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Rincón-Rubio A, Mérida-Ortega Á, Ugalde-Resano R, Gamboa-Loira B, Rothenberg SJ, González FB, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo L. Carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic risk, and attributable cases to organochlorine pesticide exposure in women from Northern Mexico. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:421. [PMID: 38570395 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk as well as the attributable cases due to exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, and chlordane. From serum concentrations of pesticides of interest in a sample of 908 women from Northern Mexico, the risk for both cancer and non-cancer health effects was evaluated. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was also calculated based on summary association estimates between exposure to OCPs and different health events. Findings revealed that due to their OCP exposure slightly less than half of the women in the sample were at increased risk of developing non-cancerous diseases. Moreover, approximately 25% and 75% of participants were at risk of develop some type of cancer associated with their HCB and DDE concentrations, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that 40.5% of type 2 diabetes, 18.7% of endometriosis, and 23.1% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases could have been prevented if women had not been exposed to these OCPs. Results suggest that the use of OCPs may have contributed to the disease burden in the study area and, based on the time required for these substances to be eliminated from the body, there are probably some women who are still at elevated risk of developing diseases associated to OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rincón-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rodrigo Ugalde-Resano
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzáes 498, Colonia Centro, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Fernando Bejarano González
- Red de Acción Sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México, A. C. (RAPAM), Amado Nervo 23, Int. 3, Col. San Juanito, C.P. 56121, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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