1
|
Zhang Y, Zhou J, Ji L, Zhang L, Zhao L, Guo Y, Wei H, Lu L. Bacillus subtilis improves antioxidant capacity and optimizes inflammatory state in broilers. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1041-1052. [PMID: 38419535 PMCID: PMC11065946 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacillus subtilis, a kind of probiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial function, was commonly used in livestock and poultry production. Recent research suggested that Bacillus subtilis may have antioxidant properties and improve immune response. This study aimed to verify the probiotic function of Bacillus subtilis in the production of broiler chickens. METHODS A total of 324 (1-day-old) Arbor Acres broilers were selected and randomly divided into three groups: basal diet group (Ctr Group), basal diet + antibiotic growth promoter group (Ctr + AGP) and basal diet + 0.5% Bacillus subtilis preparation group (Ctr + Bac). The experiment lasted for 42 days. Muscle, serum and liver samples were collected at 42 days for determination. RESULTS The results showed that Bacillus subtilis could decrease malondialdehyde content in the serum and liver (p<0.05) and increase superoxide dismutase 1 mRNA expression (p<0.01) and total superoxide dismutase (p<0.05) in the liver. In addition, compared with AGP supplementation, Bacillus subtilis supplementation increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β level in the serum (p<0.05). At 45 minutes after slaughter Ctr + Bac presented a higher a* value of breast muscle than Ctr Group (p<0.05), while significant change in leg muscle was not identified. Moreover, there was no difference in weight, shear force, cooking loss and drip loss of breast and leg muscle between treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis in diet can enhance antioxidant capacity and optimize immune response of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,
China
| | - Junyan Zhou
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
| | - Linbao Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,
China
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193,
China
| | - Liying Zhao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
| | - Yubing Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
| | - Haitao Wei
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
| | - Lin Lu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206,
China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Yu L, Zhang M, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Zhang J, Tian J. MdWER interacts with MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 to mediate methyl jasmonate- and light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38319946 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin generation in apples (Malus domestica) and the pigmentation that results from it may be caused by irradiation and through administration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, their regulatory interrelationships associated with fruit coloration are not well defined. To determine whether MdERF109, a transcription factor (TF) involved in light-mediated coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis, has synergistic effects with other proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assessment and identified another TF, MdWER. MdWER was induced by MeJA treatment, and although overexpression of MdWER alone did not promote anthocyanin accumulation co-overexpression with MdERF109 resulted in significantly increase in anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdWER may form a protein complex with MdERF109 to promote anthocyanin accumulation by enhancing combinations between the proteins and their corresponding genes. In addition, MdWER, as a MeJA responsive protein, interacts with the anthocyanin repressor MdJAZ2. Transient co-expression in apple fruit and protein interaction assays allowed us to conclude that MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 interact with MdWER and take part in the production of anthocyanins upon MeJA treatment and irradiation. Our findings validate a role for the MdERF109-MdWER-MdJAZ2 module in anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncover a novel mechanism for how light and MeJA signals are coordinated anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo W, Yang Y, Ma B, Wang W, Hu Z, Leng P. Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Euonymus japonicus Based on RNA Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:131. [PMID: 38275612 PMCID: PMC10815735 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Euonymus japonicus is one of the most low-temperature-tolerant evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the world and is widely used in urban greening. However, there are very few molecular biology studies on its low-temperature tolerance mechanism. So far, no researcher has selected and reported on its reference genes. In this study, 21 candidate reference genes (12 traditional housekeeping genes and 9 other genes) were initially selected based on gene expression and coefficient of variation (CV) through RNA-Seq (unpublished data), and qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of candidate reference genes in three different groups of samples (leaves under different temperature stresses, leaves of plants at different growth stages, and different organs). After further evaluating the expression stability of these genes using geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper, and RefFind, the results show that the traditional housekeeping gene eIF5A and the new reference gene RTNLB1 have good stability in the three different groups of samples, so they are reference genes with universality. In addition, we used eIF5A and RTNLB1 as reference genes to calibrate the expression pattern of the target gene EjMAH1, which confirmed this view. This article is the first to select and report on the reference gene of E. japonicus, laying the foundation for its low-temperature tolerance mechanism and other molecular biology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (W.G.); (B.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Yihui Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (W.G.); (B.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Bo Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (W.G.); (B.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenbo Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (W.G.); (B.M.); (W.W.)
| | - Zenghui Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Ancient Tree Health and Ancient Tree Culture of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pingsheng Leng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; (W.G.); (B.M.); (W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Qu J, Lu M, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Shi Y, Liu C, Li Y, Wang C, Xu M, Nan Z, Cao Q, Pan J, Liu W, Li X, Sun Q, Wang W. The maize transcription factor CCT regulates drought tolerance by interacting with Fra a 1, E3 ligase WIPF2, and auxin response factor Aux/IAA8. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:103-122. [PMID: 37725963 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are commonly exposed to abiotic stressors, which can affect their growth, productivity, and quality. Previously, the maize transcription factor ZmCCT was shown to be involved in the photoperiod response, delayed flowering, and quantitative resistance to Gibberella stalk rot. In this study, we demonstrate that ZmCCT can regulate plant responses to drought. ZmCCT physically interacted with ZmFra a 1, ZmWIPF2, and ZmAux/IAA8, which localized to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo in a yeast two-hybrid screen in response to abiotic stress. Notably, ZmCCT recruits ZmWIPF2 to the nucleus, which has strong E3 self-ubiquitination activity dependent on its RING-H2 finger domain in vitro. When treated with higher indole-3-acetic acid/abscisic acid ratios, the height and root length of Y331-ΔTE maize plants increased. Y331-ΔTE plants exhibited increased responses to exogenously applied auxin or ABA compared to Y331 plants, indicating that ZmCCT may be a negative regulator of ABA signalling in maize. In vivo, ZmCCT promoted indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in ZmCCT-overexpressing Arabidopsis. RNA-sequencing and DNA affinity purification-sequencing analyses showed that ZmCCT can regulate the expression of ZmRD17, ZmAFP3, ZmPP2C, and ZmARR16 under drought. Our findings provide a detailed overview of the molecular mechanism controlling ZmCCT functions and highlight that ZmCCT has multiple roles in promoting abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chaotian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yipu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjie Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbao Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qingpeng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Wei Y, Yin M, Shen J, Du X, Yan S, Dong M. Star Polymer-Based Nanodelivery System for Pesticides: Enhanced Broad-Spectrum Toxicity and Selective Toxicity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:41595-41602. [PMID: 37970005 PMCID: PMC10633828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology in agriculture can break through many traditional problems of synthetic pesticides, especially for increasing bioactivity and reducing application amount. However, the safety and selective toxicity of nanocarrier-loaded pesticides should be clarified toward natural predators. In this context, an efficient spirotetramat nanodelivery system was successfully constructed based on a star polymer (SPc). Spirotetramat could complex with SPc through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces spontaneously. The self-assembly of the spirotetramat/SPc complex decreased the particle size of spirotetramat from 1292 to 710 nm. After the complexation with SPc, the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of spirotratemat decreased from 252.064 to 108.871 and 332.079 to 189.257 mg/L toward target pest Frankliniella occidentalis and nontarget predator Orius sauteri with the synergic ratios of 2.315 and 1.755, respectively. The possible reason might be due to the enhancement of the broad-spectrum toxicity of SPc-loaded pesticides. Importantly, the selective toxicity ratio (STR) of spirotetramat increased from 1.32 to 1.73 with the help of SPc, indicating the higher selectivity of the spirotratemat/SPc complex toward predators. Meanwhile, the safety coefficient (SC) of spirotratemat was not significantly changed after complexation with SPc, and the spirotratemat/SPc complex belonged to the medium risk pesticide. Overall, the assembly with SPc could not only improve the control efficacy of spirotetramat but also increase its selectivity as well as alleviate its negative effects on predators. The current study is beneficial for understanding the enhancement of broad-spectrum toxicity and the selective toxicity of nanocarrier-loaded pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrui Liu
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Lab of Biomedical
Materials, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangge Du
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department
of Plant Biosecurity and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management
for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Li D, Lu M, Wu Z, Liu C, Shi Y, Zhang M, Nan Z, Wang W. MoJMJD6, a Nuclear Protein, Regulates Conidial Germination and Appressorium Formation at the Early Stage of Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant Pathol J 2023; 39:361-373. [PMID: 37550982 PMCID: PMC10412966 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.12.2022.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In plant-pathogen interactions, Magnaporthe oryzae causes blast disease on more than 50 species of 14 monocot plants, including important crops such as rice, millet, and most 15 recently wheat. M. oryzae is a model fungus for studying plant-microbe interaction, and the main source for fungal pathogenesis in the field. Here we report that MoJMJD6 is required for conidium germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae. We obtained MoJMJD6 mutants (ΔMojmjd6) using a target gene replacement strategy. The MoJMD6 deletion mutants were delayed for conidium germination, glycogen, and lipid droplets utilization and consequently had decreased virulence. In the ΔMojmjd6 null mutants, global histone methyltransferase modifications (H3K4me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me2/3) of the genome were unaffected. Taken together, our results indicated that MoJMJD6 function as a nuclear protein which plays an important role in conidium germination and appressorium formation in the M. oryzae. Our work provides insights into MoJMJD6-mediated regulation in the early stage of pathogenesis in plant fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Zechi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Chaotian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Zhangjie Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing,
China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tong J, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhang Y, Xiong B, Jiang L. Illumina sequencing analysis of the ruminal microbiota in high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198225. [PMID: 30423588 PMCID: PMC6234037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, differences in the ruminal bacterial community between high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows under the same dietary conditions were investigated. Sixteen lactating dairy cows with similar parity and days in milk were divided into high-yield (HY) and low-yield (LY) groups based on their milk yield. On day 21, rumen content samples were collected, and their microbiota compositions were determined using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene by the Illumina MiSeq platform. During the study period, dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were measured daily, and milk composition was assessed 3 times per week. The results showed that the milk of the LY group tended to have higher fat (P = 0.08), protein (P = 0.01) and total solid contents (P = 0.04) than that of the HY group, while the HY group had higher ruminal propionate (P = 0.08) proportion and volatile fatty acid (VFA) (P = 0.02) concentrations. Principal coordinate analysis indicated significant differences in ruminal bacterial community compositions and structures between the HY group and LY group. The abundances of Ruminococcus 2, Lachnospiraceae and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes were significantly higher in the HY group than in the LY group. In addition, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus 2 and Candidatus-Saccharimonas were positively correlated with ruminal propionate proportion (r>0.4, P<0.05). These findings enhance the understanding of bacterial synthesis within the rumen and reveal an important mechanism underlying differences in milk production in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Delian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xing Y, Chen WH, Jia W, Zhang J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5)-mediated signalling cascade regulates expression of iron superoxide dismutase gene in Arabidopsis under salinity stress. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5971-81. [PMID: 26136265 PMCID: PMC4566985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are involved in plant adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses but the upstream signalling process that modulates their expression is not clear. Expression of two iron SODs, FSD2 and FSD3, was significantly increased in Arabidopsis in response to NaCl treatment but blocked in transgenic MKK5-RNAi plant, mkk5. Using an assay system for transient expression in protoplasts, it was found that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MKK5) was also activated in response to salt stress. Overexpression of MKK5 in wild-type plants enhanced their tolerance to salt treatments, while mkk5 mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to salt stress in germination on salt-containing media. Moreover, another kinase, MPK6, was also involved in the MKK5-mediated iron superoxide dismutase (FSD) signalling pathway in salt stress. The kinase activity of MPK6 was totally turned off in mkk5, whereas the activity of MPK3 was only partially blocked. MKK5 interacted with the MEKK1 protein that was also involved in the salt-induced FSD signalling pathway. These data suggest that salt-induced FSD2 and FSD3 expressions are influenced by MEKK1 via MKK5-MPK6-coupled signalling. This MAP kinase cascade (MEKK1, MKK5, and MPK6) mediates the salt-induced expression of iron superoxide dismutases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique and College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Chen
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science & Technology CAAS, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|