1
|
Zhou Y, Tong RH, Zhong WL, Tan Y, Jiang M, Shi ZB, Yang ZC, Shen YQ, Wen J, Liang AS. Quasi-optical design for the cross-polarization scattering diagnostic on the HL-3 tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:053507. [PMID: 38758767 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
As the plasma beta (β) increases in high-performance tokamaks, electromagnetic turbulence becomes more significant, potentially constraining their operational range. To investigate this turbulence, a cross-polarization scattering (CPS) diagnostic system is being developed on the HL-3 tokamak for simultaneous measurements of density and magnetic fluctuations. In this work, a quasi-optical system has been designed and analyzed for the Q-band CPS diagnostic. The system includes a lens group for beam waist size optimization, a rotatable wire-grid polarizer for polarization adjustment, and a reflector group for measurement range regulation and system response enhancement. Laboratory tests demonstrated a beam radius of order 4 cm at the target measurement location (near the plasma pedestal), cross-polarization isolation exceeding 30 dB, and poloidal and toroidal angle adjustment ranges of ±40° and ±15°, respectively. These results verify the system's feasibility through laboratory evaluations. The quasi-optical system has been installed on the HL-3 tokamak during the 2023 experimental campaign to support the development of CPS diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Tan
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Q Shen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - A S Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng WC, Shi ZB, Shi PW, Yang ZC, Chen W, Huang M, Zhang F, Yu X, Jiang M, Wen J, Liang AS, Shen YQ, Zhou Y, Tong RH, Zhong WL. Preliminary results of the 105 GHz collective Thomson scattering system on HL-2A. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:094701. [PMID: 37668510 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
A 105 GHz collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic has been successfully developed for fast-ion measurements on the HL-2A tokamak, and it has been deployed during an experimental campaign. Enhanced signals exhibiting synchronous modulation characteristics have been observed across all CTS channels upon the launch of a modulated probe wave. Results show that the intensity of the CTS signal increases with Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) power and is proportional to neutron count, indicating that the scattering signal contains a contribution from fast ions. Compared with the signal without NBI, the enhanced scattering spectrum due to NBI is slightly wider than the predicted fast ion range. Such broadening might be attributed to the heating effects of the gyrotron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - F Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - A S Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Q Shen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen YQ, Yang ZC, Zhong WL, Jiang M, Shi ZB, Santos J, Shi PW, Tong RH, Xue GQ, Zhou Y, Wen J, Yu X, Deng WC, Wang S, Yang ZJ, Chen ZY, Li D, Zha XQ, Jin ZY, Xu X, Xu M. Plasma position measurements by O-mode and X-mode reflectometry systems in tokamak plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:063505. [PMID: 37862534 DOI: 10.1063/5.0140390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) is planned to provide plasma position and shape information for plasma operation in future fusion reactors. Its primary function is to calibrate the drift of the magnetic signals due to the integral nature of magnetic measurement. Here, we attempt to measure plasma position using ordinary mode (O-mode) and extraordinary mode (X-mode) reflectometry systems on two tokamaks. A new physical model based on the phase shift is proposed to deduce the relative movement of the cut-off layer without density inversion. We demonstrate the plasma position measurements by absolute measurement from density profile inversion and relative measurement from phase shift. The combination of X-mode and O-mode reflectometers can minimize the limitations of single polarization reflectometry and further increase the accuracy of plasma position measurement. These results could provide an important technical basis for the further development of a real-time control system based on PPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Shen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Santos
- Associação EURATOM/IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear-Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G Q Xue
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Beams of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z J Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Z Y Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - D Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X Q Zha
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Z Y Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li YC, Jiang M, Xu Y, Shi ZB, Xu JQ, Liu Y, Liang AS, Yang ZC, Wen J, Zhang YP, Wang XQ, Zhu YJ, Zhou H, Li W, Luo Y, Su X. MHD instability dynamics and turbulence enhancement towards the plasma disruption at the HL-2A tokamak. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4785. [PMID: 36959269 PMCID: PMC10036549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutions of MHD instability behaviors and enhancement of both electrostatic and electromagnetic turbulence towards the plasma disruption have been clearly observed in the HL-2A plasmas. Two types of plasma disruptive discharges have been investigated for similar equilibrium parameters: one with a distinct stage of a small central temperature collapse ([Formula: see text] 5-10%) around 1 millisecond before the thermal quench (TQ), while the other without. For both types, the TQ phase is preceded by a rotating 2/1 tearing mode, and it is the development of the cold bubble from the inner region of the 2/1 island O-point along with its inward convection that causes the massive energy loss. In addition, the micro-scale turbulence, including magnetic fluctuations and density fluctuations, increases before the small collapse, and more significantly towards the TQ. Also, temperature fluctuations measured by electron cyclotron emission imaging enhances dramatically at the reconnection site and expand into the island when approaching the small collapse and TQ, and the expansion is more significant close to the TQ. The observed turbulence enhancement near the X-point cannot be fully interpreted by the linear stability analysis by GENE. Evidences suggest that nonlinear effects, such as the reduction of local [Formula: see text] shear and turbulence spreading, may play an important role in governing turbulence enhancement and expansion. These results imply that the turbulence and its interaction with the island facilitate the stochasticity of the magnetic flux and formation of the cold bubble, and hence, the plasma disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Li
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Xu
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - A S Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Wang
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y J Zhu
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhou
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - W Li
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Luo
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - X Su
- Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou YM, Zhou HY, Chen W, Hao BL, Liu Y, Shi ZB, Zhang YP, Duan XR. Design and first measurements of the fast-ion D-alpha diagnostic at the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:033508. [PMID: 37012805 DOI: 10.1063/5.0099281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The fast-ion D-alpha diagnostic (FIDA) is employed to detect Dα light emitted by neutralized fast ions during neutral beam injection. A tangentially viewing FIDA has been developed for the HuanLiuqi-2A (HL-2A) tokamak and typically achieves temporal and transverse spatial resolutions of ∼30 ms and ∼5 cm, respectively. A fast-ion tail on the red shifted wing of the FIDA spectrum is obtained and analyzed with the Monte Carlo code FIDASIM. Good agreement has been presented between the measured and simulated spectra. As the FIDA diagnostic's lines of sight intersect the central axis of neutral beam injection with small angles, the beam emission spectrum is observed with a large Doppler shift. Thus, tangentially viewing FIDA could detect only a small portion of fast ions with an energy of ≈ 20 ∼ 31 keV and a pitch angle of ≈ -1 ∼ -0.8. A second FIDA installation with oblique viewing is designed to minimize spectral contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Hou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B L Hao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang YP, Zhang J, Cheng SK, Zhu JJ, Isobe M, Zhang PF, Yuan GL, Zhan XW, Zhu YX, Liu Y, Shi ZB, Zhong WL, Xu M. A gamma ray spectrometer with Compton suppression on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123509. [PMID: 36586945 DOI: 10.1063/5.0117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new broad-energy, high-resolution gamma ray spectrometer (GRS) with Compton suppression function has been developed recently in the HL-2A tokamak to obtain the gamma ray information in the energy range of 0.1-10 MeV. This is the first time to develop an anti-Compton GRS for a magnetic confinement fusion device. The anticoincidence detector consists of a large-volume high purity germanium (HPGe) crystal (Φ63 × 63 mm2) as the primary detector and eight trapezoidal bismuth germinate (BGO) scintillators (trapezoid crystal with 30 mm thickness) as the secondary detector. The anti-coincidence data processing is implemented by a digital-based data acquisition system with fast digitization and software signal processing technology. Using radioisotope gamma ray sources and Monte Carlo N-Particle code, the energy and efficiency of the spectrometer have been calibrated and quantitatively tested. The Compton continuum suppression factor reaches 4.2, and the energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum) of the 1.332 MeV full energy peak for 60Co is 2.1 keV. Measurements of gamma ray spectra with Compton suppression using the spectrometer have been successfully performed during HL-2A discharges with different conditions. The performance of the spectrometer and the first experimental results are presented in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S K Cheng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J J Zhu
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Isobe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki, Japan
| | - P F Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G L Yuan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X W Zhan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y X Zhu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, PO Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Yu DL, Shi ZB, Zhai WY, Wu N, Gao JM, Huang ZH, Xia F, He XX, Wei YL, Zhang N, Chen WJ, Yang QW. Visible imaging system with changeable field of view on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:083512. [PMID: 36050059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new visible imaging system characterizing a flexible optical design and delivering high resolution frames is established on the HL-2A tokamak. It features a modular configuration, consisting of a front-end imaging lens, a set of bilateral telecentric relay lenses, and a camera. To avoid the effects of plasma radiation (x and gamma-rays) and magnetic field variation on the camera, it should be away from the coils. Therefore, the length of the relay lenses determines the total size of the imaging system. The main feature of this imaging system is to realize the variation of field of view (FOV) by interchanging the front-end prime lenses or by using a zoom lens directly rather than designing the optical system afresh, which lowers the cost drastically. The primary purpose of varying FOV is to enrich the versatility of this system, i.e., focusing on a narrow FOV such as gas puff imaging or a wide FOV such as the plasma cross sections. During the HL-2A experiments, this visible imaging system is used to provide high quality pictures of the plasma-wall interaction, divertor detachment, pellet injections, and so on. The frames confirmed that a strong radiation close to the X point is correlated with the completely detached inner target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D L Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Y Zhai
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - N Wu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J M Gao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z H Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - F Xia
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X X He
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y L Wei
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - N Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W J Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu X, Shi ZB, Jiang M, Yu GY, Zhu YL, Yang ZC, Chen W, Zhu YR, Fang KR, Tong RH, Han JH, Zhang XR. Analysis of synthetic electron cyclotron emission from the high field side of HL-2M tokamak plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:083518. [PMID: 36050087 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic is used to interpret ECE signals from preset plasma equilibrium profiles, including magnetic field, electron density, and electron temperature. According to the simulation results, the electron temperature (Te) profile covering the harmonic overlap region can be obtained by receiving ECE signals at the high field side (HFS) of the HL-2M plasma. The third harmonic ECE at the low field side (LFS) cannot pass through the second harmonic resonance layer at the HFS unless the optical thickness (τ) of the second harmonic becomes gray (τ ≤ 2). In addition, the impact of the relativistic frequency down-shift has been evaluated and corrected. The measurable range of the HFS ECE has been calculated by scanning different parameters (electron density, temperature, and magnetic field). Higher plasma parameters allow a wider radial range of electron temperature measurements. The minimum inner measurable position can reach R = 120 cm (r/a = -0.89) when the product of core temperature (Te0) and density (ne0) is greater than 35 × 1019 keV m-3, which is extended by more than 30 cm inward compared with that of the LFS measurement. The HFS ECE will greatly improve the diagnostic ability of ECE systems on the HL-2M tokamak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G Y Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Y L Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y R Zhu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K R Fang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J H Han
- Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - X R Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Beams of the Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi PW, Yang ZC, Shi ZB, Xu LF, Deng WC, Jiang M, Chen W, Zhong WL, Wen J, Fang KR, Tong RH, Xue GQ, Yu X, Li YG, Ji XQ, Zhang YP, Yang QW, Xu M, Wang ZX, Duan XR. Development of solid state terahertz interferometer for the first plasma on HL-2M tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:083509. [PMID: 34470419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A solid state terahertz interferometer has been developed on the recent commissioned HL-2M tokamak. It can work in a wide frequency region of 220-325 GHz, and the terahertz wave is generated from a low frequency phase locked voltage controlled oscillator with the frequency multiplying technique. A phase processor based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology is designed for the heterodyne interferometer, and it contributes to real-time display of electron density. To extract phase information, a novel numerical algorithm related to fast Fourier transform is written on the FPGA chip and enables one to obtain phase shift without being affected by amplitude variation induced by plasma absorption or frequency modulation from the outer electromagnetic environment. The interferometer achieves minimum measurable electron density in the order of 1016 m-3. With the plasma diagnosis, electron density and low frequency tearing mode have been measured during the first experimental campaign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L F Xu
- The Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000, China
| | - W C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K R Fang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G Q Xue
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y G Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Q Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wen J, Shi ZB, Zhong WL, Yang ZC, Yang ZJ, Wang B, Jiang M, Shi PW, Hillesheim JC, Freethy SJ, Shi P, Liang AS, Tong RH, Fang KR, Deng WC, Liu Y, Yang QW, Ding XT, Xu M. A remote gain controlled and polarization angle tunable Doppler backward scattering reflectometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:063513. [PMID: 34243534 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remote control of the diagnostic systems is the basic requirement for the high performance plasma operation in a fusion device. This work presents the development of the remote control system for the multichannel Doppler backward scattering (DBS) reflectometers. It includes a remote controlled quasi-optical system and a remote intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier gain control system. The quasi-optical system contains a rotational polarizer, its polarization angle is tunable through a remote controlled motor, and it could combine the microwave beams with a wide frequency range into one focused beam. The remote IF gain control system utilizes the digital microcontroller (MCU) technique to regulate the signal amplitude for each signal channel. The gain parameters of amplifiers are adjustable, and the feedback of working status in the IF system will be sent to MCU in real time for safe operation. The gain parameters could be controlled either by the Ethernet remote way or directly through the local control interface on the system. Preliminary experimental results show the effectiveness of the remote controlled multichannel DBS system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z J Yang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - B Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J C Hillesheim
- Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S J Freethy
- Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - P Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - A S Liang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R H Tong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K R Fang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu L, He XF, Yu DL, Shi ZB, Lu J, Xia F, Zheng DL, Zhang N, He XX, Wei YL, Zang LG, Yang ZC, Yan LW, Liu Y, Yang QW. Visible wide-angle view imaging system for the first plasma on the HL-2M tokamak. Appl Opt 2021; 60:3211-3216. [PMID: 33983221 DOI: 10.1364/ao.418903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The wide-angle view imaging system, in terms of a tangential view diagnostic with field of view (FOV) of 56.8° and a downward-looking diagnostic from the top of the machine with FOV of 94.7°, has been newly constructed for the first plasma of the HL-2M tokamak achieved in December 2020. Its mission in this stage is to monitor the plasma evolution during its startup, sustainment, and disruption in the visible spectral range as well as the plasma-wall interaction. For the latter ultrawide view diagnostic, nearly three-quarters of the divertor region and half the area of the inner wall are in the view range. Both the diagnostics are characterized by a similar optical structure, i.e., the light emission from the plasma is collected by a front-end lens and transferred through an imaging fiber bundle to the camera. This optical structure is suitable for application in the complex tokamak environment mainly because the fiber bundle is flexible. Photos of glow discharges are acquired prior to the first plasma for testing the FOVs in the vacuum vessel. The spatial resolution is ∼4mm for the tangential view diagnostic and ∼10mm for the downward-looking diagnostic. The temporal resolutions, ranging from 90 to 360 Hz by changing the region of interest or binning acquisition mode of the color camera, are applied to record the plasma evolutions and/or dust creation events during the first plasma campaign.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren XH, Yang ZJ, Shi ZB, Yang ZC, Zha XQ, Gao Y, Zhang ZC. Development of a tunable multi-channel Doppler reflectometer on J-TEXT tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033545. [PMID: 33820104 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Doppler reflectometer is a powerful diagnostic tool to study the turbulence for tokamak plasmas. It can provide information on the density fluctuation, the poloidal rotation, the radial electric field, its shear, etc. A tunable multi-channel V-band (50-75 GHz) Doppler reflectometer system has been developed on the J-TEXT tokamak for the measurement under various toroidal magnetic fields. A universal serial bus controlled synthesizer is used as a source that can adjust the probing frequency remotely. This Doppler reflectometer can measure the plasma in 0.3 < ρ < 1 . Its radial resolution is <2 cm, and k⊥ is ∼ 4-12 cm-1. Based on the Doppler reflectometer, the perpendicular turbulence propagation velocity, the profile of the radial electric field, the geodesic acoustic mode, and some other phenomena have been observed on J-TEXT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X H Ren
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Z J Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Q Zha
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Y Gao
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Z C Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSouthwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng JY, Vuong TMD, Guo JX, Shi JH, Shi ZB, Zhang GC, Zhang J. Diel pattern in the structure and function of the gut microbial community in Lymantria dispar asiatica (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 104:e21691. [PMID: 32410326 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, diel pattern in gut microbial communities in insects were evaluated. Lymantria dispar asiatica fourth instar larvae (72 ± 2 hr after molting) at noon (LdD) and midnight (LdN) were used for a comparative analysis of the gut microbial community. Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared between LdD and LdN samples. One bacterial OTU was specific to LdD. The dominant gut microbes were OTU72 in LdD and OTU75 in LdN. A linear discriminant analysis effect size cladogram suggested that ten bacterial OTUs maintain significant differences in relative abundances between LdD and LdN. These results agreed with the discrete ellipses between LdD and LdN in principal coordinates analysis plots. Additionally, using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states, the gut microbial community was assigned to 23 functional terms, among which 22 exhibited significant differences between LdD and LdN. To conclude, the present study documented a diel pattern in the gut microbial community of L. dispar asiatica larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zeng
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Thi-Minh-Dien Vuong
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of International Cooperation, Center of Technology Development and Agricultural Extension, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jia-Xing Guo
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Shi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Shi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng JY, Wu DD, Shi ZB, Yang J, Zhang GC, Zhang J. Influence of dietary aconitine and nicotine on the gut microbiota of two lepidopteran herbivores. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 104:e21676. [PMID: 32323892 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in pheromone production, pesticide degradation, vitamin synthesis, and pathogen prevention in the host animal. Therefore, similar to gut morphology and digestive enzyme activity, the gut microbiota may also get altered under plant defensive compound-induced stress. To test this hypothesis, Dendrolimus superans larvae were fed either aconitine- or nicotine-treated fresh leaves of Larix gmelinii, and Lymantria dispar larvae were fed either aconitine- or nicotine-treated fresh leaves of Salix matsudana. Subsequently, the larvae were sampled 72hr after diet administration and DNA extracted from larval enteric canals were employed for gut microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (338 F and 806 R primers). The sequence analysis revealed that dietary nicotine and aconitine influenced the dominant bacteria in the larval gut and determined their abundance. Moreover, the effect of either aconitine or nicotine on D. superans and L. dispar larvae had a greater dependence on insect species than on secondary plant metabolites. These findings further our understanding of the interaction between herbivores and host plants and the coevolution of plants and insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zeng
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Dong Wu
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Shi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He XX, Yu DL, Yan LW, Liu L, Chen WJ, Wei YL, He XF, Ma Q, Shi ZB, Liu Y, Yang QW, Xu M, Duan XR. Fast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on HuanLiu-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:053504. [PMID: 32486744 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A Fast Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic with eight radial channels has been implemented on a HuanLiu-2A (HL-2A) tokamak with a time resolution of up to 10 kHz monitoring helium II spectra or 1 kHz monitoring carbon VI spectra. The crucial aspects of the fast CXRS are to improve the spectral intensity and the acquisition frequency. The spectral intensity has been greatly enhanced by customized fiber bundles. The main boost in optimizing the acquisition frequency is achieved by binning more pixel rows of the charge coupled device (CCD) representing one radial channel and by reducing the effective image area of the CCD. Consequently, the sawtooth oscillations of ion temperature and rotation velocity are continuously observed for the first time in the HL-2A tokamak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X X He
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D L Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L W Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W J Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y L Wei
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F He
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Ma
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shanxi 721016, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zeng JY, Shi JH, Guo JX, Shi ZB, Zhang GC, Zhang J. Variation in the pH of experimental diets affects the performance of Lymantria dispar asiatica larvae and its gut microbiota. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2020; 103:e21654. [PMID: 31916310 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To study dietary pH effects on Lymantria dispar asiatica larvae and provide a theoretical basis for its control in different forests, phosphate buffers (PBs) of pH 6, 7, and 8 were used to prepare experimental diets. The diet prepared with pH 6 PB was named as DPB6, with pH 8 PB as DPB8, and with pH 7 PB as DPB7 (control). The dietary pH was 5.00 in DPB6, 6.05 in control, and 6.50 in DPB8. After feeding on the diets with different pH values for 84 hr, fourth-instar caterpillars were randomly collected. Growth and various physiological traits were determined and 16S recombinant DNA sequencing was performed using the intestinal microflora of surviving larvae. Results showed that the mortality was 30% in DPB6, and 10% in DPB8, while no mortality was observed in control. The partial least squares discriminant analyses suggested that diets prepared with PB of different pH resulted in different food intake, amount of produced feces, weight gain, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities in larvae. Interestingly, both the highest weight gain and the lowest total antioxidant capacities were seen in control larvae. Results also showed that the larval gut microbiota community structure was significantly affected by dietary pH. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis effect size suggested that the family Acetobacteraceae in control, genus Prevotella in DPB8, and genus Lactococcus, family Flavobacteriaceae, family Mitochondria, and family Burkholderiaceae in DPB6 contributed to the diversity of the larval gut microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zeng
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Shi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Xing Guo
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Shi
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Department of Forest Protection, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zeng JY, Vuong TMD, Shi JH, Shi ZB, Guo JX, Zhang GC, Bi B. Avermectin stress varied structure and function of gut microbial community in Lymantria dispar asiatica (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 164:196-202. [PMID: 32284127 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymantria dispar asiatica is a globally distributed herbivorous pest. Avermectin is a highly effective, broad-spectrum insecticide. In this study, fourth instar L. dispar asiatica larvae were exposed to a LC30 dose of avermectin. The structure and function of larval gut microbial community was analyzed to examine how gut microbiota in L. dispar asiatica larvae responded to avermectin stress. Results showed that the structure and function of gut microbial community in L. dispar asiatica larvae were varied by avermectin stress. To be precise, more than half quantity of the observed Optical Taxonomic Units (OTUs) showed significantly different abundances under avermectin stress. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested nine bacterial genera and 12 fungal genera contributed to the different gut microbial community structure in L. dispar asiatica larvae. Gut microbial function classification (PICRUSt and FUNGuild) suggested that three bacterial function categories and a fungal function guild were significantly increased, and two fungal function guilds were significantly decreased by avermectin stress. This study furthers our understanding of the physiology of L. dispar asiatica larvae under avermectin stress, and is an essential step towards future development of potential pesticide targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zeng
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Thi-Minh-Dien Vuong
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Center of Technology Development and Agricultural Extension, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi 100803, Viet Nam
| | - Jiang-Hong Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jia-Xing Guo
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Bing Bi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zeng J, Shi Z, Shi J, Guo J, Zhang G, Zhang J. Ambient temperature-mediated enzymic activities and intestinal microflora in Lymantria dispar larvae. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2019; 102:e21597. [PMID: 31328829 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand how ambient temperature affect the gypsy moth larvae, and provide a theoretical basis for pest control in different environments. Fourth instar gypsy moth larvae were incubating for 3 hr at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. Afterward, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora community were analyzed to reveal how the caterpillars respond to ambient temperature stress. Results showed that both digestive and antioxidant enzymes were regulated by the ambient temperature. The optimum incubation temperatures of protease, amylase, trehalase, and lipase in gypsy moth larvae were 30℃, 25℃, and 20℃, respectively. When the incubation temperature was deviated optimum temperatures, digestive enzyme activities would be downregulated depending on the extent of temperature stress. In addition, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase would be activated under a sufferable temperature stress, but superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterase (CarE) would be inhibited. In addition, results showed that the top two abundant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The phylum Firmicutes abundance was decreased and phylum Proteobacteria abundance was increased by ambient temperature stress. Moreover, it suggested that gypsy moth caterpillars at different ambient temperature mainly differed from each other by Escherichia-Shigella and Bifidobacterium in control, Acinetobacter in T15, and Lactobacillus in T40, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JianYong Zeng
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - ZhongBin Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JianHong Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JiaXing Guo
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fang KR, Shi ZB, Yang ZC, Jiang M, Zhong WL, Wen J, Shi PW, Li YG, Liu ZT, Liu Y, Ding XT, Yang QW, Xu M. An eight-channel correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for turbulent electron temperature fluctuation measurement in HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:063503. [PMID: 31255033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) diagnostic has recently been installed on the HL-2A tokamak in order to study electron temperature fluctuations. Eight radial locations are measured simultaneously through eight pairs of correlated channels. Multiplexers are employed in the intermediate frequency section instead of the conventional separated filter banks to meet strict cross-isolation specifications and lower insertion loss. Relative electron temperature fluctuations are observed by CECE for the first time on the HL-2A by using the spectral decorrelation method. The achieved minimum detectable fluctuation level is up to (T̃e/Te)min∼0.5%. When studying electron temperature fluctuations in the core region with gas puffing, the cross-power spectra show that the amplitude of the electron temperature fluctuation increases in a high temperature and low density plasma. Further analysis demonstrates that the electron temperature gradient ∇Te drives the electron temperature fluctuations together with electron heat transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Fang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y G Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z T Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li YG, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang HX, Yi J, Cheng J, Yao K, Yu LM, Chen W, Deng ZC, Shi ZB, Liu Y, Yang QW. High-sensitivity far-forward collective scattering diagnostic on HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:053502. [PMID: 31153266 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The multichannel formic acid (HCOOH, λ = 432.5 µm) laser interferometer and Faraday-effect polarimeter on HL-2A tokamak have been developed to measure the far-forward collective scattering from electron density fluctuations. The far-forward collective scattering system provides eight channels of line-integrated electron density fluctuations, covering the wave-number range: k⊥ < 1.6 cm-1. With the new diagnostic, the density fluctuations caused by plasma energetic particles and turbulence have been routinely observed in HL-2A experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y G Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H X Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Yi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Cheng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - K Yao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L M Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen WJ, Yu DL, Yan LW, Yuan BS, He XX, Liu L, Wei YL, Wang J, Shi ZB, Liu Y, Yang QW. Note: Real-time wavelength matching system designed for the motional Stark effect polarimeter on HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:126103. [PMID: 30599558 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 7-channel motional Stark effect diagnostic based on dual photo-elastic modulators is installed and operated routinely for rather low beam energy and magnetic field on the HL-2A tokamak, with a spatial resolution of ∼3 cm and a temporal resolution of 10 ms. The instrument observes the σ component of the full energy Dα from the first or the fourth ion source of a neutral beam injector. However, the change in beam energy during a discharge causes variation of the Doppler shift with the maximum of 1 Å, which leads to the polarization fraction drop from 30%-40% to 10% and then makes the signal-to-noise ratio of the system become very poor. Therefore, a real-time wavelength matching system is designed to promote polarization fraction. The beam emission spectra are filtered by using a monochrometer in real time. And a narrowband filter is tilted by using an absolutely calibrated rotator through beam energy in order to make sure that the deviation of wavelength matching is less than 0.1 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D L Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L W Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B S Yuan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X X He
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y L Wei
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shi ZB, Dang XQ. Efficacy of multimodal perioperative analgesia protocol with periarticular medication injection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in total knee arthroplasty. Niger J Clin Pract 2018; 21:1221-1227. [PMID: 30156211 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_395_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background This research examined multimodal analgesia and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for early analgesic effect and rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A total of 110 patients who were scheduled to undergo TKA were randomly divided into two groups, experimental group and control group. The experimental group received a periarticular multimodal drug injection containing 200 mg ropivacaine, 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine, 0.3 mg epinephrine, and 5 mg hexadecadrol during surgery. The control group received an equal volume of normal saline. All the patients received an analgesia pump and moderate NSAIDs. Resting and motion numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, knee joint range of motion, length of postoperative hospital stay, patient satisfaction, total nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory consumption, and side effects were recorded. Results The experimental group exhibited significant improvement in pain NRS scores during rest and exercise several days postoperatively. The range of joint motion was more flexible in the experimental group, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was shorter (9.25 ± 1.99 days vs. 10.44 ± 2.62 days, P < 0.05). Patients in the experimental group consumed fewer NSAIDs (965 mg vs. 1325 mg, P < 0.05) and reported greater satisfaction with the surgery. Conclusion Intraoperative periarticular injection with multimodal drugs significantly relieved pain after surgery and reduced the requirements for NSAIDs. This injection also improved patient satisfaction and the range of joint motion with no apparent risks following TKA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z B Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - X Q Dang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li D, Dong YB, Deng W, Shi ZB, Fu BZ, Gao JM, Wang TB, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Yang QW, Duan XR. Bayesian tomography and integrated data analysis in fusion diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E319. [PMID: 27910627 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a Bayesian tomography method using non-stationary Gaussian process for a prior has been introduced. The Bayesian formalism allows quantities which bear uncertainty to be expressed in the probabilistic form so that the uncertainty of a final solution can be fully resolved from the confidence interval of a posterior probability. Moreover, a consistency check of that solution can be performed by checking whether the misfits between predicted and measured data are reasonably within an assumed data error. In particular, the accuracy of reconstructions is significantly improved by using the non-stationary Gaussian process that can adapt to the varying smoothness of emission distribution. The implementation of this method to a soft X-ray diagnostics on HL-2A has been used to explore relevant physics in equilibrium and MHD instability modes. This project is carried out within a large size inference framework, aiming at an integrated analysis of heterogeneous diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Y B Dong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - B Z Fu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J M Gao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - T B Wang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhong WL, Shen Y, Zou XL, Gao JM, Shi ZB, Dong JQ, Duan XR, Xu M, Cui ZY, Li YG, Ji XQ, Yu DL, Cheng J, Xiao GL, Jiang M, Yang ZC, Zhang BY, Shi PW, Liu ZT, Song XM, Ding XT, Liu Y. Observation of Double Impurity Critical Gradients for Electromagnetic Turbulence Excitation in Tokamak Plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:045001. [PMID: 27494476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of impurity ions on a pedestal has been investigated in the HL-2A Tokamak, at the Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China. Experimental results have clearly shown that during the H-mode phase, an electromagnetic turbulence was excited in the edge plasma region, where the impurity ions exhibited a peaked profile. It has been found that double impurity critical gradients are responsible for triggering the turbulence. Strong stiffness of the impurity profile has been observed during cyclic transitions between the I-phase and H-mode regime. The results suggest that the underlying physics of the self-regulated edge impurity profile offers the possibility for an active control of the pedestal dynamics via pedestal turbulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Shen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Zou
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - J M Gao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J Q Dong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - M Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Cui
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Y G Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X Q Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - D L Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - J Cheng
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - G L Xiao
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z C Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z T Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X M Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang YP, Yang JW, Liu Y, Fan TS, Luo XB, Yuan GL, Zhang PF, Xie XF, Song XY, Chen W, Ji XQ, Li X, Du TF, Ge LJ, Fu BZ, Isobe M, Song XM, Shi ZB, Yang QW, Duan XR. Development of the radial neutron camera system for the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:063503. [PMID: 27370450 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new radial neutron camera system has been developed and operated recently in the HL-2A tokamak to measure the spatial and time resolved 2.5 MeV D-D fusion neutron, enhancing the understanding of the energetic-ion physics. The camera mainly consists of a multichannel collimator, liquid-scintillation detectors, shielding systems, and a data acquisition system. Measurements of the D-D fusion neutrons using the camera have been successfully performed during the 2015 HL-2A experiment campaign. The measurements show that the distribution of the fusion neutrons in the HL-2A plasma has a peaked profile, suggesting that the neutral beam injection beam ions in the plasma have a peaked distribution. It also suggests that the neutrons are primarily produced from beam-target reactions in the plasma core region. The measurement results from the neutron camera are well consistent with the results of both a standard (235)U fission chamber and NUBEAM neutron calculations. In this paper, the new radial neutron camera system on HL-2A and the first experimental results are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T S Fan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X B Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G L Yuan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - P F Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F Xie
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X Y Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Q Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T F Du
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - L J Ge
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - B Z Fu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Isobe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5259, Japan
| | - X M Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang M, Shi ZB, Domier CW, Luhmann NC, Zhong WL, Chen W, Liu ZT, Ding XT, Yang QW, Zhang BY, Yang ZC, Shi PW, Liu Y, Fu BZ, Xu Y. Note: Upgrade of electron cyclotron emission imaging system and preliminary results on HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:076107. [PMID: 26233421 DOI: 10.1063/1.4927072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The electron cyclotron emission imaging system on the HL-2A tokamak has been upgraded to 24 (poloidally) × 16 (radially) channels based on the previous 24 × 8 array. The measurement region can be flexibly shifted due to the independence of the two local oscillator sources, and the field of view can be adjusted easily by changing the position of the zoom lenses. The temporal resolution is about 2.5 μs and the achievable spatial resolution is 1 cm. After laboratory calibration, it was installed on HL-2A tokamak in 2014, and the local 2D mode structures of MHD activities were obtained for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C W Domier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - N C Luhmann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z T Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B Y Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z C Yang
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - P W Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - B Z Fu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Xu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang QW, Yin ZJ, Zhou HY, Yang JW, Shi ZB, Ji XQ, Yuan GL, Zhang YP, Yu DL, Jiang M, Li W, Ding XT, Cao HR. Diagnostics for energetic particle studies on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D857. [PMID: 25430270 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
About 13 kinds of diagnostics for energetic particle physics studied on the HuanLiuqi-2A (commonly referred to as HL-2A) tokamak are described in this paper. Their measurement ranges, resolutions, and arrangement are presented. Three under-construction diagnostics including imaging fast ion D-alpha, scintillator matrix (for hard X-ray detection), and bundle fission chamber are described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z J Yin
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H Y Zhou
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Q Ji
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G L Yuan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D L Yu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H R Cao
- Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shi ZB, Jiang M, Huang XL, Zhong WL, Chen W, Che YL, Liu ZT, Ding XT, Yang QW, Duan XR. Calibration of a 32 channel electron cyclotron emission radiometer on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:023510. [PMID: 24593364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel 32-channel electron cyclotron emission radiometer has been designed and tested for the measurement of electron temperature profiles on the HL-2A tokamak. This system is based on the intermediate frequency filter detection technique, and has the features of wide working frequency range and high spatial resolution. Two relative calibration methods have been investigated: sweeping the toroidal magnetic field and hopping the output frequency of the local oscillator. Preliminary results show that both methods can ensure reasonable profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X L Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y L Che
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z T Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhong WL, Shi ZB, Huang XL, Liu ZT, Chen W, Jiang M, Li J, Cui ZY, Song XM, Chen LY, Zou XL, Ding XT, Liu Y, Yan LW, Yang QW, Duan XR. Development of frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer for electron density profile measurement on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:013507. [PMID: 24517765 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer was developed for the first time on the HL-2A tokamak. The system utilizes a voltage controlled oscillator and an active multiplier for broadband coverage and detects as heterodyne mode. Three reflectometers have been installed and operated in extraordinary mode polarization on HL-2A to measure density profiles at low field side, covering the Q-band (33-50 GHz), V-band (50-75 GHz), and W-band (75-110 GHz). For density profile reconstruction from the phase shift of the probing wave, a corrected phase unwrapping method is introduced in this article. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. The density profile behavior of a fast plasma event is presented and it demonstrates the capability of the reflectometer. These diagnostics will be contributed to the routine density profile measurements and the plasma physics study on HL-2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z B Shi
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X L Huang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z T Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Li
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Y Cui
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X M Song
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Y Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X L Zou
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - X T Ding
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L W Yan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q W Yang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X R Duan
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang M, Shi ZB, Che S, Domier CW, Luhmann NC, Hu X, Spear A, Liu ZT, Ding XT, Li J, Zhong WL, Chen W, Che YL, Fu BZ, Cui ZY, Sun P, Liu Y, Yang QW, Duan XR. Development of electron cyclotron emission imaging system on the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:113501. [PMID: 24289395 DOI: 10.1063/1.4828671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 2D electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system has been developed for measurement of electron temperature fluctuations in the HL-2A tokamak. It is comprised of a front-end 24 channel heterodyne imaging array with a tunable RF range spanning 75-110 GHz, and a set of back-end ECEI electronics that together generate 24 × 8 = 192 channel images of the 2nd harmonic X-mode electron cyclotron emission from the HL-2A plasma. The simulated performance of the local oscillator (LO) optics and radio frequency (RF) optics is presented, together with the laboratory characterization results. The Gaussian beams from the LO optics are observed to properly cover the entire detector array. The ECE signals from the plasma are mixed with the LO signal in the array box, then delivered to the electronics system by low-loss microwave cables, and finally to the digitizers. The ECEI system can achieve temporal resolutions of ~μs, and spatial resolutions of 1 cm (radially) and 2 cm (poloidally).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Jiang
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P. O. Box 432, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu M, Tynan GR, Diamond PH, Manz P, Holland C, Fedorczak N, Thakur SC, Yu JH, Zhao KJ, Dong JQ, Cheng J, Hong WY, Yan LW, Yang QW, Song XM, Huang Y, Cai LZ, Zhong WL, Shi ZB, Ding XT, Duan XR, Liu Y. Frequency-resolved nonlinear turbulent energy transfer into zonal flows in strongly heated L-mode plasmas in the HL-2A tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:245001. [PMID: 23004280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The absolute rate of nonlinear energy transfer among broadband turbulence, low-frequency zonal flows (ZFs) and geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) was measured for the first time in fusion-grade plasmas using two independent methods across a range of heating powers. The results show that turbulent kinetic energy from intermediate frequencies (20-80 kHz) was transferred into ZFs and GAMs, as well as into fluctuations at higher frequencies (>80 kHz). As the heating power was increased, the energy transfer from turbulence into GAMs and the GAM amplitudes increased, peaked and then decreased, while the energy transfer into the ZFs and the ZFs themselves increased monotonically with heating power. Thus there exists a competition between ZFs and GAMs for the transfer of turbulent energy, and the transfer into ZFs becomes dominant as the heating power is increased. The poloidal-radial Reynolds stress and the mean radial electric field profiles were also measured at different heating powers and found to be consistent with the energy transfer measurement. The results suggest that ZFs play an important role in the low-to-high (L-H) plasma confinement transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Xu
- Center for Momentum Transport and Flow Organization, University of California at San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhong WL, Shi ZB, Zou XL, Ding XT, Huang XL, Dong YB, Liu ZT, Xiao WW, Ji XQ, Cui ZY, Liu Y, Yan LW, Yang QW, Duan XR. Time-frequency analysis for microwave reflectometry data processing in the HL-2A tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:103508. [PMID: 22047295 DOI: 10.1063/1.3657157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Choi-Williams distribution (CWD) technique is introduced as a time-frequency tool for processing data measured from the new developed homodyne and the fixed frequency reflectometry in the HL-2A tokamak. The comparison between spectrogram and CWD for the simulated signal is presented. It indicates that the CWD can greatly improve the representation of the time-frequency content of the multi-components signal. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through two applications in HL-2A, which are the extraction of beat frequencies from the frequency modulated-continuous wave reflectometry (FM-CW) and the characterizing of the fluctuations. The density profile inversed from the group delay of the FM-CW and the density fluctuations deduced from the fixed-frequency reflectometry would be more reliable and accurate by using the CWD technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Zhong
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu Y, Shi ZB, Dong YB, Sun HJ, Sun AP, Li YG, Xia ZW, Li W, Ding XT, Xiao WW, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Rao J, Liu ZT, Yang QW, Duan XR. Observation of turbulence suppression after electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating switch-off on the HL-2A tokamak. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:016403. [PMID: 21867318 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.016403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a transient internal transport barrier (ITB) is observed after the electron-cyclotron-resonance-heating (ECRH) switch-off in the HL-2A plasmas, characterized by transient increase of central electron temperature. The newly developed correlation reflectometer provided direct measurements showing reduction of turbulence in the region of steepened gradients for the period of ITB formation triggered by the ECRH switch-off. Furthermore, the reduction of core turbulence is correlated in time with the appearance of a low-frequency mode with a spectrally broad poloidal structure that peaks near zero frequency in the core region. These structures have low poloidal mode number, high poloidal correlation, and short radial correlation and are strongly coupled with high-frequency ambient turbulence. Observation indicates that these structures play important roles in the reduction of the core turbulence and in improvements of the core transport after the off-axis ECRH is turned off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, Chengdu, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen W, Ding XT, Yang QW, Liu Y, Ji XQ, Zhang YP, Zhou J, Yuan GL, Sun HJ, Li W, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Dong JQ, Feng BB, Song XM, Shi ZB, Liu ZT, Song XY, Li LC, Duan XR, Liu Y. β-induced Alfvén eigenmodes destabilized by energetic electrons in a Tokamak plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:185004. [PMID: 21231113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.185004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The β-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) excited by energetic electrons has been identified for the first time both in the Ohmic and electron cyclotron resonance heating plasma in HL-2A. The features of the instability, including its frequency, mode number, and propagation direction, can be observed by magnetic pickup probes. The mode frequency is comparable to that of the continuum accumulation point of the lowest frequency gap induced by the shear Alfvén continuous spectrum due to finite β effect, and it is proportional to Alfvén velocity at thermal ion β held constant. The experimental results show that the BAE is related not only with the population of the energetic electrons, but also their energy and pitch angles. The results indicate that the barely circulating and deeply trapped electrons play an important role in the mode excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Southwestern Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 432 Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamaguchi S, Nagayama Y, Kuwahara D, Yoshinaga T, Shi ZB, Kogi Y, Mase A. Development of microwave imaging reflectometry in large helical device. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10F111. [PMID: 19044595 DOI: 10.1063/1.2993741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three key devices of the microwave imaging reflectometry (MIR) are under development in large helical device (LHD). The 2-D mixer array is developed by stacking the one-dimensional array of the planar Yagi-Uda antenna. The new type of the bandpass filter bank is modified to match the requirement of the MIR. The low-cost quadrature demodulator is also developed for the phase detection system. By using the low-price commercial wireless devices, the development cost becomes much lower than the expensive waveguide system. These devices enable the development of 2-D/3-D microwave imaging system for the plasma diagnostics and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Engineering Science, Kansai University, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|