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Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Tang P, Coyle PV, Yassine HM, Al Thani AA, Al-Khatib HA, Hasan MR, Al-Kanaani Z, Al-Kuwari E, Jeremijenko A, Kaleeckal AH, Latif AN, Shaik RM, Abdul-Rahim HF, Nasrallah GK, Al-Kuwari MG, Butt AA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani MH, Al-Khal A, Bertollini R, Abu-Raddad LJ. History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh0761. [PMID: 37792951 PMCID: PMC10550237 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory evidence suggests a possibility of immune imprinting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We investigated the differences in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of persons who had a primary Omicron infection, but different vaccination histories using matched, national, retrospective, cohort studies. Adjusted hazard ratio for reinfection incidence, factoring adjustment for differences in testing rate, was 0.43 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 to 0.49] comparing history of two-dose vaccination to no vaccination, 1.47 (95% CI: 1.23 to 1.76) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to two-dose vaccination, and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48 to 0.68) comparing history of three-dose vaccination to no vaccination. Divergence in cumulative incidence curves increased markedly when the incidence was dominated by BA.4/BA.5 and BA.2.75* Omicron subvariants. The history of primary-series vaccination enhanced immune protection against Omicron reinfection, but history of booster vaccination compromised protection against Omicron reinfection. These findings do not undermine the public health utility of booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Houssein H. Ayoub
- Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter V. Coyle
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Hadi M. Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A. Al Thani
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A. Al-Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Adeel A. Butt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Tang P, Hasan MR, Yassine HM, Al-Khatib HA, Smatti MK, Coyle P, Al-Kanaani Z, Al-Kuwari E, Jeremijenko A, Kaleeckal AH, Latif AN, Shaik RM, Abdul-Rahim HF, Nasrallah GK, Al-Kuwari MG, Butt AA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani MH, Al-Khal A, Bertollini R, Abu-Raddad LJ. Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:21-34. [PMID: 35704396 PMCID: PMC9258753 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2203965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protection conferred by natural immunity, vaccination, and both against symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with the BA.1 or BA.2 sublineages of the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant is unclear. METHODS We conducted a national, matched, test-negative, case-control study in Qatar from December 23, 2021, through February 21, 2022, to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna), natural immunity due to previous infection with variants other than omicron, and hybrid immunity (previous infection and vaccination) against symptomatic omicron infection and against severe, critical, or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). RESULTS The effectiveness of previous infection alone against symptomatic BA.2 infection was 46.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.5 to 51.9). The effectiveness of vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 and no previous infection was negligible (-1.1%; 95% CI, -7.1 to 4.6), but nearly all persons had received their second dose more than 6 months earlier. The effectiveness of three doses of BNT162b2 and no previous infection was 52.2% (95% CI, 48.1 to 55.9). The effectiveness of previous infection and two doses of BNT162b2 was 55.1% (95% CI, 50.9 to 58.9), and the effectiveness of previous infection and three doses of BNT162b2 was 77.3% (95% CI, 72.4 to 81.4). Previous infection alone, BNT162b2 vaccination alone, and hybrid immunity all showed strong effectiveness (>70%) against severe, critical, or fatal Covid-19 due to BA.2 infection. Similar results were observed in analyses of effectiveness against BA.1 infection and of vaccination with mRNA-1273. CONCLUSIONS No discernable differences in protection against symptomatic BA.1 and BA.2 infection were seen with previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Vaccination enhanced protection among persons who had had a previous infection. Hybrid immunity resulting from previous infection and recent booster vaccination conferred the strongest protection. (Funded by Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba N Altarawneh
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Houssein H Ayoub
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Patrick Tang
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohammad R Hasan
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hebah A Al-Khatib
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Maria K Smatti
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Peter Coyle
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Zaina Al-Kanaani
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Einas Al-Kuwari
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Andrew Jeremijenko
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Anvar H Kaleeckal
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Ali N Latif
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Riyazuddin M Shaik
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hanan F Abdul-Rahim
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohamed G Al-Kuwari
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Adeel A Butt
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hamad E Al-Romaihi
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohamed H Al-Thani
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Abdullatif Al-Khal
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Roberto Bertollini
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Education City (H.N.A., H.C., L.J.A.-R.), the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), and the Departments of Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.) and Public Health (H.F.A.-R., L.J.A.-R.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (H.N.A., H.C., A.A.B., L.J.A.-R.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
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Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, AlMukdad S, Coyle P, Tang P, Yassine HM, Al-Khatib HA, Smatti MK, Hasan MR, Al-Kanaani Z, Al-Kuwari E, Jeremijenko A, Kaleeckal AH, Latif AN, Shaik RM, Abdul-Rahim HF, Nasrallah GK, Al-Kuwari MG, Butt AA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani MH, Al-Khal A, Bertollini R, Abu-Raddad LJ. Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3082. [PMID: 35654888 PMCID: PMC9163167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants are genetically divergent. We conducted a matched, test-negative, case-control study to estimate duration of protection of the second and third/booster doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against BA.1 and BA.2 infections in Qatar. BNT162b2 effectiveness was highest at 46.6% (95% CI: 33.4-57.2%) against symptomatic BA.1 and at 51.7% (95% CI: 43.2-58.9%) against symptomatic BA.2 infections in the first three months after the second dose, but declined to ~10% or below thereafter. Effectiveness rebounded to 59.9% (95% CI: 51.2-67.0%) and 43.7% (95% CI: 36.5-50.0%), respectively, in the first month after the booster dose, before declining again. Effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization and death was 70-80% after the second dose and >90% after the booster dose. mRNA-1273 vaccine protection showed similar patterns. mRNA vaccines provide comparable, moderate, and short-lived protection against symptomatic BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron infections, but strong and durable protection against COVID-19 hospitalization and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Houssein H Ayoub
- Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sawsan AlMukdad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Coyle
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al-Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria K Smatti
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hanan F Abdul-Rahim
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Adeel A Butt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, AlMukdad S, Yassine HM, Al-Khatib HA, Smatti MK, Tang P, Hasan MR, Coyle P, Al-Kanaani Z, Al-Kuwari E, Jeremijenko A, Kaleeckal AH, Latif AN, Shaik RM, Abdul-Rahim HF, Nasrallah GK, Al-Kuwari MG, Butt AA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Thani MH, Al-Khal A, Bertollini R. Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:1804-1816. [PMID: 35263534 PMCID: PMC8929389 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2200797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waning of vaccine protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and the emergence of the omicron (or B.1.1.529) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have led to expedited efforts to scale up booster vaccination. Protection conferred by booster doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines in Qatar, as compared with protection conferred by the two-dose primary series, is unclear. METHODS We conducted two matched retrospective cohort studies to assess the effectiveness of booster vaccination, as compared with that of a two-dose primary series alone, against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19-related hospitalization and death during a large wave of omicron infections from December 19, 2021, through January 26, 2022. The association of booster status with infection was estimated with the use of Cox proportional-hazards regression models. RESULTS In a population of 2,239,193 persons who had received at least two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine, those who had also received a booster were matched with persons who had not received a booster. Among the BNT162b2-vaccinated persons, the cumulative incidence of symptomatic omicron infection was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 2.5) in the booster cohort and 4.5% (95% CI, 4.3 to 4.6) in the nonbooster cohort after 35 days of follow-up. Booster effectiveness against symptomatic omicron infection, as compared with that of the primary series, was 49.4% (95% CI, 47.1 to 51.6). Booster effectiveness against Covid-19-related hospitalization and death due to omicron infection, as compared with the primary series, was 76.5% (95% CI, 55.9 to 87.5). BNT162b2 booster effectiveness against symptomatic infection with the delta (or B.1.617.2) variant, as compared with the primary series, was 86.1% (95% CI, 67.3 to 94.1). Among the mRNA-1273-vaccinated persons, the cumulative incidence of symptomatic omicron infection was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.2) in the booster cohort and 1.9% (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.1) in the nonbooster cohort after 35 days; booster effectiveness against symptomatic omicron infection, as compared with the primary series, was 47.3% (95% CI, 40.7 to 53.3). Few severe Covid-19 cases were noted in the mRNA-1273-vaccinated cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The messenger RNA (mRNA) boosters were highly effective against symptomatic delta infection, but they were less effective against symptomatic omicron infection. However, with both variants, mRNA boosters led to strong protection against Covid-19-related hospitalization and death. (Funded by Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith J Abu-Raddad
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Houssein H Ayoub
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Sawsan AlMukdad
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hebah A Al-Khatib
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Maria K Smatti
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Patrick Tang
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohammad R Hasan
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Peter Coyle
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Zaina Al-Kanaani
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Einas Al-Kuwari
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Andrew Jeremijenko
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Anvar H Kaleeckal
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Ali N Latif
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Riyazuddin M Shaik
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hanan F Abdul-Rahim
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohamed Ghaith Al-Kuwari
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Adeel A Butt
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Hamad Eid Al-Romaihi
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Mohamed H Al-Thani
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Abdullatif Al-Khal
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Roberto Bertollini
- From the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.) and the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis (L.J.A.-R., H.C., S.A.), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, the Departments of Public Health (L.J.A.-R., H.F.A.-R.) and Biomedical Science (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., G.K.N.), College of Health Sciences, QU Health, the Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences (H.H.A.), the Biomedical Research Center, QU Health (H.M.Y., H.A.A.-K., M.K.S., P.C., G.K.N.), Qatar University, the Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine (P.T., M.R.H.), Hamad Medical Corporation (P.C., Z.A.-K., E.A.-K., A.J., A.H.K., A.N.L., R.M.S., A.A.B., A.A.-K.), Primary Health Care Corporation (M.G.A.-K.), and the Ministry of Public Health (H.E.A.-R., M.H.A.-T., R.B.) - all in Doha, Qatar; the Departments of Population Health Sciences (L.J.A.-R., H.C., A.A.B.) and Medicine (A.A.B.), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York; and the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.C.)
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Abu-Raddad LJ, Chemaitelly H, Ayoub HH, Tang P, Coyle P, Hasan MR, Yassine HM, Benslimane FM, Al-Khatib HA, Al-Kanaani Z, Al-Kuwari E, Jeremijenko A, Kaleeckal AH, Latif AN, Shaik RM, Abdul-Rahim HF, Nasrallah GK, Al-Kuwari MG, Butt AA, Al-Romaihi HE, Al-Khal A, Al-Thani MH, Bertollini R. Relative infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections, reinfections, and primary infections. Nat Commun 2022; 13:532. [PMID: 35087035 PMCID: PMC8795418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals and in those who had a prior infection have been observed globally, but the transmission potential of these infections is unknown. The RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) value is inversely correlated with viral load and culturable virus. Here, we investigate differences in RT-qPCR Ct values across Qatar's national cohorts of primary infections, reinfections, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) breakthrough infections, and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) breakthrough infections. Our matched-cohort analyses of the randomly diagnosed infections show higher mean Ct value in all cohorts of breakthrough infections compared to the cohort of primary infections in unvaccinated individuals. The Ct value is 1.3 (95% CI: 0.9-1.8) cycles higher for BNT162b2 breakthrough infections, 3.2 (95% CI: 1.9-4.5) cycles higher for mRNA-1273 breakthrough infections, and 4.0 (95% CI: 3.5-4.5) cycles higher for reinfections in unvaccinated individuals. Since Ct value correlates inversely with SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness, these differences imply that vaccine breakthrough infections and reinfections are less infectious than primary infections in unvaccinated individuals. Public health benefits of vaccination may have been underestimated, as COVID-19 vaccines not only protect against acquisition of infection, but also appear to protect against transmission of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Houssein H Ayoub
- Mathematics Program, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Tang
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Coyle
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatiha M Benslimane
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hebah A Al-Khatib
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Biomedical Research Center, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Adeel A Butt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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