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AlHarbi M, Othman A, Nahari AA, Al-Jedai AH, Cuadras D, Almalky F, AlAzmi F, Almudaiheem HY, AlShubrumi H, AlSwat H, AlSahafi H, Sindi K, Basaikh K, AlQahtani M, Lamotte M, Yahia M, Hassan MEK, AlMutlaq M, AlRoaly M, AlZelaye S, AlGhamdi Z. Burden of Illness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1120-1150. [PMID: 38240948 PMCID: PMC10879361 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with huge clinical and economic burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which can be curtailed by efficacious treatment. In order to achieve this, current treatment pathways for T2DM and associated costs need to be assessed. METHODS A longitudinal cohort review was conducted to collect country-specific and patient-specific clinical data, over a minimum observation period of 5 years in the KSA. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns were recorded. The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (CDM) version 9.5 Plus was used to assess the burden of illness, which included long-term projections of clinical (life expectancy [LE], quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs], event rates of diabetes-related complications) and direct medical cost (per-patient annual or lifelong [50 years]) outcomes of the most commonly used first-line (1st-line) regimens for T2DM from a payer perspective in the KSA. RESULTS Data were collected from a subpopulation of 638 patients from 15 participating centres. There was an equal gender representation with a majority of the patients belonging to Arabian/Saudi ethnicity (71.0%). Biguanides (81.5%), sulfonylureas (51.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (26.2%) and fast-acting insulins (17.2%) were the most prescribed 1st-line agents. The most frequently used 1st-line regimens resulted in an estimated LE of 25-28 years, QALYs of 18-21 years and lifelong total cost of illness of 201,377-437,371 Saudi Arabian riyal (53,700-116,632 US dollars). CONCLUSION Our study addresses gaps in the current research by providing a complete landscape of baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns from a heterogeneous group of patients with T2DM in the KSA. Additionally, the burden of illness analysis using CDM showed substantially higher cost of T2DM care from a payer perspective in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Othman
- Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Diabetes Centre, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Almalky
- Diabetology Center, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez AlAzmi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Specialized Center, Al-Qurayyat General Hospital, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamad AlShubrumi
- Buraidah Diabetes Centre, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameed AlSwat
- King Abdulaziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homaid AlSahafi
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khadija Basaikh
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed AlQahtani
- Diabetes Center, King Fahad Specialized Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed AlRoaly
- Endocrine and Diabetic Center, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somaya AlZelaye
- Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Al-Qunfudah General Hospital, Al-Qunfudah, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zein AlGhamdi
- Diabetes Centre at King Fahad Hospital, Madina, Saudi Arabia
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