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Chicoine A, Renaud DL, Enouri SS, Dowling PM, Gu Y, Johnson RJ. Depletion of dexamethasone in cattle: Food safety study in dairy and beef cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:80-86. [PMID: 37755169 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is approved for cattle in Canada for several conditions, but no withdrawal times are currently provided on the approved labels. Recently, the list of Maximum Residues Limits for Veterinary Drugs in Foods in Canada was amended to include dexamethasone. The objectives of this study were to determine the residue depletion profile of dexamethasone after an extra-label dosage regimen in milk of healthy lactating dairy cattle (n = 18) and in edible tissues of healthy beef cattle (n = 16) and to suggest withdrawal intervals. Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly at 0.05 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Milk samples were collected prior to treatment and every 12 h up to 96 h post-dose. Muscle, liver, kidney, and peri-renal fat tissues were collected from beef cattle at 3, 7, 11, or 15 days post-dose. Dexamethasone analysis was performed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Dexamethasone residues were detected in milk samples up to 36 h. Muscle and fat had no detectable dexamethasone residues while kidney and liver had detectable residues only on day 3 post-dose. A withdrawal interval of 48 h for milk in Canadian dairy cattle and 7 days for meat in Canadian beef cattle are suggested for the dexamethasone treatment regimen most commonly requested to CgFARAD™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Chicoine
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saad S Enouri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Dowling
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron J Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Marras G, Cánovas Á. GALLO: An R package for genomic annotation and integration of multiple data sources in livestock for positional candidate loci. Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa149. [PMID: 33377911 PMCID: PMC7772745 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of high-throughput sequencing and genotyping methodologies has enabled the identification of thousands of genomic regions associated with several complex traits. The integration of multiple sources of biological information is a crucial step required to better understand patterns regulating the development of these traits. FINDINGS Genomic Annotation in Livestock for positional candidate LOci (GALLO) is an R package developed for the accurate annotation of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) located in regions identified in common genomic analyses performed in livestock, such as genome-wide association studies and transcriptomics using RNA sequencing. Moreover, GALLO allows the graphical visualization of gene and QTL annotation results, data comparison among different grouping factors (e.g., methods, breeds, tissues, statistical models, studies), and QTL enrichment in different livestock species such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and chickens. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, GALLO is a useful package for annotation, identification of hidden patterns across datasets, and data mining previously reported associations, as well as the efficient examination of the genetic architecture of complex traits in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A S Fonseca
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph N1G 2W1, ONT, Canada
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph N1G 2W1, ONT, Canada
| | - Gabriele Marras
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph N1G 2W1, ONT, Canada
- The Semex Alliance, 5653 ON-6, Guelph N1G 3Z2, ONT, Canada
| | - Ángela Cánovas
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph N1G 2W1, ONT, Canada
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Fonseca PADS, Id-Lahoucine S, Reverter A, Medrano JF, Fortes MS, Casellas J, Miglior F, Brito L, Carvalho MRS, Schenkel FS, Nguyen LT, Porto-Neto LR, Thomas MG, Cánovas A. Combining multi-OMICs information to identify key-regulator genes for pleiotropic effect on fertility and production traits in beef cattle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205295. [PMID: 30335783 PMCID: PMC6193631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biological processes related to the regulation of complex traits is a difficult task. Commonly, complex traits are regulated through a multitude of genes contributing each to a small part of the total genetic variance. Additionally, some loci can simultaneously regulate several complex traits, a phenomenon defined as pleiotropy. The lack of understanding on the biological processes responsible for the regulation of these traits results in the decrease of selection efficiency and the selection of undesirable hitchhiking effects. The identification of pleiotropic key-regulator genes can assist in developing important tools for investigating biological processes underlying complex traits. A multi-breed and multi-OMICs approach was applied to study the pleiotropic effects of key-regulator genes using three independent beef cattle populations evaluated for fertility traits. A pleiotropic map for 32 traits related to growth, feed efficiency, carcass and meat quality, and reproduction was used to identify genes shared among the different populations and breeds in pleiotropic regions. Furthermore, data-mining analyses were performed using the Cattle QTL database (CattleQTLdb) to identify the QTL category annotated in the regions around the genes shared among breeds. This approach allowed the identification of a main gene network (composed of 38 genes) shared among breeds. This gene network was significantly associated with thyroid activity, among other biological processes, and displayed a high regulatory potential. In addition, it was possible to identify genes with pleiotropic effects related to crucial biological processes that regulate economically relevant traits associated with fertility, production and health, such as MYC, PPARG, GSK3B, TG and IYD genes. These genes will be further investigated to better understand the biological processes involved in the expression of complex traits and assist in the identification of functional variants associated with undesirable phenotypes, such as decreased fertility, poor feed efficiency and negative energetic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samir Id-Lahoucine
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juan F. Medrano
- University of California-Davis, Department of Animal Science, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Marina S. Fortes
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joaquim Casellas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Miglior
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Dairy Network, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luiz Brito
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Raquel S. Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio S. Schenkel
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loan T. Nguyen
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laercio R. Porto-Neto
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Milton G. Thomas
- Colorado State University, Department of Animal Science, Fort-Colins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Angela Cánovas
- University of Guelph, Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Montanholi YR, Haas LS, Swanson KC, Coomber BL, Yamashiro S, Miller SP. Liver morphometrics and metabolic blood profile across divergent phenotypes for feed efficiency in the bovine. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:24. [PMID: 28446193 PMCID: PMC5405500 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed costs are a major expense in the production of beef cattle. Individual variation in the efficiency of feed utilization may be evident through feed efficiency-related phenotypes such as those related to major energetic sinks. Our objectives were to assess the relationships between feed efficiency with liver morphometry and metabolic blood profile in feedlot beef cattle. METHODS Two populations (A = 112 and B = 45) of steers were tested for feed efficiency. Blood from the 12 most (efficient) and 12 least feed inefficient (inefficient) steers from population A was sampled hourly over the circadian period. Blood plasma samples were submitted for analysis on albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase urea, cholesterol, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lipase, carbon dioxide, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetate and bile acids. Liver tissue was also harvested from 24 steers that were blood sampled from population A and the 10 steers with divergent feed efficiency in each tail of population B was sampled for microscopy at slaughter. Photomicroscopy images were taken using the portal triad and central vein as landmarks. Histological quantifications included cross-sectional hepatocyte perimeter and area, hepatocyte nuclear area and nuclei area as proportion of the hepatocyte area. The least square means comparison between efficient and inefficient steers for productive performance and liver morphometry and for blood analytes data were analyzed using general linear model and mixed model procedures of SAS, respectively. RESULTS No differences were observed for liver weight; however, efficient steers had larger hepatocyte (i.e. hepatocyte area at the porta triad 323.31 vs. 286.37 µm2) and nuclei dimensions at portal triad and central vein regions, compared with inefficient steers. The metabolic profile indicated efficient steers had lower albumin (36.18 vs. 37.65 g/l) and cholesterol (2.62 vs. 3.05 mmol/l) and higher creatinine (118.59 vs. 110.50 mmol/l) and carbon dioxide (24.36 vs. 23.65 mmol/l) than inefficient steers. CONCLUSIONS Improved feed efficiency is associated with increased metabolism by the liver (enlarged hepatocytes and no difference on organ size), muscle (higher creatinine) and whole body (higher carbon dioxide); additionally, efficient steers had reduced bloodstream pools of albumin and cholesterol. These metabolic discrepancies between feed efficient and inefficient cattle may be determinants of productive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Regis Montanholi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 58 River Road, Bible Hill, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Livia Sadocco Haas
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000 Brazil
| | - Kendall Carl Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102 USA
| | - Brenda Lee Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Shigeto Yamashiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Stephen Paul Miller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
- Angus Genetics Inc, Saint Joseph, MO 64506 USA
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