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Wang B, Abdalla E, Atrio-Barandela F, Pavón D. Further understanding the interaction between dark energy and dark matter: current status and future directions. Rep Prog Phys 2024; 87:036901. [PMID: 38306662 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between dark matter and dark energy (DE) can be incorporated into field theory models of DE that have proved successful in alleviating the coincidence problem. We review recent advances in this field, including new models and constraints from different astronomical data sets. We show that interactions are allowed by observations and can reduce the current tensions among different measurements of cosmological parameters. We extend our discussion to include constraints from non-linear effects and results from cosmological simulations. Finally, we discuss forthcoming multi-messenger data from current and future observational facilities that will help to improve our understanding of the interactions within the dark sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - E Abdalla
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Sâo Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F Atrio-Barandela
- Física Teórica, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced, Salamanca, Spain
| | - D Pavón
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Zaccari V, Mancini F, Rogier G. State of the art of the literature on definitions of self-criticism: a meta-review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1239696. [PMID: 38439797 PMCID: PMC10910096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1239696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several authors have developed important theoretical models on an important transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology: self-criticism (SC). Currently, there are substantial variations in the theoretical definition of SC. The lack of awareness of similarities and differences between models may in turn impact the comparison between empirical results, limiting their clinical implications. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify current trends in the field of SC and to explore whether these were approached and shaped by different conceptualizations of SC. Methods Core components of the most influential models of SC were identified. A meta-review was conducted searching for systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses in the following databases: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed (all years up to 28 April 2023). Results Contributions were heterogeneous with respect to the definition of SC and the theoretical framework. Almost all systematic reviews poorly addressed the multidimensionality of SC. In addition, discrepancies between the definitions of SC provided and their operationalizations emerged. Conclusions The lack of dialogue between the different theoretical perspectives emerged from key contributions in the field of SC. Potential research questions to answer to stimulate this dialogue are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Zaccari
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- School of Cognitive Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guyonne Rogier
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Böhme Kristensen C, Asimakopoulou K, Scambler S. Enhancing patient-centred care in dentistry: a narrative review. Br Med Bull 2023; 148:79-88. [PMID: 37838360 PMCID: PMC10724466 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-centred care (PCC) is widely used within the medical setting, but there is a need for more research on PCC implementation in dentistry. SOURCES OF DATA A narrative review was conducted with literature identified from the Ovid Interface, including several databases such as Embase and Medline. AREAS OF AGREEMENT PCC is associated with better health outcomes for patients, and greater work satisfaction among healthcare professionals. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Efforts to implement PCC in dentistry are lacking due to several issues including non-consensus about PCC definition and lack of explicit guidelines on how to implement PCC in dentistry. GROWING POINTS AND AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH A theory-derived model of PCC explicitly designed for the dental setting was identified. This serves as a starting point to enhance PCC in dentistry, though further research is needed to empirically test the implementation of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Böhme Kristensen
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London SE1 9RW, UK
| | - Koula Asimakopoulou
- Visiting Professor of Health Psychology, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London SE1 9RW, UK
| | - Sasha Scambler
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London SE1 9RW, UK
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Zhang W, Wu J, Shi W, Qin P, Lang W, Zhang X, Gu Z, Li H, Fan Y, Shen Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Fu Y, Zhang W, Huo F. New Function of Metal-Organic Framework: Structurally Ordered Metal Promoter. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303216. [PMID: 37272399 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable roles of metal promoters have been known for nearly a century, but it is still a challenge to find a suitable structure model to reveal the action mechanism behind metal promoters. Herein, a new function of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is developed as an ideal model to construct structurally ordered metal promoters by a targeted post-modification strategy. MOFs as model not only favor clearing the real action mechanism behind metal promoters, but also can anchor one or multiple kinds of metal promoters especially noble metal promoters. Typically, the as-prepared Pd/bpy-UiO-Cu catalysts show high selectivity (>99%) toward 4-nitrophenylethane in 4-nitrostyrene hydrogenation, mainly due to the enhanced interaction between Pd nanoparticles and MOF carriers induced by Cu promoters, thus inhibiting the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenylethane. This strategy with flexibility and universality will open up a new route to synthesize efficient catalysts with structurally ordered metal promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Jichuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Peishan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenfeng Lang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinglong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhida Gu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Hongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (SKLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Suoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhongyi Liu
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University (ZZU), Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 100819, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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Moullin JC, Ely P, Uren H, Staniland L, Nielsen S, Lenton S. Developing a single-session strategy for the implementation of take-home naloxone by community pharmacists using COM-B and design-thinking. Front Health Serv 2023; 3:1227360. [PMID: 37600924 PMCID: PMC10434522 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1227360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite the overwhelming evidence of its effectiveness, there is poor implementation of take-home naloxone by pharmacists. Barriers have been explored and mapped to the capability, opportunity, motivation-behaviour (COM-B) model of behaviour change, yet no theoretically informed implementation strategies that target known barriers have been developed. Single-session implementation strategies have been proposed as a simple, scalable way to target multiple barriers. Methods Qualitative participatory methods, incorporating design-thinking principles, were used to develop the key messages of a single-session implementation strategy. The key messages were drafted against COM-B mapped implementation barriers identified in the literature. A participatory workshop involving a pre-mortem exercise and incorporating design-thinking principles were used to refine the messages and generate methods for dissemination. Messages were mapped to interview questions to naturally illicit stories and delivered via storytelling from a pharmacist, a general practitioner, and a person with lived experience of using naloxone. Results A 3 minute 40 second video and a two-page printable infographic were developed and hosted on a website, with links to additional downloadable resources as a single-session implementation strategy. Email was the preferred method for receiving simple professional development communications, with social media also widely accessed. Discussion Implementation science, behavioural change theory, and participatory design methods are a complementary combination to develop implementation strategies. Some pharmacists questioned the participatory design approach to developing an implementation strategy, as it was outside of their comfort zone. However, the participatory process involving end-users resulted in unique ideas that are unlikely to have been generated using more traditional consultative approaches. The delivery as a single-session implementation strategy allows for widespread dissemination and delivery at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C. Moullin
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Philip Ely
- School of Design and the Built Environment, Faculty of Humanities, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Hannah Uren
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Lexy Staniland
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Suzanne Nielsen
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Lenton
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Cuenca-Piqueras C, Fernández-Prados JS, González-Moreno MJ. Approach to theoretical perspectives of "sexual harassment": review and bibliometric analysis from social sciences. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1088469. [PMID: 37275700 PMCID: PMC10232740 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this paper is to give an overlook of the current state of sexual harassment. In order to do so, we started making a synthesis of the main theoretical approaches to explain sexual harassment, trying to group the studies into different currents that have historically analyzed this type of violence, to see whether the bibliometric analysis shows a similar presence of the different approaches. To carry out the bibliographic analysis we extracted the documents from the Scopus databases (using the keyword "sexual harassment" up to the year 2021 in the field of social sciences), where after these texts were examined with the tool VOSviewer. A description was made of the evolution of the number of articles on sexual harassment and within the areas of research and, also, the coincidences of keywords and co-authorships, highlighting the nationality and the main authors in number of citations. The results show a growth in interest in researching sexual harassment, specifically after the allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein and the #metoo movement. In the keyword analysis, there is a trend towards studies focused on the work environment and with a gender perspective. Finally, in the cluster analysis of the authorship of the texts, the results suggest the different theoretical approaches most used in the analysis of sexual harassment: socio-cultural, organizational, and multi-dimensional.
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Hao S, Xie Z, Yang W, Zhang L, Wang W, Kou J, Wu F, Fan J. Wetting-State-Induced Turning of Water Droplet Moving Direction on the Surface. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2182-2189. [PMID: 36728518 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous directional movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has gained extensive attention due to the advantage of not requiring energy input and its potential wide applications. However, manipulating the direction of movement of water droplets on a wedge-shaped groove has been not fully achieved, and the fundamental understanding of its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analyses are combined to reveal the mechanism of movement in opposite directions of a water droplet at the same position on the wedge-shaped groove interface. It is shown that the moving direction of the water droplet is related to its wetting state on the surface, i.e., the Wenzel and the Cassie states. A water droplet initially in the Wenzel and Cassie states will move toward the diverging and the converging ends, respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the opposite roles played by the groove substrate and the upper layers in the two wetting states. Moreover, it is found that the water droplet is likely to move faster on a surface with a higher groove, larger opening angle and stronger hydrophobicity. These findings are expected to be of benefit for fully understanding droplet movement and shedding light on the regulation of the direction of movement of the droplets on the groove surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Zhang Xie
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, China and
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devicces, and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua321004, China
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan030006, China
| | - Jintu Fan
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14853-4401, United States
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Hughes S, Murray CM, McMullen-Roach S, Berndt A. A profile of practice: The occupational therapy process in community aged care in Australia. Aust Occup Ther J 2023. [PMID: 36751126 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occupational therapists working in community aged care play a key role in service provision because of their expertise in considering the person, their occupations, and environmental context. To further understand occupational therapy practice in community aged care, this study aimed to explore the approaches, models, frames of reference, assessments, interventions, and outcome evaluation methods being used by Australian occupational therapists in aged care. METHODS An online questionnaire was developed, piloted, and delivered to occupational therapists working in community aged care in Australia. Responses to closed-ended questions were analysed using descriptive statistics, and a summative approach to content analysis was applied to open-ended questions. RESULTS Seventy-one occupational therapists employed in community aged care across Australia participated in the questionnaire. Almost half of the respondents were employed in private practice. All respondents used a compensatory approach to practice, whereas just over three-quarters used a restorative approach. The Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model was the most frequently used occupation-focused model (n = 45). The biomechanical and rehabilitative frames of reference were each used by over two thirds of respondents. Cognitive assessments were most common, followed by functional and environmental assessments. The interventions of equipment and home modifications were very common followed by remedial therapy. CONCLUSION Community aged care occupational therapists show coherence in theory-to-practice application, but there is wide diversity in practice decisions and possibly gaps in practice. Occupational therapists remain firmly client centred but apply compensatory approaches more than reablement approaches. This trend may be due to the influence of aged care funding models and limits on time. In addition to reacting to crisis, there is scope for occupational therapists to have a greater focus on early intervention to support dementia care and prevent falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Hughes
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Occupational Therapy Program, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Murray
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Occupational Therapy Program, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Allied Health and Human Performance, Occupational Therapy Program, IIMPACT for Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah McMullen-Roach
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Occupational Therapy Program, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela Berndt
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Occupational Therapy Program, IIMPACT for Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Celeste RK, Colvara BC, Rech RS, Reichenheim ME, Bastos JL. Challenges in operationalizing conceptual models in aetiological research. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:58-61. [PMID: 36749672 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conceptual or theoretical models are crucial in developing causal hypotheses and interpreting study findings, but they have been underused and misused in aetiological research, particularly in dentistry and oral epidemiology. Good models should incorporate updated evidence and clarify knowledge gaps to derive logical hypotheses. Developing models and deriving testable hypotheses in operational models can be challenging, as seen in the four examples referred to in this commentary. One challenge concerns the theoretical validity of the model, while another relates to difficulties in operationalizing abstract concepts. A third challenge refers to the lack of sufficient information in the dataset to test partially or even the whole model. Finally, a common challenge is the application of a conceptual model to different contexts. Among the existing methodological approaches to operationalize conceptual models, causal graphs may be helpful, especially when combined with approaches from diverse disciplinary fields via triangulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Carriconde Colvara
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Soares Rech
- Department of Speech Therapy, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - João Luiz Bastos
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Lavigne-Cerván R, Sánchez-Muñoz de León M, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Romero-González M, Gamboa-Ternero S, Rodríguez-Infante G, Romero-Pérez JF. Proposal for an Integrative Cognitive-Emotional Conception of ADHD. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15421. [PMID: 36430140 PMCID: PMC9691192 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), no explanation of its origins, nor of its consequences, has yet found a consensus within the scientific community. This study performs a theoretical review of various research studies and provides a reflection on the role of emotions in the origin of the disorder, at the neuroanatomical and functional level. To this end, theoretical models (single and multiple origin) and applied studies are reviewed in order to broaden the perspective on the relevance of the executive system in ADHD; it is suggested that this construct is not only composed and activated by cognitive processes and functions, but also includes elements of an emotional and motivational nature. Consequently, it is shown that ADHD is involved in social development and in a person's ability to adapt to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lavigne-Cerván
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Romero-González
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sara Gamboa-Ternero
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Infante
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan F. Romero-Pérez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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Sijm-Eeken ME, Arkenaar W, Jaspers MW, Peute LW. Medical informatics and climate change: a framework for modeling green healthcare solutions. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:2083-2088. [PMID: 36219786 PMCID: PMC9667184 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to develop a theory-based framework to enhance and accelerate development, selection, and implementation of solutions mitigating the climate impact of healthcare organizations. Materials and Methods Existing frameworks were combined to develop the Green-MIssion (Medical Informatics Solutions) framework. It was further developed and refined by mapping solutions from project plans and reviewing it with an expert panel. Results The framework classifies solutions into three categories: (1) monitor and measure environmental impact of a healthcare setting; (2) help create and increase awareness among employees and patients; and (3) interventions to reduce environmental impacts. Discussion and Conclusion The framework combines concepts from healthcare information technology and environmental sciences and can be used to structure green medical informatics solutions for different healthcare settings. Furthermore, research should evaluate its application for measuring and assessing the impact of green medical informatics solutions on environmental sustainability and climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke E Sijm-Eeken
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Welmoed Arkenaar
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique W Jaspers
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W Peute
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Human Factors Engineering of Health Information Technology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kang JA, Barcelona V. A comparison of conceptual frameworks to examine health inequities in End-of-Life care. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:2025-2041. [PMID: 35909090 PMCID: PMC9887096 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To discuss existing conceptual frameworks that can be applied to the examination of health inequities in end-of-life care and related health outcomes. We used the Fawcett and Desanto-Madeya evaluation technique modified by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to include individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels of influence. DESIGN Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL and Embase for conceptual frameworks of health inequities in end-of-life care and health outcomes published as of February 2022. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING There is a strong need for research that can address multiple factors influencing end-of-life care inequities and health outcomes. To mitigate the complex nature of social determinants of health and structural inequities, researchers, clinicians, educators and administrators should have solid conceptualizations of these multi-level factors. Based on sound and comprehensive frameworks, nurses with interdisciplinary partnerships can promote health equity with a broader health care scope through addressing social determinants of health. CONCLUSION We identified and reviewed three frameworks. We concluded all three frameworks have the potential for use in the examination of health inequities in end-of-life care and health outcomes. However, the Conceptual Framework of Minority Access to End-of-Life Care was more applicable to diverse studies and settings when adapted to include fundamental characteristics such as sex and gender. IMPACT Despite the substantial rise in end-of-life care delivery, health inequities persist in end-of-life care access and utilization. Though some studies have been conducted to promote health equity by addressing social determinants of health, progress is hampered by their complex and multi-faceted nature. Through a concrete conceptual framework, researchers can comprehensively examine multi-level factors influencing health inequities in end-of-life care. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This discussion paper focused on reviewing existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A. Kang
- Columbia University School of Nursing New York New York USA
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Cavarra M, Falzone A, Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC, Mento C. Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:887255. [PMID: 35756295 PMCID: PMC9226617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern clinical research on psychedelics is generating interesting outcomes in a wide array of clinical conditions when psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is delivered to appropriately screened participants and in controlled settings. Still, a number of patients relapse or are less responsive to such treatments. Individual and contextual factors (i.e., set and setting) seem to play a role in shaping the psychedelic experience and in determining clinical outcomes. These findings, coupled with data from literature on the effectiveness of psychotherapy, frame the therapeutic context as a potential moderator of clinical efficacy, highlighting the need to investigate how to functionally employ environmental and relational factors. In this review, we performed a structured search through two databases (i.e., PubMed/Medline and Scopus) to identify records of clinical studies on psychedelics which used and described a structured associated psychotherapeutic intervention. The aim is to construct a picture of what models of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are currently adopted in clinical research and to report on their clinical outcomes. Ad-hoc and adapted therapeutic methods were identified. Common principles, points of divergence and future directions are highlighted and discussed with special attention toward therapeutic stance, degree of directiveness and the potential suggestive effects of information provided to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cavarra
- Department of Cognitive, Psychological Science and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Falzone
- Department of Cognitive, Psychological Science and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kim P C Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carmela Mento
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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14
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Ming R, Jiang Y, Fan J, An C, Li J, Chen T, Li X. High-Efficiency Capture of Cells by Softening Cell Membrane. Small 2022; 18:e2106547. [PMID: 35112794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by nanostructured substrate surface is a useful method for early diagnosis of cancer. At present, most methods used to improve the cell capture efficiency are based on changing substrate surface properties. However, there are still some gaps between these methods and practical applications. Here, a method is presented for improving cell capture efficiency from a different perspective, that is, changing the properties of the cells. Concretely, the mechanical properties of the cell membrane are changed by adding Cytochalasin D to soften the cell membrane. Furthermore, a corresponding theoretical model is proposed to explain the experimental results. It is found that cell softening can reduce the resistance of cell adhesion, which makes the adhesion ability stronger. The high-efficiency capture of cells by softening the cell membrane provides a potential method to improve the detection performance of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chunchun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- SCNU Qingyuan Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Co. Ltd., Qingyuan, 511517, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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15
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Gao C, Fu Q, Huang L, Yan L, Gu G. Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Tube-Confined Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Aggregate Concrete Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061260. [PMID: 35335589 PMCID: PMC8951745 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the compressive performance of sisal fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SFRAC) composite, confined with jute fiber-reinforced polymer (JFRP) tube (the structure was termed as JFRP-SFRAC) was assessed. A total of 36 cylindrical specimens were tested under uniaxial compression. Three major experimental variables were investigated: (1) the compressive strength of concrete core (i.e., 25.0 MPa and 32.5 MPa), (2) jute fiber orientation angle with respect to the hoop direction of a JFRP tube (i.e., β = 0°, 30° and 45°), and (3) the reinforcement of sisal fiber (i.e., 0% and 0.3% by mass of cement). This study revealed that the prefabricated JFRP tube resulted in a significant enhancement of the compressive strength and deformation ability of RAC and SFRAC. The enhancements in strength and ultimate strain of the composite columns were more pronounced for concrete with a higher strength. The strength and ultimate strain of JFRP-confined specimens decreased with an increase in fiber orientation angle β from 0° to 45°. The sisal fiber reinforcement effectively improved the integrity of the RAC and reduced the propagation of cracks in RAC. The stress-strain behaviors of JFRP-RAC and JFRP-SFRAC were predicted by the Lam and Teng's model with the revised ultimate condition equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gao
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Qiuni Fu
- Department of Organic and Wood-Based Construction Materials, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hopfengarten 20, 38102 Braunschweig, Germany;
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
- Correspondence: (L.H.); or (L.Y.)
| | - Libo Yan
- Department of Organic and Wood-Based Construction Materials, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hopfengarten 20, 38102 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Centre for Light and Environmentally-Friendly Structures, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, Bienroder Weg 54E, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.H.); or (L.Y.)
| | - Guangming Gu
- Kunming Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China;
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16
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Abstract
Mutations with beneficial effects in one sex can have deleterious effects in the other. Such 'sexually antagonistic' (SA) variants contribute to variation in life-history traits and overall fitness, yet their genomic distribution is poorly resolved. Theory predicts that SA variants could be enriched on the X chromosome or autosomes, yet current empirical tests face two formidable challenges: (i) identifying SA selection in genomic data is difficult; and (ii) metrics of SA variation show persistent biases towards the X, even when SA variants are randomly distributed across the genome. Here, we present an unbiased test of the theory that SA variants are enriched on the X. We first develop models for reproductive FST-a metric for quantifying sex-differential (including SA) effects of genetic variants on lifetime reproductive success-that control for X-linked biases. Comparing data from approximately 250 000 UK Biobank individuals to our models, we find FST elevations consistent with both X-linked and autosomal SA polymorphisms affecting reproductive success in humans. However, the extent of FST elevations does not differ from a model in which SA polymorphisms are randomly distributed across the genome. We argue that the polygenic nature of SA variation, along with sex asymmetries in SA effects, might render X-linked enrichment of SA polymorphisms unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ruzicka
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Turolla A, Kiper P, Mazzarotto D, Cecchi F, Colucci M, D'Avenio G, Facciorusso S, Gatti R, Giansanti D, Iosa M, Bonaiuti D, Boldrini P, Mazzoleni S, Posteraro F, Benanti P, Castelli E, Draicchio F, Falabella V, Galeri S, Gimigliano F, Grigioni M, Mazzon S, Morone G, Petrarca M, Picelli A, Senatore M, Turchetti G, Molteni F. Reference theories and future perspectives on robot-assisted rehabilitation in people with neurological conditions: A scoping review and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Robotics in Neurorehabilitation (CICERONE). NeuroRehabilitation 2022; 51:681-691. [PMID: 36530100 DOI: 10.3233/nre-220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robot-based treatments are developing in neurorehabilitation settings. Recently, the Italian National Health Systems recognized robot-based rehabilitation as a refundable service. Thus, the Italian neurorehabilitation community promoted a national consensus on this topic. OBJECTIVE To conceptualize undisclosed perspectives for research and applications of robotics for neurorehabilitation, based on a qualitative synthesis of reference theoretical models. METHODS A scoping review was carried out based on a specific question from the consensus Jury. A foreground search strategy was developed on theoretical models (context) of robot-based rehabilitation (exposure), in neurological patients (population). PubMed and EMBASE® databases were searched and studies on theoretical models of motor control, neurobiology of recovery, human-robot interaction and economic sustainability were included, while experimental studies not aimed to investigate theoretical frameworks, or considering prosthetics, were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 3699 records were screened and finally 9 papers included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the population investigated, structured information on theoretical models and indications for future research was summarized in a synoptic table. CONCLUSION The main indication from the Italian consensus on robotics in neurorehabilitation is the priority to design research studies aimed to investigate the role of robotic and electromechanical devices in promoting neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Turolla
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Deborah Mazzarotto
- Medicina Fisica e Riabilitazione, ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale, San Donà di Piave, Italy
| | - Francesca Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- IRCSS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe D'Avenio
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Gatti
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Giansanti
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Smart Lab, IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Boldrini
- Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (SIMFER), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Posteraro
- Department of Rehabilitation, AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest - Camaiore, Versilia Hospital, Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Castelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Falabella
- Italian Federation of Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries (FAIP Onlus), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Grigioni
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzon
- Rehabilitation Unit, ULSS (Local Health Authority) Euganea, Camposampiero Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- San Raffaele Institute of Sulmona, Sulmona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petrarca
- Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory (MARlab), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Senatore
- Associazione Italiana dei Terapisti Occupazionali (AITO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Franco Molteni
- Villa Beretta Rehabilitation Center, Valduce Hospital, Lecco, Italy
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18
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Innes C, Rushworth G, Addison B, Wedekind Y, Watson E, Rudd I, Power A, Cunningham S. An innovative General Practice based Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship: using theory to characterise its development, implementation and initial evaluation. Educ Prim Care 2021; 33:173-179. [PMID: 34859743 DOI: 10.1080/14739879.2021.1996275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships exist in undergraduate medicine courses. A pilot Pharmacy Longitudinal Clerkship (pPLC) was funded to investigate delivery of this model of clinical education for student pharmacists. OBJECTIVE(S) To investigate the development, implementation and initial evaluation of a pPLC. METHODS The 11-week pPLC was delivered to two students in two GP practices in Scotland. Mixed theory-based methods were used to gather information on the pPLC structures and processes required and qualitative semi-structured Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) based interviews explored outcomes with key stakeholders. Informed written consent was obtained. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. University Ethics approval was granted. RESULTS Data were generated on resources and processes required for a pPLC including funds budgeted for and actually spent on staffing, student travel/subsistence and student clinical 'Kit Bags', learning outcomes, curriculum and training timetable, GP Practice/University contracts. Interviews were completed with the two students, three linked GP clinical supervisors and two Regional Tutors involved. The seven themes were identified and mapped to seven TDF domains including: increased levels of student confidence, and increased student enthusiasm for a career in pharmacy, need for definition of the role of the Regional Tutor for the PLC and GP positivity towards the expected outcomes of clerkship model versus traditional placements. CONCLUSION Findings are limited by the small number of participants and settings, but evaluation was positive and the work garnered information on requirements for resources and processes. This will inform 'roll out' of the PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Innes
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.,Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, Centre for Health Science, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - G Rushworth
- Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, Centre for Health Science, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - B Addison
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Y Wedekind
- Undergraduate Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Inverness, UK
| | - E Watson
- Department of Medical Education, Raigmore Hospital, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - I Rudd
- Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, Centre for Health Science, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK
| | - A Power
- Pharmacy Section, NHS Education for Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Cunningham
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
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González-Beltrán M, Gómez-Alegría C. Molecular Modeling and Bioinformatics Analysis of Drug-Receptor Interactions in the System Formed by Glargine, Its Metabolite M1, the Insulin Receptor, and the IGF1 Receptor. Bioinform Biol Insights 2021; 15:11779322211046403. [PMID: 34594103 PMCID: PMC8477355 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211046403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin and insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF1) regulate multiple physiological functions by acting on the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R). The insulin analog glargine differs from insulin in three residues (GlyA21, ArgB31, ArgB32), and it is converted to metabolite M1 (lacks residues ArgB31 and ArgB32) by in vivo processing. It is known that activation of these receptors modulates pathways related to metabolism, cell division, and growth. Though, the structures and structural basis of the glargine interaction with these receptors are not known. Aim To generate predictive structural models, and to analyze the drug/receptor interactions in the system formed by glargine, its metabolite M1, IR, and IGF1R by using bioinformatics tools. Methods Ligand/receptor models were built by homology modeling using SWISSMODEL, and surface interactions were analyzed using Discovery Studio® Visualizer. Target and hetero target sequences and appropriate template structures were used for modeling. Results Our glargine/IR and metabolite M1/IR models showed an overall symmetric T-shaped conformation and full occupancy with four ligand molecules. The glargine/IR model revealed that the glargine residues ArgB31 and ArgB32 fit in a hydrophilic region formed by the α-chain C-terminal helix (αCT) and the cysteine-rich region (CR) domain of this receptor, close to the CR residues Arg270-Arg271-Gln272 and αCT residue Arg717. Regarding IGF1R, homologous ligand/receptor models were further built assuming that the receptor is in a symmetrical T-shaped conformation and is fully occupied with four ligand molecules, similar to what we described for IR. Our glargine/IGF1R model showed the interaction of the glargine residues ArgB31 and ArgB32 with Glu264 and Glu305 in the CR domain of IGF1R. Conclusion Using bioinformatics tools and predictive modeling, our study provides a better understanding of the glargine/receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Gómez-Alegría
- Grupo de investigación UNIMOL, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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20
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Shiomi M, Yoshioka-Maeda K, Kotera S, Ushio Y, Takemura K. Factors associated with the utilization of community assessment models among Japanese nurses. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:464-471. [PMID: 34514626 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify factors related to the practical utilization of community health needs assessment (CHNA) models that public health nurses (PHNs) learned in their fundamental education. DESIGN A nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted via postal mail. SAMPLE We randomly selected 630 public health institutes in Japan. The participants were 3397 full-time novice and mid-level PHNs. MEASUREMENTS The questionnaire included the participants' basic personal information, six items regarding the perception of CHNA with a 4-point Likert scale, learned models in their undergraduate education, their utilization in practical settings, and the reasons for their answer in narrative form. RESULTS There were 951 valid responses. The results of logistic regression showed that the significant positively factors with model utilization were perception of CHNA as "not troublesome" or "not impossible as they learned," continuing education with 5 years of experience, and identification of the learned model in continuing education. Furthermore, the results of text mining showed the reasons for non-utilization of the model included being "busy" and having a lack of "opportunity." CONCLUSIONS This study showed the associated factors with rare utilization of a learned model for PHNs. These findings may suggest improvement of continuing education and development of an appropriate assessment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Shiomi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yoshioka-Maeda
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kotera
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Ushio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuko Takemura
- College of Nursing Art & Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi, Japan
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21
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Azum N, Rub MA, Asiri AM. Mixed Micellization and Spectroscopic Studies of Anti-Allergic Drug and Non-Ionic Surfactant in the Presence of Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2756. [PMID: 34451295 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug delivery, surfactants are used to reduce side effects and to increase drug efficiency. The present work aimed to study the interaction of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (anti-allergic drug) with TX–45 (non-ionic surfactant) in the absence and presence of ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride). The physicochemical parameters were estimated by the surface tension measurement. Various theoretical models (Clint, Rubingh, Motomura, and Maeda) were applied to determine the attractive behavior between drug and surfactant mixtures at the surface and in bulk. The drug and surfactant mixtures exhibit synergistic behavior in the absence and presence of ionic liquid. Several energetic parameters were also estimated with the assistance of regular solution approximation and pseudo phase separation model that indicate micelle formation and adsorption of surfactant at the surface is thermodynamically advantageous. The morphology of pure and mixture of amphiphiles has been estimated by the Tanford and Israelachvili theories. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to quantify the attractive behavior of the drug with surfactant with the help of a binding constant (K).
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22
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Rieser CJ, Narayanan S, Bahary N, Bartlett DL, Lee KK, Paniccia A, Smith K, Zureikat AH. Optimal management of patients with operable pancreatic head cancer: A Markov decision analysis. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:801-809. [PMID: 34231222 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is an emerging strategy for operable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While NAT increases multimodal therapy completion, it risks functional decline and treatment dropout. We used decision analysis to determine optimal management of localized PDAC and consider risks faced by elderly patients. METHODS A Markov cohort decision analysis model evaluated treatment options for a 60-year-old patient with resectable PDAC: (1) upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy or (2) NAT. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. A subanalysis considered the scenario of a 75-year-old patient. RESULTS For the base case, NAT offered an incremental survival gain of 4.6 months compared with SF (overall survival: 26.3 vs. 21.7 months). In one-way sensitivity analyses, findings were sensitive to recurrence-free survival for NAT patients undergoing adjuvant, probability of completing NAT, and probability of being resectable at exploration after NAT. On probabilistic analysis, NAT was favored in a majority of trials (97%) with a median survival benefit of 5.1 months. In altering the base case for the 75-year-old scenario, NAT had a survival benefit of 3.8 months. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates a significant benefit to NAT in patients with localized PDAC. This benefit persists even in the elderly cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Rieser
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sowmya Narayanan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Bahary
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David L Bartlett
- AHN Cancer Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth K Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandro Paniccia
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amer H Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Abstract
Choosing and optimizing treatment strategies for cancer requires
capturing its complex dynamics sufficiently well for understanding but
without being overwhelmed. Mathematical models are essential to
achieve this understanding, and we discuss the challenge of choosing
the right level of complexity to address the full range of tumor
complexity from growth, the generation of tumor heterogeneity, and
interactions within tumors and with treatments and the tumor
microenvironment. We discuss the differences between conceptual and
descriptive models, and compare the use of predator-prey models,
evolutionary game theory, and dynamic precision medicine approaches in
the face of uncertainty about mechanisms and parameter values.
Although there is of course no one-size-fits-all approach, we conclude
that broad and flexible thinking about cancer, based on combined
modeling approaches, will play a key role in finding creative and
improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Beckman
- Departments of Oncology and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, & Biomathematics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, 12231Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Irina Kareva
- Mathematical and Computational Sciences Center, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, 7864Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Frederick R Adler
- School of Biological Sciences, 415772University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Mathematics, 415772University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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24
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Gallina D, Pastor GM. Structural Disorder and Collective Behavior of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1392. [PMID: 34070306 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structural disorder has been shown to be responsible for profound changes of the interaction-energy landscapes and collective dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic nanostructures. Weakly-disordered 2D ensembles have a few particularly stable magnetic configurations with large basins of attraction from which the higher-energy metastable configurations are separated by only small downward barriers. In contrast, strongly-disordered ensembles have rough energy landscapes with a large number of low-energy local minima separated by relatively large energy barriers. Consequently, the former show good-structure-seeker behavior with an unhindered relaxation dynamics that is funnelled towards the global minimum, whereas the latter show a time evolution involving multiple time scales and trapping which is reminiscent of glasses. Although these general trends have been clearly established, a detailed assessment of the extent of these effects in specific nanostructure realizations remains elusive. The present study quantifies the disorder-induced changes in the interaction-energy landscape of two-dimensional dipole-coupled magnetic nanoparticles as a function of the magnetic configuration of the ensembles. Representative examples of weakly-disordered square-lattice arrangements, showing good structure-seeker behavior, and of strongly-disordered arrangements, showing spin-glass-like behavior, are considered. The topology of the kinetic networks of metastable magnetic configurations is analyzed. The consequences of disorder on the morphology of the interaction-energy landscapes are revealed by contrasting the corresponding disconnectivity graphs. The correlations between the characteristics of the energy landscapes and the Markovian dynamics of the various magnetic nanostructures are quantified by calculating the field-free relaxation time evolution after either magnetic saturation or thermal quenching and by comparing them with the corresponding averages over a large number of structural arrangements. Common trends and system-specific features are identified and discussed.
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Abstract
Background: The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in health care is increasing attention. To describe health inequalities and equity with regard to the use of digital health technologies in a care context and to understand interrelationships, it is of particular importance for the field of care research to use models and theories that explain health inequalities and equity in the use of digital technologies. Aims: This article aims to identify models and theories from the field of nursing and health research that explain the phenomenon of health inequalities and the influence of digital health technologies on the emergence of inequalities. Methods: Relevant articles were searched in electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL & SocINDEX) between July and August 2019 in German and English, within the methodological framework of a scoping review. The systematic literature search and data extraction were performed by 2 reviewers. The description of data refers to standard criteria by 8-1Christiansen and Baum (1997). Results: From a total of 25 relevant articles, 2 were identified for inclusion in the current overview. One model is focusing on ICT for health and the other model focuses on eHealth. No nursing theory could be identified in the context of describing the phenomenon of digital inequality. Conclusions: In both models, there is a lack of discussion about the impact of nursing aspects on the use and acceptance of eHealth technologies. One point should also be the development of models and theories that consider the user perspective of vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil J Wrona
- Dept. Demography and Health & Centre for ePublic Health Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld
| | | | - Christoph Dockweiler
- Centre for ePublic Health Research, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld
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26
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Smith JA, Beacroft L, Abdullah F, Buthelezi B, Makua M, Morroni C, Ramjee G, Velasquez C, Hallett TB. Responding to the ECHO trial results: modelling the potential impact of changing contraceptive method mix on HIV and reproductive health in South Africa. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 23:e25620. [PMID: 33030312 PMCID: PMC7543057 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some observational data suggest that the progestogen injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may increase a woman's risk of HIV acquisition but a randomized clinical trial did not find a statistically significant increase in HIV risk for women using DMPA compared to two other methods. However, it could not rule out up to 30% increased HIV risk for DMPA users. We evaluate changes to contraceptive method mix in South Africa under different assumptions about the existence and strength of a possible undetected relationship between DMPA use and HIV risk. METHODS A mathematical model was developed to simulate the ongoing HIV epidemic and contraceptive method mix in South Africa to estimate how changes in method mix could impact HIV- and reproductive health-related outcomes. We made different assumptions about the relationship between DMPA use and HIV risk, from no relationship to a 30% increase in HIV risk for women using DMPA. Scenario analyses were used to investigate the impact of switching away from DMPA predominance to new patterns of contraceptive use. RESULTS In South Africa, the HIV-related benefits of reduced DMPA use could be as great as the harms of increased adverse reproductive health outcomes over 20 years, if DMPA did increase the risk of HIV acquisition by a relative hazard of infection of 1.1 or greater. A reduction in DMPA use among HIV-positive women would have no benefit in terms of HIV infections, but would incur additional negative reproductive health outcomes. The most important driver of adverse reproductive health outcomes is the proportion of women who switch away from DMPA to no contraceptive method. CONCLUSIONS If there is any real increased HIV risk for DMPA users that has not been detected by the recent randomized trial, a reduction in DMPA use could reduce the ongoing number of new HIV infections. However, such a change would place more women at risk of adverse reproductive health effects. It is imperative that these effects are minimized by focusing on expanding access to safe, effective and acceptable alternative contraceptive methods for all women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Smith
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Beacroft
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fareed Abdullah
- Office of AIDS and TB Research, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Manala Makua
- National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chelsea Morroni
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute, Gaborone, Botswana.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Timothy B Hallett
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Stroh JN, Bennett TD, Kheyfets V, Albers D. Clinical Decision Support for Traumatic Brain Injury: Identifying a Framework for Practical Model-Based Intracranial Pressure Estimation at Multihour Timescales. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e23215. [PMID: 33749613 PMCID: PMC8077603 DOI: 10.2196/23215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical mitigation of intracranial hypertension due to traumatic brain injury requires timely knowledge of intracranial pressure to avoid secondary injury or death. Noninvasive intracranial pressure (nICP) estimation that operates sufficiently fast at multihour timescales and requires only common patient measurements is a desirable tool for clinical decision support and improving traumatic brain injury patient outcomes. However, existing model-based nICP estimation methods may be too slow or require data that are not easily obtained. OBJECTIVE This work considers short- and real-time nICP estimation at multihour timescales based on arterial blood pressure (ABP) to better inform the ongoing development of practical models with commonly available data. METHODS We assess and analyze the effects of two distinct pathways of model development, either by increasing physiological integration using a simple pressure estimation model, or by increasing physiological fidelity using a more complex model. Comparison of the model approaches is performed using a set of quantitative model validation criteria over hour-scale times applied to model nICP estimates in relation to observed ICP. RESULTS The simple fully coupled estimation scheme based on windowed regression outperforms a more complex nICP model with prescribed intracranial inflow when pulsatile ABP inflow conditions are provided. We also show that the simple estimation data requirements can be reduced to 1-minute averaged ABP summary data under generic waveform representation. CONCLUSIONS Stronger performance of the simple bidirectional model indicates that feedback between the systemic vascular network and nICP estimation scheme is crucial for modeling over long intervals. However, simple model reduction to ABP-only dependence limits its utility in cases involving other brain injuries such as ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional methodologies and considerations needed to overcome these limitations are illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Stroh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tellen D Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vitaly Kheyfets
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David Albers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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28
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Mason TB, Smith KE, Anderson LM, Hazzard VM. Anhedonia, positive affect dysregulation, and risk and maintenance of binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:287-292. [PMID: 33295671 PMCID: PMC8673784 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Low positive affect has been identified as an antecedent of binge-eating episodes among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED), yet positive affect has received far less attention in eating disorders research than its counterpart, negative affect. In this article, we argue that the low levels of positive affect which occur with anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest or pleasure in activities) may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED. We introduce a theoretical model in which anhedonia increases the risk for BED through its interrelationships with dysregulated eating and weight gain, and we describe potential direct (e.g., reward-related processes) as well as indirect (e.g., influences on depressive symptoms and physical activity) pathways by which anhedonia may lead to adverse eating- and weight-related outcomes. We also propose a momentary maintenance model in which low positive affect and positive affect dysregulation occurring with anhedonia maintain binge eating directly and indirectly through maladaptive health behaviors, such as decreased physical activity, less healthy eating, and fewer social interactions, which in turn maintain anhedonia. We draw upon outside literature to present evidence that aligns with the proposed risk and maintenance models and conclude by outlining avenues for future research-including methodological/measurement, theoretical, and clinical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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29
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Amanzio M, Palermo S. Editorial: Unawareness of Illness in Neurological Disorders: A Focussed Neurocognitive Approach Shedding Light on Neuropsychological Deficits and Neural Underpinnings Potential Association. Front Psychol 2020; 11:622576. [PMID: 33365009 PMCID: PMC7750403 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.622576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Amanzio
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Movement Disorders, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Palermo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Movement Disorders, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Ruzicka F, Connallon T. Is the X chromosome a hot spot for sexually antagonistic polymorphisms? Biases in current empirical tests of classical theory. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201869. [PMID: 33081608 PMCID: PMC7661300 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Females and males carry nearly identical genomes, which can constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism and generate conditions that are favourable for maintaining sexually antagonistic (SA) polymorphisms, in which alleles beneficial for one sex are deleterious for the other. An influential theoretical prediction, by Rice (Rice 1984 Evolution38, 735-742), is that the X chromosome should be a 'hot spot' (i.e. enriched) for SA polymorphisms. While important caveats to Rice's theoretical prediction have since been highlighted (e.g. by Fry (2010) Evolution64, 1510-1516), several empirical studies appear to support it. Here, we show that current tests of Rice's theory-most of which are based on quantitative genetic measures of fitness (co)variance-are frequently biased towards detecting X-linked effects. We show that X-linked genes tend to contribute disproportionately to quantitative genetic patterns of SA fitness variation whether or not the X is enriched for SA polymorphisms. Population genomic approaches for detecting SA loci, including genome-wide association study of fitness and analyses of intersexual FST, are similarly biased towards detecting X-linked effects. In the light of our models, we critically re-evaluate empirical evidence for Rice's theory and discuss prospects for empirically testing it.
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31
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Adrian-Kalchhauser I, Sultan SE, Shama LNS, Spence-Jones H, Tiso S, Keller Valsecchi CI, Weissing FJ. Understanding 'Non-genetic' Inheritance: Insights from Molecular-Evolutionary Crosstalk. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:1078-1089. [PMID: 33036806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary and ecological roles of 'non-genetic' inheritance (NGI) is daunting due to the complexity and diversity of epigenetic mechanisms. We draw on insights from molecular and evolutionary biology perspectives to identify three general features of 'non-genetic' inheritance systems: (i) they are functionally interdependent with, rather than separate from, DNA sequence; (ii) precise mechanisms vary phylogenetically and operationally; and (iii) epigenetic elements are probabilistic, interactive regulatory factors and not deterministic 'epialleles' with defined genomic locations and effects. We discuss each of these features and offer recommendations for future empirical and theoretical research that implements a unifying inherited gene regulation (IGR) approach to studies of 'non-genetic' inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Department for Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia E Sultan
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Lisa N S Shama
- Coastal Ecology Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992 List, Germany
| | - Helen Spence-Jones
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Stefano Tiso
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Franz J Weissing
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Abstract
The functioning of cerebral cortex depends on adequate tissue oxygenation. MRI-based techniques allow estimation of blood oxygen levels, tissue perfusion, and oxygen consumption rate (CMRO2), but do not directly measure partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in tissue. To address the estimation of tissue PO2, the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KTO2) is here defined as the CMRO2 divided by the difference in spatially averaged PO2 between blood and tissue, and is estimated by analyzing Krogh-cylinder type models. Resistance to radial diffusion of oxygen from microvessels to tissue is distributed within vessels and in the extravascular tissue. The value of KTO2 is shown to depend strongly on vascular length density and also on microvessel tube hematocrits and diameters, but to be insensitive to blood flow rate and to transient changes in flow or oxygen consumption. Estimated values of KTO2 are higher than implied by previous studies, implying smaller declines in PO2 from blood to tissue. Average tissue PO2 can be estimated from MRI-based measurements as average blood PO2 minus the product of KTO2 and CMRO2. For oxygen consumption rates and vascular densities typical of mouse cortex, the predicted difference between average blood and tissue PO2 is about 10 mmHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Secomb
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Katherine V Bullock
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hester N, Payne K, Brown-Iannuzzi J, Gray K. On Intersectionality: How Complex Patterns of Discrimination Can Emerge From Simple Stereotypes. Psychol Sci 2020; 31:1013-1024. [PMID: 32716724 DOI: 10.1177/0956797620929979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of discrimination are often complex (i.e., multiplicative), with different identities combining to yield especially potent discrimination. For example, Black men are disproportionately stopped by police to a degree that cannot be explained by the simple (i.e., additive) effects of being Black and being male. Researchers often posit corresponding mental representations (e.g., intersectional stereotypes for Black men) to account for these complex outcomes. We suggest that complex discrimination can be explained by simple stereotypes combined with threshold models of behavior-for example, "if someone's threat level seems higher than X, stop that person." Simulations provide proof of this concept. We show how gender-by-race discrimination in both promotions and police stops can be explained by simple stereotypes. We also explore race-by-age discrimination in police stops, in which racial disparities are greater for young adolescents. This work suggests that complex behaviors can sometimes arise from relatively simple cognitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keith Payne
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Kurt Gray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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34
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Rabelo-Silva ER, Monteiro Mantovani V, López Pedraza L, Cardoso PC, Takao Lopes C, Herdman TH. International Collaboration and New Research Evidence on Nanda International Terminology. Int J Nurs Knowl 2020; 32:103-107. [PMID: 32706525 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To discuss priorities and possibilities for promoting international collaboration and new research evidence on NANDA International, Inc. (NANDA-I). METHODS Theoretical reflection article based on the literature and the authors' opinions on the subject matter, carried out by six research nurses. CONCLUSIONS International research collaboration for NANDA-I allows the improvement of research production in an actual clinical setting, especially with multicenter and validation studies, conducted by researchers from different countries. This provides for improved understanding of patients' experiences and may help to produce robust scientific evidence. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING KNOWLEDGE The generation of new evidence may lead to an increase in NANDA-I visibility and in nurses' understanding of its meaning for clinical practice and for the formulation of diagnostic hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eneida Rejane Rabelo-Silva
- Eneida Rejane Rabelo-Silva, RN, MSc, ScD, is an Associate Professor at School of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Researcher of the Nursing Research Group on the Care of Adults and the Elderly (GEPECADI-CNPq), Researcher of CNPq, Nurse Coordinator of Vascular Access Program and Heart Failure Clinic at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Monteiro Mantovani
- Vanessa Monteiro Mantovani, RN, MSc, is a PhD Student at Graduate Program in Nursing, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and a Member of the GEPECADI-CNPq, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia López Pedraza
- Leticia López Pedraza, RN, SDc, Graduate Program on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Member of the GEPECADI-CNPq, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Cardoso
- Patrícia Cristina Cardoso, RN, MSc, is a PhD Student at Graduate Program on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and a Member of the GEPECADI-CNPq, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Takao Lopes
- Camila Takao Lopes is a PhD in Science. Adjunct professor at Nursing Paulista School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tracy Heather Herdman
- Tracy Heather Herdman, PhD, RN, FNI, is an Associate Lecturer at the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Chief Executive Officer, NANDA International, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kriston
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Xiang D, Shen L, Wang H. Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of Mineral Oil-Based Alumina/Aluminum Nitride Nanofluids. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E4217. [PMID: 31888147 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Al2O3/AlN–mineral oil nanofluids were prepared by dispersing commercially available Al2O3 and AlN nanoparticles into mineral oil. SEM measurements showed that the average diameter of the Al2O3 and AlN nanoparticles was about 55 and 50 nm, respectively. The experiments showed that the thermal conductivity systematically improved as the Al2O3 and AlN nanoparticles were introduced into the mineral oil. The thermal conductivity of the mineral oil-based nanofluids increased by 18% with a 1% volume fraction of Al2O3 and increased by 7% with a 0.5% volume fraction of AlN. The experimental data were compared with the values that were predicted by four typical thermal conductivity models, and a large disparity was disclosed between the models and the experimental data. After considering the thermal dynamic factors in the Al2O3/AlN–mineral oil nanofluids, a universal model is proposed that agrees well with the variation of thermal conductivity of the nanofluids.
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37
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Belcher SM, Donovan HS, Bovbjerg DH, Sherwood PR, Campbell GB, Sereika SM. Psychobehavioral risk factors for financial hardship and poor functional outcomes in survivors of multiple primary cancers. Psychooncology 2019; 29:507-516. [PMID: 31733024 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Survivors of multiple primary cancers (MPC) are at increased risk for poor health outcomes compared with survivors of single cancers. Using an adapted psychobehavioral stress-response model, the study purpose was to identify pathways and individual risk factors associated with poor health outcomes in adults with MPC. METHODS Adult MPC survivors (N = 211) with first cancers (stages I-III) diagnosed within 1 to 10 years were recruited via tumor registry. Employing a cross-sectional design, established questionnaires were used to operationalize patient characteristics and theoretical constructs including perceived stress, psychological and behavioral responses, financial hardship, social role function, and physical health. Disease and treatment data were obtained via registry and medical records. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to fit, test, and modify the hypothesized psychobehavioral model. RESULTS Following measurement model refinement, an SEM linking self-management behaviors, distress, financial hardship, and functional health demonstrated a good fit: χ2 (200, N = 206) = 332.06, P < .01; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = .95, comparative fit index (CFI) = .96, standardized root mean residual (SRMR) = .06, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .06. Less use of self-management behaviors predicted higher distress which, in turn, predicted higher financial hardship; higher distress and financial hardship predicted poorer functional health. Several sociodemographic and personal factors predicted self-management behaviors and distress. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesized stress-response model was partially supported. Data supported pathways among self-management behaviors, distress, financial hardship, and functional health. Self-management and distress may represent modifiable intervention targets for MPC survivors. High body mass index (BMI), less education, greater neuroticism, and lower social support were associated with less use of self-management behaviors and higher distress and should be further evaluated as potential markers of vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Belcher
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heidi S Donovan
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Magee Women's Hospital, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana H Bovbjerg
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paula R Sherwood
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace B Campbell
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan M Sereika
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Abstract
Most applied work on caries prevention acknowledges the role of oral hygiene and dietary control strategies in reducing the prevalence and incidence of caries. What we seldom address, however, is the necessity of initiating and sustaining behaviors that will ensure these strategies are implemented. Virtually every approach to prevention of caries requires the individual to do something, that is, to engage in different behavior. We are continually confronted by the fact that to improve oral health, individuals must behave in new ways. Strategies for achieving better oral health most often have relied on providing information or telling people what they should or should not do. These approaches have not proven highly effective, yet they continue to be the mainstay of efforts to improve oral health. Acknowledging this failure, dental behavioral scientists have turned to the health beliefs model or to other cognitive-behavioral models, with their emphases on relative risks, barriers, and readiness to change. These models help us to conceptualize what people are doing to keep themselves, or their children, orally healthy, but the success of these models has been only marginal, especially among groups where disparities are extreme. In response, increasingly complex models that require attention to social and environmental variables, as well as individual behavior, have been proposed. Acknowledgment of “upstream variables” has become common—especially when working with populations experiencing health disparities, but overcoming upstream influences can appear to require sweeping changes that we often are not in a position to address. Consequently, research only picks away at individual elements of models, seeking the behavioral “magic bullet.” In an effort to elucidate the challenges, this article introduces the construct of overdetermination of behavior and encourages more rigorous documentation of potential determinants, as well as personalized development of behavioral approaches for implementing strategies to improve oral health. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This article reexamines our inconsistent results in effecting behavior change for better oral health using 2 important psychological constructs: "upstream variables" and the "overdetermination" of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albino
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - T Tiwari
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Oliveira Pitta Lopes R, Caniçali Primo C, Santos de Andrade Martins J, Faria Campos J, Souza Barbosa G, de Abreu Pinto Peixoto M, Antônio Gomes Brandão M. T-NDX Diagram: Educational Technology Used to Teach Diagnostic Reasoning Based on Nursing Theories. Int J Nurs Knowl 2019; 31:94-100. [PMID: 31343122 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe an educational technology to be applied to the teaching and learning of diagnostic judgment based on nursing theories. METHODS A methodological study with 10 stages for the development of educational technology. FINDINGS An innovative educational technology is proposed to incorporate theoretical and methodological domains in a V-shaped diagram for the diagnosis judgment. CONCLUSIONS The technology is innovative in integrating theory and method in a more comprehensive and original way, considering the philosophies and world views of students throughout the reasoning process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE T-NDx Diagram may be useful in enhancing the integration of philosophical and theoretical knowledge and diagnostic judgment, especially for nursing undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliveira Pitta Lopes
- Rafael Oliveira Pitta Lopes, RN, MSN, is a PhD student at Anna Nery School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Assistant Professor at Nursing and Midwifery Graduate Course, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Cândida Caniçali Primo
- Cândida Caniçali Primo, RN, MSN, PhD, is Adjunct Professor at Nursing Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Santos de Andrade Martins
- Jaqueline Santos de Andrade Martins, RN, MSN, PhD, is Adjunct Professor at Associação Brasileira de Ensino Universitário, Belford Roxo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Faria Campos
- Juliana Faria Campos, RN, MSN, PhD, is Adjunct Professor at Anna Nery School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Genesis Souza Barbosa
- Genesis Souza Barbosa, RN, MSN, is Assistant Professor at Nursing and Midwifery Graduate Course, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Mauricio de Abreu Pinto Peixoto
- Mauricio de Abreu Pinto Peixoto, MD, PhD, is Associate Professor at Nucleus of Educational Technology for Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão
- Marcos Antônio Gomes Brandão, RN, MSN, PhD, is Associate Professor at Anna Nery School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
The basic reproduction number (R0), also called the basic reproduction ratio or rate or the basic reproductive rate, is an epidemiologic metric used to describe the contagiousness or transmissibility of infectious agents. R0 is affected by numerous biological, sociobehavioral, and environmental factors that govern pathogen transmission and, therefore, is usually estimated with various types of complex mathematical models, which make R0 easily misrepresented, misinterpreted, and misapplied. R0 is not a biological constant for a pathogen, a rate over time, or a measure of disease severity, and R0 cannot be modified through vaccination campaigns. R0 is rarely measured directly, and modeled R0 values are dependent on model structures and assumptions. Some R0 values reported in the scientific literature are likely obsolete. R0 must be estimated, reported, and applied with great caution because this basic metric is far from simple.
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Henry SG, Paterniti DA, Feng B, Iosif AM, Kravitz RL, Weinberg G, Cowan P, Verba S. Patients' Experience With Opioid Tapering: A Conceptual Model With Recommendations for Clinicians. J Pain 2019; 20:181-191. [PMID: 30243859 PMCID: PMC6349552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines discourage prescribing opioids for chronic pain, but give minimal advice about how to discuss opioid tapering with patients. We conducted focus groups and interviews involving 21 adults with chronic back or neck pain in different stages of opioid tapering. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed to characterize patients' tapering experiences, build a conceptual model of these experiences, and identify strategies for promoting productive discussions of opioid tapering. Analyses revealed 3 major themes. First, owing to dynamic changes in patients' social relationships, emotional state, and health status, patients' pain and their perceived need for opioids fluctuate daily; this finding may conflict with recommendations to taper by a certain amount each month. Second, tapering requires substantial patient effort across multiple domains of patients' everyday lives; patients discuss this effort superficially, if at all, with clinicians. Third, patients use a variety of strategies to manage the tapering process (eg, keeping an opioid stash, timing opioid consumption based on planned activities). Recommendations for promoting productive tapering discussions include understanding the social and emotional dynamics likely to impact patients' tapering, addressing patient fears, focusing on patients' best interests, providing anticipatory guidance about tapering, and developing an individualized tapering plan that can be adjusted based on patient response. Perspective: This study used interview and focus group data to characterize patients' experiences with opioid tapering and identify communication strategies that are likely to foster productive, patient-centered discussions of opioid tapering. Findings will inform further research on tapering and help primary care clinicians to address this important, often challenging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Henry
- Division of General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Bioethics; Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - Debora A Paterniti
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | | | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Richard L Kravitz
- Division of General Medicine, Geriatrics, and Bioethics; Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Gary Weinberg
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California
| | - Penney Cowan
- American Chronic Pain Association, Rocklin, California
| | - Susan Verba
- Center for Design in the Public Interest, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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Ciardo D, Goldar A, Marheineke K. On the Interplay of the DNA Replication Program and the Intra-S Phase Checkpoint Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E94. [PMID: 30700024 PMCID: PMC6410103 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication in eukaryotes is achieved by the activation of multiple replication origins which needs to be precisely coordinated in space and time. This spatio-temporal replication program is regulated by many factors to maintain genome stability, which is frequently threatened through stresses of exogenous or endogenous origin. Intra-S phase checkpoints monitor the integrity of DNA synthesis and are activated when replication forks are stalled. Their activation leads to the stabilization of forks, to the delay of the replication program by the inhibition of late firing origins, and the delay of G2/M phase entry. In some cell cycles during early development these mechanisms are less efficient in order to allow rapid cell divisions. In this article, we will review our current knowledge of how the intra-S phase checkpoint regulates the replication program in budding yeast and metazoan models, including early embryos with rapid S phases. We sum up current models on how the checkpoint can inhibit origin firing in some genomic regions, but allow dormant origin activation in other regions. Finally, we discuss how numerical and theoretical models can be used to connect the multiple different actors into a global process and to extract general rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ciardo
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
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Abstract
The basic reproduction number (R0), also called the basic reproduction ratio or rate or the basic reproductive rate, is an epidemiologic metric used to describe the contagiousness or transmissibility of infectious agents. R0 is affected by numerous biological, sociobehavioral, and environmental factors that govern pathogen transmission and, therefore, is usually estimated with various types of complex mathematical models, which make R0 easily misrepresented, misinterpreted, and misapplied. R0 is not a biological constant for a pathogen, a rate over time, or a measure of disease severity, and R0 cannot be modified through vaccination campaigns. R0 is rarely measured directly, and modeled R0 values are dependent on model structures and assumptions. Some R0 values reported in the scientific literature are likely obsolete. R0 must be estimated, reported, and applied with great caution because this basic metric is far from simple.
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Abstract
Family-Centered Care (FCC) represents the ideal service delivery approach in pediatric rehabilitation. Nonetheless, implementing FCC as intended in clinical settings continues to be hindered by knowledge gaps. One overlooked gap is our understanding of clients' therapy expectations. This perspective article synthesizes knowledge from the mental health services literature on strategies recommended to service providers for generating transparent and congruent therapy expectations with clients, and applies this knowledge to the pediatric rehabilitation literature, where this topic has been researched significantly less, for the purpose of improving FCC implementation. Dimensions of the Measure of Processes of Care, an assessment tool that measures clients' perceptions of the extent a service is family-centered, inform the organization of therapy expectation-generating strategies: (1) Providing Respectful and Supportive Care (assessing and validating clients' expectations); (2) General and Specific Information (foreshadowing therapy journeys, explaining treatment rationale, and conveying service provider qualifications); (3) Coordinated and Comprehensive Care (socializing clients to roles and reflecting on past socialization); and (4) Enabling and Partnership (applying a negotiation framework and fostering spaces safe to critique). Strategies can help pediatric rehabilitation service providers work with families to reframe unrealistic expectations, establish congruent beliefs supporting effective partnerships, and prevent possible disillusionment with therapy over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Smart
- a Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Emily Nalder
- a Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,d March of Dimes Canada , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Patty Rigby
- a Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Gillian King
- a Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
Engaging youth with disabilities and families in research is critical in facilitating knowledge utilization to impact processes and outcomes of services and interventions. Organizations such as INVOLVE in the United Kingdom, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute in the United States advocate for engaging stakeholders in all aspects of the research process. Despite these efforts, there is a need for research to identify best practices and approaches for stakeholder engagement in research as current descriptions around processes are lacking. In this perspective paper, we share our insights and experiences with engaging youth with disabilities and families as members of the research team. We offer considerations and strategies for stakeholder engagement, as well as identify relevant frameworks to facilitate stakeholder engagement in research. We encourage researchers to share and document their experiences with stakeholder engagement in research to provide guidance for others with shared interests. We hope this paper will initiate conversations among researchers about best practices to maximize the full potential of stakeholders' time and input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Nguyen
- a School of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,b CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada.,c School of Rehabilitation Science , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Robert J Palisano
- b CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada.,d Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences , Drexel University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Ian Graham
- a School of Epidemiology and Public Health , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,e Clinical Epidemiology Program , Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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Pearson LN, Layfield LJ, Schmidt RL. Cost-effectiveness of rapid on-site evaluation of the adequacy of FNA cytology samples performed by nonpathologists. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:839-845. [PMID: 30311738 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) can increase adequacy and reduce needle passes in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) procedures. However, ROSE increases the cost of FNAC. Costs may be reduced if ROSE is performed by an alternate evaluator (AE), such as a cytotechnologist (CT), endoscopist, or pulmonologist, rather than a cytopathologist (CP). Studies have shown that AEs can perform ROSE with high accuracy but are generally not as accurate as CPs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of AEs on the cost-effectiveness of ROSE. METHODS A cost model, based on a mathematical sampling model, was developed. The cost model was used to compare the impact of the evaluator type on overall costs. RESULTS CTs were likely to be cost-effective for simple procedures and were unlikely to be cost-effective for only the most complex procedures. The model demonstrated the tradeoff in cost savings from using AEs and the potential costs associated with repeated procedures due to the lower accuracy of AEs. CONCLUSIONS The cost-effectiveness of AEs is context-dependent. AEs can be cost-effective even if they are less accurate than CPs. AEs are likely to be cost-effective in most contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Pearson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lester J Layfield
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert L Schmidt
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Rahimi B, Nadri H, Lotfnezhad Afshar H, Timpka T. A Systematic Review of the Technology Acceptance Model in Health Informatics. Appl Clin Inform 2018; 9:604-634. [PMID: 30112741 PMCID: PMC6094026 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One common model utilized to understand clinical staff and patients' technology adoption is the technology acceptance model (TAM). OBJECTIVE This article reviews published research on TAM use in health information systems development and implementation with regard to application areas and model extensions after its initial introduction. METHOD An electronic literature search supplemented by citation searching was conducted on February 2017 of the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, yielding a total of 492 references. Upon eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 134 articles were retained. These articles were appraised and divided into three categories according to research topic: studies using the original TAM, studies using an extended TAM, and acceptance model comparisons including the TAM. RESULTS The review identified three main information and communication technology (ICT) application areas for the TAM in health services: telemedicine, electronic health records, and mobile applications. The original TAM was found to have been extended to fit dynamic health service environments by integration of components from theoretical frameworks such as the theory of planned behavior and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, as well as by adding variables in specific contextual settings. These variables frequently reflected the concepts subjective norm and self-efficacy, but also compatibility, experience, training, anxiety, habit, and facilitators were considered. CONCLUSION Telemedicine applications were between 1999 and 2017, the ICT application area most frequently studied using the TAM, implying that acceptance of this technology was a major challenge when exploiting ICT to develop health service organizations during this period. A majority of the reviewed articles reported extensions of the original TAM, suggesting that no optimal TAM version for use in health services has been established. Although the review results indicate a continuous progress, there are still areas that can be expanded and improved to increase the predictive performance of the TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahlol Rahimi
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Nadri
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Lotfnezhad Afshar
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
As a so-called 'Developmental Jungian' the author of this paper was raised bilingual - speaking both psychoanalytic and Jungian languages. Early on in her training an analysand brought a dream which seemed to capture an inherent tension regarding the analyst's role in the analytic relationship. The paper is a personal exploration of the potentially creative nature of this tension through focussing on the dream and the work with the dreamer.
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Shoji M, Isobe H, Tanaka A, Fukushima Y, Kawakami K, Umena Y, Kamiya N, Nakajima T, Yamaguchi K. Understanding Two Different Structures in the Dark Stable State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II: Applicability of the Jahn-Teller Deformation Formula. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018; 2:257-270. [PMID: 29577075 PMCID: PMC5861676 DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tanaka et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 1718) recently reported the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using extremely low X-ray doses of 0.03 and 0.12 MGy. They observed two different 3D structures of the CaMn4O5 cluster with different hydrogen-bonding interactions in the S1 state of OEC keeping the surrounding polypeptide frameworks of PSII the same. Our Jahn-Teller (JT) deformation formula based on large-scale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) was applied for these low-dose XRD structures, elucidating important roles of JT effects of the MnIII ion for subtle geometric distortions of the CaMn4O5 cluster in OEC of PSII. The JT deformation formula revealed the similarity between the low-dose XRD and damage-free serial femtosecond X-ray diffraction (SFX) structures of the CaMn4O5 cluster in the dark stable state. The extremely low-dose XRD structures were not damaged by X-ray irradiation. Implications of the present results are discussed in relation to recent SFX results and a blue print for the design of artificial photocatalysts for water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Shoji
- Center of Computational SciencesTsukuba University, TsukubaIbaraki305–8577Japan
| | - Hiroshi Isobe
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyOkayama UniversityOkayama700–8530Japan
| | - Ayako Tanaka
- The OUC Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA)Osaka City UniversityOsaka558–8585Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Fukushima
- The OUC Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA)Osaka City UniversityOsaka558–8585Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawakami
- The OUC Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA)Osaka City UniversityOsaka558–8585Japan
| | - Yasufumi Umena
- The OUC Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA)Osaka City UniversityOsaka558–8585Japan
| | - Nobuo Kamiya
- The OUC Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARNA)Osaka City UniversityOsaka558–8585Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Chuo-KuKobe, Hyogo650-0047Japan
| | - Kizashi Yamaguchi
- Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Chuo-KuKobe, Hyogo650-0047Japan
- Institute for Nanoscience DesignOsaka University, ToyonakaOsaka560–8531Japan
- Handairigaku Techno-Research, ToyonakaOsaka560-0043Japan
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Zeng Q, Shi F, Zhang J, Ling C, Dong F, Jiang B. A Modified Tri-Exponential Model for Multi- b-value Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: A Method to Detect the Strictly Diffusion-Limited Compartment in Brain. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29535599 PMCID: PMC5834430 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To present a new modified tri-exponential model for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to detect the strictly diffusion-limited compartment, and to compare it with the conventional bi- and tri-exponential models. Methods: Multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with 17 b-values up to 8,000 s/mm2 were performed on six volunteers. The corrected Akaike information criterions (AICc) and squared predicted errors (SPE) were calculated to compare these three models. Results: The mean f0 values were ranging 11.9–18.7% in white matter ROIs and 1.2–2.7% in gray matter ROIs. In all white matter ROIs: the AICcs of the modified tri-exponential model were the lowest (p < 0.05 for five ROIs), indicating the new model has the best fit among these models; the SPEs of the bi-exponential model were the highest (p < 0.05), suggesting the bi-exponential model is unable to predict the signal intensity at ultra-high b-value. The mean ADCvery−slow values were extremely low in white matter (1–7 × 10−6 mm2/s), but not in gray matter (251–445 × 10−6 mm2/s), indicating that the conventional tri-exponential model fails to represent a special compartment. Conclusions: The strictly diffusion-limited compartment may be an important component in white matter. The new model fits better than the other two models, and may provide additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feina Shi
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenhan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Dong
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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