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Lapidus S, Goheen MM, Sy M, Deme AB, Ndiaye IM, Diedhiou Y, Mbaye AM, Hagadorn KA, Sene SD, Pouye MN, Thiam LG, Ba A, Guerra N, Mbengue A, Raduwan H, Vigan-Womas I, Parikh S, Ko AI, Ndiaye D, Fikrig E, Chuang YM, Bei AK. Two mosquito salivary antigens demonstrate promise as biomarkers of recent exposure to P. falciparum infected mosquito bites. medRxiv 2024:2024.04.20.24305430. [PMID: 38712295 PMCID: PMC11071555 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.24305430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Measuring malaria transmission intensity using the traditional entomological inoculation rate is difficult. Antibody responses to mosquito salivary proteins such as SG6 have previously been used as biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles mosquito bites. Here, we investigate four mosquito salivary proteins as potential biomarkers of human exposure to mosquitoes infected with P. falciparum : mosGILT, SAMSP1, AgSAP, and AgTRIO. Methods We tested population-level human immune responses in longitudinal and cross-sectional plasma samples from individuals with known P. falciparum infection from low and moderate transmission areas in Senegal using a multiplexed magnetic bead-based assay. Results AgSAP and AgTRIO were the best indicators of recent exposure to infected mosquitoes. Antibody responses to AgSAP, in a moderate endemic area, and to AgTRIO in both low and moderate endemic areas, were significantly higher than responses in a healthy non-endemic control cohort (p-values = 0.0245, 0.0064, and <0.0001 respectively). No antibody responses significantly differed between the low and moderate transmission area, or between equivalent groups during and outside the malaria transmission seasons. For AgSAP and AgTRIO, reactivity peaked 2-4 weeks after clinical P. falciparum infection and declined 3 months after infection. Discussion Reactivity to both AgSAP and AgTRIO peaked after infection and did not differ seasonally nor between areas of low and moderate transmission, suggesting reactivity is likely reflective of exposure to infectious mosquitos or recent biting rather than general mosquito exposure. Kinetics suggest reactivity is relatively short-lived. AgSAP and AgTRIO are promising candidates to incorporate into multiplexed assays for serosurveillance of population-level changes in P. falciparum -infected mosquito exposure.
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Chuang YM, Stone H, Abouneameh S, Tang X, Fikrig E. Signaling between mammalian adiponectin and a mosquito adiponectin receptor reduces Plasmodium transmission. mBio 2024; 15:e0225723. [PMID: 38078744 PMCID: PMC10790699 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02257-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE When a female mosquito takes a blood meal from a mammalian host, components of the blood meal can affect mosquito fitness and indirectly influence pathogen infectivity. We identified a pathway involving an Anopheles gambiae adiponectin receptor, which, triggered by adiponectin from an incoming blood meal, decreases Plasmodium infection in the mosquito. Activation of this pathway negatively regulates lipophorin expression, an important lipid transporter that both enhances egg development and Plasmodium infection. This is an unrecognized cross-phyla interaction between a mosquito and its vertebrate host. These processes are critical to understanding the complex life cycle of mosquitoes and Plasmodium following a blood meal and may be applicable to other hematophagous arthropods and vector-borne infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helen Stone
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Selma Abouneameh
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaotian Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Arora G, Tang X, Cui Y, Yang J, Chuang YM, Joshi J, Sajid A, Dong Y, Cresswell P, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. mosGILT controls innate immunity and germ cell development in Anopheles gambiae. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:42. [PMID: 38191283 PMCID: PMC10775533 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene-edited mosquitoes lacking a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like protein, namely (mosGILTnull) have lower Plasmodium infection, which is linked to impaired ovarian development and immune activation. The transcriptome of mosGILTnull Anopheles gambiae was therefore compared to wild type (WT) mosquitoes by RNA-sequencing to delineate mosGILT-dependent pathways. Compared to WT mosquitoes, mosGILTnull A. gambiae demonstrated altered expression of genes related to oogenesis, 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesis, as well as immune-related genes. Serendipitously, the zero population growth gene, zpg, an essential regulator of germ cell development was found to be one of the most downregulated genes in mosGILTnull mosquitoes. These results provide a crucial missing link between two previous studies on the role of zpg and mosGILT in ovarian development. This study further demonstrates that mosGILT has the potential to serve as a target for the biological control of mosquito vectors and to influence the Plasmodium life cycle within the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Arora
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaotian Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
- Current Affiliation: Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Yuemei Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
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4
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Arora G, Tang X, Cui Y, Yang J, Chuang YM, Joshi J, Sajid A, Dong Y, Cresswell P, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. Anopheles gambiae mosGILT regulates innate immune genes and zpg expression. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.01.551536. [PMID: 37577703 PMCID: PMC10418185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene-edited mosquitoes lacking a g amma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like protein, namely ( mosGILT null ) have lower Plasmodium infection, which is linked to impaired ovarian development and immune activation. The transcriptome of mosGILT null A. gambiae was therefore compared to wild type (WT) by RNA-sequencing to delineate mosGILT-dependent pathways. Compared to WT mosquitoes, mosGILT null A. gambiae demonstrated altered expression of genes related to oogenesis, 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesis, as well as immune-related genes. Serendipitously, the zero population growth gene, zpg , an essential regulator of germ cell development was found to be one of the most downregulated genes in mosGILT null mosquitoes. These results provide the crucial missing link between two previous studies on the role of zpg and mosGILT in ovarian development. This study further demonstrates that mosGILT has the potential to serve as a target for the biological control of mosquito vectors and to influence the Plasmodium life cycle within the vector.
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Chuang YM, Alameh MG, Abouneameh S, Raduwan H, Ledizet M, Weissman D, Fikrig E. A mosquito AgTRIO mRNA vaccine contributes to immunity against malaria. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:88. [PMID: 37286568 PMCID: PMC10244833 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin of a vertebrate host. To prevent malaria, vaccination is the most effective strategy and there is an urgent need for new strategies to enhance current pathogen-based vaccines. Active or passive immunization against a mosquito saliva protein, AgTRIO, contributes to protection against Plasmodium infection of mice. In this study, we generated an AgTRIO mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and assessed its potential usefulness as a vaccine against malaria. Immunization of mice with an AgTRIO mRNA-LNP generated a robust humoral response, including AgTRIO IgG2a isotype antibodies that have been associated with protection. AgTRIO mRNA-LNP immunized mice exposed to Plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes had markedly reduced initial Plasmodium hepatic infection levels and increased survival compared to control mice. In addition, as the humoral response to AgTRIO waned over 6 months, additional mosquito bites boosted the AgTRIO IgG titers, including IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, which offers a unique advantage compared to pathogen-based vaccines. These data will aid in the generation of future malaria vaccines that may include both pathogen and vector antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Institute for RNA Innovation and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Selma Abouneameh
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hamidah Raduwan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Drew Weissman
- Institute for RNA Innovation and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Arora G, Chuang YM, Sinnis P, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. Malaria: influence of Anopheles mosquito saliva on Plasmodium infection. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:256-265. [PMID: 36964020 PMCID: PMC10074230 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium protozoa that are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. Plasmodium sporozoites are released with saliva when an infected female mosquito takes a blood meal on a vertebrate host. Sporozoites deposited into the skin must enter a blood vessel to start their journey towards the liver. After migration out of the mosquito, sporozoites are associated with, or in proximity to, many components of vector saliva in the skin. Recent work has elucidated how Anopheles saliva, and components of saliva, can influence host-pathogen interactions during the early stage of Plasmodium infection in the skin. Here, we discuss how components of Anopheles saliva can modulate local host responses and affect Plasmodium infectivity. We hypothesize that therapeutic strategies targeting mosquito salivary proteins can play a role in controlling malaria and other vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Arora
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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7
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Tang X, Cao Y, Arora G, Hwang J, Sajid A, Brown CL, Mehta S, Marín-López A, Chuang YM, Wu MJ, Ma H, Pal U, Narasimhan S, Fikrig E. Correction: The Lyme disease agent co-opts adiponectin receptor-mediated signaling in its arthropod vector. eLife 2022; 11:77794. [PMID: 35179491 PMCID: PMC8856650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tang X, Cao Y, Arora G, Hwang J, Sajid A, Brown CL, Mehta S, Marín-López A, Chuang YM, Wu MJ, Ma H, Pal U, Narasimhan S, Fikrig E. The Lyme disease agent co-opts adiponectin receptor-mediated signaling in its arthropod vector. eLife 2021; 10:e72568. [PMID: 34783654 PMCID: PMC8639152 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin-mediated pathways contribute to mammalian homeostasis; however, little is known about adiponectin and adiponectin receptor signaling in arthropods. In this study, we demonstrate that Ixodes scapularis ticks have an adiponectin receptor-like protein (ISARL) but lack adiponectin, suggesting activation by alternative pathways. ISARL expression is significantly upregulated in the tick gut after Borrelia burgdorferi infection, suggesting that ISARL signaling may be co-opted by the Lyme disease agent. Consistent with this, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of ISARL significantly reduced the B. burgdorferi burden in the tick. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics and RNAi assays demonstrate that ISARL-mediated phospholipid metabolism by phosphatidylserine synthase I is associated with B. burgdorferi survival. Furthermore, the tick complement C1q-like protein 3 interacts with ISARL, and B. burgdorferi facilitates this process. This study identifies a new tick metabolic pathway that is connected to the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, and Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Gunjan Arora
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jesse Hwang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Courtney L Brown
- Yale Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Alejandro Marín-López
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Ming-Jie Wu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxiChina
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College ParkCollege ParkUnited States
| | - Sukanya Narasimhan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
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Chuang YM, Agunbiade TA, Tang XD, Freudzon M, Almeras L, Fikrig E. The Effects of A Mosquito Salivary Protein on Sporozoite Traversal of Host Cells. J Infect Dis 2020; 224:544-553. [PMID: 33306099 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria begins when Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquitoes take a blood meal on a vertebrate. During the initial probing process, mosquitoes inject saliva and sporozoites into the host skin. Components of mosquito saliva have the potential to influence sporozoite functionality. Sporozoite-associated mosquito saliva protein 1 (SAMSP1; AGAP013726) was among several proteins identified when sporozoites were isolated from saliva, suggesting it may have an effect on Plasmodium. Recombinant SAMSP1 enhanced sporozoite gliding and cell traversal activity in vitro. Moreover, SAMSP1 decreased neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo and in vitro, thereby also exerting an influence on the host environment in which the sporozoites reside. Active or passive immunization of mice with SAMSP1 or SAMSP1 antiserum diminished the initial Plasmodium burden after infection. Passive immunization of mice with SAMSP1 antiserum also added to the protective effect of a circumsporozoite protein monoclonal antibody. SAMSP1 is, therefore, a mosquito saliva protein that can influence sporozoite infectivity in the vertebrate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tolulope A Agunbiade
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Marianna Freudzon
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, UMR Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Chuang YM, Dutta NK, Gordy JT, Campodónico VL, Pinn ML, Markham RB, Hung CF, Karakousis PC. Antibiotic Treatment Shapes the Antigenic Environment During Chronic TB Infection, Offering Novel Targets for Therapeutic Vaccination. Front Immunol 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32411131 PMCID: PMC7198710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The lengthy and complicated current regimen required to treat drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) reflects the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist in host tissues. The stringent response pathway, governed by the dual (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase, RelMtb, is a major mechanism underlying Mtb persistence and antibiotic tolerance. In the current study, we addressed the hypothesis that RelMtb is a “persistence antigen” presented during TB chemotherapy and that enhanced immunity to RelMtb can enhance the tuberculocidal activity of the first-line anti-TB drug, isoniazid, which has reduced efficacy against Mtb persisters. C57BL/6 mice and Hartley guinea pigs were aerosol-infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) and, 4 weeks later, received either human-equivalent daily doses of isoniazid alone, or isoniazid in combination with a DNA vaccine targeting relMtb. After isoniazid treatment, there was a significant reduction in dominant antigen ESAT6-reactive CD4+ or TB10.4-reactive CD8+ T cells in the lungs and spleens of mice. However, the total number of RelMtb-reactive CD4+ T cells remained stable in mouse lungs and spleens, as did the number of RelMtb-reactive CD8+T cells. Therapeutic vaccination with relMtb DNA vaccine enhanced the activity of isoniazid in Mtb-infected C57BL/6 mice and guinea pigs. When treatment with isoniazid was discontinued, mice immunized with the relMtb DNA vaccine showed a lower mean lung bacterial burden at relapse compared to the control group. Our work shows that antitubercular treatment shapes the antigenic environment, and that therapeutic vaccination targeting the Mtb stringent response may represent a novel approach to enhance immunity against Mtb persisters, with the ultimate goal of shortening curative TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Noton K Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - James T Gordy
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Victoria L Campodónico
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael L Pinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard B Markham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petros C Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Wei KL, Chou JL, Chen YC, Jin H, Chuang YM, Wu CS, Chan MWY. Methylomics analysis identifies a putative STAT3 target, SPG20, as a noninvasive epigenetic biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218338. [PMID: 31194837 PMCID: PMC6564691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer worldwide. Our previous studies showed that aberrant activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling confer epigenetically silences STAT3 target genes in gastric cancer. To further investigate the clinical significance of this phenomenon, we performed Illumina 850K methylation microarray analysis in AGS gastric cancer cells, and cells depleted of STAT3. Integrative computational analysis identified SPG20 as a putative STAT3 epigenetic target, showing promoter hypomethylation in STAT3-depleted AGS cells. Bisulphite pyrosequencing and qRT-PCR confirmed that SPG20 is epigenetically silenced by promoter hypermethylation in a panel of gastric cancer cell lines including AGS cells, but not in immortalized gastric epithelial GES cells. Expression of SPG20 could be restored by the treatment with a DNMT inhibitor, further suggesting that SPG20 is epigenetically silenced by promoter methylation. Clinically, a progressive increase in SPG20 methylation was observed in tissues samples from gastritis (n = 34), to intestinal metaplasia (IM, n = 33), to gastric cancer (n = 53). Importantly, SPG20 methylation could be detected in cell-free DNA isolated from serum samples of gastritis, IM and gastric cancer patients, having a progressive similar to tissues. Taken together, SPG20, a potential STAT3 target, is frequently methylated in gastric cancer, representing a novel noninvasive biomarker for early detection of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Liang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Liang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shyong Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CSW); (MC)
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Chia Yi, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (CSW); (MC)
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12
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Dutta NK, Klinkenberg LG, Vazquez MJ, Segura-Carro D, Colmenarejo G, Ramon F, Rodriguez-Miquel B, Mata-Cantero L, Porras-De Francisco E, Chuang YM, Rubin H, Lee JJ, Eoh H, Bader JS, Perez-Herran E, Mendoza-Losana A, Karakousis PC. Inhibiting the stringent response blocks Mycobacterium tuberculosis entry into quiescence and reduces persistence. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2104. [PMID: 30906866 PMCID: PMC6426458 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The stringent response enables Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to shut down its replication and metabolism under various stresses. Here we show that Mtb lacking the stringent response enzyme RelMtb was unable to slow its replication rate during nutrient starvation. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the nutrient-starved relMtb -deficient strain had increased metabolism similar to that of exponentially growing wild-type bacteria in nutrient-rich broth, consistent with an inability to enter quiescence. Deficiency of relMtb increased the susceptibility of mutant bacteria to killing by isoniazid during nutrient starvation and in the lungs of chronically infected mice. We screened a pharmaceutical library of over 2 million compounds for inhibitors of RelMtb and showed that the lead compound X9 was able to directly kill nutrient-starved M. tuberculosis and enhanced the killing activity of isoniazid. Inhibition of RelMtb is a promising approach to target M. tuberculosis persisters, with the potential to shorten the duration of TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noton K. Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee G. Klinkenberg
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramon
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Mata-Cantero
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harvey Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esther Perez-Herran
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Petros C. Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Dragovic SM, Agunbiade TA, Freudzon M, Yang J, Hastings AK, Schleicher TR, Zhou X, Craft S, Chuang YM, Gonzalez F, Li Y, Hrebikova G, Tripathi A, Mlambo G, Almeras L, Ploss A, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. Immunization with AgTRIO, a Protein in Anopheles Saliva, Contributes to Protection against Plasmodium Infection in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:523-535.e5. [PMID: 29649443 PMCID: PMC5998332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium infection begins with the bite of an anopheline mosquito, when sporozoites along with saliva are injected into a vertebrate host. The role of the host responses to mosquito saliva components in malaria remains unclear. We observed that antisera against Anopheles gambiae salivary glands partially protected mice from mosquito-borne Plasmodium infection. Specifically, antibodies to A. gambiae TRIO (AgTRIO), a mosquito salivary gland antigen, contributed to the protection. Mice administered AgTRIO antiserum showed lower Plasmodium liver burden and decreased parasitemia when exposed to infected mosquitoes. Active immunization with AgTRIO was also partially protective against Plasmodium berghei infection. A combination of AgTRIO antiserum and antibodies against Plasmodium circumsporozoite protein, a vaccine candidate, further decreased P. berghei infection. In humanized mice, AgTRIO antiserum afforded some protection against mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium falciparum. AgTRIO antiserum reduced the movement of sporozoites in the murine dermis. AgTRIO may serve as an arthropod-based target against Plasmodium to combat malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan M Dragovic
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tolulope A Agunbiade
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marianna Freudzon
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew K Hastings
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tyler R Schleicher
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sam Craft
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Floricel Gonzalez
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Youquan Li
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gabriela Hrebikova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Abhai Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Godfree Mlambo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Unité de Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, The Anlyan Center for Medical Research and Education, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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14
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Campodónico VL, Rifat D, Chuang YM, Ioerger TR, Karakousis PC. Altered Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Metabolism and Physiology Associated With RpoB Mutation H526D. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:494. [PMID: 29616007 PMCID: PMC5867343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rpoB mutations are associated with global metabolic remodeling. However, the net effects of rpoB mutations on Mtb physiology, metabolism and function are not completely understood. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that changes in the expression of cell wall molecules in Mtb mutant RpoB 526D lead to changes in cell wall permeability and to altered resistance to environmental stresses and drugs. Methods: The phenotypes of a fully drug-susceptible clinical strain of Mtb and its paired rifampin-monoresistant, RpoB H526D mutant progeny strain were compared. Results: The rpoB mutant showed altered colony morphology, bacillary length and cell wall thickness, which were associated with increased cell wall permeability and susceptibility to the cell wall detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) after exposure to nutrient starvation. Relative to the isogenic rifampin-susceptible strain, the RpoB H526D mutant showed altered bacterial cellular metabolic activity and an eightfold increase in susceptibility to the cell-wall acting drug vancomycin. Conclusion: Our data suggest that RpoB mutation H526D is associated with altered cell wall physiology and resistance to cell wall-related stress. These findings are expected to contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Campodónico
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dalin Rifat
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Petros C Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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15
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Chuang YM, Pinn ML, Karakousis PC, Hung CF. Intranasal Immunization with DnaK Protein Induces Protective Mucosal Immunity against Tuberculosis in CD4-Depleted Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:31. [PMID: 29473022 PMCID: PMC5809501 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a global health challenge due to the limited efficacy of the Mtb vaccine in current use, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). To date, there is no available vaccine for immunocompromised individuals. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a new vaccine candidate which can induce mucosal immunity in hosts with different immune statuses. DnaK (HSP70) has been shown to induce protective immunity against Mtb infection when administered by DNA vaccine; however, the protection is inferior to that induced by the BCG vaccine. In our study, we vaccinated C57BL/6J mice with DnaK protein alone. Subcutaneous or intranasal vaccination with DnaK generated IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells in the spleen, but only intranasal vaccination generated IL-17-releasing CD4+ T cells in the lungs, even when circulating CD4+ T cells were diminished. Furthermore, intranasal vaccination with DnaK generated tissue resident CD4+ T cells in the lungs. Vaccination with DnaK alone resulted in protective immunity comparable to BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in mice. Our results demonstrate that intranasal vaccination with DnaK can generate mucosal immunity in immunocompromised or immunocompetent mice and DnaK vaccination can generate protection against Mtb similar to BCG, underscoring its potential utility as an Mtb vaccine candidate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael L Pinn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petros C Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Chuang YM, Chern CM, Liao WH, Hsu LC, Lien CF, Lirng JF, Shiao AS, Ko JSC. Contribution of intracranial vertebral artery asymmetry to vestibular neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:823-5. [PMID: 20587480 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.203323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) may affect the lateralisation of vestibular neuropathy (VN), probably through haemodynamic effect on the vestibular labyrinth. METHODS 69 patients with unilateral VN were examined with a magnetic resonance angiographic (MRA) and caloric test. 50 healthy subjects served as controls. The diagnosis of intracranial VAH was based on MRA if <0.22 cm in VA diameter and a diameter asymmetry index >40%. The authors then correlated the canal paretic side with the VAH side. RESULTS MRA study revealed 29 VAH (right/left: 23/6) in VN subjects and six VAH in controls (right/left: 5/1). The RR of VAH in VN subjects compared with controls was elevated (RR=2.2; 95% CI 1.8 to 2.8). There was a high accordance rate between the side of VAH and VN. Among 29 patients with unilateral VAH, 65.5% (N=19) had an ipsilateral VN, in which left VAH showed a higher accordance rate (83.3%) than the right side (60.9%). VN subjects with vascular risk factors also had a higher VAH accordance rate (81%) than those without (25%). CONCLUSIONS VAH may serve as a regional haemodynamic negative contributor and impede blood supply to the ipsilateral vestibular labyrinth, contributing to the development of VN, which could be enhanced by atherosclerotic risk factors and the left-sided location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Hongsachart P, Huang-Liu R, Sinchaikul S, Pan FM, Phutrakul S, Chuang YM, Yu CJ, Chen ST. Glycoproteomic analysis of WGA-bound glycoprotein biomarkers in sera from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1206-20. [PMID: 19294700 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Differential protein expression profiles in the serum samples from patients with lung adenocarcinoma may be associated with glycosylation during cancer development. In this study, we used various glycoproteomic approaches to investigate the different glycoproteomic profiles of human normal and lung adenocarcinoma serum samples and to investigate putative altered glycoprotein biomarkers. In our preliminary screening, FITC-labeled lectin staining was used for the detection of specific glycoprotein profiles. wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin had the highest level of specific binding to glycoproteins in both samples. We enriched for glycoproteins in the serum samples using WGA lectin affinity and then performed co-immunoprecipitation with anti-haptoglobin and 2-DE, 2-D difference in-gel electrophoresis and MS analyses. From these analyses, we identified 39 differentially expressed proteins, including 27 up-regulated proteins and 12 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics tools were used to search for protein ontology, category classifications and prediction of glycosylation sites. In addition, three up-regulated glycoproteins (adiponectin, cerulolasmin and glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol-80) and two down-regulated glycoproteins (cyclin H and Fyn) that were found to be correlated with lung cancer development were validated by Western blot analysis. We suggest that these altered glycoproteins may be useful as biomarkers for lung cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyorot Hongsachart
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Chuang YM, Yu CJ. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Lung Cancer with Pulmonary Embolism. Oncology 2009; 77:100-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000229503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus is a member of the normal flora of the oral cavity and a pathogen of thoracic infection. However, disseminated infection that was identified from different body fluids at the same time has never been reported. We report a 52-year-old man with advanced pulmonary sarcoma who developed neutropenia, bronchopleural fistula and thoracic empyema after chemotherapy. Viridans group Streptococcus was isolated from both empyema and urine, which was confirmed as S. anginosus according to the biochemical reaction profiles and 16S rRNA gene sequencing results. The patient recovered uneventfully after tube drainage and treatment with imipenem. Disseminated S. anginosus infection should be considered as a possible pathogen in immunocompromised patients with empyema and can be rapidly identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Chuang YM, Tseng SP, Teng LJ, Ho YC, Hsueh PR. Emergence of cefotaxime resistance in Citrobacter freundii causing necrotizing fasciitis and osteomyelitis. J Infect 2006; 53:e161-3. [PMID: 16375973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a diabetic patient with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Citrobacter freundii associated with an injury from the fish fin. Two isolates recovered six days after cefotaxime treatment had a cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.12 and 256 mg/L, respectively, and a cefepime MIC of 0.03 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. The two isolates both possessed bla(CMY-2) gene. The patient responded unsatisfactorily to cefotaxime and cefepime therapy and surgical debridement but recovered completely after ertapenem treatment for 42 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Wang CY, Chuang YM, Teng LJ, Lee LN, Yang PC, Kuo SH, Hsueh PR. Bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Neisseria lactamica with reduced susceptibility to penicillin and ciprofloxacin in an adult with liver cirrhosis. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:1151-1152. [PMID: 16849737 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents a case of bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Neisseria lactamica in an adult patient with liver cirrhosis who was successfully treated with ceftriaxone. The isolate was confirmed as N. lactamica by analysis of a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene; it had reduced susceptibilities to penicillin (MIC 0.75 μg ml−1) and ciprofloxacin (MIC ⩾0.5 mg l−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu-Jen Catholic Universtiy, Taipei Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- School of Medical Technology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sow-Hsong Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chao AC, Chern CM, Kuo TB, Chou CH, Chuang YM, Wong WJ, Hu HH. Noninvasive assessment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in patients with carotid stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003; 16:151-7. [PMID: 12792173 DOI: 10.1159/000070595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2002] [Accepted: 10/09/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous limited observations have suggested that atherosclerosis may affect the distensibility of the carotid sinus and then impair the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). No studies have been done to compare the BRS and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with carotid stenosis and normal controls. METHODS A convenience-consecutive sample of 118 patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke 3 months to 1 year before (mean 6 months) who met the study criteria were referred to the neurovascular laboratory of the study hospital. Forty-three age-matched healthy adults were recruited as the normal controls. The inclusion criteria for participation were (1) no diabetes mellitus, (2) no history, symptoms or ECG signs of coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction, and (3) presence of carotid stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. The diagnosis of carotid stenosis was made using color-coded duplex ultrasound with published criteria. We categorized the patients into two groups: group 1 had moderate stenosis (50-75%) and group 2 had high-grade stenosis (75-99%). Instantaneous systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate of all participants were assessed noninvasively using servo-controlled infrared finger plethysmography. The fluctuation in SBP as well as the interpulse interval (IPI) was divided into three components at specific frequency ranges by fast Fourier transform as high frequency (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz), low frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF; 0.004-0.04 Hz). The BRS was expressed as (1) transfer function with its magnitude in the HF and LF ranges, (2) BRS index alpha, and (3) regression coefficient by sequence analysis. The HRV was expressed as total power and power in the three frequency ranges (HF, LF and VLF). RESULTS The final analysis included 99 patients (mean age 72 +/- 6 years, 79 male) and 43 healthy controls (mean age 68 +/- 7 years, 30 male). Forty-three patients were classified as group 1 (stenosis 50-75%) and 56 as group 2 (stenosis 75-99%). There was no significant difference in the IPI between patients and controls (p value = 0.8637). We observed a significant decrease in all three HRV components (VLF, LF and HF) in the patients; however, there were no differences between the two patient groups with various degrees of stenosis. All the indices of BRS, including the magnitude of SBP-IPI transfer function at LF and HF, the computed BRS index alpha and the regression coefficient of sequence analysis, revealed similar results. Patients exhibited a significant reduction in the BRS (p < 0.001) compared with controls, and no difference was found between the two groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study linked significant carotid stenosis to two important autonomic markers (BRS and HRV) that may have prognostic value for patients with cardiovascular events. Further prospective studies are needed to explore whether or not the decreased BRS and HRV can be predictors for poor cardiovascular prognosis, or even for shortened life span in general, in patients with significant carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Chao
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University and Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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23
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Chuang YM, Wu HM. Early recognition of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid stenting--a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:489-94. [PMID: 11842653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hyperperfusion syndrome is a recognized complication of carotid endarterectomy. Reports of cerebral hyperperfusion injury following internal carotid artery angioplasty and stenting are few We report a case of 76-year-old hypertensive man who was admitted to our hospital for assessment 2 years after experiencing an ischemic stroke of right hemisphere. Angiography confirmed 60% stenosis of left internal carotid artery (ICA). Percutaneous transluminal stenting of left internal carotid artery was performed without any immediate complications. Two hours after the procedure, the patient suddenly deteriorated. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed extensive intracerebral hemorrhage and he died 5 days later. There was precipitating migranous headache, and his blood pressure was moderately elevated at the time of deterioration. Sentinel headache could solely indicate the early sign of hyperperfusion injury after carotid stenting, especially in the presence of arterial hypertension. Patients with sentinel headache after angioplasty should be recognized early and they deserve intensive study for other features of cerebral hyperperfusion injury and prompt early management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Chuang
- Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Abstract
Extracts from the mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) were tested to determine the in vitro effect on Leydig cell function. MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells were used to conduct the experiments. Results showed that progesterone production gradually increased as the dosage of combined water and ethanol extracted CS increased, and there was a statistically significant difference in progesterone production stimulated by 20 mg/ml of CS extracts compared to the control. The combined water and ethanol extracted CS significantly stimulated MA-10 cell steroid production at 12 and 24 h of incubation. In addition, a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, did not block the stimulatory effects of CS extracts on MA-10 cell steroid production or total protein expression. Moreover, the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, which is a critical protein for steroidogenesis, stimulated by CS extracts, could not be detected by Western blot analysis. These data indicate that CS extracts might not induce StAR protein and/or other protein expressions to stimulate steroidogenesis in MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Huang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kong University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Abstract
In using the Padgett-Hood dermatome, a scalpel blade can be utilized as a substitute for the calibrator. The thickness of the scalpel blade shows very little discrepancy in comparison with 1/1000 in statistically, so it is better to check the indicator with this method than by empirical sense.
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