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Al-Homood IA, Al Ghanim N, Fatani MIA, Hussein AH, Alolaiwi AM, Abualiat A, Alqurtas E, Alomari BAA, Khardaly AM, Alenzi KAO, Albarakati RG, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai A, Eshmawi MTY. The Saudi consensus recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis (2023). Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:879-894. [PMID: 38217738 PMCID: PMC10876726 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex inflammatory disease characterized by musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal manifestations. It is a distinct disease entity at the interface between rheumatology and dermatology, making it challenging to manage. The diverse clinical presentation and severity of PsA require a multidisciplinary approach for optimal care. Early diagnosis and management are necessary to improving quality of life for patients. In Saudi Arabia, there is currently no unified national consensus on the best practices for managing PsA. This lack of consensus leads to debate and uncertainty in the treatment of the disease, resulting in over or under prescribing of biological agents. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary work group was formed by the Saudi Ministry of Health. This group, consisting of dermatologists, rheumatologists, and pharmacists, aimed to develop evidence-based consensus recommendations for he use and monitoring of biological therapy in PsA management. The work group conducted five consensus workshops between December 2021 to March 2022. Using the nominal group technique, they discussed various aspects of PsA management, including eligibility criteria for biological treatment, monitoring of disease activity, treatment goals, screening, precautions, and management of PsA with biologic therapies. The group also considered special considerations for patients with comorbidities, pregnant and lactating women, as well as pediatric and adolescent populations. The resulting consensus document provides recommendations that are applicable to the Saudi setting, taking into account international guidelines and the specific needs of PsA patients in the country. The consensus document will be regularly updated to incorporate new data and therapeutic agents as they become available. Key Points • In Saudi Arabia, there is a lack of unified national consensus on the optimal management of PsA, therefore, this article aims to provide up-to-date evidence-based consensus recommendations for the optimal use and monitoring of biologic therapy in the management of PsA in Saudi Arabia. • The consensus development process was undertaken by a multidisciplinary work group of 13 experts, including two dermatologists, six rheumatologists, and five pharmacists. • There is more than one disease activity tool used in PsA disease, depending on the disease domain - peripheral arthritis Disease Activity Index in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) or Minimal Disease Activity (MDA), axial PsA Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), and dactylitis and enthesitis MDA. • The main goal of therapy in all patients with PsA is to achieve the target of remission, or alternatively, low disease activity in all disease domains and improve quality of life (QoL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdulrazag Al-Homood
- Medical Specialties Department, Rheumatology Section, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nayef Al Ghanim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Albader Hamza Hussein
- Department of Rheumatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Mohammed Alolaiwi
- Department of Rheumatology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abualiat
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alqurtas
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Rayan G Albarakati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysa Tariq Yousef Eshmawi
- Department of Dermatology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlHarbi M, Othman A, Nahari AA, Al-Jedai AH, Cuadras D, Almalky F, AlAzmi F, Almudaiheem HY, AlShubrumi H, AlSwat H, AlSahafi H, Sindi K, Basaikh K, AlQahtani M, Lamotte M, Yahia M, Hassan MEK, AlMutlaq M, AlRoaly M, AlZelaye S, AlGhamdi Z. Burden of Illness of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1120-1150. [PMID: 38240948 PMCID: PMC10879361 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with huge clinical and economic burden in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which can be curtailed by efficacious treatment. In order to achieve this, current treatment pathways for T2DM and associated costs need to be assessed. METHODS A longitudinal cohort review was conducted to collect country-specific and patient-specific clinical data, over a minimum observation period of 5 years in the KSA. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns were recorded. The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (CDM) version 9.5 Plus was used to assess the burden of illness, which included long-term projections of clinical (life expectancy [LE], quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs], event rates of diabetes-related complications) and direct medical cost (per-patient annual or lifelong [50 years]) outcomes of the most commonly used first-line (1st-line) regimens for T2DM from a payer perspective in the KSA. RESULTS Data were collected from a subpopulation of 638 patients from 15 participating centres. There was an equal gender representation with a majority of the patients belonging to Arabian/Saudi ethnicity (71.0%). Biguanides (81.5%), sulfonylureas (51.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (26.2%) and fast-acting insulins (17.2%) were the most prescribed 1st-line agents. The most frequently used 1st-line regimens resulted in an estimated LE of 25-28 years, QALYs of 18-21 years and lifelong total cost of illness of 201,377-437,371 Saudi Arabian riyal (53,700-116,632 US dollars). CONCLUSION Our study addresses gaps in the current research by providing a complete landscape of baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment patterns from a heterogeneous group of patients with T2DM in the KSA. Additionally, the burden of illness analysis using CDM showed substantially higher cost of T2DM care from a payer perspective in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Othman
- Aseer Central Hospital, Aseer Diabetes Centre, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Almalky
- Diabetology Center, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez AlAzmi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Specialized Center, Al-Qurayyat General Hospital, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamad AlShubrumi
- Buraidah Diabetes Centre, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameed AlSwat
- King Abdulaziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Homaid AlSahafi
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khadija Basaikh
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed AlQahtani
- Diabetes Center, King Fahad Specialized Hospital, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed AlRoaly
- Endocrine and Diabetic Center, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somaya AlZelaye
- Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Al-Qunfudah General Hospital, Al-Qunfudah, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zein AlGhamdi
- Diabetes Centre at King Fahad Hospital, Madina, Saudi Arabia
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Fatani MIA, Alkhalifah A, Alruwaili AFS, Alharbi AHS, Alharithy R, Khardaly AM, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai A, Eshmawi MTY. Diagnosis and Management of Alopecia Areata: A Saudi Expert Consensus Statement (2023). Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2023; 13:2129-2151. [PMID: 37558830 PMCID: PMC10539276 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-023-00991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex autoimmune disease manifesting as a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by non-scarring patches of hair loss over the face, scalp, and body. Several treatments have been proposed for AA, but none are curative nor achieve a state of remission. The present consensus statement aims to present the evidence- and experience-based recommendations on the diagnosis and management of AA in Saudi Arabia. The Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia has opted to initiate a meeting of a multidisciplinary group to discuss and concede on this topic. Eight dermatology experts and clinical pharmacists convened in eight consensus meetings. All content presented in this document was agreed upon by this working group, including diagnosis and severity assessment, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic options for AA. Special consideration was given to special patient populations including pediatric patients and patients with less frequent presentations of AA. Updates of the current recommendations will take place as new evidence evolves in the treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Alkhalifah
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ru'aa Alharithy
- Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dermatology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and College of Pharmacy, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysa Tariq Yousef Eshmawi
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Prince Nayef Street, Northern Abhor, 23816, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Alissa DA, Aburas W, Almasuood R, Almudaiheem HY, Al Aseri Z, Alrabiah F, Ezzat H, Moulana AA, Alawi MM, Al-Mutairy E, Alaama T, Alamri MS, Bamousa MS, Alshehri AA, Alosaimi MH, Alali A, Nori R, Devol EB, Mohamed G, Al-Jedai AH. Prevalence and epidemiological trends in mortality due to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Public Health 2023; 215:31-38. [PMID: 36634404 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article describes the prevalence and epidemiological trends of COVID-19 mortality in the largest registry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). STUDY DESIGN A prospective epidemiological cohort study using data from all healthcare facilities in KSA collected between March 23, 2020, and April 30, 2022. Data on the number of daily deaths directly related to COVID-19 were gathered, analyzed, and reported. METHOD Data analysis was carried out using national and regional crude case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population. Descriptive statistics using numbers and proportions were used to describe age, gender, nationality, and comorbidities. The mortality trend was plotted and compared with international figures. In addition, the most common comorbidities associated with mortality and the proportion of patients who received COVID-19 vaccine were reported. RESULTS The total reported number of deaths between March 23, 2020, and April 30, 2022, was 9085. Crude case fatality rate was 1.21%, and death per 100,000 population was 25.38, which compared favorably to figures reported by several developed countries. The highest percentages of deaths were among individuals aged between 60 and 69 years, males (71%), and individuals with diabetes (60%). Only 2.8% of mortalities occur in patients who received COVID-19 vaccine. Diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure had the highest attributable risk of mortality among patients who died due to COVID-19. CONCLUSION Case fatality rate and death per 100,000 population in KSA are among the lowest in the world due to multiple factors. Several comorbidities have been identified, namely, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Alissa
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Aburas
- University of Hail, College of Pharmacy, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Almasuood
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Y Almudaiheem
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Al Aseri
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Adult Critical Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Alrabiah
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Ezzat
- Hematology Programs, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dharan, Saudi Arabia; University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - A A Moulana
- Forensic Medicine Center, Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Alawi
- Infection Control & Environmental Health Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Al-Mutairy
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Alaama
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Alamri
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M S Bamousa
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Forensic Medicine General Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Alshehri
- Forensic Medicine Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Alosaimi
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Mortality Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alali
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Nori
- Internal Medicine Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E B Devol
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Mohamed
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A H Al-Jedai
- Therapeutic Affairs Deputyship, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Al-Jedai AH, Lomas J, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Ruthia YSH, Alghamdi S, Awad N, Alghamdi A, Alowairdhi MA, Alabdulkarim H, Almadi M, Bunyan RF, Ochalek J. Informing a cost-effectiveness threshold for Saudi Arabia. J Med Econ 2023; 26:128-138. [PMID: 36576804 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2022.2157141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 aims to reform health care across the Kingdom, with health technology assessment being adopted as one tool promising to improve the efficiency with which resources are used. An understanding of the opportunity costs of reimbursement decisions is key to fulfilling this promise and can be used to inform a cost-effectiveness threshold. This paper is the first to provide a range of estimates of this using existing evidence extrapolated to the context of Saudi Arabia. METHODS AND MATERIALS We use four approaches to estimate the marginal cost per unit of health produced by the healthcare system; drawing from existing evidence provided by a cross-country analysis, two alternative estimates from the UK context, and based on extrapolating a UK estimate using evidence on the income elasticity of the value of health. Consequences of estimation error are explored. RESULTS Based on the four approaches, we find a range of SAR 42,046 per QALY gained (48% of GDP per capita) to SAR 215,120 per QALY gained (246% of GDP per capita). Calculated potential central estimates from the average of estimated health gains based on each source gives a range of SAR 50,000-75,000. The results are in line with estimates from the emerging literature from across the world. CONCLUSION A cost-effectiveness threshold reflecting health opportunity costs can aid decision-making. Applying a cost-effectiveness threshold based on the range SAR 50,000 to 75,000 per QALY gained would ensure that resource allocation decisions in healthcare can in be informed in a way that accounts for health opportunity costs. LIMITATIONS A limitation is that it is not based on a within-country study for Saudi Arabia, which represents a promising line of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamdan Al-Jedai
- Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Lomas
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Awad
- IQVIA Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahlam Alghamdi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hana Alabdulkarim
- Drug Policy and Economic Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Almadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem F Bunyan
- Center for Improving Value in Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Ash Sharqiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica Ochalek
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Omair MA, Al Rayes H, Khabsa J, Yaacoub S, Abdulaziz S, Al Janobi GA, Al Khalaf A, Al Mehmadi B, Al Nassar M, AlBalawi F, AlFurayj AS, Al-Jedai AH, Almalag HM, Almudaiheem HY, AlRehaily A, Attar MA, El Kibbi L, Halabi H, Hasan M, Singh JA, Fraenkel L, Akl EA. Recommendations for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi Arabia: adolopment of the 2021 American College of Rheumatology guidelines. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:70. [PMID: 36414983 PMCID: PMC9682746 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2021 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) guideline considers the specific context of the United States which differs from that of Saudi Arabia in many aspects that may impact recommendations. The objective of this project was to adapt a set of prioritized recommendations from the 2021 ACR guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis RA for the context of Saudi Arabia, by the Saudi Society for Rheumatology (SSR). METHODS The process followed the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology, and the reporting adhered to the RIGHT-Ad@pt checklist. Working groups included a coordination group and a 19-member panel representing different stakeholder groups. The Evidence to Decision (EtD) tables included evidence on health effects from the source guideline and contextual information from the Saudi setting. RESULTS The panel prioritized and adapted five recommendations from the source guideline. The process led to modifying two out of the five prioritized recommendations, all listed here. In naive patients with low disease activity, methotrexate (MTX) is conditionally recommended over sulfasalazine (SSZ) (modified direction); hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is conditionally recommended over SSZ (unmodified). Initiation of csDMARDs with short-term glucocorticoids is conditionally recommended over csDMARDs alone in naive patients with moderate to high disease activity (modified direction). Switch to subcutaneous MTX is conditionally recommended over addition/switch to alternative DMARD(s) in patients taking oral MTX who are not at target (unmodified). Discontinuation of MTX is conditionally recommended over gradual discontinuation of the bDMARD or tsDMARD for patients taking MTX plus a bDMARD or tsDMARD who wish to discontinue a DMARD (unmodified). CONCLUSION Rheumatologists practicing in Saudi Arabia can use the adoloped recommendations generated by this project while adopting the rest of the recommendations from the 2021 ACR guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Omair
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Al Rayes
- grid.415989.80000 0000 9759 8141Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanne Khabsa
- grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406AUB Grade Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Yaacoub
- grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406AUB Grade Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- grid.411654.30000 0004 0581 3406Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sultana Abdulaziz
- grid.415296.d0000 0004 0607 1539Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada A. Al Janobi
- grid.415458.90000 0004 1790 6706Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al Khalaf
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Al Mehmadi
- grid.449051.d0000 0004 0441 5633Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahasin Al Nassar
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal AlBalawi
- grid.415277.20000 0004 0593 1832Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. AlFurayj
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Buraidah Central Hospital, B.C.H, Buraidah, Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hamdan Al-Jedai
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- grid.411335.10000 0004 1758 7207College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Mohammed Almalag
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajer Yousef Almudaiheem
- grid.415696.90000 0004 0573 9824Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlRehaily
- grid.415462.00000 0004 0607 3614Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Attar
- grid.413494.f0000 0004 0490 2749Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina El Kibbi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Specialized Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Halabi
- grid.415310.20000 0001 2191 4301Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Hasan
- grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasvinder A. Singh
- grid.280808.a0000 0004 0419 1326Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, 700 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 510 20th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022 USA
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology at the UAB School of Public Health, Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022 USA
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- grid.414445.4Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Elie A. Akl
- grid.22903.3a0000 0004 1936 9801Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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7
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Al-Jedai AH, Almudaiheem HY, Alissa DA, Al-Enazy HS, Korayem GB, Alghamdi A, Alghamdi S. Cost of cardiovascular diseases and renal complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective analysis of claims database. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273836. [PMID: 36264903 PMCID: PMC9584438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is substantial in Middle East countries. The current study assessed the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs related to cardiovascular and renal complications among patients with T2DM. METHODOLOGY This non-interventional, longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study collected secondary data from three insurance claims databases across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) of patients diagnosed with T2DM. The study included adult patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with first cardiovascular disease (CVD) during index time period and at least one T2DM claim anytime during the study time period. The primary analyses were conducted per database, stratified by three cohorts; patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 1-year post-index period (cohort 1), patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index, and two years post-index period (cohort 2) and patients with at least one claim every six months during the 1-year pre-index and 3-year post-index period (cohort 3). For each Payer database, demographics, CVD subgroups, HCRU, and costs were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The study sample comprised of 72-78% male and 22-28% female T2DM patients with CVD and renal complications. Patients in the age group of 35-65 years or above contributed to the significant disease burden. Nearly 68 to 80% of T2DM patients developed one CVD event, and 19 to 31% of patients developed multiple CVD events during the follow-up period. For most patients with comorbid CVD and renal disease, the average HCRU cost for post‑index periods was higher compared to 1-year pre-index period across the different visit types and activities. CONCLUSION The study findings elucidates the need for early initiation of therapies that would reduce the long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes and the associated costs in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hamden Al-Jedai
- Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Hadi Saeed Al-Enazy
- Department of Family Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Simulation and Medical Education, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Wellness Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Council of Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Family Medicine Scientific Committee, The Saudi Commission for Health Specialities, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Eastern Province Office, Saudi Society of Family Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazwa B. Korayem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alghamdi
- Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabab Alghamdi
- Council of Cooperative Health Insurance, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Fatani MIA, Hamadah IRA, Alajlan MA, Binamer Y, Alharbi AHS, Alruwaili AFS, Aldayel MAA, Alenzi KAO, Mubarki SM, Khardaly AM, Alomari BAA, Almudaiheem HY, Al-Jedai A, Eshmawi MTY. Saudi consensus statement on biologic treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis (2020). J DERMATOL TREAT 2021; 33:1916-1930. [PMID: 34284704 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2021.1950601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic and complex inflammatory skin disease that affects over 125 million people worldwide. Management of psoriasis in daily clinical practice in Saudi Arabia is variable. Local preferences for management differ, which may have a bearing on the treatment selection. Biologic therapy is now a well-established strategy for managing moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. There is a clear need for national consensus statements due to the extended role and high availability of literature on these agents. As a result of an initiative of the Ministry of Health, a multidisciplinary expert panel of dermatologists and pharmacists with practical experience in the clinical management of psoriasis were invited to be part of a work group to update the previous practical guidelines on the biologic treatment of psoriasis published in the Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2014. The overall aim of this consensus document is to deliver evidence-based recommendations on the use, screening, and monitoring of biologic therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. These recommendations also address the use of biologic therapy in special patient populations. They were developed after rigorous evaluation of existing international guidelines as well as the latest emerging evidence. Updates of the present consensus document will be provided as needed to incorporate new data or agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Issam Ribhi Ahmad Hamadah
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yousef Binamer
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sultan Mohammed Mubarki
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Fahd Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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