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Reynolds ER, Rhinehart E, Kang YY. SfN 2023 Report: It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year JUNE and FUN Faculty Awards. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2023; 22:E1-E3. [PMID: 38322400 PMCID: PMC10768821 DOI: 10.59390/sbmg5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Reynolds ER, E, Kang YY
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Reynolds
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042
| | - Erin Rhinehart
- Biology Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870
| | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Natural Sciences Department, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston TX77002
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Rhinehart E, Kang YY, Illig KR. The 2022 Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience Faculty Awards. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2023; 21:E10-E12. [PMID: 37588642 PMCID: PMC10426823 DOI: 10.59390/jpoe3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Rhinehart
- Biology Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870
| | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Natural Sciences Department, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston TX77002
| | - Kurt R Illig
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, Saint Paul, MN 55105
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Basu AC, Kang YY, Leussis MP, Chan J. Convening the Undergraduate Neuroscience Education Community in a Period of Rapid Change: Insights from the FUN 2020 Summer Virtual Meeting. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2022; 20:E25-E28. [PMID: 38323047 PMCID: PMC10653248 DOI: 10.59390/tpqz7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alo C. Basu
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, College of the Holy Cross
| | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown
| | | | - Jason Chan
- Department of Biology, Marian University
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Neuwirth LS, Quadros-Mennella PS, Kang YY, Linden ML, Nahmani M, Abrams M, Leussis MP, Illig KR. Revisiting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Commitments and Instituting Lasting Actionable Changes in the Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2021; 20:E1-E3. [PMID: 35540951 PMCID: PMC9053422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S. Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | | | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Monica L. Linden
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02038, USA
| | - Marc Nahmani
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402
| | - Mathew Abrams
- INCF Secretariat, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Melanie P. Leussis
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kurt R. Illig
- Department of Biology & Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN 55105
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Kang YY, Li JJ, Sun JX, Wei JX, Ding C, Shi CL, Wu G, Li K, Ma YF, Sun Y, Qiao H. Genome-wide scanning for CHD1L gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2536-2547. [PMID: 34245428 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most common subtype of thyroid cancer (TC). This study was set out to explore the potential effect of CHD1L on PTC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We searched for T2DM susceptibility genes through the GWAS database and obtained T2DM-related differentially expressed gene from the GEO database. The expression and clinical data of TC and normal samples were collated from the TCGA database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was subsequently applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the CHD1L for the diagnosis of PTC. The MCP-counter package in R language was then utilized to generate immune cell score to evaluate the relationship between CHD1L expression and immune cells. Then, we performed functional enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and DEGs to determine significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG to predict the potential functions of CHD1L in PTC samples and T2DM adipose tissue. RESULTS From two genes (ABCB9, CHD1L) were identified to be DEGs (p < 1 * 10-5) that exerted effects on survival (HR > 1, p < 0.05) in PTC and served as T2DM susceptibility genes. The gene expression matrix-based scoring of immunocytes suggested that PTC samples with high and low CHD1L expression presented with significant differences in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The enrichment analysis of CHD1L co-expressed genes and DEGs suggested that CHD1L was involved in multiple pathways to regulate the development of PTC. Among them, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, salmonella infection and TNF signaling pathways were highlighted as the three most relevant pathways. GSEA analysis, employed to analyze the genome dataset of PTC samples and T2DM adipose tissue presenting with high and low expression groups of CHD1L, suggests that these differential genes are related to chemokine signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration and TCELL receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CHD1L may potentially serve as an early diagnostic biomarker for PTC, and a target of immunotherapy for PTC and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J X Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - J X Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - C Ding
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - C L Shi
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - G Wu
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - K Li
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y F Ma
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Sun
- Departments of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - H Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Kang YY, Wachi Y, Engdorf E, Fumagalli E, Wang Y, Myers J, Massey S, Greiss A, Xu S, Roman G. Normal Ethanol Sensitivity and Rapid Tolerance Require the G Protein Receptor Kinase 2 in Ellipsoid Body Neurons in Drosophila. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1686-1699. [PMID: 32573992 PMCID: PMC7485117 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein signaling pathways are key neuromodulatory mechanisms for behaviors and neurological functions that affect the impact of ethanol (EtOH) on locomotion, arousal, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we report a novel role for the Drosophila G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GPRK2) as a member of the GRK4/5/6 subfamily in modulating EtOH-induced behaviors. METHODS We studied the requirement of Drosophila Gprk2 for naïve sensitivity to EtOH sedation and ability of the fly to develop rapid tolerance after a single exposure to EtOH, using the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and fly group activity monitor (FlyGrAM) assays. RESULTS Loss-of-function Gprk2 mutants demonstrate an increase in alcohol-induced hyperactivity, reduced sensitivity to the sedative effects of EtOH, and diminished rapid tolerance after a single intoxicating exposure. The requirement for Gprk2 in EtOH sedation and rapid tolerance maps to ellipsoid body neurons within the Drosophila brain, suggesting that wild-type Gprk2 is required for modulation of locomotion and alertness. However, even though Gprk2 loss of function leads to decreased and fragmented sleep, this change in the sleep state does not depend on Gprk2 expression in the ellipsoid body. CONCLUSION Our work on GPRK2 has established a role for this GRK4/5/6 subfamily member in EtOH sensitivity and rapid tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shiyu Xu
- University of HoustonHoustonTexas
| | - Gregg Roman
- University of MississippiUniversityMississippi
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7
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Baird AB, McCarthy TJ, Trujillo RG, Kang YY, Esmaeiliyan M, Valdez J, Woodman N, Bickham JW. Molecular systematics and biodiversity of the Cryptotis mexicanus group (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): two new species from Honduras supported. SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1333539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy B. Baird
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston – Downtown, 1 Main St., Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Timothy J. McCarthy
- Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206-3783, USA
| | - Robert G. Trujillo
- United States Forest Service, 1720 Peachtree Rd NW, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston – Downtown, 1 Main St., Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Mehdi Esmaeiliyan
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston – Downtown, 1 Main St., Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Joselyn Valdez
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston – Downtown, 1 Main St., Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Neal Woodman
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA
| | - John W. Bickham
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Zheng WY, Kang YY, Li LF, Xu YX, Ma XY. Levels of effectiveness of gene therapies targeting survivin and its splice variants in human breast cancer cells. Drug Discov Ther 2012; 5:293-8. [PMID: 22466440 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.6.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop an effective strategy of breast cancer therapy targeting survivin and its splice variants survivin-ΔEx3 and survivin-2B, the present study constructed four expression vectors by fusing the survivin antisense gene, the survivin (T34A) gene, the survivin-ΔEx3 antisense gene, and the survivin-2B gene with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene. Each of these vectors was transiently transfected into the B-Cap-37 human breast cancer cell line. The effects of these four vectors with diverse genes on the proliferation and apoptosis of B-Cap-37 breast cancer cells were examined and compared in vitro using MTT and flow cytometry assays. Results of the MTT assay indicated that all four gene therapy plasmids were most effective at inhibiting the proliferation of B-Cap-37 cells 72 h after transfection. However, the four gene therapies had different rates of cell inhibition. pcDNA3.1(+)-egfp-anti-survivin and pcDNA3.1(+)-survivin (T34A)-egfp had almost equivalent or better effectiveness at suppressing cell growth. pcDNA3.1(+)-egfp-anti-survivin-ΔEx3 moderately inhibited the growth of B-Cap-37 cells. In contrast, pcDNA3.1(+)-survivin-2B-egfp had limited inhibition of cell growth. Similar profile of effectiveness of four gene therapies in soliciting cell apoptosis was also observed. These results suggest the relative importance of targeting survivin and its splice variant survivin-ΔEx3 in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Soibam B, Mann M, Liu L, Tran J, Lobaina M, Kang YY, Gunaratne GH, Pletcher S, Roman G. Open-field arena boundary is a primary object of exploration for Drosophila. Brain Behav 2012; 2:97-108. [PMID: 22574279 PMCID: PMC3345355 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila adults, when placed into a novel open-field arena, initially exhibit an elevated level of activity followed by a reduced stable level of spontaneous activity and spend a majority of time near the arena edge, executing motions along the walls. In order to determine the environmental features that are responsible for the initial high activity and wall-following behavior exhibited during exploration, we examined wild-type and visually impaired mutants in arenas with different vertical surfaces. These experiments support the conclusion that the wall-following behavior of Drosophila is best characterized by a preference for the arena boundary, and not thigmotaxis or centrophobicity. In circular arenas, Drosophila mostly move in trajectories with low turn angles. Since the boundary preference could derive from highly linear trajectories, we further developed a simulation program to model the effects of turn angle on the boundary preference. In an hourglass-shaped arena with convex-angled walls that forced a straight versus wall-following choice, the simulation with constrained turn angles predicted general movement across a central gap, whereas Drosophila tend to follow the wall. Hence, low turn angled movement does not drive the boundary preference. Lastly, visually impaired Drosophila demonstrate a defect in attenuation of the elevated initial activity. Interestingly, the visually impaired w(1118) activity decay defect can be rescued by increasing the contrast of the arena's edge, suggesting that the activity decay relies on visual detection of the boundary. The arena boundary is, therefore, a primary object of exploration for Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
| | - Monica Mann
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
| | - Jessica Tran
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
| | - Milena Lobaina
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston DowntownHouston, Texas 77002
| | - Yuan Yuan Kang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston DowntownHouston, Texas 77002
| | | | - Scott Pletcher
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 49108
| | - Gregg Roman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
- Biology of Behavior Institute, University of HoustonHouston, Texas 77204
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Adachi Y, Hauck B, Clements J, Kawauchi H, Kurusu M, Totani Y, Kang YY, Eggert T, Walldorf U, Furukubo-Tokunaga K, Callaerts P. Conserved cis-regulatory modules mediate complex neural expression patterns of the eyeless gene in the Drosophila brain. Mech Dev 2003; 120:1113-26. [PMID: 14568101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Pax-6 homologs eyeless (ey) and twin of eyeless (toy) are expressed in the eyes and in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to the pivotal functions in eye development, previous studies revealed that ey also plays important roles in axonal development of the mushroom bodies, centers for associative learning and memory. It has been reported that a second intron enhancer that contains several Pax-6 binding sites mainly controls the eye-specific expression, but the DNA sequences that control CNS expression are unknown. In this work, we have dissected transcriptional enhancer elements of the ey gene that are required for the CNS expression in various developmental stages. We first show that CNS expression is independent of the eye-specific enhancer of the second intron. By systematic reporter studies, we have identified several discrete DNA elements in the 5' upstream region and in the second intron that cooperatively interact to generate most of the ey expression pattern in the CNS. DNA sequence comparison between the ey genes of distant Drosophila species has identified conserved modules that might be bound by the upstream regulatory factors of the ey gene in CNS development. Furthermore, by RNA interference and mutant studies, we show that ey expression in the brain is independent of the activity of toy and ey itself whereas in the eye primordia it requires both, supporting the notion that ey and toy are regulated by parallel and independent regulatory cascades in brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Adachi
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Hartmann B, Lee PN, Kang YY, Tomarev S, de Couet HG, Callaerts P. Pax6 in the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes: evidence for a role in eye, sensory organ and brain development. Mech Dev 2003; 120:177-83. [PMID: 12559490 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cloning of a Pax6 orthologue from the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and its developmental expression pattern are described. The data are consistent with the presence of a single gene encoding a protein with highly conserved DNA-binding paired and homeodomains. A detailed expression analysis by in situ hybridization and immunodetection revealed Pax6 mRNA and protein with predominantly nuclear localization in the developing eye, olfactory organ, brain lobes (optic lobe, olfactory lobe, peduncle lobe, superior frontal lobe and dorsal basal lobe), arms and mantle, suggestive of a role in eye, brain, and sensory organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hartmann
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA
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Sun H, Merugu S, Gu X, Kang YY, Dickinson DP, Callaerts P, Li WH. Identification of essential amino acid changes in paired domain evolution using a novel combination of evolutionary analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 19:1490-500. [PMID: 12200477 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pax genes are defined by the presence of a paired box that encodes a DNA-binding domain of 128 amino acids. They are involved in the development of the central nervous system, organogenesis, and oncogenesis. The known Pax genes are divided into five groups within two supergroups. By means of a novel combination of evolutionary analysis, in vitro binding assays and in vivo functional analyses, we have identified the key residues that determine the differing DNA-binding properties of the two supergroups and of the Pax-2, 5, 8 and Pax-6 subgroups within supergroup I. The differences in binding properties between the two supergroups are largely caused by amino acid changes at residues 20 and 121 of the paired domain. Although the paired domains of the Pax-2, 5, 8 and the Pax-6 group differ by >19 amino acids, their distinct DNA-binding properties are determined almost completely by a single amino acid change. Thus, a small number of amino acid changes can account in large part for the divergence in binding properties among the known paired domains. Our approach for selecting candidate sites responsible for the functional divergence between genes should also be useful for studying other gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Sun
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas-Houston, USA
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Kim JA, Kang YY, Lee YS. Activation of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-)-cotransport mediates intracellular Ca(2+) increase and apoptosis induced by Pinacidil in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:511-9. [PMID: 11181077 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-)-cotransport (NKCC) in apoptosis of HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells was investigated. Pinacidil (Pin), an activator of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels, induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Pin increased intracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)](i)). Bumetanide and furosemide, NKCC inhibitors, significantly inhibited the Pin-induced increased [K(+)](i) and apoptosis, whereas K(ATP) inhibitors (glibenclamide and tolbutamide) had no effects. The Pin-induced [K(+)](i) increase was significantly prevented by reducing extracellular Cl(-) concentration, and Pin also increased intracellular Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)](i)), further indicating that these effects of Pin may be due to NKCC activation. In addition, Pin induced a rapid and sustained increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which was completely prevented by the NKCC inhibitors. Treatment with EGTA or BAPTA/AM markedly inhibited the Pin-induced apoptosis. Inhibitors of Na(+), Ca(2+)-exchanger, bepridil, and benzamil significantly prevented both [Ca(2+)](i) increase and apoptosis induced by Pin. Taken together, these results suggest that Pin increases [Na(+)](i) through NKCC activation, which leads to stimulation of reverse-mode of Na(+), Ca(2+) exchanger, resulting in [Ca(2+)](i) increase, and in turn, apoptosis. These results further suggest that NKCC may be a good target for induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan 712-749, Korea
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14
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Callaerts P, Leng S, Clements J, Benassayag C, Cribbs D, Kang YY, Walldorf U, Fischbach KF, Strauss R. Drosophila Pax-6/eyeless is essential for normal adult brain structure and function. J Neurobiol 2001; 46:73-88. [PMID: 11153010 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4695(20010205)46:2<73::aid-neu10>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A role for the Pax-6 homologue eyeless in adult Drosophila brain development and function is described. eyeless expression is detected in neurons, but not glial cells, of the mushroom bodies, the medullar cortex, the lateral horn, and the pars intercerebralis. Furthermore, severe defects in adult brain structures essential for vision, olfaction, and for the coordination of locomotion are provoked by two newly isolated mutations of Pax-6/eyeless that result in truncated proteins. Consistent with the morphological lesions, we observe defective walking behavior for these eyeless mutants. The implications of these data for understanding postembryonic brain development and function in Drosophila are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Callaerts
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5513, USA.
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