1
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Turcu AF, Tezuka Y, Lim JS, Salman Z, Sehgal K, Liu H, Larose S, Parksook WW, Williams TA, Cohen DL, Wachtel H, Zhang J, Dorwal P, Satoh F, Yang J, Lacroix A, Reincke M, Giordano T, Udager A, Vaidya A, Rainey WE. Multifocal, Asymmetric Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism Cannot be Excluded by Strong Adrenal Vein Sampling Lateralization: An International Retrospective Cohort Study. Hypertension 2024; 81:604-613. [PMID: 38174562 PMCID: PMC10922262 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aldosteronism (PA) has been broadly dichotomized into unilateral and bilateral forms. Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) lateralization indices (LI) ≥2 to 4 are the standard-of-care to recommend unilateral adrenalectomy for presumed unilateral PA. We aimed to assess the rates and characteristics of residual PA after AVS-guided adrenalectomy. METHODS We conducted an international, retrospective, cohort study of patients with PA from 7 referral centers who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy based on LI≥4 on baseline and/or cosyntropin-stimulated AVS. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing were performed on available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adrenal tissue. RESULTS The cohort included 283 patients who underwent AVS-guided adrenalectomy, followed for a median of 326 days postoperatively. Lack of PA cure was observed in 16% of consecutive patients, and in 22 patients with lateralized PA on both baseline and cosyntropin-stimulated AVS. Among patients with residual PA postoperatively, 73% had multiple CYP11B2 positive areas within the resected adrenal tissue (versus 23% in those cured), wherein CACNA1D mutations were most prevalent (63% versus 33% in those cured). In adjusted regression models, independent predictors of postoperative residual PA included Black versus White race (odds ratio, 5.10 [95% CI, 1.45-17.86]), AVS lateralization only at baseline (odds ratio, 8.93 [95% CI 3.00-26.32] versus both at baseline and after cosyntropin stimulation), and CT-AVS disagreement (odds ratio, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.20-6.31]). CONCLUSIONS Multifocal, asymmetrical bilateral PA is relatively common, and it cannot be excluded by robust AVS lateralization. Long-term postoperative monitoring should be routinely pursued, to identify residual PA and afford timely initiation of targeted medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina F. Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yuta Tezuka
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jung Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Zara Salman
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kartik Sehgal
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haiping Liu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Stéphanie Larose
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wasita Warachit Parksook
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracy Ann Williams
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pranav Dorwal
- Department of Pathology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fumitoshi Satoh
- Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Yang
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Tom Giordano
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Aaron Udager
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Anand Vaidya
- Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William E. Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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2
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Dogra P, Šambula L, Saini J, Thangamuthu K, Athimulam S, Delivanis DA, Baikousi DA, Nathani R, Zhang CD, Genere N, Salman Z, Turcu AF, Ambroziak U, Garcia RG, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, Singh S, LeBrasseur NK, Kastelan D, Bancos I. High prevalence of frailty in patients with adrenal adenomas and adrenocortical hormone excess: a cross-sectional multi-centre study with prospective enrolment. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:318-326. [PMID: 37590964 PMCID: PMC10479159 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frailty, characterized by multi-system decline, increases vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and can be measured using Frailty Index (FI). We aimed to assess the prevalence of frailty in patients with adrenal disorders (based on hormonal sub-type) and examine association between FI and performance-based measures of physical function. DESIGN Multi-centre, cross-sectional study (March 2019-August 2022). METHODS Adult patients with adrenal disorders (non-functioning adrenal adenomas [NFA], mild autonomous cortisol secretion [MACS], Cushing syndrome [CS], primary aldosteronism [PA]) and referent subjects without adrenal disorders completed a questionnaire encompassing 47 health variables (comorbidities, symptoms, daily living activities). FI was calculated as the average score of all variables and frailty defined as FI ≥ 0.25. Physical function was assessed with hand grip, timed up-and-go test, chair rising test, 6-minute walk test, and gait speed. RESULTS Compared to referent subjects (n = 89), patients with adrenal disorders (n = 520) showed increased age, sex, and body mass index-adjusted prevalence of frailty (CS [odds ratio-OR 19.2, 95% confidence interval-CI 6.7-70], MACS [OR 12.5, 95% CI 4.8-42.9], PA [OR 8.4, 95% CI 2.9-30.4], NFA [OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.7-15.9]). Prevalence of frailty was similar to referent subjects when post-dexamethasone cortisol was <28 nmol/L and was higher when post-dexamethasone cortisol was 28-50 nmol/L (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.7-16.5). FI correlated with all measures of physical function (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Whilst frailty prevalence was highest in patients with adrenocortical hormone excess, even patients with NFA demonstrated an increased prevalence compared to the referent population. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the impact of various management strategies on frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Dogra
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Lana Šambula
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Koprivnica, Zeljka Selingera 1, 48000, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Jasmine Saini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Karthik Thangamuthu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Shobana Athimulam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Danae A Delivanis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Dimitra A Baikousi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, 45 Ipsilantou Street, Athens 106 76, Greece
| | - Rohit Nathani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Department of Interna Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Catherine D Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53210, United States
| | - Natalia Genere
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Zara Salman
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Adina F Turcu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Urszula Ambroziak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raul G Garcia
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sumitabh Singh
- Department of Interna Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Darko Kastelan
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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3
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Giordano T, Konzen S, Rainey W, Salman Z, Tezuka Y, Udager A, Turcu AF. OR20-2 Bilateral Primary Aldosteronism Is Not Excluded by High Adrenal Vein Sampling Lateralization Indices. J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9629361 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary aldosteronism (PA) is broadly divided into unilateral and bilateral forms, and the most reliable subtyping tool available is adrenal vein sampling (AVS). Unilateral PA is generally diagnosed based on AVS lateralization indices (LI=[aldosterone/cortisol] ratio between the dominant and contralateral adrenal vein) ≥4, or even ≥2 when AVS is performed without cosyntopin stimulation. Long-term follow-up data from patients with PA treated with unilateral adrenalectomy have been minimal. Objective To assess the rates of residual and recurrent PA after AVS-guided unilateral adrenalectomy. Methods We enrolled patients with PA who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy between 09/2017 and 08/2021 in a single tertiary referral center and followed them longitudinally. Demographics, laboratory, imaging, and pathology data were collected. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing were performed on available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded adrenal tissue blocks. Results During the study period, 80 patients (52 men) with median age 53 (range, 19-76) years underwent unilateral adenectomy, and were followed for a median 80 days (range, 6-653 days). In total 14 (17.5%) patients had evidence of residual PA following surgery, including 3 who had complete biochemical failure, and 1 who had apparent cure of PA immediately post-operatively. All 14 patients had severe PA, with baseline plasma aldosterone concentrations between 23.4 and 496 ng/dL and suppressed renin. Baseline and post-cosyntropin stimulation LIs ranged from 2.7- 187.5 and 1.3-53.7. The LI was >4 only at baseline in 3 cases, and only after cosyntropin stimulation in 2 cases. Histology showed single adenomas, ranging from 0.7-5.3 cm in 7 (50%) patients, and multiple adenomas and/or nodular hyperplasia in 7 (50%) patients. Of the 7 cases analyzed for aldosterone-driver mutations so far, 4 harbored CACNA1D mutations, 2 ATP1A1 mutations, and 1 a KCNJ5 mutation. Conclusions Patients with severe PA and frank AVS aldosterone lateralization might have multifocal, bilateral disease. Long-term follow up and targeted medical therapy should be pursued after unilateral adrenalectomy for presumed unilateral PA. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 11:15 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.
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4
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Ohayon B, Janka G, Cortinovis I, Burkley Z, Borges LDS, Depero E, Golovizin A, Ni X, Salman Z, Suter A, Vigo C, Prokscha T, Crivelli P. Precision Measurement of the Lamb Shift in Muonium. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:011802. [PMID: 35061492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.011802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a new measurement of the n=2 Lamb shift in Muonium. Our result of 1047.2(2.3)_{stat}(1.1)_{syst} MHz comprises an order of magnitude improvement upon the previous best measurement. This value matches the theoretical calculation within 1 standard deviation allowing us to set limits on Lorentz and CPT violation in the muonic sector, as well as on new physics coupled to muons and electrons which could provide an explanation of the muon g-2 anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ohayon
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Janka
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Cortinovis
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Burkley
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L de Sousa Borges
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Depero
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Golovizin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, 53 Leninsky prospekt., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - X Ni
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C Vigo
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Crivelli
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Fittipaldi R, Hartmann R, Mercaldo MT, Komori S, Bjørlig A, Kyung W, Yasui Y, Miyoshi T, Olde Olthof LAB, Palomares Garcia CM, Granata V, Keren I, Higemoto W, Suter A, Prokscha T, Romano A, Noce C, Kim C, Maeno Y, Scheer E, Kalisky B, Robinson JWA, Cuoco M, Salman Z, Vecchione A, Di Bernardo A. Unveiling unconventional magnetism at the surface of Sr 2RuO 4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5792. [PMID: 34608149 PMCID: PMC8490454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials with strongly correlated electrons often exhibit interesting physical properties. An example of these materials is the layered oxide perovskite Sr2RuO4, which has been intensively investigated due to its unusual properties. Whilst the debate on the symmetry of the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4 is still ongoing, a deeper understanding of the Sr2RuO4 normal state appears crucial as this is the background in which electron pairing occurs. Here, by using low-energy muon spin spectroscopy we discover the existence of surface magnetism in Sr2RuO4 in its normal state. We detect static weak dipolar fields yet manifesting at an onset temperature higher than 50 K. We ascribe this unconventional magnetism to orbital loop currents forming at the reconstructed Sr2RuO4 surface. Our observations set a reference for the discovery of the same magnetic phase in other materials and unveil an electronic ordering mechanism that can influence electron pairing with broken time reversal symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fittipaldi
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Hartmann
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M T Mercaldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Komori
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.,Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - A Bjørlig
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5920002, Israel
| | - W Kyung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Y Yasui
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,RIKEN, Centre for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Miyoshi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - L A B Olde Olthof
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - C M Palomares Garcia
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - I Keren
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.,The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - W Higemoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Romano
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Noce
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - B Kalisky
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5920002, Israel
| | - J W A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - M Cuoco
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.
| | - A Vecchione
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Di Bernardo
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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6
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Janka G, Ohayon B, Burkley Z, Gerchow L, Kuroda N, Ni X, Nishi R, Salman Z, Suter A, Tuzi M, Vigo C, Prokscha T, Crivelli P. Intense beam of metastable Muonium. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2020; 80:804. [PMID: 32922165 PMCID: PMC7462919 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Precision spectroscopy of the Muonium Lamb shift and fine structure requires a robust source of 2S Muonium. To date, the beam-foil technique is the only demonstrated method for creating such a beam in vacuum. Previous experiments using this technique were statistics limited, and new measurements would benefit tremendously from the efficient 2S production at a low energy muon ( < 20 keV) facility. Such a source of abundant low energyμ + has only become available in recent years, e.g. at the Low-Energy Muon beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Using this source, we report on the successful creation of an intense, directed beam of metastable Muonium. We find that even though the theoretical Muonium fraction is maximal in the low energy range of 2-5 keV, scattering by the foil and transport characteristics of the beamline favor slightly higherμ + energies of 7-10 keV. We estimate that an event detection rate of a few events per second for a future Lamb shift measurement is feasible, enabling an increase in precision by two orders of magnitude over previous determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Janka
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Ohayon
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z. Burkley
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Gerchow
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N. Kuroda
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - X. Ni
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R. Nishi
- Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Z. Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M. Tuzi
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Vigo
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. Crivelli
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Simões AFA, Alberto HV, Vilão RC, Gil JM, Cunha JMV, Curado MA, Salomé PMP, Prokscha T, Suter A, Salman Z. Muon implantation experiments in films: Obtaining depth-resolved information. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:023906. [PMID: 32113453 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Implanted positive muons with low energies (in the range 1-30 keV) are extremely useful local probes in the study of thin films and multi-layer structures. The average muon stopping depth, typically in the order of tens of nanometers, is a function of the muon implantation energy and of the density of the material, but the stopping range extends over a broad region, which is also in the order of tens of nanometers. Therefore, an adequate simulation procedure is required in order to extract the depth dependence of the experimental parameters. Here, we present a method to extract depth-resolved information from the implantation energy dependence of the experimental parameters in a low-energy muon spin spectroscopy experiment. The method and corresponding results are exemplified for a semiconductor film, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, covered with a thin layer of Al2O3, but can be applied to any heterostructure studied with low-energy muons. It is shown that if an effect is present in the experimental data, this method is an important tool to identify its location and depth extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F A Simões
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H V Alberto
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R C Vilão
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Gil
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M V Cunha
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - M A Curado
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, R. Larga, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P M P Salomé
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Saadaoui H, Luo X, Salman Z, Cui XY, Bao NN, Bao P, Zheng RK, Tseng LT, Du YH, Prokscha T, Suter A, Liu T, Wang YR, Li S, Ding J, Ringer SP, Morenzoni E, Yi JB. Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in the Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Co:TiO_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:227202. [PMID: 27925730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.227202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a study of magnetism in Co_{0.05}Ti_{0.95}O_{2-δ} anatase films grown by pulsed laser deposition under a variety of oxygen partial pressures and deposition rates. Energy-dispersive spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that a high deposition rate leads to a homogeneous microstructure, while a very low rate or postannealing results in cobalt clustering. Depth resolved low-energy muon spin rotation experiments show that films grown at a low oxygen partial pressure (≈10^{-6} torr) with a uniform structure are fully magnetic, indicating intrinsic ferromagnetism. First principles calculations identify the beneficial role of low oxygen partial pressure in the realization of uniform carrier-mediated ferromagnetism. This work demonstrates that Co:TiO_{2} is an intrinsic diluted magnetic semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saadaoui
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - X Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - X Y Cui
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - N N Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - P Bao
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - R K Zheng
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - L T Tseng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Y H Du
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Liu
- ANKA, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Y R Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - S Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - S P Ringer
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - E Morenzoni
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J B Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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9
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Saadaoui H, Salman Z, Luetkens H, Prokscha T, Suter A, MacFarlane WA, Jiang Y, Jin K, Greene RL, Morenzoni E, Kiefl RF. The phase diagram of electron-doped La(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4-δ). Nat Commun 2015; 6:6041. [PMID: 25608106 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconductivity is a striking example of a quantum phenomenon in which electrons move coherently over macroscopic distances without scattering. The high-temperature superconducting oxides (cuprates) are the most studied class of superconductors, composed of two-dimensional CuO2 planes separated by other layers that control the electron concentration in the planes. A key unresolved issue in cuprates is the relationship between superconductivity and magnetism. Here we report a sharp phase boundary of static three-dimensional magnetic order in the electron-doped superconductor La(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4-δ), where small changes in doping or depth from the surface switch the material from superconducting to magnetic. Using low-energy spin-polarized muons, we find that static magnetism disappears close to where superconductivity begins and well below the doping level at which dramatic changes in the transport properties are reported. These results indicate a higher degree of symmetry between the electron and hole-doped cuprates than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Saadaoui
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - H Luetkens
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - W A MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Y Jiang
- Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - R L Greene
- Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E Morenzoni
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - R F Kiefl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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10
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Salman Z, Prokscha T, Amato A, Morenzoni E, Scheuermann R, Sedlak K, Suter A. Direct spectroscopic observation of a shallow hydrogenlike donor state in insulating SrTiO3. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:156801. [PMID: 25375730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.156801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a direct spectroscopic observation of a shallow hydrogenlike muonium state in SrTiO(3) which confirms the theoretical prediction that interstitial hydrogen may act as a shallow donor in this material. The formation of this muonium state is temperature dependent and appears below ∼ 70K. From the temperature dependence we estimate an activation energy of ∼ 50 meV in the bulk and ∼ 23 meV near the free surface. The field and directional dependence of the muonium precession frequencies further supports the shallow impurity state with a rare example of a fully anisotropic hyperfine tensor. From these measurements we determine the strength of the hyperfine interaction and propose that the muon occupies an interstitial site near the face of the oxygen octahedron in SrTiO(3). The observed shallow donor state provides new insight for tailoring the electronic and optical properties of SrTiO(3)-based oxide interface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Salman
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Prokscha
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Amato
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - E Morenzoni
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Scheuermann
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Sedlak
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Suter
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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11
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Prokscha T, Chow KH, Stilp E, Suter A, Luetkens H, Morenzoni E, Nieuwenhuys GJ, Salman Z, Scheuermann R. Photo-induced persistent inversion of germanium in a 200-nm-deep surface region. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2569. [PMID: 23995307 PMCID: PMC3759057 DOI: 10.1038/srep02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled manipulation of the charge carrier concentration in nanometer thin layers is the basis of current semiconductor technology and of fundamental importance for device applications. Here we show that it is possible to induce a persistent inversion from n- to p-type in a 200-nm-thick surface layer of a germanium wafer by illumination with white and blue light. We induce the inversion with a half-life of ~12 hours at a temperature of 220 K which disappears above 280 K. The photo-induced inversion is absent for a sample with a 20-nm-thick gold capping layer providing a Schottky barrier at the interface. This indicates that charge accumulation at the surface is essential to explain the observed inversion. The contactless change of carrier concentration is potentially interesting for device applications in opto-electronics where the gate electrode and gate oxide could be replaced by the semiconductor surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prokscha
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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12
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Salman Z, Ofer O, Radovic M, Hao H, Ben Shalom M, Chow KH, Dagan Y, Hossain MD, Levy CDP, Macfarlane WA, Morris GM, Patthey L, Pearson MR, Saadaoui H, Schmitt T, Wang D, Kiefl RF. Nature of weak magnetism in SrTiO3/LaAlO3 multilayers. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:257207. [PMID: 23368496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.257207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of weak magnetism in superlattices of LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) using β-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. The spin lattice relaxation rate of ^{8}Li in superlattices with a spacer layers of 8 and 6 unit cells of LaAlO(3) exhibits a strong peak near ~35 K, whereas no such peak is observed in a superlattice with spacer layer thickness of 3 unit cells. We attribute the observed temperature dependence to slowing down of weakly coupled electronic moments at the LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) interface. These results show that the magnetism at the interface depends strongly on the thickness of the spacer layer, and that a minimal thickness of ~4-6 unit cells is required for the appearance of magnetism. A simple model is used to determine that the observed relaxation is due to small fluctuating moments (~0.002μ(B)) in the two samples with a larger LaAlO(3) spacer thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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13
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Charnukha A, Cvitkovic A, Prokscha T, Pröpper D, Ocelic N, Suter A, Salman Z, Morenzoni E, Deisenhofer J, Tsurkan V, Loidl A, Keimer B, Boris AV. Nanoscale layering of antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases in Rb(2)Fe(4)Se(5) single crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:017003. [PMID: 23031126 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.017003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied phase separation in the single-crystalline antiferromagnetic superconductor Rb(2)Fe(4)Se(5) (RFS) using a combination of scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and low-energy muon spin rotation (LE-μSR). We demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases segregate into nanometer-thick layers perpendicular to the iron-selenide planes, while the characteristic in-plane size of the metallic domains reaches 10 μm. By means of LE-μSR we further show that in a 40-nm thick surface layer the ordered antiferromagnetic moment is drastically reduced, while the volume fraction of the paramagnetic phase is significantly enhanced over its bulk value. Self-organization into a quasiregular heterostructure indicates an intimate connection between the modulated superconducting and antiferromagnetic phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charnukha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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14
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Antognini A, Crivelli P, Prokscha T, Khaw KS, Barbiellini B, Liszkay L, Kirch K, Kwuida K, Morenzoni E, Piegsa FM, Salman Z, Suter A. Muonium emission into vacuum from mesoporous thin films at cryogenic temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:143401. [PMID: 22540791 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on muonium (Mu) emission into vacuum following μ(+) implantation in mesoporous thin SiO(2) films. We obtain a yield of Mu into vacuum of (38±4)% at 250 K and (20±4)% at 100 K for 5 keV μ(+) implantation energy. From the implantation energy dependence of the Mu vacuum yield we determine the Mu diffusion constants in these films: D(Mu)(250 K)=(1.6±0.1)×10(-4) cm(2)/s and D(Mu)(100 K)=(4.2±0.5)×10(-5) cm(2)/s. Describing the diffusion process as quantum mechanical tunneling from pore to pore, we reproduce the measured temperature dependence ∼T(3/2) of the diffusion constant. We extract a potential barrier of (-0.3±0.1) eV which is consistent with our computed Mu work function in SiO(2) of [-0.3,-0.9] eV. The high Mu vacuum yield, even at low temperatures, represents an important step toward next generation Mu spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antognini
- Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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16
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Lord JS, McKenzie I, Baker PJ, Blundell SJ, Cottrell SP, Giblin SR, Good J, Hillier AD, Holsman BH, King PJC, Lancaster T, Mitchell R, Nightingale JB, Owczarkowski M, Poli S, Pratt FL, Rhodes NJ, Scheuermann R, Salman Z. Design and commissioning of a high magnetic field muon spin relaxation spectrometer at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:073904. [PMID: 21806196 DOI: 10.1063/1.3608114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The high magnetic field (HiFi) muon instrument at the ISIS pulsed neutron and muon source is a state-of-the-art spectrometer designed to provide applied magnetic fields up to 5 T for muon studies of condensed matter and molecular systems. The spectrometer is optimised for time-differential muon spin relaxation studies at a pulsed muon source. We describe the challenges involved in its design and construction, detailing, in particular, the magnet and detector performance. Commissioning experiments have been conducted and the results are presented to demonstrate the scientific capabilities of the new instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lord
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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17
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Boris AV, Matiks Y, Benckiser E, Frano A, Popovich P, Hinkov V, Wochner P, Castro-Colin M, Detemple E, Malik VK, Bernhard C, Prokscha T, Suter A, Salman Z, Morenzoni E, Cristiani G, Habermeier HU, Keimer B. Dimensionality Control of Electronic Phase Transitions in Nickel-Oxide Superlattices. Science 2011; 332:937-40. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1202647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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19
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Mansour AI, Salman Z, Chow KH, Fan I, King PJC, Hitti B, Jung J, Cottrell SP. Dynamics and reactivity of positively charged muonium in heavily doped Si:B and comparisons with hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:257602. [PMID: 18643703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.257602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The detailed dynamics of the positively charged muonium (Mu+) in heavily doped p-type Si:B is reported. Below 200 K, Mu+ is static and isolated, and is located in a stretched Si-Si bond. Above approximately 200 K, Mu+ diffuses incoherently. At temperatures higher than 300 K, the Mu+-B- complex is formed while above 520 K, it starts to dissociate. There is significant enhancement of the diffusion of Mu+ in Si compared to H+ and D+-this is attributed to its smaller mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Mansour
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G7.
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20
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Xu M, Hossain MD, Saadaoui H, Parolin TJ, Chow KH, Keeler TA, Kiefl RF, Morris GD, Salman Z, Song Q, Wang D, MacFarlane WA. Proximal magnetometry in thin films using betaNMR. J Magn Reson 2008; 191:47-55. [PMID: 18162424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 11/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Low energy ion implantation of hyperpolarized radioactive magnetic resonance probes allows the NMR study of thin film heterostructures by enabling depth-resolved measurements on a nanometer lengthscale. By stopping the probe ions in a layer adjacent to a layer of interest, it is possible to study magnetic fields proximally. Here we show that, in the simplest case of a uniformly magnetized layer, this yields an unperturbed in situ frequency reference. We also discuss demagnetization contributions to measured shifts for this case. With a simple illustrative calculation, we show how a nonuniformly magnetized layer causes a strongly depth-dependent line broadening in an adjacent layer. We then give some experimental examples of resonance line broadening in heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2A3
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21
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Salman Z, Chow KH, Miller RI, Morello A, Parolin TJ, Hossain MD, Keeler TA, Levy CDP, MacFarlane WA, Morris GD, Saadaoui H, Wang D, Sessoli R, Condorelli GG, Kiefl RF. Local magnetic properties of a monolayer of Mn12 single molecule magnets. Nano Lett 2007; 7:1551-5. [PMID: 17488049 DOI: 10.1021/nl070366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of a monolayer of Mn12 single molecule magnets grafted onto a silicon (Si) substrate have been investigated using depth-controlled beta-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. A low-energy beam of spin-polarized radioactive 8Li was used to probe the local static magnetic field distribution near the Mn12 monolayer in the Si substrate. The resonance line width varies strongly as a function of implantation depth as a result of the magnetic dipolar fields generated by the Mn12 electronic magnetic moments. The temperature dependence of the line width indicates that the magnetic properties of the Mn12 moments in this low-dimensional configuration differ from bulk Mn12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Salman
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.
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22
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Salman Z, Wang D, Chow KH, Hossain MD, Kreitzman SR, Keeler TA, Levy CDP, MacFarlane WA, Miller RI, Morris GD, Parolin TJ, Saadaoui H, Smadella M, Kiefl RF. Magnetic-field effects on the size of vortices below the surface of NbSe2 detected using low energy beta-NMR. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:167001. [PMID: 17501451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.167001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A low energy radioactive beam of polarized 8Li has been used to observe the vortex lattice near the surface of superconducting NbSe2. The inhomogeneous magnetic-field distribution associated with the vortex lattice was measured using depth-resolved beta-detected NMR. Below Tc, one observes the characteristic line shape for a triangular vortex lattice which depends on the magnetic penetration depth and vortex core radius. The size of the vortex core varies strongly with the magnetic field. In particular, in a low field of 10.8 mT, the core radius is much larger than the coherence length. The possible origin of these giant vortices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Salman
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Parolin TJ, Salman Z, Chakhalian J, Song Q, Chow KH, Hossain MD, Keeler TA, Kiefl RF, Kreitzman SR, Levy CDP, Miller RI, Morris GD, Pearson MR, Saadaoui H, Wang D, MacFarlane WA. beta-NMR of isolated lithium in nearly ferromagnetic palladium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:047601. [PMID: 17358812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the frequency shift and spin-lattice relaxation rate of isolated, nonmagnetic (8)Li impurities implanted in a nearly ferromagnetic host (Pd) are measured by means of beta-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (beta-NMR). The shift is negative, very large, and increases monotonically with decreasing T in proportion to the bulk susceptibility of Pd for T > T* approximately 100 K. Below T*, an additional shift occurs which we attribute to the response of Pd to the defect. The relaxation rate is much slower than expected for the large shift and is linear with T below T*, showing no sign of additional relaxation mechanisms associated with the defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Parolin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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24
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Salman Z, Kiefl RF, Chow KH, Hossain MD, Keeler TA, Kreitzman SR, Levy CDP, Miller RI, Parolin TJ, Pearson MR, Saadaoui H, Schultz JD, Smadella M, Wang D, MacFarlane WA. Near-surface structural phase transition of SrTiO3 studied with zero-field beta-detected nuclear spin relaxation and resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:147601. [PMID: 16712119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.147601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that zero-field beta-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance and spin relaxation of low energy (8)Li can be used as a sensitive local probe of structural phase transitions near a surface. We find that the transition near the surface of a SrTiO(3) single crystal occurs at T(c) approximately 150K, i.e., approximately 45K higher than T(c)bulk, and that the tetragonal domains formed below T(c) are randomly oriented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Salman
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
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25
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Morris GD, Macfarlane WA, Chow KH, Salman Z, Arseneau DJ, Daviel S, Hatakeyama A, Kreitzman SR, Levy CDP, Poutissou R, Heffner RH, Elenewski JE, Greene LH, Kiefl RF. Depth-controlled beta-NMR of 8Li in a thin silver film. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:157601. [PMID: 15524941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.157601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Depth-controlled beta-NMR can be used to probe the magnetic properties of thin films and interfaces on a nanometer length scale. A 30 keV beam of highly spin-polarized 8Li+ ions was slowed down and implanted into a 50 nm film of Ag deposited on a SrTiO3 substrate. A novel high field beta-NMR spectrometer was used to observe two well resolved resonances which are attributed to Li occupying substitutional and octahedral interstitial sites in the Ag lattice. The temperature dependence of the Knight shifts and spin relaxation rates are consistent with the Korringa law for a simple metal, implying that the NMR of implanted 8Li reflects the spin suspectibility of bulk metallic silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Morris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, K764, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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