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Salvador M, Strocchi M, Regazzoni F, Augustin CM, Dede' L, Niederer SA, Quarteroni A. Whole-heart electromechanical simulations using Latent Neural Ordinary Differential Equations. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:90. [PMID: 38605089 PMCID: PMC11009296 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac digital twins provide a physics and physiology informed framework to deliver personalized medicine. However, high-fidelity multi-scale cardiac models remain a barrier to adoption due to their extensive computational costs. Artificial Intelligence-based methods can make the creation of fast and accurate whole-heart digital twins feasible. We use Latent Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (LNODEs) to learn the pressure-volume dynamics of a heart failure patient. Our surrogate model is trained from 400 simulations while accounting for 43 parameters describing cell-to-organ cardiac electromechanics and cardiovascular hemodynamics. LNODEs provide a compact representation of the 3D-0D model in a latent space by means of an Artificial Neural Network that retains only 3 hidden layers with 13 neurons per layer and allows for numerical simulations of cardiac function on a single processor. We employ LNODEs to perform global sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation with uncertainty quantification in 3 hours of computations, still on a single processor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Salvador
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, California, CA, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Strocchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christoph M Augustin
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Dede'
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Alfio Quarteroni
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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