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Coughlin JW, Brantley PJ, Champagne CM, Vollmer WM, Stevens VJ, Funk K, Dalcin AT, Jerome GJ, Myers VH, Tyson C, Batch BC, Charleston J, Loria CM, Bauck A, Hollis JF, Svetkey LP, Appel LJ. The impact of continued intervention on weight: Five-year results from the weight loss maintenance trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1046-53. [PMID: 26991814 PMCID: PMC4896740 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the Weight Loss Maintenance (WLM) Trial, a personal contact (PC) intervention sustained greater weight loss relative to a self-directed (SD) group over 30 months. This study investigated the effects of continued intervention over an additional 30 months and overall weight change across the entire WLM Trial. METHODS WLM had 3 phases. Phase 1 was a 6-month weight loss program. In Phase 2, those who lost ≥4 kg were randomized to a 30-month maintenance trial. In Phase 3, PC participants (n = 196, three sites) were re-randomized to no further intervention (PC-Control) or continued intervention (PC-Active) for 30 more months; 218 SD participants were also followed. RESULTS During Phase 3, weight increased 1.0 kg in PC-Active and 0.5 kg in PC-Control (mean difference 0.6 kg; 95% CI:-1.4 to 2.7; P = 0.54). Mean weight change over the entire study was -3.2 kg in those originally assigned to PC (PC-Combined) and -1.6 kg in SD (mean difference -1.6 kg; 95% CI:-3.0 to -0.1; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS After 30 months of the PC maintenance intervention, continuation for another 30 months provided no additional benefit. However, across the entire study, weight loss was slightly greater in those originally assigned to PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle W. Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip J. Brantley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - William M. Vollmer
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Victor J. Stevens
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristine Funk
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Arlene T. Dalcin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald J. Jerome
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Crystal Tyson
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Hypertension Center and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan C. Batch
- Duke Hypertension Center and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeanne Charleston
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alan Bauck
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack F. Hollis
- The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura P. Svetkey
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Hypertension Center and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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