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Alon M, Waitz Y, Finkel OM, Sheffer E. The native distribution of a common legume shrub is limited by the range of its nitrogen-fixing mutualist. New Phytol 2024; 242:77-92. [PMID: 38339826 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant-microbe mutualisms, such as the legume-rhizobium symbiosis, are influenced by the geographical distributions of both partners. However, limitations on the native range of legumes, resulting from the absence of a compatible mutualist, have rarely been explored. We used a combination of a large-scale field survey and controlled experiments to determine the realized niche of Calicotome villosa, an abundant and widespread legume shrub. Soil type was a major factor affecting the distribution and abundance of C. villosa. In addition, we found a large region within its range in which neither C. villosa nor Bradyrhizobium, the bacterial genus that associates with it, were present. Seedlings grown in soil from this region failed to nodulate and were deficient in nitrogen. Inoculation of this soil with Bradyrhizobium isolated from root nodules of C. villosa resulted in the formation of nodules and higher growth rate, leaf N and shoot biomass compared with un-inoculated plants. We present evidence for the exclusion of a legume from parts of its native range by the absence of a compatible mutualist. This result highlights the importance of the co-distribution of both the host plant and its mutualist when attempting to understand present and future geographical distributions of legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Alon
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus - Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoni Waitz
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Omri M Finkel
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus - Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Efrat Sheffer
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Reingold V, Eliyahu A, Luria N, Leibman D, Sela N, Lachman O, Smith E, Mandelik Y, Sadeh A, Dombrovsky A. A Distinct Arabidopsis Latent Virus 1 Isolate Was Found in Wild Brassica hirta Plants and Bees, Suggesting the Potential Involvement of Pollinators in Virus Spread. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:671. [PMID: 38475517 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
During our search for aphid-pathogenic viruses, a comovirus was isolated from wild asymptomatic Brassica hirta (white mustard) plants harboring a dense population of Brevicoryne brassicae aphids. The transmission-electron-microscopy visualization of purified virions revealed icosahedral particles. The virus was mechanically transmitted to plants belonging to Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Fabaceae families, showing unique ringspot symptoms only on B. rapa var. perviridis plants. The complete viral genome, comprised of two RNA segments, was sequenced. RNA1 and RNA2 contained 5921 and 3457 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the 3' terminal poly-adenylated tails. RNA1 and RNA2 each had one open-reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 1850 and 1050 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acids at the Pro-Pol region, delineated between a conserved CG motif of 3C-like proteinase and a GDD motif of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, shared a 96.5% and 90% identity with the newly identified Apis mellifera-associated comovirus and Arabidopsis latent virus 1 (ArLV1), respectively. Because ArLV1 was identified early in 2018, the B. hirta comovirus was designated as ArLV1-IL-Bh. A high-throughput-sequencing-analyses of the extracted RNA from managed honeybees and three abundant wild bee genera, mining bees, long-horned bees, and masked bees, sampled while co-foraging in a Mediterranean ecosystem, allowed the assembly of ArLV1-IL-Bh, suggesting pollinators' involvement in comovirus spread in weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reingold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Avi Eliyahu
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
- The Advanced School for Environmental Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Bioinformatics Unit, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Oded Lachman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Elisheva Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Yael Mandelik
- Department of Entomology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaf Sadeh
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
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Karsh N, Hartston M, Hadad BS. Atypical Impact of Action Effect Delay on Motor Performance in Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-023-06227-9. [PMID: 38316696 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Atypical sensory perception and motor impairments are primary features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that indicate atypical development and predict social and non-social challenges. However, their link is poorly understood. Sensory perception is often integrated with motor processes when a sensory effect is temporally contiguous with the motor response. Such sensory-motor coupling further improves motor behavior. Previous studies indicate alterations in sensory perception of action-effect temporal contiguity in ASD, which bares the question of how it may impact motor performance. People diagnosed with ASD and typically developed (TD) participants performed a speeded reaction-time task previously established to capture the facilitating impact of action's perceptual effect on motor response selection. The sensitivity of this mechanism to delays in the effect was measured, manipulating the action-effect temporal contiguity in a within-subject design. An immediate action effect (compared to a No-effect condition) facilitated response selection in the TD group. This facilitation effect was evident in the ASD group but did not show the typical sensitivity to the effect delay. While in the TD group, RT was shorter in the short (225ms) compared to the long (675ms) action effect delay condition, this distinguished pattern was absent in the ASD group. The findings provide supporting evidence that atypical motor performance in ASD results, at least in part, from an altered sensory perception of action effect temporal contiguity. We discuss the results in light of the reduced perceptual specialization account in ASD and its potential for undermining adaptive sensorimotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Karsh
- Department of Psychology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Marissa Hartston
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Special Education, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bat-Sheva Hadad
- Special Population Advance Research and Clinical Center (SPARC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Special Education, Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Ferrer-Garcia MF, Snizhko K, D’Errico A, Romito A, Gefen Y, Karimi E. Topological transitions of the generalized Pancharatnam-Berry phase. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg6810. [PMID: 38000023 PMCID: PMC10672158 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Distinct from the dynamical phase, in a cyclic evolution, a system's state may acquire an additional component, a.k.a. geometric phase. Recently, it has been demonstrated that geometric phases can be induced by a sequence of generalized measurements implemented on a single qubit. Furthermore, it has been predicted that these geometric phases may exhibit a topological transition as a function of the measurement strength. We demonstrate and study this transition experimentally by using an optical platform where the qubit is represented by the polarization of light and the weak measurement is performed by means of coupling with the spatial degree of freedom. Our protocol can be interpreted in terms of environment-induced geometric phases, whose values are topologically determined by the environment-system coupling strength. Our results show that the two limits of geometric phase induced by sequences of either weak or projective measurements are topologically distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyrylo Snizhko
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alessio D’Errico
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 5N6 ON, Canada
| | | | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 5N6 ON, Canada
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