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Askwith Z, Grignon J, Ismail M, Martin G, McEachern LW, Seabrook JA, Gilliland JA. Environmental influences on E-cigarette use among young people: A systematic review. Health Place 2024; 87:103212. [PMID: 38493658 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
E-cigarettes are a popular mode of delivery for nicotine, tobacco and cannabis. The prevalence of vaping among youth is increasing and this review aims to identify features of the neighbourhood environment, e.g., retailers, advertisements, and policies, that are associated with youth vaping. We included 48 studies. Of these, approximately 40% and 60% reported that presence of e-cigarette retailers, and advertisements, was associated with statistically higher odds of e-cigarette use in youth, respectively. Approximately 30% of studies reported that policies affecting e-cigarette availability were associated with statistically lower odds of vaping. Identifying these influential features of the neighbourhood environment will help formulate appropriate policies to reduce e-cigarette use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Askwith
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada
| | - Josh Grignon
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada
| | - Mariam Ismail
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada
| | - Gina Martin
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada; Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Canada
| | - Louise W McEachern
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Western University, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Western University, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Martin G, Bowman DD, Graat M, Clark AF, Wray AJ, Askwith Z, Seabrook JA, Gilliland JA. Examining how changes in provincial policy on vape marketing impacted the distribution of vaping advertisements near secondary schools in London, Ontario. Can J Public Health 2021; 112:440-448. [PMID: 33410122 PMCID: PMC8076358 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES On January 1, 2020, the Government of Ontario passed a regulation banning vaping advertisements by retailers, apart from specialty shops. A motivation for this ban was to limit youth exposure to vaping advertisements. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of this ban on the number and density of vaping advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Additionally, we examined whether the number of vaping advertisements varied by school socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS This study used a pre-post design. Audits were conducted December 2019 (pre-ban) and again January to February 2020 (post-ban), to identify vaping advertisements within 800 m surrounding secondary schools (n = 18) in London, Ontario. RESULTS Prior to the ban, there were 266 vaping advertisements within 800 m of secondary schools. After the ban, this was reduced to 58, a 78.2% reduction. The mean number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools significantly decreased from 18.1 before the ban to 3.6 after the ban (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found, prior to the ban, between the number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools and school-level residential instability (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). After the ban, no significant correlations were found between the number of vaping advertisements and school socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION The provincial ban of vaping advertisements in select retail settings significantly reduced the number of vaping advertisements in the areas surrounding secondary schools in London, Ontario. The ban also reduced socio-demographic inequities in youths' potential exposure to marketing of vaping products. Continued monitoring of the geographic accessibility and promotion of vaping products is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Drew D Bowman
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Megan Graat
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexander J Wray
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Zoe Askwith
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H2, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, Room 2432, SSC, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada. .,Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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