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Tang Y, Wang YD, Wang YY, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites: novel modulators of adipocyte thermogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1265175. [PMID: 37867516 PMCID: PMC10588486 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity occurs when overall energy intake surpasses energy expenditure. White adipose tissue is an energy storage site, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues catabolize stored energy to generate heat, which protects against obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Metabolites are substrates in metabolic reactions that act as signaling molecules, mediating communication between metabolic sites (i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota). Although the effects of metabolites from peripheral organs on adipose tissue have been extensively studied, their role in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis requires further investigation. Skeletal muscles and intestinal microorganisms are important metabolic sites in the body, and their metabolites play an important role in obesity. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites that potentially promote adipocyte thermogenesis. Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. These metabolites function as signaling molecules by interacting with membrane receptors or controlling intracellular enzyme activity. The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the adipose tissue and other metabolic organs will be a focal point in future studies on obesity. Furthermore, understanding how metabolites regulate adipocyte thermogenesis will provide a basis for establishing new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Wang YD, Wu LL, Mai YN, Wang K, Tang Y, Wang QY, Li JY, Jiang LY, Liao ZZ, Hu C, Wang YY, Liu JJ, Liu JH, Xiao XH. miR-32-5p induces hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia by triggering de novo lipogenesis. Metabolism 2023:155660. [PMID: 37451670 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES MicroRNA-dependent regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism has been recognized recently as a key pathological mechanism contributing to the development of NAFLD. However, whether miR-32-5p (miR-32) plays a role in lipid metabolism or contributes to NAFLD remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS A marked increase in miR-32 expression was observed in liver samples from patients and mice with NAFLD, as well as in palmitate-induced hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-specific miR-32 knockout (miR-32-HKO) dramatically ameliorated hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-fed mice. Conversely, hepatic miR-32 overexpression markedly exacerbated the progression of these abnormalities. Further, combinational analysis of transcriptomics and lipidomics suggested that miR-32 was a key trigger for de novo lipogenesis in the liver. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing, luciferase assay and adenovirus-mediated downstream gene rescue assay demonstrated that miR-32 directly bound to INSIG1 and subsequently activated sterol regulatory element binding protein-mediated lipogenic gene programs, thereby promoting hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders. Notably, pharmacological administration of miR-32 antagonist significantly inhibited PA-induced triglyceride deposition in hepatocytes and markedly mitigated hepatic steatosis and metabolic abnormalities in obesity-associated NAFLD mice. CONCLUSION miR-32 is an important checkpoint for lipogenesis in the liver, and targeting miR-32 could be a promising therapeutic approach for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yun-Ni Mai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Li-Yan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Can Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Wang QY, Liao ZZ, Lai J, Xiao XH. Editorial: The role of exosomes and organokines in metabolic and endocrine disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198791. [PMID: 37152957 PMCID: PMC10162493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinping Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Jinping Lai,
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Jinping Lai,
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Chen RB, Wang QY, Wang YY, Wang YD, Liu JH, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Feeding-induced hepatokines and crosstalk with multi-organ: A novel therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094458. [PMID: 36936164 PMCID: PMC10020511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, which can be caused by either an insulin deficit and/or insulin resistance, is the main symptom of Type 2 diabetes, a significant endocrine metabolic illness. Conventional medications, including insulin and oral antidiabetic medicines, can alleviate the signs of diabetes but cannot restore insulin release in a physiologically normal amount. The liver detects and reacts to shifts in the nutritional condition that occur under a wide variety of metabolic situations, making it an essential organ for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also performs a crucial function in glucolipid metabolism through the secretion of hepatokines. Emerging research shows that feeding induces hepatokines release, which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, these feeding-induced hepatokines act on multiple organs to regulate glucolipotoxicity and thus influence the development of T2DM. In this review, we focus on describing how feeding-induced cross-talk between hepatokines, including Adropin, Manf, Leap2 and Pcsk9, and metabolic organs (e.g.brain, heart, pancreas, and adipose tissue) affects metabolic disorders, thus revealing a novel approach for both controlling and managing of Type 2 diabetes as a promising medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Bin Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-Yu Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Hua Xiao, ; Zhe-Zhen Liao,
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Abstract
Dynamic communication within adipose tissue depends on highly vascularized structural characteristics to maintain systemic metabolic homoeostasis. Recently, it has been noted that adipose endothelial cells (AdECs) act as essential bridges for biological information transmission between adipose-resident cells. Hence, paracrine regulators that mediate crosstalk between AdECs and adipose stromal cells were summarized. We also highlight the importance of AdECs to maintain adipocytes metabolic homoeostasis by regulating insulin sensitivity, lipid turnover and plasticity. The differential regulation of AdECs in adipose plasticity often depends on vascular density and metabolic states. Although choosing pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic therapies for obesity is still a matter of debate in clinical settings, the growing numbers of drugs have been confirmed to play an anti-obesity effect by affecting vascularization. Pharmacologic angiogenesis intervention has great potential as therapeutic strategies for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhen Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Ran
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Wang YY, Wang YD, Qi XY, Liao ZZ, Mai YN, Xiao XH. Organokines and Exosomes: Integrators of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization and Recruitment in Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:839849. [PMID: 35273574 PMCID: PMC8902818 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.839849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is escalating and has become a worldwide health challenge coinciding with the development of metabolic diseases. Emerging evidence has shown that obesity is accompanied by the infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue, contributing to a state of low-grade chronic inflammation and dysregulated metabolism. Moreover, in the state of obesity, the phenotype of adipose tissue macrophages switches from the M2 polarized state to the M1 state, thereby contributing to chronic inflammation. Notably, multiple metabolic organs (adipose tissue, gut, skeletal muscle, and the liver) communicate with adipose tissue macrophages via secreting organokines or exosomes. In this review, we systematically summarize how the organokines (adipokines, gut microbiota and its metabolites, gut cytokines, myokines, and hepatokines) and exosomes (adipocyte-, skeletal muscle-, and hepatocyte-derived exosomes) act as important triggers for macrophage recruitment in adipose tissue and adipose tissue macrophage polarization, thus providing further insight into obesity treatment. In addition, we also highlight the complex interaction of organokines with organokines and organokines with exosomes, revealing new paths in understanding adipose tissue macrophage recruitment and polarization.
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Li JY, Yang J, Qi XY, Luo YH, Wang YD, Liao ZZ, Ran L, Xiao XH, Liu JH. Prospective Association of Novel Metabolic Indices with Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2427-2430. [PMID: 34093029 PMCID: PMC8168968 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s288081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hua Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiang-Hua Liu; Xin-Hua Xiao Email ;
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Hong T, Li JY, Wang YD, Qi XY, Liao ZZ, Bhadel P, Ran L, Yang J, Yan B, Liu JH, Xiao XH. High Serum Asprosin Levels Are Associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6622129. [PMID: 33747078 PMCID: PMC7943292 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asprosin, a new adipocytokine, has reportedly been associated with glucose release, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR). However, the relationship of asprosin with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate serum asprosin levels in MetS as well as their association with various metabolic parameters in humans. METHODS A total of 131 consecutive patients with MetS, and 162 age-matched, healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Serum asprosin concentrations were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lipid profile, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory markers were also measured. RESULTS Serum asprosin levels were higher in subjects with MetS (23.52 [16.70, 32.05] ng/mL) than in controls (16.70 [12.87, 22.38] ng/mL; P < 0.01), and they showed an increasing trend with increasing numbers of metabolic components (P for trend < 0.01). In all studied subjects, serum asprosin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). In multiple linear regression, asprosin was independently and positively correlated with triglyceride and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that asprosin was independently and positively correlated with the occurrence of MetS and IR, even after controlling for anthropometric variables, lipid profiles, and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Asprosin is a potential metabolic-related adipokine and may be related to IR and MetS. This trial was registered with ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800018347.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Poonam Bhadel
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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Liao ZZ, Qi XY, Wang YD, Li JY, Gu QQ, Hu C, Hu Y, Sun H, Ran L, Yang J, Liu JH, Xiao XH. Betatrophin knockdown induces beiging and mitochondria biogenesis of white adipocytes. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:93-100. [PMID: 32027602 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of energy-storing white fat into energy-consuming beige fat has led to a promising new approach to alleviate adiposity. Several studies have shown adipokines can induce white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging through autocrine or paracrine actions. Betatrophin, a novel adipokine, has been linked to energy expenditure and lipolysis but not clearly clarified. Here, we using high-fat diet-induced obesity to determine how betatrophin modulate beiging and adiposity. We found that betatrophin-knockdown mice displayed less white fat mass and decreased plasma TG and NEFA levels. Consistently, inhibition of betatrophin leads to the phenotype change of adipocytes characterized by increased mitochondria contents, beige adipocytes and mitochondria biogenesis-specific markers both in vivo and in vitro. Of note, blocking AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway is able to abolish enhanced beige-like characteristics in betatrophin-knockdown adipocytes. Collectively, downregulation of betatrophin induces beiging in white adipocytes through activation of AMPK signaling pathway. These processes suggest betatrophin as a latent therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qian-Qian Gu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
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Wang YD, Li JY, Qin Y, Liu Q, Liao ZZ, Xiao XH. Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates-Induced Intracellular Inflammation in HepG2 Cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:137-143. [PMID: 31622986 DOI: 10.1055/a-0999-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids induced hepatic inflammation plays an important role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, has been established to possess potent anti-inflammation in various human organs. However, the anti-inflammation property of H2S in the fatty liver is still needed to further elucidate. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether exogenous H2S can protect hepatocytes against inflammation induced by palmitic acid (PA). HepG2 hepatocytes were exposed to PA for 24 h to induce free fatty acids-induced inflammation. The cells were pretreated with NaHS (a donor of H2S) before exposure to PA. Cell viability, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB were measured by a combination of MTT assay, ELISA, Western blot and Immunofluorescence. Here, we found that exogenous H2S dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of NF-κB signaling in PA-induced HepG2 cells. Thus, H2S might be a candidate therapeutic agent against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Liao ZZ, Wang YD, Qi XY, Xiao XH. JAZF1, a relevant metabolic regulator in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3148. [PMID: 30838734 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adiposity and metabolic inflammation are the key risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) has been identified as a novel transcriptional cofactor, with function of regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and inflammation. JAZF1 is involved in metabolic process of T2DM via interaction with several nuclear receptors and protein kinases. Additionally, increasing evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has shown that JAZF1 polymorphisms are closely associated with T2DM. In this review, we have updated the latest research advances on JAZF1 and discussed its regulatory network in T2DM. The association between JAZF1 polymorphisms and T2DM is discussed as well. The information provided is of importance for guiding future studies as well as for the design of JAZF1-based T2DM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Li JY, Wang YD, Qi XY, Ran L, Hong T, Yang J, Yan B, Liao ZZ, Liu JH, Xiao XH. Serum CCN3 levels are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:52-57. [PMID: 30876855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD CCN3 is a novel adipokine and has emerged as a potential metabolic regulator. However, information regarding the role of CCN3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study measured for the first time serum CCN3 levels in T2DM and explored the correlations between its serum levels and various metabolic parameters in humans. METHODS A total of 219 newly diagnosed T2DM (nT2DM) patients and 205 healthy control subjects, matched for age and sex ratio, were enrolled. Circulating CCN3 and TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA. The anthropometric assessment and biochemical evaluation were done in all subjects. OGTT were performed in 34 healthy individuals to investigate the association of CCN3 with glucose. RESULTS Serum CCN3 levels were significantly higher in nT2DM patients compared to those of the healthy controls (6.71[4.88, 8.56] vs. 4.51[3.55, 5.99] ng/ml, P < 0.01). Serum CCN3 positively correlated with BMI, WC, FAT%, TG, FPG, 2 h-PG, HbA1c, FIns, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, but negatively with HOMA-β in all individuals (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI, HOMA-IR, TNF-α and MCP-1 were independently associated with CCN3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CCN3 was correlated with nT2DM. Finally, area under ROC curve of CCN3 (gender and age adjusted) for predicting the presence of nT2DM was 0.725(95% CI: 0.676-0.773). After an oral glucose challenge, there was no obvious change in the circulating levels of CCN3 as compared to 0 min (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevation of CCN3 in nT2DM supports the hypothesis that CCN3 may serve as a risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Xiao XH, Qi XY, Li JY, Wang YB, Wang YD, Liao ZZ, Yang J, Ran L, Wen GB, Liu JH. Serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein levels are elevated and correlated with thyroid hormone in newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:12. [PMID: 30670019 PMCID: PMC6343254 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a recently novel lipolytic adipokine implicated in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in many metabolic disorders. In vitro and animal studies suggest that thyroid hormones (TH) up-regulates ZAG production in hepatocytes. However, there is no data evaluating the possible relationship between ZAG and TH in a human model of hyperthyroidism. The objective of the present study is to assess the association of serum ZAG levels with TH and lipid profile in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after methimazole treatment. METHODS A total of 120 newly diagnosed overt hyperthyroidism and 122 healthy control subjects were recruited. Of them, 39 hyperthyroidism patients were assigned to receive methimazole treatment as follow-up study for 2 months. RESULTS The clinical consequence showed that serum ZAG levels were elevated in patients with hyperthyroidism (P < 0.01). Adjust for age, gender and BMI, serum ZAG levels were positively related with serum free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4) levels and negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels in hyperthyroidism subjects (all P < 0.01). After methimazole treatment, serum ZAG levels were decreased and the decline was associated with decreased FT3, FT4 and increased TC levels (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION We conclude that ZAG may be involved in the pathogenesis of lipid metabolism disorder in patients with hyperthyroidism. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-ROC-17012943 . Registered 11 October 2017, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Yi-Bing Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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Xiao XH, Wang YD, Qi XY, Wang YY, Li JY, Li H, Zhang PY, Liao HL, Li MH, Liao ZZ, Yang J, Xu CX, Wen GB, Liu JH. Zinc alpha2 glycoprotein protects against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1418-1430. [PMID: 30006580 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, impaired insulin sensitivity, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Our previous studies indicated that zinc alpha2 glycoprotein (ZAG) alleviates palmitate (PA)-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. This study is to further characterize the roles of ZAG on the development of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance (IR), and inflammation. METHODS ZAG protein levels in the livers of NAFLD patients, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically (ob/ob) induced obese mice, and in PA-treated hepatocytes were determined by western blotting. C57BL/6J mice injected with an adenovirus expressing ZAG were fed HFD for indicated time to induce hepatic steatosis, IR, and inflammation, and then biomedical, histological, and metabolic analyses were conducted to identify pathologic alterations in these mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying ZAG-regulated hepatic steatosis were further explored and verified in mice and hepatocytes. RESULTS ZAG expression was decreased in NAFLD patient liver biopsy samples, obese mice livers, and PA-treated hepatocytes. Simultaneously, ZAG overexpression alleviated intracellular lipid accumulation via upregulating adiponectin and lipolytic genes (FXR, PPARα, etc.) while downregulating lipogenic genes (SREBP-1c, LXR, etc.) in obese mice as well as in cultured hepatocytes. ZAG improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance via activation of IRS/AKT signaling. Moreover, ZAG significantly inhibited NF-ĸB/JNK signaling and thus resulting in suppression of obesity-associated inflammatory response in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that ZAG could protect against NAFLD by ameliorating hepatic steatosis, IR, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Pei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hai-Lin Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Mei-Hua Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Can-Xin Xu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ge-Bo Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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