AWC neurons of C. elegans, where it functions in a cell-autonomous manner to protect the dendrite degeneration caused by pathogen infection. We also confirm that the changes observed in the dendrites of the animals were not because of premature death or overall sickness. Finally, our studies indicated that mtm-10 functions in AWC neurons to preserve chemosensation after pathogen infection. These results reveal an essential role for myotubularin-related protein 10 in the protection of dendrite morphology and function against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supender Kaur
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yu Sang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Sang Y, Sun H, Li C, Yin L. LSVP: A visual based deep neural direction learning model for point-of-interest recommendation on sparse check-in data. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sang Y, Mao K, Cao M, Wu X, Ruan L, Zhang C. Longitudinal association between cardiovascular health and arterial stiffness in the Chinese adult population. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060521998889. [PMID: 33787372 PMCID: PMC8020111 DOI: 10.1177/0300060521998889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arterial stiffness may be an intermediary biological pathway involved in the
association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and cardiovascular disease.
We aimed to evaluate the effect of CVH on progression of brachial–ankle
pulse wave velocity (baPWV) over approximately 4 years. Methods We included 1315 cardiovascular disease-free adults (49±12 years) who had two
checkups from 2010 to 2019. CVH metrics (current smoking, body mass index,
total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose) were assessed
at baseline, and the number of ideal CVH metrics and CVH score were
calculated. Additionally, baPWV was examined at baseline and follow-up. Results Median baPWV increased from 1340 cm/s to 1400 cm/s, with an average annual
change in baPWV of 15 cm/s. More ideal CVH metrics and a higher CVH score
were associated with lower baseline and follow-up baPWV, and the annual
change in baPWV, even after adjustment for confounding variables.
Associations between CVH parameters and baseline and follow-up baPWV
remained robust in different sex and age subgroups, but they were only able
to predict the annual change in baPWV in men and individuals older than 50
years. Conclusions Our findings highlight the benefit of a better baseline CVH profile for
progression of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Hong C, Lalsiamthara J, Ren J, Sang Y, Aballay A. Microbial colonization induces histone acetylation critical for inherited gut-germline-neural signaling. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001169. [PMID: 33788830 PMCID: PMC8041202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-neural axis plays a critical role in the control of several physiological processes, including the communication of signals from the microbiome to the nervous system, which affects learning, memory, and behavior. However, the pathways involved in gut-neural signaling of gut-governed behaviors remain unclear. We found that the intestinal distension caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces histone H4 Lys8 acetylation (H4K8ac) in the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans, which is required for both a bacterial aversion behavior and its transmission to the next generation. We show that induction of H4K8ac in the germline is essential for bacterial aversion and that a 14-3-3 chaperone protein family member, PAR-5, is required for H4K8ac. Our findings highlight a role for H4K8ac in the germline not only in the intergenerational transmission of pathogen avoidance but also in the transmission of pathogenic cues that travel through the gut-neural axis to control the aversive behavior. This study shows that microbial colonization of the intestine of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans intestine induces changes in the germline that not only influence the inheritance of pathogen avoidance but also the transmission of pathogenic cues that travel through the gut-neural axis to control aversive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Hong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yu Sang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Sang Y, Mao KM, Huang Y, Wu XF, Wang XF, Ruan L, Zhang CT. Relationship between the Plasma Fibulin-1 Levels, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Vascular Age in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:94-99. [PMID: 33582912 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-1 (FBLN-1), an elastin-associated extracellular matrix protein, has been found in blood and may play a role in the pathophysiological processes leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between fibulin-1 levels and the risk of CVD by evaluating vascular age derived from the Framingham Heart Study and brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AHU). In total, 66 patients with AHU and 66 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals were enrolled. The plasma fibulin-1 levels were measured by immunochemistry. Patients with AHU presented significantly higher vascular age [median (interquartile range): 54 (22) vs. 48 (14) years, P=0.01] and baPWV [mean±SD: 1373±223 vs. 1291±177 cm/s, P=0.02] than the healthy subjects; however, no significant difference was observed in the plasma fibulin-1 level between the patients with AHU and healthy subjects [median (interquartile range): 4018 (3838) vs. 3099 (3405) ng/mL, P=0.31]. A correlation between fibulin-1 levels and baPWV was observed only in patients with AHU (r=0.29, P=0.02); and there was also a suggestively statistically significant correlation between fibulin-1 levels and vascular age (r=0.22, P=0.08). However, these associations were rendered insignificant after adjustments for potential confounders. In healthy subjects, no correlation was observed between fibulin-1 levels and CVD risk. This study reveals that plasma fibulin-1 levels may reflect the CVD risk in patients with AHU, but the relationship is not robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kai-Min Mao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xing-Fen Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, 100076, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Cun-Tai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Sang Y, Cao M, Wu X, Ruan L, Zhang C. Use of lipid parameters to identify apparently healthy men at high risk of arterial stiffness progression. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33441079 PMCID: PMC7807880 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia contributes to the development and progression of arterial stiffness. We aimed to identify the most informative measures of serum lipids and their calculated ratios in terms of arterial stiffness progression risk. Methods Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) of 659 healthy males (47.4 ± 10.7 years) were measured at baseline. Values for non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. BaPWV was re-performed after 4.1 years follow-up. Elevated baPWV was defined as baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s. Results Over the follow-up period, the mean baPWV value increased from 1340 cm/s to 1410 cm/s, and 331 individuals increased/persisted with high baPWV (outcome 1). Among the 448 subjects who had normal baseline baPWV, 100 incident elevated baPWV occurred (outcome 2). Only baseline logTG (OR 1.64 [95% CI: 1.14–2.37] for outcome 1; 1.89 [1.14–3.17] for outcome 2) and logTG/HDL-C (1.54 [1.15–2.10] for outcome 1; 1.60 [1.05–2.45] for outcome 2) were significantly associated with arterial stiffness progression after adjusting for confounding factors. Adding logTG or logTG/HDL-C to age and blood pressure improved the accuracy of risk predictions for arterial stiffness progression. These associations remained significant when lipids were analyzed as categorical variables. Conclusions Baseline serum TG and TG/HDL-C were independently associated with increases in/persistently high baPWV and incident elevated baPWV, and they performed more effectively than other lipid variables in identifying healthy men at high risk of arterial stiffness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Cao M, Ruan L, Huang Y, Wang J, Yan J, Sang Y, Li S, Wang G, Wu X. Premature CD4 + T Cells Senescence Induced by Chronic Infection in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1471-1480. [PMID: 33269101 PMCID: PMC7673853 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune responses mediated by CD4+ T cells contribute to the initiation and progression of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS patients show acquired immune system abnormalities that resemble the characteristics of autoimmune dysfunction described in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the role of premature CD4+ T cells senescence in ACS and the underlying mechanism. We compared the immunological status of 25 ACS patients, 15 young healthy individuals (C1), and 20 elderly individuals with absence of ACS (C2). The percentages of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets (including naïve, regulatory, memory and effector T cells) in peripheral blood were analyzed. In ACS patients, a significant expansion of CD4+CD28null effector T cells and a decline of CD4+CD25+CD62L+Treg cells were observed. In addition, patients with ACS showed an accelerated loss of CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+ naïve T cells and a compensatory increase in the number of CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cells. ACS patients demonstrated no significant difference in frequency of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) compared to age-matched healthy volunteers. The expression of p16Ink4a was increased while CD62L was decreased in CD4+CD28null T cells of ACS patients. Compared to healthy donors, ACS patients demonstrated the lowest telomerase activity in both CD4+CD28+and CD4+CD28null T cells. The serum levels of C-reactive protein, Cytomegalovirus IgG, Helicobactor pylori IgG and Chlamydia pneumonia IgG were significantly higher in ACS patients. The results suggested that the percentage of CD4+ T cell subpopulations correlated with chronic infection, which contributes to immunosenescence. In conclusion, chronic infection induced senescence of premature CD4+T cells, which may be responsible for the development of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Gerontology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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18
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Wang W, Sang Y, Liu J, Liang X, Guo S, Liu L, Yuan Q, Xing C, Pan S, Wang L. Identification of novel monoclonal antibodies targeting the outer membrane protein C and lipopolysaccharides for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1245-1258. [PMID: 32910517 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify and evaluate the application of two novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 against outer membrane protein (Omp) C and mAb 12B1 targeting the O chain of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157). METHODS AND RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of these two antibodies were evaluated with eight ECO157 strains and 68 untargeted strains. mAb 2G12 and 12B1 had no detectable binding with any of the non-O157 strains at 6·0 log10 CFU per ml, while its high specificity and affinity remained with all ECO157 strains. When a higher level (8·0 log10 CFU per ml) was tested, 2G12 and 12B1 did not react with 82·35 and 97·06% of the non-O157 strains respectively. Based on the pair of two antibodies, the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 100% (8/8) of ECO157 strains and none of the non-ECO157 strains. The detection limit of ECO157 strains in pure culture were 4·2 ± 0·2 log10 CFU per ml. When the developed test was applied to artificially inoculated beef samples, the detection limit was 6·0 log10 CFU per gram without enrichment and 1·0 log10 CFU per gram after 12 h of enrichment. CONCLUSIONS The two novel antibodies identified in this study served as great candidates for the recovery, and detection of ECO157 from different environmental and food samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY ECO157-specific detection was improved by a combination of the novel OmpC mAb and LPS mAb with defined target antigen and good specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y Sang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - J Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - X Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - S Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Q Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - C Xing
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - S Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Sang Y, Wu X, Miao J, Cao M, Ruan L, Zhang C. Determinants of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Vascular Aging in Healthy Older Subjects. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923112. [PMID: 32445331 PMCID: PMC7260998 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular aging is characterized by increasing arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity. The present study evaluated the factors influencing vascular aging in Chinese healthy older subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disease- and treatment-free aged (≥60 years) participants were recruited from 2014 to 2019. Cardiometabolic risk factors and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were assessed. We defined healthy vascular aging (HVA) as the lowest 10% and early vascular aging (EVA) as the highest 10% of the baPWV distribution, after adjustment for age and blood pressure (BP). We fitted linear and logistic regression models to assess the determinants. RESULTS In all, 794 subjects (mean age 66.5±6.8 years, 71.0% male) were recruited; the 10th and 90th percentiles of baPWV were 1278 cm/s and 1955 cm/s, respectively. Age, BP, heart rate, and triglycerides were all positively associated with baPWV, whereas male subjects and body mass index (BMI) were negatively associated with baPWV. The number of participants diagnosed with either HVA or EVA was 80. Logistic regression models showed that sex, BMI, heart rate, and triglycerides were associated with HVA and EVA after adjustment for age, BP, and other confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Male, high BMI, low heart rate, and low triglycerides are protective factors for vascular aging in the healthy aged population. Management of BMI, heart rate, triglycerides in a reasonable range may help to alleviate the vascular aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Jianping Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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Marx P, Sang Y, Qin H, Wang Q, Guo R, Pfeifer C, Kreth J, Merritt J. Environmental stress perception activates structural remodeling of extant Streptococcus mutans biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:17. [PMID: 32221309 PMCID: PMC7101444 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription regulators from the LexA-like Protein Superfamily control a highly diverse assortment of genetic pathways in response to environmental stress. All characterized members of this family modulate their functionality and stability via a strict coordination with the coprotease function of RecA. Using the LexA-like protein IrvR from Streptococcus mutans, we demonstrate an exception to the RecA paradigm and illustrate how this evolutionary innovation has been coopted to diversify the stress responsiveness of S. mutans biofilms. Using a combination of genetics and biophysical measurements, we demonstrate how non-SOS stresses and SOS stresses each trigger separate regulatory mechanisms that stimulate production of a surface lectin responsible for remodeling the viscoelastic properties of extant biofilms during episodes of environmental stress. These studies demonstrate how changes in the external environment or even anti-biofilm therapeutic agents can activate biofilm-specific adaptive mechanisms responsible for bolstering the integrity of established biofilm communities. Such changes in biofilm community structure are likely to play central roles in the notorious recalcitrance of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Marx
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Yu Sang
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Hua Qin
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Qingjing Wang
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Rongkai Guo
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Carmem Pfeifer
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- 0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA ,0000 0000 9758 5690grid.5288.7Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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Yan F, Githiri SM, Liu Y, Sang Y, Wang Q, Takahashi R. Loss-of-Function Mutation of Soybean R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor Dilutes Tawny Pubescence Color. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1809. [PMID: 32082354 PMCID: PMC7005258 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pubescence color of soybean is controlled by two genes, T and Td. In the presence of a dominant T allele, dominant and recessive alleles of the Td locus generate tawny and light tawny (or near-gray) pubescence, respectively. Flavones, responsible for pubescence color, are synthesized via two copies of flavone synthase II genes (FNS II-1 and FNS II-2). This study was conducted to map and clone the Td gene. Genetic and linkage analysis using an F2 population and F3 families derived from a cross between a Clark near-isogenic line with light tawny pubescence (genotype: TT tdtd) and a Harosoy near-isogenic line with tawny pubescence (TT TdTd) revealed a single gene for pubescence color around the end of chromosome 3. Genome sequence alignment of plant introductions revealed an association between premature stop codons in Glyma.03G258700 (R2R3 MYB transcription factor) and recessive td allele. Cultivars and lines having near-gray or light tawny pubescence and a gray pubescence cultivar with td allele had premature stop codons in the gene. These results suggest that Glyma.03G258700 corresponds to the Td gene. It was predominantly expressed in pubescence. Compared to a tawny pubescence line, a near-isogenic line with td allele produced extremely small amounts of transcripts of Glyma.03G258700, FNS II-1, and FNS II-2 in pubescence. The promoter of FNS II-1 and FNS II-2 shared cis-acting regulatory elements for binding of MYB proteins. These results suggest that the wild type of Glyma.03G258700 protein may bind to the promoter of FNS II genes and upregulate their expression, resulting in increased flavone content and deeper pubescence color. In contrast, mutated Glyma.03G258700 protein may fail to upregulate the expression of FNS II genes, resulting in decreased flavone content and dilute pubescence color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Stephen M. Githiri
- Horticulture Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Sang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ren J, Sang Y, Qin R, Su Y, Cui Z, Mang Z, Li H, Lu S, Zhang J, Cheng S, Liu X, Li J, Lu J, Wu W, Zhao GP, Shao F, Yao YF. Metabolic intermediate acetyl phosphate modulates bacterial virulence via acetylation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:55-69. [PMID: 30866760 PMCID: PMC6455138 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1558963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that bacterial metabolism plays an important role in virulence. Acetyl phosphate (AcP), the high-energy intermediate of the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase pathway, is the major acetyl donor in E. coli. PhoP is an essential transcription factor for bacterial virulence. Here, we show in Salmonella typhimurium that PhoP is non-enzymatically acetylated by AcP, which modifies its transcriptional activity, demonstrating that the acetylation of Lysine 102 (K102) is dependent on the intracellular AcP. The acetylation level of K102 decreases under PhoP-activating conditions including low magnesium, acid stress or following phagocytosis. Notably, in vitro assays show that K102 acetylation affects PhoP phosphorylation and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Both cell and mouse models show that K102 is critical to Salmonella virulence, and suggest acetylation is involved in regulating PhoP activity. Together, the current study highlights the importance of the metabolism in bacterial virulence, and shows AcP might be a key mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- a Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sang
- a Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Qin
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Su
- a Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture , College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Mang
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- d Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- d Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Cheng
- e Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- e Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center , College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jixi Li
- f State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms , School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lu
- g Department of Infectious Diseases , Shanghai Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- h Department of Laboratory Medicine , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- i Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology , Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shao
- j National Institute of Biological Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- a Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,h Department of Laboratory Medicine , Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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Xing A, Zhang N, Yuan D, Liu H, Sang Y, Miao P, Sun Q, Luo M. Relationship between Acidity, Defective Sites, and Diffusion Properties of Nanosheet ZSM-5 and Its Catalytic Performance in the Methanol to Propylene Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Xing
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Nini Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
| | - Delin Yuan
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yu Sang
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Ping Miao
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Qi Sun
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Mingsheng Luo
- Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, China
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Yuan D, Sang Y, Xing A, Wang C, Miao P, Sun Q. Tuning of Magnesium Distribution in ZSM-5 via Different Impregnation Methods and Its Effect on Methanol to Propene Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delin Yuan
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yu Sang
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Aihua Xing
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Chuanfu Wang
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Ping Miao
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Qi Sun
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102209, China
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Sang Y, Ren J, Qin R, Liu S, Cui Z, Cheng S, Liu X, Lu J, Tao J, Yao YF. Acetylation Regulating Protein Stability and DNA-Binding Ability of HilD, thus Modulating Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1018-1026. [PMID: 28329249 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HilD, a dominant regulator of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1, can be acetylated by protein acetyltransferase (Pat) in Salmonella Typhimurium, and the acetylation is beneficial to its stability. However, the underlying mechanism of HilD stability regulated by acetylation is not clear. We show here that lysine 297 (K297) located in the helix-turn-helix motif, can be acetylated by Pat. Acetylation of K297 increases HilD stability, but reduces its DNA-binding affinity. In turn, the deacetylated K297 enhances the DNA-binding ability but decreases HilD stability. Under the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1-inducing condition, the acetylation level of K297 is down-regulated. The acetylated K297 (mimicked by glutamine substitution) causes attenuated invasion in HeLa cells, as well as impaired virulence in mouse model, compared with the deacetylated K297 (mimicked by arginine substitution), suggesting that deacetylation of K297 is essential for Salmonella virulence. These findings demonstrate that the acetylation of K297 can regulate both protein stability and DNA-binding ability. This regulation mediated by acetylation not only degrades redundant HilD to keep a moderate protein level to facilitate S. Typhimurium growth but also maintains an appropriate DNA-binding activity of HilD to ensure bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Ran Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Shuting Liu
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Jing Tao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
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Abstract
Co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminations in cereal crops and food ingredients. However, the mechanism of their combined toxicity is poorly understood. In the current investigation, the hepatoma HepG2/C3A cell line was used to explore the combined cytotoxicity of AFB1 and DON. The values of IC50, based on a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, were 4.5 mM and 18.7 mM for DON and AFB1, respectively. The analysis of cytotoxicity endpoints using the combination index (CI) theory revealed that the changes of mitochondrial membrane permeability and ATP resulted from an additive cytotoxic effect (CI≈1) of AFB1 and DON. However, the endpoints of double strand DNA (ds-DNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability (SRB) were synergistically (CI<1) affected in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated a number of uniquely expressed genes in their combination (AFB1: 2.5 mM, DON: 0.56 mM), indicating a synergistic interaction between AFB1 and DON at a molecular level. Additional transcriptomics analysis showed that the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated JNK/p38/MAPK pathway was induced by DON, whereas the p53 signalling pathway was activated by AFB1. The expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 suggested a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway that was shared between AFB1 and DON. Thus, different cytotoxicity pathways and their converging at the apoptotic process might be the mechanism of the additive/synergistic cytotoxicity of AFB1 and DON to HepG2/C3A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - Y. Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - G. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
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Ren J, Sang Y, Qin R, Cui Z, Yao YF. 6S RNA is involved in acid resistance and invasion of epithelial cells in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1045-1057. [PMID: 28796533 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Acid is an important environmental condition encountered frequently by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium during its pathogenesis, but the role of small-noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in response to acid stress is poorly understood. METHODS We used RNA sequencing to explore acid-responsive sRNAs in S. Typhimurium. RESULTS It identified that 6S RNA encoded by the ssrS was significantly upregulated at pH 3.0. The 6S RNA knockout strain showed a reduced ability to survive at pH 3.0. Additionally, genes in Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 were downregulated in the 6S RNA knockout strain. The loss of 6S RNA significantly reduced S. Typhimurium invasion ability in HeLa cells and virulence in a mouse model. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that 6S RNA plays an important role in S. Typhimurium survival under extremely acid conditions and for invasion of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ran Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Ren J, Sang Y, Lu J, Yao YF. Protein Acetylation and Its Role in Bacterial Virulence. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:768-779. [PMID: 28462789 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a universal post-translational modification which is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This process is achieved enzymatically by the protein acetyltransferase Pat, and nonenzymatically by metabolic intermediates (e.g., acetyl phosphate) in bacteria. Protein acetylation plays a role in bacterial chemotaxis, metabolism, DNA replication, and other cellular processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that protein acetylation might be involved in bacterial virulence because a number of bacterial virulence factors are acetylated. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding bacterial protein acetylation and discuss how it mediates bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Zhang S, Miao Y, Li X, He H, Sang Y, Du X. Determining next best view based on occlusion information in a single depth image of visual object. INT J ADV ROBOT SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1729881416685672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How to determine the camera’s next best view is a challenging problem in vision field. A next best view approach is proposed based on occlusion information in a single depth image. First, the occlusion detection is accomplished for the depth image of visual object in current view to obtain the occlusion boundary and the nether adjacent boundary. Second, the external surface of occluded region is constructed and modeled according to the occlusion boundary and the nether adjacent boundary. Third, the observation direction, observation center point, and area information of external surface of occluded region are solved. And then, the set of candidate observation directions and the visual space of each candidate direction are determined. Finally, the next best view is achieved by solving the next best observation direction and camera’s observation position. The proposed approach does not need the prior knowledge of visual object or limit the camera position on a specially appointed surface. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach is feasible and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuxia Miao
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yu Sang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xuezhe Du
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Qin R, Sang Y, Ren J, Zhang Q, Li S, Cui Z, Yao YF. The Bacterial Two-Hybrid System Uncovers the Involvement of Acetylation in Regulating of Lrp Activity in Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1864. [PMID: 27909434 PMCID: PMC5112231 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N𝜀-lysine acetylation is an abundant and important Post-translational modification in bacteria. We used the bacterial two-hybrid system to screen the genome library of the Salmonella Typhimurium to identify potential proteins involved in acetyltransferase Pat - or deacetylase CobB-mediated acetylation. Then, the in vitro (de)acetylation assays were used to validate the potential targets, such as STM14_1074, NrdF, RhaR. Lrp, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein and global regulator, was shown to interact with Pat. We further demonstrate that Lrp could be acetylated by Pat and deacetylated by NAD+-dependent CobB in vitro. Specifically, the conserved lysine residue 36 (K36) in helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domain of Lrp was acetylated. Acetylation of K36 impaired the function of Lrp through altering the affinity with the target promoter. The mutation of K36 in chromosome mimicking acetylation enhanced the transcriptional level of itself and attenuated the mRNA levels of Lrp-regulated genes including fimA, which was confirmed by yeast agglutination assay. These findings demonstrate that the acetylation regulates the DNA-binding activity of Lrp, suggesting that acetylation modification of transcription factors is a conserved regulatory manner to modulate gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Qiufen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Sang Y, Ren J, Ni J, Tao J, Lu J, Yao YF. Protein Acetylation Is Involved in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Virulence. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1836-45. [PMID: 26810370 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella causes a range of diseases in different hosts, including enterocolitis and systemic infection. Lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in bacteria is largely unexplored. The acetyltransferase Pat and NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase CobB are involved in the reversible protein acetylation in Salmonella Typhimurium. Here, we used cell and animal models to evaluate the virulence of pat and cobB deletion mutants in S. Typhimurium and found that pat is critical for bacterial intestinal colonization and systemic infection. Next, to understand the underlying mechanism, genome-wide transcriptome was analyzed. RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) is partially dependent on pat In addition, we found that HilD, a key transcriptional regulator of SPI-1, is a substrate of Pat. The acetylation of HilD by Pat maintained HilD stability and was essential for the transcriptional activation of HilA. Taken together, these results suggest that a protein acetylation system regulates SPI-1 expression by controlling HilD in a posttranslational manner to mediate S. Typhimurium virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Ren
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Jinjing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Jing Tao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
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Pan Q, Sang Y, Sun C, Li G, Wang Y. KCNQ1 A340E impairs electrolyte homeostasis independently of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in mice. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Tao J, Sang Y, Teng Q, Ni J, Yang Y, Tsui SKW, Yao YF. Heat shock proteins IbpA and IbpB are required for NlpI-participated cell division in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25699035 PMCID: PMC4316790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein NlpI of Escherichia coli is involved in the cell division, virulence, and bacterial interaction with eukaryotic host cells. To elucidate the functional mechanism of NlpI, we examined how NlpI affects cell division and found that induction of NlpI inhibits nucleoid division and halts cell growth. Consistent with these results, the cell division protein FtsZ failed to localize at the septum but diffused in the cytosol. Elevation of NlpI expression enhanced the transcription and the outer membrane localization of the heat shock protein IbpA and IbpB. Deletion of either ibpA or ibpB abolished the effects of NlpI induction, which could be restored by complementation. The C-terminus of NlpI is critical for the enhancement in IbpA and IbpB production, and the N-terminus of NlpI is required for the outer membrane localization of NlpI, IbpA, and IbpB. Furthermore, NlpI physically interacts with IbpB. These results indicate that over-expression of NlpI can interrupt the nucleoids division and the assembly of FtsZ at the septum, mediated by IbpA/IbpB, suggesting a role of the NlpI/IbpA/IbpB complex in the cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Qihui Teng
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
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Abstract
We quantitatively discuss the influence of quenched disorder on the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in metals, using a theory that describes the coupling of the magnetization to gapless fermionic excitations. In clean systems, the transition is first order below a tricritical temperature T_{tc}. Quenched disorder is predicted to suppress T_{tc} until it vanishes for residual resistivities ρ_{0} on the order of several μΩ cm for typical quantum ferromagnets. We discuss experiments that allow us to distinguish the mechanism considered from other possible realizations of a first-order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D Belitz
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T R Kirkpatrick
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Liu H, Zhang H, Wan G, Sang Y, Chang Y, Wang X, Zeng H. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: a novel predictor for short-term prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:499-507. [PMID: 24750274 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has a poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. The role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects the inflammatory status of the patient before treatment, has never been studied in this setting. To investigate the predictive value of NLR in patients with ACHBLF, a retrospective cohort with 216 patients and a prospective validation cohort with 73 patients were recruited. Multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin (TBIL), NLR, age and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score had prognostic significance for survival. Both NLR (0.781) and MELD score (0.744) had higher ROC curves, which differed significantly from those for age (0.615) and TBIL (0.691), but not from each other (P = 0.94). NLR ≤ 2.36 predicted lower mortality (with 91.6% sensitivity and 86.0% negative predictive value), and NLR >6.12 was a warning sign for higher mortality risk (with 90.1% specificity and 80.3% positive predictive value). These results demonstrated that pretreatment NLR was associated with the prognosis of patients with ACHBLF, and elevated NLR predicted poor outcome within 8 weeks. We suggest that NLR cut-offs of ≤ 2.36 and >6.12 are powerful markers for predicting mortality in ACHBLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Turin TC, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Arima H, Chadban SJ, Cirillo M, Djurdjev O, Green JA, Irie F, Ix JH, Kovesdy CP, Ohkubo T, Shankar A, Wen CP, De Jong PE, Iseki K, Stengel B, Gansevoort RT, De Nicola L, Donfrancesco C, Minutolo R, Iacoviello L, Zoccali C, Gesualdo L, Conte G, Vanuzzo D, Giampaoli S, Gorriz JL, Molina-Vila P, Nieto J, Bover J, Martinez-Castelao A, Martinde Francisco AL, Barril G, Del Pino MD, Escudero V, Coresh J, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Appel LJ, Green JA, Heine GH, Inker LA, Ishani A, Marks A, Shalev V, Turin TC, Iseki K, Levey AS, Sedaghat S, Mattace-Raso FUS, Uitterlinden AG, Hoorn EJ, Hofman A, Ikram MA, Franco OH, Dehghan A. CKD EPIDEMIOLOGY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sang Y, Tao J, Yao Y. [Regulation of the Z ring positioning in bacterial cell division--a review]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2013; 53:321-327. [PMID: 23858706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanism of bacterial cell division has long been a research focus. Forming a septum at the middle of the cell, the seemingly simple process is involved by multiple regulation factors. Zring (FtsZ ring) is the skeleton of the splitting complex. The locus where Z ring is formed is not only the position the septum formed but also determines the cell division site. Formation of Zring in the incorrect location results in inequality cell division. Several cell division regulation systems have been identified, including the Min system, nucleoid occlusion and the MipZ protein which effectively prevent Zring assembly by different mechanisms, ensuring formation of the fission complex at the correct position. Recent progresses about the formation process of Zring and regulation mechanism affecting the Z-ring positioning are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Yang X, Liu B, Sang Y, Yuan Y, Pu J, Liu Y, Li Z, Feng J, Xie Y, Tang R, Yuan H, Liao F. Kinetic analysis of the lactate-dehydrogenase-coupled reaction process and measurement of alanine transaminase by an integration strategy. ANAL SCI 2011; 26:1193-8. [PMID: 21079351 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analyses of lactate-dehydrogenase (LD)-coupled alanine transaminase (ALT) reaction processes were investigated for measuring ALT by an integration strategy. For measuring ALT by a kinetic analysis of an LD-coupled ALT reaction curve, candidate reaction curves were calculated via iterative numerical integration of the differential velocity equations to execute a weighted nonlinear-least-square-fitting. To realize the integration strategy, the conventional initial-velocity method was used if the ALT activities were below 25 U/L; otherwise, kinetic analyses of the reaction curves were employed. Of the reaction curves recorded at 10-s intervals, kinetic analyses gave ALT activities resistant to deviations in the LD kinetic parameters. The integration strategy yielded a higher value of the lower limit, but an upper limit of over 100 U/L by simulations and over 75 U/L with purified ALT. Also, its intra-run relative standard deviations were below 9% for 0.50 U/L ALT and below 5% for final 1 to 65 U/L ALT. The integration strategy gave consistent ALT activities in clinical sera. Hence, this new approach for kinetic analyses of ALT reaction processes and the integration strategy were effective to measure ALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yang
- Unit for Biotransfromation and Protein Biotechnology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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Xu S, Feng Z, Zhang M, Wu Y, Sang Y, Xu H, Lv X, Hu K, Cao J, Zhang R, Chen L, Liu M, Yun JP, Zeng YX, Kang T. hSSB1 binds and protects p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation and positively correlates with p21 in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncogene 2011; 30:2219-29. [PMID: 21242961 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of hSSB1, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, causes increased radiosensitivity, defective checkpoint activation and genomic instability. However, the mechanisms of hSSB1 function in these responses remain to be uncovered. Here, we present evidence that hSSB1 directly binds p21 and this interaction may prevent p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Furthermore, both promotion of the G1/S transition and abrogation of the G2/M checkpoints induced by hSSB1 knockdown are partially dependent on p21. Most importantly, hSSB1 and p21 levels are positively correlated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), as determined by immunostaining. Therefore, hSSB1 may positively modulate p21 to regulate cell cycle progression and DNA damage response, implicating hSSB1 as a novel, promising therapeutic target for cancers such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
We model friction acting on the tip of an atomic force microscope as it is dragged across a surface at nonzero temperatures. We find that stick-slip motion occurs and that the average frictional force follows (absolute value lnv)(2/3), where v is the tip velocity. This compares well to recent experimental work, permitting the quantitative extraction of all microscopic parameters. We calculate the scaled form of the average frictional force's dependence on both temperature and tip speed as well as the form of the friction-force distribution function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Centre for the Physics of Materials, Physics Department, Rutherford Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2T8 Canada
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in various processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and membrane degradation. Multiple forms of PLD with distinct biochemical properties have been described in the cell. In Arabidopsis, PLDalpha and PLDgamma, but not PLDbeta, were detected in guard cells, and antisense suppression resulted in a specific loss of PLDalpha. The abrogation of PLDalpha rendered plants less sensitive to abscisic acid and impaired stomatal closure induced by water deficits. PLDalpha-depleted plants exhibited accelerated transpirational water loss and a decreased ability to tolerate drought stress. Overexpression of PLDalpha enhanced the leaf's sensitivity to abscisic acid. These findings provide molecular and physiological evidence that PLDalpha plays a crucial role in regulating stomatal movement and plant-water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD), which hydrolyzes phospholipids into free head groups and phosphatidic acid (PA), may regulate cellular processes through the production of lipid and lipid-derived messengers. We have genetically abrogated PLD alpha, the most prevalent isoform of PLD in plants, and the depletion of PLD alpha in Arabidopsis decreased the levels of PA and superoxide production in Arabidopsis leaf extracts. Addition of PA promoted the synthesis of superoxide in the PLD alpha-depleted plants, as measured by chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase-inhibitable, NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium. The PA-enhanced generation of superoxide was associated mainly with microsomal membranes. Among various lipids tested, PA was the most effective stimulator with the optimal concentrations between 100 and 200 microM. The PA-promoted production of superoxide was observed also in leaves directly infiltrated with PA. The added PA was more effective in stimulating superoxide generation in the PLD alpha-depleted leaves than in the PLD alpha-containing, wild-type leaves, suggesting that PA produced in the cell was more effective than added PA in promoting superoxide production. These data indicate that PLD plays a role in mediating superoxide production in plants through the generation of PA as a lipid messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Sang Y, Yan C, Zhu C, Ni G. Relationship between HLA-DRB1 and DQ alleles and the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:407-9. [PMID: 11780465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and DQ alleles and the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes in North Chinese children. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to amplify the second exon of DRB1 and DQ alleles, after which sequence specific olignucleotide probe (SSOP) dot blot hybridization techniques were used to analyze the amplified products. RESULTS DRB1 * 0301, DQA1 * 0301, DQB1 * 0201 alleles and DRB1 * 0301-DQA1 * 0501-DQB1 * 0201 haplotype were significantly increased in patients, while DQA1 * 0103 and DQB1 * 0601 alleles were significantly increased in controls. The distribution of DR4 and DR9 haplotypes in patients and controls were not significantly different, but DR3/DR4 and DR4/DR9 heterozygotes were significantly increased in patients. CONCLUSIONS DRB1 * 0301, DQA1 * 0301 and DQB1 * 0201 confer susceptibility while DQA1 * 0103 and DQB1 * 0601 confer protection to type 1 diabetes. DRB1 * 0301-DQA1 * 0501-DQB1 * 0201 haplotype offers a predisposition to type 1 diabetes in North Chinese. Although the distribution of DR4 and DR9 in patients and controls had no significant difference, DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR9 heterozygotes were significantly increased in patients, showing that the susceptive effects of DR3 and DR4 or DR4 and DR9 haplotypes could be added up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
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47
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Wang X, Wang C, Sang Y, Zheng L, Qin C. Determining functions of multiple phospholipase Ds in stress response of Arabidopsis. Biochem Soc Trans 2000; 28:813-6. [PMID: 11171217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is encoded by a multiple gene family, and several PLDs from Arabidopsis have been characterized at the molecular biological and biochemical levels. PLDalpha is the most abundant plant PLD and exhibits a number of different biochemical properties to the other isoforms. The other PLDs have many overlapping catalytic properties but display some unique patterns of expression during development and in response to stress cues. Accumulating data indicate that different PLDs have multiple and different roles in plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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48
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Abstract
The physical locations of the 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sequences were examined in three sorghum species by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using biotin-labeled heterologous 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA probe (pTa71). Each 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus occurred at two sites on the chromosomes in Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) and S. versicolor (2n = 10), but at four sites on the chromosomes of S. halepense (2n = 40) and the tetraploid S. versicolor (2n = 20). Positions of the rDNA loci varied from the interstitial to terminal position among the four accessions of the three sorghum species. The rDNA data are useful for investigation of chromosome evolution and phylogeny. This study excluded S. versicolor as the possible progenitor of S. bicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5501, USA
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Sang Y, Wang XB, Han Q. [Effects of tangshenkang capsule on diabetic nephropathy]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1996; 16:398-401. [PMID: 9387731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Tangshenkang (TSK) capsule on diabetic nephropathy (DN), 57 patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group and the control group, they were treated with TSK capsule and the conventional therapy respectively. There were serious disorders of metabolism in DN patients, that showed the TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios and lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels were higher than that of healthy people. After 6 weeks treated with TSK capsule the albuminuria levels reduced obviously (decreased 51%), renal plasma flow (RPF) increased, glomerular filtration rate and the LPO levels decreased and a positive correlation was observed between albuminuria levels and TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios while the clearance rate of creafinin didn't improve significantly. There were no significant difference in the above-mentioned parameters in the control group before and after treatment. These results suggested that TSK capsule possessed a significant effect in improving albuminuria and glomerular function. And the effect of TSK might be due to its adjusting TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios and its lipid-peroxidation in DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, Henan
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Chen J, Chenette D, Guzik TG, Garcia-Munoz M, Pyle KR, Sang Y, Wefel JP. A model of solar energetic particles for use in calculating LET spectra developed from ONR-604 data. Adv Space Res 1994; 14:675-680. [PMID: 11540007 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A model of solar energetic particles (SEP) has been developed and is applied to solar flares during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission using data measured by the University of Chicago instrument, ONR-604. The model includes the time-dependent behavior, heavy-ion content, energy spectrum and fluence, and can accurately represent the observed SEP events in the energy range between 40 to 500 MeV/nucleon. Results are presented for the March and June, 1991 flare periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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