[Phase Ⅱ clinical trial of PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma]

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of programmed death 1(PD-1) inhibitory combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled phase Ⅱ trial. Patients recruited from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from July 2021 to February 2023 were randomly divided into two groups in a 1∶1 ratio: the experimental group (Toripalimab combined with albumin paclitaxel and cisplatin) and the control group (albumin paclitaxel and cisplatin); patients in both groups underwent three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy. After completion of neoadjuvant therapy, patients were evaluated and subsequent surgical treatment was performed. According to the completion of treatment, the analysis was conducted on both the full analysis set and the protocol set. The effectiveness and safety of treatments were evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 41 cases with oral cancer were enrolled, including 26 males and 15 females, aged between 34 and 74 years old. There were 23 cases in the experimental group and 18 cases in the control group. A total of 23 cases completed neoadjuvant therapy and surgery according to the protocol. Experimental group and control group showed respectively the complete response rates of 1/19 and 0/17, the partial response rates of 13/19 and 8/17, the stage-down rates of 4/19 and 3/17, the pathologic complete response rate of 8/14 and 2/9, with no statistically significant differences in individual rates between two groups (P>0.05). The major pathological response rate of 13/14 in experimental group was higher than that of 2/9 in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse reactions related to treatment was low in both groups (4/23 vs. 3/18, χ2=0.13, P=0.72), and the most common serious adverse reactions in the experimental group were granulocyte deficiency and electrolyte disorder. There were no adverse reactions that affected subsequent surgical treatment or caused death, and the safety and tolerability were good. The median follow-up time was 15 months, and the one-year disease-free survival rate of the experimental group was higher than that of control group (92.86% vs. 77.78%, χ2=0.62, P=0.42), with a relative decrease of 87% in the risk of disease progression or death (P=0.029). For patients with programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) protein expression combined positive score≥20, the experimental group showed higher major pathological response rate than control group (5/5 vs. 0/4, P=0.03). Conclusion: The neoadjuvant therapy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can improve the pathological remission of oral squamous cell carcinoma and the long-term survival benefits and the prognosis of patients.

[Characteristics of Ozone Concentration in Shanghai and Its Associated Atmospheric Circulation Background During Summer Half-years from 2006 to 2021]

It is of great importance to scientifically evaluate the impact of weather and climate conditions on the occurrence of O3 pollution in order to improve the accuracy of O3 pollution forecasts， as well as to reasonably control and reduce the adverse effects of O3 pollution. The characteristics of O3 concentration and climate background were analyzed based on daily O3 concentration data， meteorological factors， and NCEP/NCER reanalysis data from 2006 to 2021 in Shanghai. In addition， the differences in atmospheric circulation situations during years with anomalous O3 concentrations were compared and diagnosed from the perspective of climatology. Additionally， the monthly O3 concentration prediction model （seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous regressors， SARIMAX） was further established by adding the key meteorological factors. The results indicated that both the whole-year average and summer half-year average O3 concentrations in Shanghai were increasing with fluctuation， and the summer half-year average was much higher than the annual average， up to 36.2%. Furthermore， there was a significant negative correlation between O3 concentration and wind speed （correlation coefficient of -0.826） and a significant positive correlation with the frequency of static wind and the number of days in which the low cloud cover was less than 20% （correlation coefficients of 0.836 and 0.724， respectively）. The monthly mean O3 concentration had a clear periodicity， showing a pattern with a high concentration in the middle period （April to September） and a low concentration at the beginning and end of the periods. High O3 concentration years （2013-2021） were accompanied by more polluted days， lower average wind speed， more small wind （≤1.5 m·s-1） days， more days of low cloud cover of less than 20%， more days of high temperature， higher direct solar radiation， and more sunshine hours. When the location of the stronger West Pacific subtropical high was westward and southward in the summer half-year， Shanghai was influenced by an anomalous westerly wind， which was not conducive to the transportation of clean air from the sea to Shanghai and thus led to the high concentration of O3 pollution. When the long wave radiation emitted from the ground was low in the summer half-year， it was favorable for the increase in ground temperature and caused a high concentration of O3 pollution. Adding direct solar radiation， maximum temperature， and wind speed as exogenous variables to the monthly O3 forecast model could significantly improve the effectiveness of the monthly forecast， with the root mean square error decreasing by 47.7% （from 22 to 11.5） and the correlation coefficient increasing by 11.2% （from 0.819 to 0.911）， which could be applied to the practical prediction of monthly O3 concentration.

[A Comparison Study on Multiple Modeling Approaches for Air Pollutant Geographic Model Development in Shanghai]

Geostatistical models have been widely used in the exposure assessment of ambient air pollutants. However, few studies have focused on comparisons of modeling approaches and their prediction results. Here, we collected the NO2 and PM2.5 monitoring data from 55 sites in Shanghai from 2016 to 2019 and the geographic variables, such as road network, points of interest of emission locations, and satellite data were included. We used partial least squares regression (PLS), supervised linear regression (SLR), and random forest (RF) algorithms to develop spatial models and used ordinary kriging (OK) to develop a two-step model. We evaluated the models using a 5-fold cross validation method and selected the best model structure for each modeling approach between one-or two-step models that had been developed with or without OK. The results revealed that the best NO2 models were the RF-OK (Rmse2 was 0.70-0.82) and PLS-OK (Rmse2 was 0.78-0.84) models; the PLS model for PM2.5(Rmse2 was 0.62-0.71) outperformed the other PM2.5 models. We used the best models to predict annual exposures in Shanghai at a 1 km spatial scale and conducted the correlation analysis among the predictions of the best models. The results demonstrated that the NO2 predictions had higher correlation coefficients (r was 0.82-0.91) compared with those of the PM2.5 models (r was 0.66-0.96). Based on the exposure results predicted using the three models in 2019, we evaluated the cumulative population exposure concentrations for NO2 and PM2.5 in Shanghai.

[News report of People's Daily (1949-1979) for TCM practitioners:Changes in the status of TCM groups]

The construction and analysis of the topic of traditional Chinese medicine is an important social and cultural landscape since the founding of New China, and media for party afairs is an important field for this process. Authoritative media such as People's Daily expressed respect to TCM practitioners, reflected the national system, urban-rural relations, cultural concepts, etc. behind the development of TCM, and clarified the determination and confidence of the Party and the country to adhere to the development of TCM through its content,specific situations and line of reasoning logic.

Study on Tungsten Metallization and Interfacial Bonding of Silicon Nitride High-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic Substrates

For the first time, Si₃N₄ HTCC has been prepared using W as the metal phase by high-temperature co-firing (1830 °C/600 KPa/2 h) as a potential substrate candidate in electronic applications. It was discovered that the addition of Si₃N₄ to the W paste has a significant impact on thermal expansion coefficient matching and dissolution wetting. As the Si₃N₄ content increased from 0 to 27.23 vol%, the adhesion strength of W increased continuously from 2.83 kgf/mm² to 7.04 kgf/mm². The interfacial bonding of the Si₃N₄ ceramic and the conduction layer was discussed. SEM analysis confirmed that the interface between Si₃N₄ and W exhibited an interlocking structure. TEM, HRTEM and XRD indicated the formation of W₂C and W₅Si₃ due to the interface reactions of W with residual carbon and Si₃N₄, respectively, which contributed to the reactive wetting and good adhesion strength between the interface. Suitable amounts of Si₃N₄ powder and great interfacial bonding were the main reasons for the tough interfacial matching between the Si₃N₄ ceramic and the conduction layer.

[The "jīvanīya class of herbs" (Shi Tian Yao) in the Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben)]

The Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben) is a Sanskrit document unearthed in Xinjiang in the 19th century. The ten drugs, which tasted sweet, and used widely were named as the "jīvanīya class of herbs" (Shi Tian Yao) in this document . It was found that "jīvanīya" tasted sweet, felt cold and was often used in tonic decoction for relieving serious vāta (Feng), with references to the ancient medical book Ayurveda and the modern Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia. "Jīvanīya" was constructed with different dossage forms, such as butter, oil, enema, ointment. It can treat some diseases of consumption of the lungs, epilepsy, consumptive diseases and fever of children in Bower Manuscript (Bao Wei Er Xie Ben). The theories of "jīvanīya" came from Ayurveda. Compared with the theories of traditional Chinese Medicine, the theory that "jīvanīya" can treat consumptive diseases appears similar to the theories in Su Wen about "Feng Xiao". The theories of Traditional Indian medicine and Chinese medicine appear resemblant, such as the commonalities in terms of using sweet tonics with liquorice and Fritillaria cirrhosa to treat comsumptive diseases.

[Changes and Potential Sources of Atmospheric Black Carbon Concentration in Shanghai over the Past 40 Years Based on MERRA-2 Reanalysis Data]

As an important component of atmospheric aerosols, black carbon (BC) has a great influence on the regional and global radiation balance, climate, and human health due to its small particle size, large specific surface area, and radiative forcing potential. Here, the spatio-temporal characteristics of atmospheric BC were investigated based on modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data and ground observation data during 1980-2019 in Shanghai, a highly urbanized city in mainland China. The influences of local emissions and regional transmission on regional-scale BC concentrations were examined using the M-K trend test, backward trajectory analysis, and the potential source contribution function (PSCF). The results showed that:① MERRA-2 BC and ground observation datasets showed good consistency (R∈[0.68, 0.72]), indicating that MERRA-2 reanalysis data can be used to reveal long-term changes in ground-level atmospheric BC concentrations; ② Atmospheric BC concentrations in Shanghai over the past 40 years can be divided into three stages:a "low value" stage of slow growth[1980-1986, (1.75±0.17) μg·m^-3], a relatively stable "median value" stage[1987-1999, (2.18 ±0.07) μg·m^-3], and a fluctuating "high value" stage[2000-2019, (3.07±0.31) μg·m^-3]. Seasonally, Shanghai's BC concentrations generally show a "U" pattern with low concentrations in summer and high concentrations in winter. As a result of black carbon emissions from marine diesel engines and other engines used for water transportation, a small peak also occurs in July; ③ The diagnostic quality ratio of air pollutants and the bivariate correlation analysis[R(BC-NO₂)>R(BC-CO)>R(BC-SO₂)] indicated that traffic emissions were the main sources of atmospheric BC in Shanghai, especially by heavy diesel vehicles; ④ The backward trajectory and PSCF analyses found that the air mass of Shanghai in summer was dominated by a clean sea breeze, accounting for 77.18%. In contrast, during the other seasons, more than 50% of the air mass came from the north. The potential source regions of atmospheric BC in Shanghai are mainly distributed in eastern China, expanding outwards and centering on the Yangtze River Delta, and the expansion direction is consistent with the directions of the backward trajectories.

[Characteristics of Aerosol Particulate Concentrations and Their Climate Background in Shanghai During 2007-2016]

We use daily aerosol particulate matter<10 μm (PM₁₀) concentration data from 2006 to 2016 in Shanghai along with meteorological elements (wind and temperature), atmospheric stability, temperature inversion, and upper atmosphere circulation data, to analyze the variation characteristics of the PM₁₀ concentrations and differences of the winter climate background. We establish a multivariate linear stepwise regression equation, and also compare and analyze differences in the upper atmospheric circulation by selecting the years with the highest and lowest PM₁₀ concentrations. The results showed an oscillating downward trend in the annual average concentrations of PM₁₀ in Shanghai, whereas seasonally, PM₁₀ concentrations were relatively high in winter and showed two peaks with a low in between. PM₁₀ concentrations were negatively correlated with the daily average wind speed and the daily mixing layer height at 20:00, and positively correlated with the frequency of northwest wind, the mean daily temperature, and the frequency of stable weathers and thermal inversion at 20:00. When the 500 hPa height field in the northern part of China was a positive anomaly in winter, a warm winter prevailed and led to high PM₁₀ concentrations. When the 500 hPa height field was a negative anomaly, cold air frequently moved southward to result in relatively low temperatures, which caused relatively low PM₁₀ concentrations. When the wind field at 850 hPa was easterly, the wind speed was relatively large and resulted in relatively low PM₁₀ concentrations.

[First Long-Term Study of Atmospheric New Particle Formation in the Suburb of Shanghai from 2015 to 2017]

In this study, long-term continuous monitoring of atmospheric new particle formation was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in the Shanghai suburbs using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Combined with meteorological parameters, gaseous pollutants, and PM_2.5 chemical composition data, the characterization of new particle formation was analyzed. The results of data analysis showed there were 172 new particle formation (NPF) days in the Shanghai suburbs, accounting for 18.3% of the total effective days (942 d). Typical new particle formation days (Event) and new particle growth-shrinkage (Shrinkage) days were 150 d and 32 d, respectively. The frequency of NPF occurrence was the highest in spring and summer, followed by autumn and winter. Compared with non-new particle formation (Non-NPF) days, Event and Shrinkage days had higher temperature and wind speed, lower humidity, less rainfall, and stronger solar radiation. The ratio of Event days was the highest when the prevailing wind was southerly, southwesterly, or westerly, and when the air masses were mainly from the vegetation cover and agricultural planting areas in the Taihu Lake Basin. The prevailing wind directions for Non-NPF and Shrinkage days were northeasterly and easterly to southeasterly. On the Event days, SO₂ and O₃ were higher than that on the Non-NPF days, indicating gaseous sulfuric acid and photochemical reactions were key contributors to new particle formation. Higher PM₁₀ concentration was detected on the Event days than on the Non-NPF days, which may be attributed to the photocatalytic reaction. All the pollutant concentrations were the lowest on Shrinkage days, except that of O₃. The average concentrations of inorganic components of PM_2.5, such as NH₄⁺, SO₄^2-, and NO₃^- were higher on Event than on Non-NPF days in fall, whereas the opposite results were observed in other seasons. The average concentration of organic carbon on Event days was higher than that on Non-NPF days in each season. The concentrations of PM_2.5 components on Shrinkage days were the lowest. However, the ratio of organic carbon on Shrinkage days was higher than that on Non-NPF days in spring, summer, and winter. The higher ratio of organic carbon on the NPF days than on the Non-NPF days suggested an important role of organic matter in the formation and growth of new particles in the suburbs of Shanghai.

[Intertumoral heterogeneity of molecular phenotype and analysis of prognosis in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer]

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the prognostic implications of the intertumoral heterogeneity of molecular phenotype in multifocal and multicentric breast cancer (MMBC). Methods: The clinical and follow-up data of 146 patients with MMBC from Jan.2009 to Dec. 2009 treated in Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. We used Kaplan-Meier curves to compare the survivals of patients who had tumors with molecular phenotypic heterogeneity and patients who had multifocal homogeneous tumors in molecular phenotype, and the survivals of patients who had heterogeneous tumor type and grade and who had homogeneous tumor type and grade.The corresponding hazard ratio was calculated by Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results: Intertumoral heterogeneity in histological type and grade of multiple breast cancer was detected in 16 of 146 patients (11.0%) and in 10 of 146 patients (6.8%), respectively. Interfocal heterogeneous molecular phenotype of multiple breast cancer was detected in 24 of 146 patients (16.4%). There was no significant difference in 5-year disease-free survival in multifocal cancer patients who had heterogeneous histological type and grade and who had homogeneous type and grade tumors (75.0% vs. 77.3%, P=0.808). Multifocal cancers patients who had heterogeneous tumorsin molecular phenotype compared with those with homogeneous tumors in molecular phenotype had worse 5-year disease-specific survival (78.7% vs. 58.3%, P=0.037), and had a greater risk of recurrence (HR=2.130, 95%CI=1.027-4.420; P=0.042). Phenotyping the additional cancer foci influenced the therapeutic decision in up to 16 patients(11.0%). Conclusions: Multifocal breast cancer patients who had heterogeneous tumors in molecular phenotype have a statistically significantly shorter disease-free survival. Phenotyping the additional cancer foci and managing with proper therapeutic decision may reduce the risk of recurrence or metastasis, and improve the outcomes of the patients.

[Characteristics of ambient VOCs and their role in O3 formation: a typical air pollution episode in Shanghai urban area]

The concentration, speciation and chemical reactivity of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shanghai city were analyzed and measured by using online gas chromatography with flame ionization detection systems (GC-FID) during a typical air pollution episode (from Oct. 30th to Nov. 2nd, 2010) and 55 kinds of VOCs were detected. The results show that averaged concentrations of VOCs was 27 x 10(-9) before the episode, and then dramatically increased by 3 times (87 x 10(-9)) in the episode than the former, the main components were alkanes (35.2 x 10(-9)), aromatics (30.0 x 10(-9)), alkenes (21.6 x 10(-9)). Furthermore, the maximum ozone formation potential (PhiOFP) is analyzed and showed that PhiOFP (in the episode) > PhiOFP (after the episode) PhiOFP (before the episode). Before the episode, the percent of PhiOFP for aromatics 53.0% , alkenes 36. 1% and alkanes 11.7%; in the episode, the percent of PhiOFP for aromatics 54.7%, alkenes 36.7% and alkanes 9.8%; after the episode, the percent of PhiOFP for alkenes 52.7%, aromatics 36.0% and alkanes 13.2%. Alkenes (C2-C4) and aromatics (C6-C8) are the main components for the ozone formation, namely toluene, m,p-xylene, 1,3-butadiene, propene, ethene et al. In addition, the relationship is negative and nonlinear between the O3 and PhiOFP. And efficiencies of PhiOFP formed into O3 are below 20. 0% in different stage of episode. This is very important and meaningful for the quantitative evaluate the influence of VOCs towards O3.

[Correlation analysis between the PM2.5, PM10 which were taken in the hazy day and the number of outpatient about breathing sections, breathing sections of pediatrics in Shanghai]

In order to explore the correlation between the concentration of PM10, PM2.5 which were taken during the day of haze pollution and the average number of outpatient service, pediatrics. Based on the date with the number of pediatric outpatient and the concentration of PM2.5, PM10 which were taken form the haze days on 1 January 2009 - December 31 in 6 hospital in shanghai such as xinhuan hospital, we analyzed the data and executed the risk evaluation. The results showed that: in the haze day, when the average concentration of PM10 increase 50 microg/m3, the average number of the outpatient service and pediatric clinic increased 3% and 0.5%, when the average concentration of PM2.5 increase 34 microg/m3, the average number of the outpatient service and pediatric clinic increased 1.9% and 3.2%, Also, the pollution of PM10 and PM2.5 has a larger cumulative effects on the number of outpatient service. And the accumulation effect will be To maximize after 6 days behind the haze pollution. Thus, PM2.5, PM10 which were taken during the haze of pollution in shanghai, has certain influence on the average number of outpatient service, pediatric clinic.

[Investigation of the bioadhesion of carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose to rat gastrointestinal mucosa in vivo and in vitro]

AIM

To investigate bioadhesion of carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of different viscosity grade to rat gastrointestinal mucosa.

METHODS

The maximum adhesion force has been adopted as an index of adhesive evaluation in vitro, gastro-emptying rate and migrating length in intestine have been adopted as an index of adhesive evaluation in vivo.

RESULTS

In vitro adhesion studies indicated that the adhesive force of low-vicosity materials was stronger than that of high-vicosity materials, while the transferation rate of high-vicosity materials is significantly higher compared to that of low-vicosity materials in vivo.

CONCLUSION

Adhesive force of materials gives no correlation with rate of the materials in rat; Cb934 have the optium bioadhesion among the studied materials and can be used as the preferred adjuvant in oral bioadhesion preparation.