1
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Hao Y, Hung SF, Tian C, Wang L, Chen YY, Zhao S, Peng KS, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Kuo CH, Chen HY, Peng S. Polarized Ultrathin BN Induced Dynamic Electron Interactions for Enhancing Acidic Oxygen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402018. [PMID: 38390636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Developing ruthenium-based heterogeneous catalysts with an efficient and stable interface is essential for enhanced acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a defect-rich ultrathin boron nitride nanosheet support with relatively independent electron donor and acceptor sites, which serves as an electron reservoir and receiving station for RuO2, realizing the rapid supply and reception of electrons. Through precisely controlling the reaction interface, a low OER overpotential of only 180 mV (at 10 mA cm-2) and long-term operational stability (350 h) are achieved, suggesting potential practical applications. In situ characterization and theoretical calculations have validated the existence of a localized electronic recycling between RuO2 and ultrathin BN nanosheets (BNNS). The electron-rich Ru sites accelerate the adsorption of water molecules and the dissociation of intermediates, while the interconnection between the O-terminal and B-terminal edge establishes electronic back-donation, effectively suppressing the over-oxidation of lattice oxygen. This study provides a new perspective for constructing a stable and highly active catalytic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Hao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Tian
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Luqi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yi-Yu Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Kang-Shun Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chun-Han Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shengjie Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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2
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Wu P, Geng S, Wang X, Zhang X, Li H, Zhang L, Shen Y, Zha B, Zhang S, Huo F, Zhang W. Exfoliation of Metal-Organic Frameworks to Give 2D MOF Nanosheets for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402969. [PMID: 38407381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The structure and properties of materials are determined by a diverse range of chemical bond formation and breaking mechanisms, which greatly motivates the development of selectively controlling the chemical bonds in order to achieve materials with specific characteristics. Here, an orientational intervening bond-breaking strategy is demonstrated for synthesizing ultrathin metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets through balancing the process of thermal decomposition and liquid nitrogen exfoliation. In such approach, proper thermal treatment can weaken the interlayer bond while maintaining the stability of the intralayer bond in the layered MOFs. And the following liquid nitrogen treatment results in significant deformation and stress in the layered MOFs' structure due to the instant temperature drop and drastic expansion of liquid N2, leading to the curling, detachment, and separation of the MOF layers. The produced MOF nanosheets with five cycles of treatment are primarily composed of nanosheets that are less than 10 nm in thickness. The MOF nanosheets exhibit enhanced catalytic performance in oxygen evolution reactions owing to the ultrathin thickness without capping agents which provide improved charge transfer efficiency and dense exposed active sites. This strategy underscores the significance of orientational intervention in chemical bonds to engineer innovative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Geng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoli Zha
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Suoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, China
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3
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Deng L, Hung SF, Lin ZY, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Hao Y, Liu S, Kuo CH, Chen HY, Peng J, Wang J, Peng S. Valence Oscillation of Ru Active Sites for Efficient and Robust Acidic Water Oxidation. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305939. [PMID: 37671910 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The continuous oxidation and leachability of active sites in Ru-based catalysts hinder practical application in proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). Herein, robust inter-doped tungsten-ruthenium oxide heterostructures [(Ru-W)Ox ] fabricated by sequential rapid oxidation and metal thermomigration processes are proposed to enhance the activity and stability of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The introduction of high-valent W species induces the valence oscillation of the Ru sites during OER, facilitating the cyclic transition of the active metal oxidation states and maintaining the continuous operation of the active sites. The preferential oxidation of W species and electronic gain of Ru sites in the inter-doped heterostructure significantly stabilize RuOx on WOx substrates beyond the Pourbaix stability limit of bare RuO2 . Furthermore, the asymmetric Ru-O-W active units are generated around the heterostructure interface to adsorb the oxygen intermediates synergistically, enhancing the intrinsic OER activity. Consequently, the inter-doped (Ru-W)Ox heterostructures not only demonstrate an overpotential of 170 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and excellent stability of 300 h in acidic electrolytes but also exhibit the potential for practical applications, as evidenced by the stable operation at 0.5 A cm-2 for 300 h in PEMWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Deng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Sung-Fu Hung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yixin Hao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Chun-Han Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jiazhao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shengjie Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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Zhang W, Wu J, Shi W, Qin P, Lang W, Zhang X, Gu Z, Li H, Fan Y, Shen Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Fu Y, Zhang W, Huo F. New Function of Metal-Organic Framework: Structurally Ordered Metal Promoter. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303216. [PMID: 37272399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable roles of metal promoters have been known for nearly a century, but it is still a challenge to find a suitable structure model to reveal the action mechanism behind metal promoters. Herein, a new function of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed as an ideal model to construct structurally ordered metal promoters by a targeted post-modification strategy. MOFs as model not only favor clearing the real action mechanism behind metal promoters, but also can anchor one or multiple kinds of metal promoters especially noble metal promoters. Typically, the as-prepared Pd/bpy-UiO-Cu catalysts show high selectivity (>99%) toward 4-nitrophenylethane in 4-nitrostyrene hydrogenation, mainly due to the enhanced interaction between Pd nanoparticles and MOF carriers induced by Cu promoters, thus inhibiting the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenylethane. This strategy with flexibility and universality will open up a new route to synthesize efficient catalysts with structurally ordered metal promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Jichuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Peishan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenfeng Lang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhida Gu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Suoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Hao Y, Hu F, Zhu S, Sun Y, Wang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Xue J, Liao YF, Shao M, Peng S. MXene-Regulated Metal-Oxide Interfaces with Modified Intermediate Configurations Realizing Nearly 100% CO 2 Electrocatalytic Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304179. [PMID: 37405836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction via renewable electricity provides a sustainable way to produce valued chemicals, while it suffers from low activity and selectivity. Herein, we constructed a novel catalyst with unique Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-regulated Ag-ZnO interfaces, undercoordinated surface sites, as well as mesoporous nanostructures. The designed Ag-ZnO/Ti3 C2 Tx catalyst achieves an outstanding CO2 conversion performance of a nearly 100% CO Faraday efficiency with high partial current density of 22.59 mA cm-2 at -0.87 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The electronic donation of Ag and up-shifted d-band center relative to Fermi level within MXene-regulated Ag-ZnO interfaces contributes the high selectivity of CO. The CO2 conversion is highly correlated with the dominated linear-bonded CO intermediate confirmed by in situ infrared spectroscopy. This work enlightens the rational design of unique metal-oxide interfaces with the regulation of MXene for high-performance electrocatalysis beyond CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Hao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajie Sun
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Luqi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jianjun Xue
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yen-Fa Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengjie Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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6
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Deng L, Liu S, Liu D, Chang YM, Li L, Li C, Sun Y, Hu F, Chen HY, Pan H, Peng S. Activity-Stability Balance: The Role of Electron Supply Effect of Support in Acidic Oxygen Evolution. Small 2023:e2302238. [PMID: 37191328 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers represents a significant challenge. Herein, the cobalt-ruthenium oxide nano-heterostructures are successfully synthesized on carbon cloth (CoOx /RuOx -CC) for acidic OER through a simple and fast solution combustion strategy. The rapid oxidation process endows CoOx /RuOx -CC with abundant interfacial sites and defect structures, which enhances the number of active sites and the charge transfer at the electrolyte-catalyst interface, promoting the OER kinetics. Moreover, the electron supply effect of the CoOx support allows electrons to transfer from Co to Ru sites during the OER process, which is beneficial to alleviate the ion leaching and over-oxidation of Ru sites, improving the catalyst activity and stability. As a self-supported electrocatalyst, CoOx /RuOx -CC displays an ultralow overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm-2 for OER. Notably, the PEM electrolyzer using CoOx /RuOx -CC as the anode can be operated at 100 mA cm-2 stably for 100 h. Mechanistic analysis shows that the strong catalyst-support interaction is beneficial to redistribute the electronic structure of RuO bond to weaken its covalency, thereby optimizing the binding energy of OER intermediates and lowering the reaction energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Deng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Linlin Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrode Materials for Novel Solar Cells for Petroleum and Chemical Industry of China, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrode Materials for Novel Solar Cells for Petroleum and Chemical Industry of China, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Han-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Shengjie Peng
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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7
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Xue C, Zhou X, Li X, Yang N, Xin X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wu J, Liu W, Huo F. Rational Synthesis and Regulation of Hollow Structural Materials for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104183. [PMID: 34889533 PMCID: PMC8728834 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is known as a promising mean of nitrogen fixation to mitigate the energy crisis and facilitate fertilizer production under mild circumstances. For electrocatalytic reactions, the design of efficient catalysts is conducive to reducing activation energy and accelerating lethargic dynamics. Among them, hollow structural materials possess cavities in their structures, which can slack off the escape rate of N2 and reaction intermediates, prolong the residence time of N2 , enrich the reaction intermediates' concentration, and shorten electron transportation path, thereby further enhancing their NRR activity. Here, the basic synthetic strategies of hollow structural materials are introduced first. Then, the recent breakthroughs in hollow structural materials as NRR catalysts are reviewed from the perspective of intrinsic, mesoscopic, and microscopic regulations, aiming to discuss how structures affect and improve the catalytic performance. Finally, the future research directions of hollow structural materials as NRR catalysts are discussed. This review is expected to provide an outlook for optimizing hollow structural NRR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xinru Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xue Xin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Nanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
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